1.1 S.M. Environmental Technologies (P) Ltd....Boiler capacity TPH 40 Boiler Steam Pressure kg/cm2(g) 45 Boiler Steam Temperature Deg. C 420 Boiler Make Cheema TG Set Make STC (Chinese

1.1 S.M. Environmental Technologies (P) Ltd.

a) Plant Description S M Environmental Technologies (P) Ltd. is 8.0 MW biomass based power plant and is

located at Village Pachhar, Chhipabarod, Baran District. The plant was commissioned on 11th

March, 2010. The plant has been stopped since 15th Sept., 2010 because of heavy vibrations in

TG set and the rotor has been sent for repair. As per discussion with plant head, the plant was

recommissioned on 18th Feb., 2011. The specifications of major equipments of the power plant

are as following:

Table 1: Power Plant Details1

Parameters Units Value

Capacity of the plant MW 8.0

Boiler capacity TPH 40

Boiler Steam Pressure kg/cm2(g) 45

Boiler Steam Temperature Deg. C 420

Boiler Make Cheema

TG Set Make STC (Chinese Make)

TG Set RPM 3000

Tariff Rs./kWh 4.10

b) Type of Biomass Used

The power plant is using mustard crop residue. c) Biomass Procurement Strategy The plant is procuring the maximum biomass from single trader and has 3 nos. collection

centers to purchase the biomass from farmers and trader. The traders also bring the biomass

collection centers. 1 Source: Power plant data

Biomass Procurement

Collection Centre (3 No.) Trader

Strategy I

Strategy II

1348 1346 1350

1599

1151

475

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

Rs.

/MT

d) Quantity Procured & Landed Cost at Factory Gate The total biomass procured in FY 2010-11 is around 26364 MT as shown in the table below.

The average landed cost at factory gate for FY 2010-11 is around Rs. 1426/MT.

Table 2: Quantity procured & Landed Cost at Factory Gate 2

Year Months Quantity Procured

(MT)

Total Amount Paid till

Factory Gate (including

transportation) (Rs.)

2010-11

April 16507 22252064

May 1444 1943482

Jun 97 131490

Jul 0 0

Aug 8273 13225245

Sep 0 0

Oct 25 28771

Nov 18 8552

Dec 0 0

Grand Total

26364 37589604

Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate (Rs./MT) 1426

Figure 1: Seasonal Trend of Biomass Landed Cost at Factory Gate

2 Source: Power plant data

995

42,701

26,364

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

MT

Year

It can be seen from the figure above that seasonal landed cost of biomass varies from Rs. 1348/MT to Rs. 1350/MT while off –season landed cost of biomass varies from Rs. 1150/MT to as high as Rs. 1600/MT. (landed cost is very low in November as biomass quantity has to be adjusted due to physical audit being carried out).

e) Trend of Landed Cost It can be seen from the table below that landed cost of biomass has gone up from Rs.

500/MT in FY 2008-09 to as high as Rs. 1426/MT in FY 2010-11. The % increase in landed cost in

FY 2010-11 with respect to previous year is around 27%.

Table 3: Trend of Landed Cost at Factory Gate3

Figure 2: Biomass Quantity Procured


Quantity Procured

Year

Total Quantity Procured

(MT )

Total Amount Paid (Rs.)

Average Landed Cost

at Factory Gate

(Rs./MT)

% Increase in Price with respect to Previous Year (%)

2,008 995 4,97,331 500

2,009 42,701 4,79,74,339 1,123 125%

2,010 26,364 3,75,89,604 1,426 27%

500

1,123

1,426

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Rs/

MT

Figure 3: Trend of Landed Cost at factory Gate

1.2 Surya Chambal Power Ltd.

a) Plant Description Surya Chambal Power Ltd. plant is of 7.5 MW capacity and is located in Kota district and the

plant was commissioned in April 2006. The specifications of major equipments of the power

plant are as following:








Boiler Make Sitson

TG Set Make Triveni

TG Set RPM 7500/1500

Gearbox Make Triveni

Tariff Rs./kWh 4.93

b) Type of Biomass Used The power plant is using mustard crop residue and soyabean crop residue. c) Biomass Procurement Strategy

The plant is procuring the biomass from both traders and farmers at the factory gate. The power

is having one collection center at Khatoli started in 2010 and is also procuring biomass at the

collection center. The maximum quantity of fuel is being procured from farmers and traders at

the factory gate.

Biomass Procurement

Collection Centre (1 No.) Trader

Strategy I

Strategy II

d) Quantity Procured & Landed Cost at Factory Gate The table below shows the biomass quantity procured and the average landed cost of

biomass for FY 2010-11. The average landed cost at factory gate is around Rs. 1902/MT.

Table 5: Quantity procured and landed cost of biomass for FY 2010-115

Months Biomass

Procured (MT)

Total Amount Paid till Factory Gate (including charges of

Lease, Security, Transportation, Dozzer Expenses, Travelling

Expenses, Tarpaulin Expenses etc.) (Rs.)

April 15,529.1 2,33,73,258

May 4,733.9 75,33,549

June 25.0 1,58,405

July 46.2 2,90,655

August 71.8 15,93,460

September 116.7 14,10,742

October 8,785.2 1,72,39,126

November 3,713.3 82,64,799

December 1,165.3 21,58,128

January 1,158.3 20,84,859

February 3,048.8 69,00,291

March 3,495.1 86,44,129

Grand Total 41,889 7,96,51,401

Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate (Rs./MT)

1,902


1,505 1,591

1,962

2,226

1,852 1,800

2,263 2,473

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Rs.

/MT

Figure 4: Trend of Seasonal Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate It is clear from the above table that landed cost of biomass at factory gate is varying from Rs.

1505 MT to Rs. 2473 in various months of FY 2010-11 (note that landed cost for months of June, July,

August and September has not been considered as purchase quantum has been very low in these

months but high transportation cost from collection center to power plant has made overall cost of

biomass purchase very high in these months).

e) Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate The table below shows the total biomass quantity procured for last 3 financial years and

average landed cost of biomass at factory gate. It can be seen from the table below that average

landed cost of biomass has increased from Rs. 1255/MT in FY 2008-09 to around Rs. 1902/MT in

FY 2010-11.

Table 6: Quantity procured for last 3 years and average landed cost of biomass6

Quantity Procured & Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate

Year


(MT )


Average Landed Cost

at Factory Gate

(Rs./MT)

% Change in Average

Landed Cost with

respect to Previous Year (%)

2,008 77,178 9,68,60,872 1255

2,009 62,832 8,83,25,296 1406 12%

2,010 41,889 7,96,51,401 1902 35%


77,178

62,832

41,889

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

2,008 2,009 2,010

MT

1,255

1,406

1,902

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,008 2,009 2,010

Rs.

/ M

T


Figure 6: Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass

1.3 Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd. (Uniara)

a) Plant description Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd. (Uniara) plant 8.0 MW capacity power plant located in

Uniara district and plant was commissioned on 10th November, 2006. The specifications of

major equipments of the power plant are as following:


b) Type of biomass used

The plant is using mustard residue as fuel. c) Biomass procurement strategy

The power plant is procuring biomass both at factory gate and at 8 Nos. collection centers.

The plant has purchased 4 Nos. trucks which are used to transport material from collection







Boiler Make Sitson

TG Set Make Hangzhou (Chinese Make)


Tariff Rs./kWh 4.93

Biomass Procurement

8 Nos. Collection Centre Trader/Farmers

Strategy I

Strategy II

center to the power plant. The maximum quantity of biomass is being procured from the

collection centers.

d) Quantity procured & landed cost of biomass at factory gate The table below shows that average landed cost of biomass at factory gate in FY 2010-11 is

around Rs. 1850/MT. Table 8: Biomass Quantity Procured & Average Landed Cost of Biomass at factory Gate8

Year Months Quantity procured

(MT)

Amount paid (Rs)

2010-11

April 20123 30152534

May 9387 16806615

June 4256 8376098

July 1297 2538642

August 0 0

September 0 0

October 1986 3750260

November 1254 2659229

December 3016 5832457

Sub total 41319 70115836

Other expenses (transportation cost from Collection Centers to Power Plant) 6320681

Grand Total 41319 76436517



1498

1790

1968 19571889

2121

1934

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Rs.

/MT

Figure 7: Seasonal Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass

It is clear from the above figure that in season, price is varying from Rs. 1498/MT to Rs. 1790 in

season and from Rs. 1889/MT to Rs. 2121 /MT in off –season.

e) Trend of average landed cost of biomass at factory gate It can be seen from the table below that % increase in average landed cost of biomass at

factory gate over previous year is around 3.07% in FY 2009-10 and around 54.9% in FY 2010-11.

Table 9: Biomass Quantity Procured & Average Landed Cost of Biomass at factory Gate9

Year

Quantity procured

(MT) Amount paid

(Rs)

Average landed cost at factory

gate (Rs/MT)

% Increase in Landed Cost over Last Year

(%)

2008-09 140475 162772125 1159

2009-10 88352 105522067 1194 3.07%

2010-11 41319 76436517 1850 54.89%



140475

88352

41319

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

2008 2009 2010

MT

FY

Figure 9: Trend of landed cost of biomass

1.4 Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd. (Ganganagar)

a) Plant description Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd. (Ganganagar) plant is 7.8 MW capacity power plant

located in Sri Ganganagar district and was commissioned in August 2003. The

specifications of major equipments of the power plant are as following:


b) Types of biomass used The plant is using mustard residue and cotton crop residue.

10

Source: Power plant data

1159

1194

1850

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2008 2009 2010

Rs/

MT

FY






Boiler Make Thermax

TG Set Make Shin Nippon


Gearbox Make Shin Nippon

Tariff Rs./kWh 4.94

c) Biomass procurement strategy

The power plant is procuring biomass both through around 19 Nos. collection centers and

factory gate. The maximum quantity of biomass is being procured at factory gate.

d) Quantity of biomass procured & landed cost at factory gate The table below shows that average landed cost of biomass at factory gate will be around

Rs. 2132/MT.

Table 11: Biomass procured11

Month Quantity

procured (MT) Total Amount

Paid (Rs.)

January 0 0

February 0 0

March 0 0

April 50735 121181672

May 14224 31106765

June 778 1574485

July 202 377699

August 365 671966

September 967 1720160

October 13046 21344803

November 10656 12076683

December 2681 2768736

Sub total 93653 192822969

Other expenses (transportation expenses from Collection Centers to Power Plant)

6832215

Total 93653 199655184

Average landed cost (Rs./MT) 2132

11


Biomass Procurement

19 Nos. Collection Centre Trader/Farmers

Strategy I

Strategy II

Figure 10: Seasonal Trend of landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate It can be seen from above figure that the landed cost at factory gate is varying from as high as

Rs. 2389/MT to as low as Rs. 1033/MT. The cost of biomass is very low in the months of

December and November due to the procurement of cotton sticks in these months.

23892187

20241869 1843 1779

1636

1133 1033

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000R

s./M

T

80489

98493

93653

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

MT

e) Trend of landed cost of biomass at factory gate It can be seen from the table below that % increase in average landed cost over previous

year in FY 2009-10 is 4.93% and 58.41% in FY 2010-11.

Table 12: Trend of Average Landed Cost of Biomass12

Year

Biomass procured

(MT) Amount paid (Rs)

Average biomass

landed cost (Rs/MT)

% Increase in Price

over Last Year (%)

2008-09 80489 103237617 1283

2009-10 98493 132553346 1346 4.93%

2010-11 93653 199655184 2132 58.41%


12


1283

1346

2132

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Rs.

/ M

T

Figure 12: Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate

1.5 Sambhav Energy Ltd.

a) Plant Description

Sambhav Energy Ltd. is 20 MW biomass based power plant located in Sirohi District and was

commissioned in 18th Feb., 2010. The plant has been stopped since 30th November, 2010

because of fuel problem. The specifications of major equipments of the power plant are as

following:


13



Capacity of the plant MW 20




Boiler Make Walchand Nagar

TG Set Make Quing Jiehang (Chinese Make)


Tariff Rs./kWh 4.49

b) Type of Biomass Used The various biomasses used by power plant are Arendi, cotton sticks, wood chips,

mustard husk and Juliflora. In addition to biomass, the power plant is also using the coal

which is being procured from the traders.

c) Biomass Procurement Strategy Biomass is only procured through local traders and farmers at factory gate. Power plant also

helps the farmers in uprooting of Juliflora. d) Quantity Procured & Landed Cost at Factory Gate The table below shows the total biomass procured in FY 2010-11 was around 15085 MT and

the average landed cost of biomass at the factory gate was around Rs. 2358/MT. In addition to

biomass, the plant also used around 3000 MT of imported coal at an average rate of around Rs.

3300/MT.

Table 14: Biomass procured & Average Landed Cost of Biomass at factory Gate14

Year Months

Biomass Quantity Procured

(MT)

Total Amount

Paid (Rs.)

2010-11

April 3165 7793315

May 1214 2834631

June 811 1886479

July 697 1733661

August 58 144706

September 464 1024304

October 6915 16013747

November 1698 3992350

December 64 153366

Grand Total

15085 35576561


2358

14


Biomass Procurement

Trader

2462

2336 2326

2488 2497

2207

23162351

2396

2050

2100

2150

2200

2250

2300

2350

2400

2450

2500

2550

Rs.

/MT

Figure 13: Trend of Seasonal landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate

From the figure above, it is clear that the landed cost of biomass is varying from as low as Rs.

2207/MT to as high as Rs. 2497/MT in various months of the year. The cost was highest in

month of August as the proportion of procurement of firewood (weighted average cost of

procurement of firewood is Rs. 2500/MT in month of August) was highest in month of August

while the landed cost was lowest in month of September as proportion of procurement was in

the month of September (weighted average cost of wood chips in the month of September is Rs.

2082/MT in month of September).

13,603

15,085

12,500

13,000

13,500

14,000

14,500

15,000

15,500

2009-10 2010-11

MT

Year

e) Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate The table below shows the trend of average landed cost of biomass at the factory gate. The

landed cost of biomass in FY 2009-10 and FY 2010-11 was around Rs. 2282/MT and Rs. 2358/MT

respectively. There is annual escalation of around 3.0% in the landed cost of biomass from FY

2009-10 to FY 2010-11. In FY 2009-10, around 1000 MT of imported coal was procured at an

average cost of around Rs. 3000/MT.

Table 15: Trend of Average Landed Cost of Biomass at factory Gate15

Quantity Procured

Year


(MT )


Average Landed Cost

at Factory Gate

(Rs./MT)

% Increase in Price with respect to Previous Year (%)

2,009 13,603 31040176 2,282

2,010 15,085 35576561 2,358 3.33%

Figure 14: Biomass procured

15


2,282

2,358

2,240

2,260

2,280

2,300

2,320

2,340

2,360

2,380

2009-10 2010-11

Rs.

/MT

Year

Figure 15: Trend of landed cost of biomass at factory gate

1.6 Sathyam Power Pvt. Ltd.


Sathyam Power Pvt. Ltd. is 10 MW biomass based power plant located at Nagaur District and

the plant is expected to be commissioned by March, 2011. The specifications of major

equipments of the power plant are as following:



The plant is proposing to use Mustard husk, Jeera residue, Sindhisuva, Cotton Residue and Asalyia as fuel for the power plant.

16







Boiler Make Walchand Nagar

TG Set Make Siemens

Tariff Rs./kWh 4.59

c) Biomass Procurement Strategy

The plant is having no collection center as on date and they have procured through farmers

at the factory gate. d) Quantity of Biomass Procured and Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate

Table below shows that average landed cost of biomass at factory gate was around Rs. 1944/MT.

Table 17: Biomass Quantity Procured and Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate17

Months Fuel Procured

(MT)

Total Amount Paid till Factory Gate

(Rs.)

April 10,349.9 1,91,55,847

May 4,724.1 1,01,49,545

June 0.0 0

July 0.0 0

August 0.0 0

September 0.0 0

October 0.0 0

November 0.0 0

December 0.0 0

January 1.2 1,612

February 0.0 0

March 0.0 0

Grand Total 15,075 2,93,07,004


1,944

17


Biomass Procurement

Farmers at Factory Gate

1851

2148

1300

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Rs.

/MT

Figure 16: Seasonal Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass From the above figure, it is clear that landed cost of biomass at factory gate is varying between

Rs. 1343/Mt to Rs. 2148/MT. The cost of procurement is lowest in month of January due to

procurement of cotton residue at an average rate of around Rs. 1300/MT.

2,026

15,075

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

2,009 2,010

MT

e) Trend of Average Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate

It can be seen from the table below that there is increase of around 16% in average landed

cost of biomass at factory gate from FY 2009-10 to FY 2010-11.

Table 18: Trend of Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate18

Quantity Procured & Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate

Year Total Quantity

Procured (MT )


Average Landed Cost at Factory

Gate (Rs./MT)

% Change in Average Landed

Cost with respect to Previous Year

(%)

2,009 2,026 34,10,274 1683

2,010 15,075 2,93,07,004 1,944 16%


18


1683

1,944

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2,009 2,010

Rs.

/MT

Figure 18: Trend of Average Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate

1.7 Transtech Green Power Pvt. Ltd.


Transtech Green Power Pvt. Ltd. is 12 MW biomass based power plant located at Sanchor

Tehsil, Jalore District. The plant was commissioned on 28th July, 2010. The specifications of

major equipments of the power plant are as following:



The power plant is using Juliflora, groundnut shell and saw dust. Plant has also procured the

coal from traders and RSSM.

19







Boiler Make Thermodyne

TG Set Make Triveni

Tariff Rs./kWh 4.52

c) Biomass Procurement Strategy

The power plant is having around 7 Nos. of collection centers. The power plant is also having

Forest Land on lease for uprooting of Juliflora for which they pay royalty of Rs. 730/MT to the

forest department. The power plant is also procuring biomass both at factory gate and

collection center from local farmers and franchise traders.

d) Quantity Procured & Landed Cost at Factory Gate

The biomass procured in FY 2010-11 is around 29, 271 MT and average landed cost at factory gate is around Rs. 2373/MT.

Table 20: Biomass quantity procured and average landed cost at factory gate20

FY

Month Total Biomass

Procured (MT)

Total Amount

Paid (Rs.)

2010-11

Apr-10 7,078 1,47,64,315

May-10 5,642 1,33,20,046

Jun-10 2,504 59,48,409

Jul-10 3,497 81,16,311

Aug-10 2,064 47,69,287

Sep-10 1,274 29,72,946

Oct-10 1,106 29,12,588

Nov-10 2,779 77,05,939

Dec-10 3,326 89,48,610

Grand Total 29,271 6,94,58,452

Average Landed Cost at Factory Gate (Rs./MT) 2,373

In addition to the biomass, power plant has procured around 3884 MT of coal at an average

rate of around Rs. 2506/MT.

20


Biomass Procurement

Collection Centre (7 Nos.) Trader

Strategy I

Strategy II

2,086

2,361 2,375 2,321 2,311 2,334

2,634 2,773 2,690

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Apr-10 May-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10 Dec-10

Rs.

/MT

Figure 19: Seasonal Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass It can be seen from the figure above that landed cost of biomass at factory gate is varying

from Rs. 2086 /MT to Rs. 2773/MT in various months.

e) Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate

The power plant has started the biomass procurement from FY 2009-10. From the table

given below, it is clear that there is around 23% increase in the landed cost of biomass from FY

2009-10 to FY 2010-11.

Table 21: Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate21

Year Total

procurement (MT)

Landed Cost of Biomass at factory

Gate (Rs./MT)

% Change with Respect to Previous

Year

2009-10 4,987 1,927

2010-11 29,271 2,373 23%

21


4,987

29,271

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2009-10 2010-11

MT

1,927

2,373

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,300

2,400

2,500

2009-10 2010-11

Rs.

/MT

Figure 20: Biomass quantity procured

Figure 21: Trend of landed cost of biomass

1.8 Amrit Environmental Technologies Pvt. Ltd.


Amrit Environmental Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is 8 MW power plant located at Kotputli Tehsil,

Jaipur District. The plant was commissioned on 1st October, 2006. Due to inability of plant to

procure the fuel due to high fuel prices, the plant is under shutdown since 23rd Feb, 2011. The

specifications of major equipments of the power plant are as following:


b) Biomass Used The power plant is using mustard husk, wood chips, sarkanda, rice husk and cotton sticks

as fuel.

c) Biomass Procurement Strategy The power plant is having no collection center and is procuring biomass directly from traders

and farmers at the factory gate. The maximum quantity of biomass is being procured through

traders.

d) Quantity Procured & Average Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate

From the table below, it is clear that the power plant has procured around 37900 MT of

biomass in FY 2010-11 and the average landed cost of biomass at factory gate was around Rs.

2629/MT.

22







Boiler Make Cheema

TG Set Make Triveni


Tariff Rs./kWh 4.94

2415 24162290 2405 2462

30502881

2175

27062860

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Rs.

./M

T

Table 23: Biomass procured and average landed cost of biomass in FY 2010-1123

Months

Quantity of Biomass

Procured (MT) Total Amount

Paid (Rs.)

April 3448 8329017

May 6182 14933595

June 561 1284765

July 4905 11799752

August 588 1447837

September 6432 19617448

October 4430 12763663

November 3392 7375932

December 4519 12229473

January 3474 9938707

Grand Total 37932 99720189


Figure 22: Seasonal Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass

It is clear from the above figure that landed cost of biomass is varying from Rs. 2175/MT to as

high as Rs. 3050/MT in various months of FY 2010-11.

23


61,400

33,585

37,932

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

MT

e) Trend of Landed Cost of Biomass at Factory Gate Table 24: Biomass procured24

Year

Total Biomass

Procurement (MT)

Total Amount

Paid (Rs.)

Landed Cost of Biomass at factory

Gate (Rs./MT)

% Change with

Respect to Previous

Year

2008-09 61,400 12,47,80,100 2,032

2009-10 33,585 7,28,33,760 2,169 7%

2010-11 37,932 9,97,20,189 2,629 21%


24


20322169

2629

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Rs.

/ M

T

Figure 24: Trend of Landed Cost at Factory Gate

Documents

1.1 S.M. Environmental Technologies (P) Ltd....Boiler capacity TPH 40 Boiler Steam Pressure kg/cm2(g) 45 Boiler Steam Temperature Deg. C 420 Boiler Make Cheema TG Set Make STC (Chinese