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PART 1: Common Patterns and Useful Vocabulary

Unit 1: Peoples Actions and Emotions

1. Statements in the Present Continuous TensePattern: S + Be + V ing

Focus Point: This is the most common pattern (mu, dang) of the answer choices heard

in art !" #ou shou$d $earn the e%pressions (&i'n hi'n) that ino$e ($i'n *uan) peop$esaction

be adjusting

iu chinh/'dsti/

One men is adjusting his glasses

Co1 thng ang iu chinh cai kinh cua no

be admiring

chim ngng

/d'mairi/ The women are admiring the photograph

Nhng ngi phunang chim ngng 1 bc a!nh

be bending over

cui xung

/benti/ " men is bending o#er his luggage

Mt anh ang cui xung bn hanh ly cua anh y

be browsing

duyt, truy c p

/brauzi/ $ustomers are browsing along the displa%

hach hang ang truy c p doc th!o "an hinh #$%

be buttoning

cai cuc ao

/'btni/ One o& the men is buttoning the &ront o& his shirt

1 trong nh&'ng ng&(i an ng ang cai cuc ao ng tr&(c cua

cai ao )( "i

be carrying

khun, *ac, '"

/'krii/ The man is carr%ing a jac'et o#er his shoulder

+nh yang *ac cai c p tai liu trn *ai

be changing

thay i

/'teindi/ The man are changing the lights

g&(i an ng ang thay !n

be clearing

don d! p

/'kliri/ One o& the men is clearing the dishes &rom the table

1 anh chang ang don d! p i'a th&c n trn ban

be cutting

ct, x!n

/'kti/ (e is cutting pieces)ma!nh* ming+ o& &abric)#a!i+

+nh yang ct 1 "anh *ai#Chc "ai -un ao cho *( %

be emptying

, dc, la" can

/'emptii/ The men is empt%ing a buc'et)thung+ into a container)binh

cha+g&(i an ng ang cai thung *ao cai binh ch&a

be exchanging

trao i

/

iks'teindi

/

The% are e,changing business cards

.oang trao i danh thip

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be facing

i "t

/'feisi/ The men are &acing opposite directions)phng hng+

g&(i ang ng ang phai i "t *(i h&(ng i l p

be filing

n p

/'feisi/ " man is &iling paperwor')gi-% t* thu!tuc gi-% t+

Mt anh chang ang n p giy t(

be filling

y, la" y

/'fili/ The woman is &illing a barrel)thung ph%+ with oil

g&(i phun&'ang y du *ao thung

be getting into

i *ao,b&(c *ao

/geti/ The people are getting into the #ehicle)phng tin i lai+

Moi ng&(i ang ln x!

be handing

ban giao, &a cho

/hndi/ One man is handing his 'e% to the other

Mt anh ang &a chia khoa cua anh ycho ng&(i khac

be hanging

tr!o

/'hi/ .eople are hanging signs)bi!n bao hiu+ on the wall

Moi ng&(i ang tr!o bin bao ln t&(ng

be helping

giup ('

/'helpi/ One man is helping the other stand up

Mt anh chang tt bung ang giup ('nh&'ng ng&(i khac

be holding

c",n",gi&'

/'houldi/ " parent is holding the child/s hands

/a "aang n" tay cac con

be leaning against

d&a *ao

/'li:ni/ (e is leaning against the wall

+nh yang d&a *ao t&(ng

be loading

khun, bc, cht

hang

/'loudi/ The men are loading crates)thung g0+ onto truc')0 t0 #-n ta!i+g&(i an ng ang bc cac thung hang ln t

be looking

nhin

/luki/ The women is loo'ing in the mirror)gng+

Mt c nang ang ng" nhin "inh trong g&(ng

be photographing

chu p anh

/'foutgr:fi

/

The women are photographing the scener%)phong ca!nh+

h&'ng ng&(i phun&'ang chu p anh phong canh

2. Statements in the Simple Present Tense, Active VoicePattern: S + Be + repositiona$ hrase

S + V +

Focus Point: These pattern are not particu$ar$-(./c &i't) difficu$t and can &e practiced

with a$$ the e%pressions a&out dai$- actiities(s0ti1ch c0c)"

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be on

(trn/n/ The men are on their bic%cles

h&'ng ng&(i an ng ang ngi trn x! cua ho

be about

s l2m g3 4/'baut/ The woman is about to dri#e the #ehicle

h&'ng ng&(i phun&')!'lai x!

be ready

)'n )ang/'redi/ The% are read% to go &ishing

.oa')'n )ang i cu ca

have

co/hv/ " man has a long5slee#ed shirt on)ao s mi dai ta%+

+nh yco"t chic ao )( "i dai tay

3. Statements in the Simple Present Tense, Passive Voice

Pattern: S + Be + ast articip$eFocus Point: Both actions and emotions can &e descri&ed" 2hen there is more than one

person in the picture, the focus ma- &e on the genera$ atmosphere or the interaction(s0

t03ng ta1c) of the participants(ng034i tham gia)"

be engaged in

tha" gia *ao/in'geidd/ The%/re engage in a &riendl% discussion)cu0c tha!o lu-n+

.otha" gia *ao "t cuc bao lun thn thin

be gathered

tuho p,t p h( p/'g/ The%/re gathered together on a con&erence room)phong

ho p+.oang tuho p lai *(i nhau trong phong ho p

be posted

ng tai/poust/ " guard)s phong* ca!nh giac+ is posted in &ront o& the

buildingMt t(thng bao *)&canh giac &(c dan (tr&(ctr&(c toa nha.ocMt anh bao *ang &ng tr&(c toa nha#$$$%

be seated

ngi/si:t/ The%/re seated in a row

The% are seated with their legs crossed

.oang ngi *t ch!o chn#oan th0%

4 Statements in the Present Perfect TensePattern: S + 5ae65as + ast articip$e

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Focus Point: The action in this pattern has &een 7comp$eted8" 9ote that if -ou hear

7ne man has $ifted the whee$&arrow8, the picture shou$d show that the whee$&arrow

has &een $ifted, not the men &ending oer to $ift it"

Has put

2, t, cho*ao

/put/ One man has put his brie&case)c6 p tai liu+ on the &loor

Mt anh chang a't c p tai liu ln )an

Has lifted

ng, nhc/lift/ One man has li&ted the wheelbarrow),e 'eo+

Mt anh chang a'nng chic x! k!o

Have left

/oi, d(i i6$eft6 $ustomers ha#e le&t the boo'store

hach hang a'd(i khoi hiu )ach

Have stopped

&ng lai, '

lai

/stp/ The riders ha#e stopped on a bridge)cai c-u+3! a'd&ng lai trn cu

Unit !: Peoples Actions and Emotions

1. Passive Sentences in the Simple Present TensePattern: S + Be + ast articip$e

Focus Point: This is the most common pattern of the answer choices for picture a&out

o&ects" ;$though the statement hae a simp$e form of the passie oice most of them

are in fact fi%ed e%pression with specific (./c thu4) prepositions(gi31i t04) to fo$$ow

be arranged The chairs are arranged in the semicircle7

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)8c s9p ,:p+ #h4ng chi5c gh5 &6c )7p x5p th!o h8nh b9n nguy:t%;

be closed for

)4ng+The tic'et o&&ice is closed &or the da%# ?ng c@a cA ngBy%

be closed)4ng+

The 'itchen is closed

# hB b5p &6c ?ng li%

be close to)4ng+

The street is closed to tra&&ic7#con &Dng nBy bE cF" l&u thng+

be covered with)8c bao ph; +

The shel& is co#ered with boo's and documents#C9i k: &6c bao phG *Hi nh4ng cuIn )9ch *B tBi li:u%

be crowded)0ng i+ The room is decorated with potted plants;#Cn ph=ng &6c trang trK *Hi nh4ng chLu cy%;

be displayed)8c trng b2%+

O#ercoats are displa%ed &or sale#h4ng chi5c 9o kho9c &6c tr&ng bBy ra b9n%;

be exhibited

) 8c tri?n l@m*8c trng b2%+

Ae#eral 'inds o& animals are e,hibited#MNt *Bi loi Nng *Lt &6c &a ra trin lO"%

be filled with

)chBa C%+The containers are &illed with seashells#nh4ng chi5c congPt(Pn( chQa Ry *S )=%;

be laid out

)8c s9p Dt*8c bE tr=+

Aome goods are laid out &or sale;#MNt *Bi )An phT" &6c )7p ra b9n%

be lined up

)8c ,:p th2nhh2ng+

The &ootwear is lined up ne,t to the mirror7)UiBy d>p &6c x5p thBnh hBng bn cnh c9i g&(ng%;

be loaded with)8c chFt C%+

The bi'e is loaded with bags7)Chi5c x! p &6c chFt Ry tJi%

be occupied

)ang sG dHng*C%+

Ioth chairs are occupied7)CA hai chi5c gh5 Vu c? ng&Di ngWi+

be opened

)8c mJ+Iags are opened on table7#h4ng chi5c tJi &6c "X X trn bBn+

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be parked

)K ,e+" car is par'ed ne,t to the water7)"Nt chi5c x! h(i Y bn cnh chY n&Hc%

be piled

)8c chFt ln+Aome #egetables are piled in heaps on the table7)Zau cG &6c chFt Ing trn bBn+

be placed

)8c Dt+Three chairs are placed around a table7)/a c9i gh5 &6c [t xung -uanh "Nt c9i bBn%

be reflected

)8c phLn chi:u+The house is re&lected in the water7)gi nhB &6c phAn chi5u ln "[t n&Hc%

be stacked)8c ,:p th2nhEng+M

$hairs are stac'ed ne,t to column7)nh4ng chi5c gh5 &6c )5p thBnh Ing cnh c9i cNt%

be stocked with

)8c cung cFp*8c t=ch tr+

Tables are stoc'ed with merchandise7

)nh4ng c9i bBn &6c [t hBng h?a%;

be stuck

)b m9c 'Pt* bbQm+

" sign is stuc' in dirt7)\F" bin bE b9" b]i bTn+

be tied to

)8c buRc #2o+" boat is tied to the doc'7MNt chi5c tBu &(c buNc *Bo b5n

2. Passive Sentences in the Present Continuous TensePattern: S + Be + Being + ast articip$e

Focus Point: This pattern emphasi

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be being driven

ang &6c iVu khin

" truc' is being dri#en across a bridgeChi5c x! tAi ang &6c iVu khin i -uacRu

be being exchanged

ang &6c trao ^i

ocument are being e,changed b% the men

\Bi li:u ang &6c trao ^i bXi ng&Di Bn ng

be being fixed

ang &6c )@a ch4a" street sign is being &i,edMNt phKa con &Dng ang &6c )@a ch4a

be being handled

ang &6c x@ l`The bags are being handled care&ull%h4ng chi5c tJi ang &6c x@ l` cTn thLn

be being installed

ang &6c cBi [t" terrace is being installed on a housen th&6ng ang &6c xy d_ng trn ngi nhB

be being lowered

ang &6c h thFpThe &lags are being lowered down the &lagpolesh4ng chi5c l9 cD ang &6c k>o xuIng cNt cD;

be being made

ang &6c )An xuFt(andbags are being made in the wor'shoph4ng chi5c tJi ang &6c )An xuFt ti x&Xng

be being offered

ang &6c cung cFpUood is being o&&ered &or sale\h_c phT" ang &6c cung cFp chBo b9n

- be being pickedang &6c chn

The &ruit is being pic'ed &rom the street\r9i cy ang &6c chn t con phI ?;

be being planted

ang &6c trWngThe trees are being planted along the shoreh4ng cy ang &6c trWng dc th!o bD bin

be being plowed

ang &6c cBy lnThe &ields are being plowedh4ng c9nh Wng ang &6c cBy ln;

be being pushed

ang &6c Ty *Bo

The boat is being pushed into the water

Chi5c thuyVn ang &6c Ty *Bo trong n&Hc

be being raised

ang &6c k>o ln, nngln

The sail on a boat is being raisedC9nh buW" trn "Nt chi5c thuyVn ang &6c nng ln

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be being removed

ang &6c g bSThe eVuipment is being remo#ed &rom the area7\hi5t bE ang &6c g bS khSi khu *_c;

be being renovated

ang &6c cAi to, ^i

"Hi

The building is being reno#ated\=a nhB ang &6c cAi to

be being repainted " sign is being repainted

be being repaired

ang &6c )@a ch4aThe truc' is being repairedChi5c x! tAi ang &6c )@a ch4a;

be being served

ang &6c ph]c *]Ie#erages are being ser#ed72W uIng ang &6c ph]c *];

be being swept

ang &6c -u>t dn

The pa#ement in &ront o& the store is being swept7efa h phKa tr&Hc c@a hBng ang &6c -u>t dn;

be being towed

ang &6c k>o" car is being towedChi5c x! h(i ang &6c k>o i;

be being used

ang &6c )@ d]ngThe telephones are both being used\Ft cA i:n thoi ang &6c )@ d]ng;

be being washed

ang &6c r@a )ch

The 'itchen utensils are being washed

2W dng nhB b5p ang &6c r@a )ch

3. Passive Sentences in the Present Perfect TensePattern: S + 5ae65as &een + ast articip$e

Focus Point: ;$though the sentences in this pattern are t-pica$$- =>? words $onger than

the &asic pattern in (!), the genera$ meaning is sti$$ the same" #ou shou$d &e fami$iar

with this structure to sae the time in choosing an answer"

have been closed

2ongThe curtains ha#e been closed to 'eep the light outMBnh c@a O &6c ?ng A" bAo cho 9nh )9ng;

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have been hung

tr!oAome merchandise has been hung outside the storeMNt *Bi "u hBng h?a &6c tr!o bn ngoBi c@a hBng;

have been left open

2&(c "(raThe window has been le&t wide openC@a )^ O &6c "X ra;

have been paved

2&(c "(rngThe road through the &orest has been pa#edCon &Dng bng -ua khu rng O &6c "X rNng

have been positioned

2&(c t (" sculpture has been positioned in the middle o& the roomMNt bQc iu kh7c O &6c [t X *E trK trung t" trong cn ph=ng;

Have been put out

2&a raThe cows ha#e been put out to graWe in the &ieldP 2Bn b= O &6c &a ra n cS X c9nh Wng;

Have been sett Aome bowls ha#e been set on the tabletopMNt )I b9t O &6c [t trn "[t bBn;

Have been stacked

2&(c xp trngAome glasses ha#e been stac'ed in the sin'MNt *Bi chi5c ly &6c x5p chWng chFt trong bWn r@a b9t

Have been taken by

2&(c t"ll o& the seats ha#e been ta'en b% customers\Ft cA "i chY Vu &6c [t bXi kh9ch hBng;

Have been turned of

2&(c tt

The lights in the room ha#e been turned o&&2n X trong ph=ng O &6c t7t;

4. Active Sentences in the Present Perfect TensePattern: S + 5ae65as + ast articip$e

Focus Point: This pattern emphasi

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have stopped

d&ng laiThe #ehicle has stopped b% the roadChi5c x! O dng li X trn &Dng;

have stuck

bi k!tThe cows ha#e stuc' their heads between the boards2Bn b= O bE kjt Ru cGa chJng X gi4a tF" *9n

5. There is/There arePattern: There + Be + &ect + repositiona$ hrase

Focus Point: ;s There + Be is fi%ed, -ou shou$d focus(tp trung) on$- on the o&ect &eing

descri&ed and the prepositiona$ phrase

lot of leaves

hiu la

There are a lot o& lea#es on the roadC? rFt nhiVu l9 X trn &Dng;

Bench

Uh daiThere is a bench on each side o& the tableC? "Nt bng gh5 bn "Yi bn bBn;

bridge

Cy cuThere is a bridge across the waterC? 1 chi5c cRu bng -ua n&Hc;

fence

.ang raoThere is a &ence in &ront o& the buildingC? 1 hBng rBo X tr&Hc t=a nhB;

flag hanging from

\r!o trnThere is a &lag hanging &rom the &lagpoleC? 1 l9 cD tr!o trn cNt cD

lamp

!nThere is a lamp near the bedC? 1 chi5c n X gRn gi&Dng;

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picnic table

/ang hd du lichThere is a picnic table beside the waterC? 1 bAng h&Hng dn &Dng dO ngoi X bn cnh n&Hc;

plants

Cy ciThere are plants on each o& the tableC? nh4ng cy trn "Yi bAng;

several rows

Mt )hangThere are se#eral rows o& spectatorC? "t )hBng kh9n giA;

. !e " A#$ective/ Prepositional PhrasePattern: S + Be + ;dectie6 repositiona$ hrase

Focus Point: The focus of this pattern is on the condition of the o&ect &eing descri&ed"

asleep

)adj+M ng;The cows are asleep on the straw in the barn7)h4ng con b= ngG trn cS X trong chuWng+

bare

)adj+M trCn

The walls in the room are bare

)h4ng bQc t&Dng trong ph=ng th8 trIng khng+behind

)ad#+M sauThe lights are directl% behind the man/s head) 9nh n chi5u *Bo phKa )au ng&Di Bn ng+

clear

)adj+M rX r2ngThe street is nearl% clear o& tra&&ic7

empty

)adj+M trEng * rKngThe shel#es are empt%7)h4ng c9i k: th8 trIng khng+

in front of:

J ph=a tr>cThe crane is in &ront o& a row o& buildings7) c9i cRn cTu X phKa tr&Hc c9c t=a nhB+

on display:ph0 b2%

The merchandise is on displa%) hBng h?a O &6c tr&ng bBy+

on the plate:

trn YaThe &ood is on the plate# thQc n O trn a+

open for: The shop is not open &or bussiness

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mJ ra cho ) c@a hBng khng "X cho doanh nhn+

outside

)ad#+M bn ngo2iThe tables and chairs are outside on a balcon%) nh4ng c9i bBn *B gh5 X bn ngoBi bn ngoBi+

overhead

)ad#+M trn Cu

The lights are o#erhead

) nh4ng c9i n X trn Ru+

spread

)adj+M lan rRngZugs are spread on the &loor7)h4ng tF" thA" X trn )Bn+

tall

)adj+M caoThe trees are taller than the house7# nh4ng c9i cy th8 cao h(n ngi nhB+7

upside down:

lRn ng8cThe chairs are all upside down on the tables7) tFt cA nh4ng chi5c gh5 Vu lNn ng&6c li trn bBn+

%. Active Sentence in the Simple Present TensePattern: S + V

Focus Point: There statements are short &ut difficu$t &ecause there*uire an

understanding of the oera$$ 7meaning8 of the picture

contain

chBaThe garden contains an assortment(mt hang) of plans.

extends up

mJ rRng lnThe hillside extends up from the beach

( sn i ang ln d!n ra b bi"n)

form

h3nh thBc* m[uTiles form a pattern at the base of the colum(#$ s%p x&p c'a nhng i*n g+ch t+o h,nh cho c- c/t.)

have

c4The building has a flat roof(T0a nh1 c2 m3i b4ng.)

lead to

d[n :n5 path leads to the fountain(6/t con ng d7n &n 1i phun n8c.)

overlook

tr0ng ra* nh3n ra#ome building oerloo9 the train trac9s(:1i t0a nh1 nh,n ra ng t1u.)

pass by

i Vua* b6ng VuaThe road passed b a ;ooded area(ng)

support

trH \* chEng \

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&. Active Sentence in the Present Continuous TensePattern: S + Be + V>ing

Focus Point: The focus of this pattern is on the action itse$t

be blooming

ang nJBlo;er are blooming at the edge of the pond(Tr*n b aoC nhng bDng hoa thi nhau nE.)

be crashing-m sCm*

Faes are crashing on the shore?hng con s2ng ang xD m+nh 1o b.

be drivingang ch]%*

5utomobiles are driing oer rail;a trac9s.?hiGu D tD ang bng =ua ng s%t.

be floating

lnh nh* tr0in^i7

5 group of boat are going under a bridge6/t o1n thuGn ang l*nh *nh tr*n mHt n8c

be flying

ang ba%5 floc9 of birds is fling oer the ;ater6/t 1n chim ang sIi c3nh tr*n mHt n8c

be going

ang iThe boats are going under a bridge

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be sharing

tham giaPifferent 9inds of the ehicles are sharing the road

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carring a box on his shoulders ang 3c X chi&c h/p tr*n tr*n ai anh ta.

caring a sculpture ang 9h%c X b_c t`ng.

cashing a chec9 ang rZt tiGn mHt t> sNc

changing into a uniform ang chu"n sang mHc X b/ ng ph@c.

chatting across the table ang t3n g7u t> b1n n\ sang b1n 9ia.

chec9ing a ;atch ang xem ng h.

chopping egetables ang th3i rau.

clapping hands ang ta.

cleaning the displa ;indo; ang lau chJi ca s hi"n thY.

climbing oer a fence ang trQo =ua h1ng r1o.

climbing up a hill ang leo l*n X ng\n i.

closing a cabinet ang 2ng X chi&c t'.

collecting the folding chairs ang thu l`m nhng chi&c gh& gp.

combing one]s hair ang chIi !u (c'a ai 2).

coming out of the building ang ra 9hMi t0a nh1.

commuting to ;or9 ang i l1m b4ng xeC t1u.

contructing a model ship ang x- d$ng X mD h,nh t1u.

coo9ing soup nu sZp

coping a photograph sao chNp m/t b_c Inh

crossing the trac9si =ua ng t1u

cutting a piece of paper c%t m/t mInh gi

deliering a presentation thu&t tr,nh

deeloping some films ph3t tri"n m/t sW phim

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digging in a garden 1o trong m/t 9hu n

dining ;ith friends n tWi 8i b+n bQ

directing traffic on the road chU +o giao thDng tr*n ng

discussing the document thIo lun G t1i liLu

displaing some art tri"n l^m nghL thut

distributing plates of food ph-n phWi a th_c n

diing into the sea lHn xuWng bi"n

dra;ing in a noteboo9 1o m/t =u"n E

drin9ing from a cup uWng n8c

driing a delier truc9 l3i m/t chi&c xe tIi giao h1ng

eating in a restaurant n uWng t+i m/t nh1 h1ng

inflating the tires ;ith air bKm hKi lWp xe

inspecting an item 9i"m tra X mHt h1ng X m@c

installing tiles l`p ng2i l3t g+ch

Sogging around the par9 ch+ b/ =uanh cDng i*n

Sumping oer the fence nhI =ua h1ng r1o

9nitting a scarf an X chi&c 9hn =u1ng c

laing a concrete side;al9 ct Ht X Ua hQ b*tDng

leaning bac9 in one]s seat d$a lng 1o gh& ngi c'a ai

leaning for;ard b the counter ngI ngi G phVa tr8c =u! h1ng =u! thu tiGn

leaning oer the rail nghi*ng ngi =ua ng ra

leaing a store ri X ca h1ng

lifting some cartons nhc X sW thJng carton l*n

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lighting the candles th%p nhng ng\n n&n

loading a box onto a cart cht X thJng h1ng l*n xe

loc9ing up the ;arehouse 9h2a nh1 9ho cn thn

loo9ing at one]s reflection nh,n 1o s$ nhn xNt phIn 3nh c'a ai

loo9ing for documents in a cabinet t,m 9i&m t1i liLu trong t'

loo9ing in the mirror nh,n 1o trong gKng

loo9ing oer the menu nh,n l8t =ua th$c Kn

ling on a bench n4m tr*n X chi&c gh& d1i gh& bng

ma9ing a transaction th$c hiLn X @ giao dYch

ma9ing a bed d\n ging

marching outside diju h1nh ngo1i tri

measuring some fabrics o X 1i tm Ii

moing chairs closer together chu"n gh& xVch l+i g!n nhau

moing do;n the slope di chu"n xuWng dWc

mo;ing a la;n c%t X b^ithIm cM

obsering a match xem m/t trn u

offering someone a meal mi ai m/t ba n

opening a dra;er mE ngn 9No

operating hea machiner iGu 9hi"n c m3 l8n

ordering some food from a menu g\i m/t 1i m2n n t> th$c Kn

organiRing some paper cu trZc 1i t b3o

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pac9ing a;a some poles

pac9ing for a trip thu x&p h1nh l[ cho chu&n i

painting a picture m/t b_c tranh

par9ing oneks bi9e in a crac9 b^i u xe +p trong hm

passing a box to another chu"n m/t c3i h/p cho ngi 9h3c

paing for the item thanh to3n cho m2n h1ng

pedaling do;n the street +p xe tr*n ng

photographing the scener ch@p phong cInh

photographing the scener ch@p Inh phong cInh

pic9ing up pasties from the tras l b/t t> 9ha

pic9ing egetables in a field ch\n rau E ngo1i ng

pilling some boo9s on the sheles x&p m/t 1i cuWn s3ch l*n gi3

piloting a boat out to sea chU d7n m/t chi&c thuGn ra bi"n

running out to board the bus ch+ ra ngo1i b&n xe bu[t

sanding the floor rIi c3t l*n s1n

selling a pattern b3n m/t m7u h1ng

sering beerages ph@c @ uWng

setting the table thi&t lp bIng

se;ing a dress ma m/t chi&c 3

sha9ing hands b%t ta

sheling merchandise 9L h1ng h2a

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sheling oneks ees ;ith oneks hand 9Op m%t b4ng ta

placing a coin in the slot Ht m/t ng xu 1o 9he

planting a musical instrument ph3t tri"nC l1m m/t lo+i nh+c c@

plugging in a machine c%m d- iLn 1o m3

pointing a finger to the monitor chU m/t ng2n ta 1o m1n h,nh

polishing a ;indo; lau ca s

posing for a picture t+o d3ng " ch@p m/t b_c Inh

posting a notice on the ;indo; ng m/t thDng b3o tr*n ca s

pouring drin9s into glasses uWng 1o l

preparing food in t;o pans chun bY th_c n trong hai chIo

pulling a cart 9No m/t xe ch_a h1ng

purchasing loaes of bread mua b3nh m,

pushing a cart through the line xe h1ng =ua lWi i

putting a 9e into a loc9 Ht ch,a 9ho3 1o (mE 9ho3

putting a;a oneks instruments ct nh+c c@( dJng) c'a m,nh

putting do;n oneks pen h+ bZt xuWng

putting on s;eaters mHc 3o len

putting up a poster treo Inh

shoeling sno; xZc tu&t

signing some forms 9[ 9&t m/t sW h,nh th_c

sipping some ;ater nhm nh3p n8c

sitting across from each other ngi Wi diLn nhau

sitting b a plant ngi c+nh c3i c-

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sitting in a circle ngi trong m/t 0ng tr0n

slicing pieces of ca9e c%t mi&ng b3nh

sliding do;n a hill tr`t xuWng ng\n i

smiling at a friend mUm ci 8i m/t ngi b+n

racing do;n a street cu/c ua d8i ng

rising sales tng doanh sW b3n h1ng

ran9ing the leaes x&p nhng chi&c l3

reaching across the table 8i =ua c3i b1n

reaching for an item t,m 9i&m m/t mHt h1ng

reading a sign \c m/t bi"n b3o

rearranging the furniture x%p x&p l+i n/i tht

reattaching the ;heel to the cart g%n l+i b3nh xe 1o xe h1ng

relaxing outdoor th gi^n ngo1i tri

remoing one]s coat cEi chi&c 3o cho1ng ( bM l8p ph' ngo1i)

repairing fishing e=uipment sa d@ng c@ 3nh c3

resting on the grass nghU ngKi tr*n b^i cM

restoc9ing the sheles x&p ! ngn 9No t'

ro;ing a boat trQo thuGn

running ahead of the man ch+ tr8c ngi 1n Dng n1

relaxing outdoor th gi^n ngo1i tri

remoing ones coat cEi 3o cho1ng ngo1i

repairing fishing e=uipment sa cha thi&t bY 3nh c3

resting on the grass nghU ngKi tr*n b^i cM

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restoc9ing the sheles 9L trng c-

riding biccles i xe +p

rinsing of the counter ra =u!

rolling up ones sleee c1i l*n ta 3o c'a m/t ngi

ro;ing a boat chQo thuGn

running ahead of the man ch+ tr8c ngi 1n Dng.

sorting enelop ph-n lo+i phong b,

spea9ing into a microphone n2i 1o m/t c3i mic

stac9ing boo9 chng s3ch

stac9ing up some bric9 chng g+ch tng

standing at the sin9 _ng E bn ra b3t

standing up straight _ng th1nh h1ng thng

staring at a screen dijn xut (2ng ai chVnh) E m/t r+p chi&u b2ng

starting into the distance b%t !u 1o m/t o+n ng ua

stepping into the building b8c 1o t0a nh1 n1

sorting enelopes ph-n lo+i th

spea9ing into a microphone dijn thu&t b4ng mic

stac9ing boo9s cht Wng s3ch

stac9ing up some bric9s x&p l*n nhng i*n g+ch

standing at the sin9 _ng c+nh chu ra b3t

standing up straight _ng thngC ng ng

staring at a screen nh,n ch4m ch4m 1o m1n h,nh

staring into the distance nh,n t!m xa

stepping into the building b8c 1o t0a nh1

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stretching the hose s$ 9No d1i Wng

strolling along the path i b/ d\c theo con ng

stuffing some clothes into a bag nhNt =u!n 3o 1o tZi

s;eeping the room =uNt ph0ng

s;imming in the la9e bKi trong h

ta9ing a dish out of the oen l c3i a ra 9hMi l0 n8ng

ta9ing a nap on the bench ch`p m%t tr*n gh& d1i

ta9ing on the telephone n2i chuLn iLn tho+i

tasting the soup n&m m2n sZp

tiding up oneks des9 d\n s+ch c3i b1n c'a ai 2

tiding up oneks des9 thu d\n b1n (c'a) ai 2.

;eighing oneks luggage tr\ng l`ng h1nh l[ (c'a) ai 2

;heeling some carts out of the building m/t sW xe ra 9hMi t0a nh1

;iping off the 9itchen counter lau s+ch =u! nh1 b&p

;or9ing on a rooftopl1m iLc tr*n s-n th`ng

;riting on a piece of paper i&t tr*n m/t mu gi

;riting some directions i&t m/t sW li h8ng d7n

a boat is doc9ed m/t thuGn `c cp b&n

bac9pac9s are stac9ed nhng c3i ba lD `c cht Wng

transporting some building materials n chu"n m/t sW ngu*n t liLu x- d$ng

tring on a s;eater th m/t chi&c 3o len.

turning at the corner r t+i g2c phW.

turning the pages of a boo9 lt c3c trang c'a cuWn s3ch

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ting up the rope bu/c d- th>ng

tping on a 9eboard gq b1n phVm.

unfolding a map mE bIn

using a ban9 machine s d@ng m3 m2c ng-n h1ng.

acuuming the floor hZt b@i s1n nh1

;aiting at the counter `i t+i =u! thu ng-n.

the house is torn do;n cn nh1 bY r3ch n3t

the door is closed ca ^ `c 2ng

the enelope is opend phong b, ^ `c mE

the house is surrounded b trees cn nh1 `c bao ph' nhiGu c- cWi

the road is cro;ded ng phW rt Dng Zc

the road is paed ng ^ `c l3t.

trees are reflected on the ;ater c- cWi `c phIn chi&u tr*n mHt n8c

paintings line the ;alls of the room tranh `c treo tr*n c3c b_c tng c'a cn ph0ng

the curtains hae been slid shut c3c tm m1n ca ^ `c 9hNp l+i

clothes are hanging from a rac9 =u!n 3o ang treo tr*n m%c

the buildings are shorter than the others nhng t0a nh1 n1 thp hKn so 8i

nhng t0a nh1 c0n l+i

there is a microphone near one of the men c2 m/t c3i micro E g!n m/t trong

nhng ngi 1n Dngthere is a statue near the sitting area c2 m/t b_c t`ng g!n 9hu $c gh& ngi

a piece of ;ood is being sliced into seeral sections m/t 9hZc g ang `c chHt

ra l1m nhiGu ph!n

merchandise is being loaded onto a container h1ng h2a `c x&p l*n m/t container

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the nails are being polished m2ng ta ^ `c 3nh b2ng

some boo9s on the shelf and some picture on the ;all m/t 1i =u"n s3ch tr*n

gi3 1 m/t 1i b_c tranh tr*n tng

;atting to board the ehicle `i m3 ch+

;al9ing along the doc9 i b/ d\c theo b&n t1u

;ashing the dish ra b3t

;atching a program on teleision xem X chKng tr,nh tr*n ti i

;atching another use a tool xem c3ch s d@ng cDng c@ 9h3c

;atering a plant t8i c-

;aing flags from a ;indo; 7 c t> ca s

;earing a helmet /i X c3i m

some boo9s under the table 1i =u"n s3ch d8i g!m b1n.

some hats aboe the shoes 1i chi&c m phVa tr*n Di gi1.

a rier belo; the bridge X d0ng sDng b*n d8i c- c!u.

a teleision in the corner of the room X chi&c tii E g2c ph0ng.

a flo;er shop next to a post office X ca h1ng hoa nga c+nh X bu iLn.

a lamp post beside the handrail X c/t Qn b*n c+nh lan can.

the chart in front of her c3i bIng tr8c mHt cD

the armchair behind the table chi&c gh& b1nh 4ng sau b1n

a bridge laid across the rier m/t c- c!u Ht =ua sDng

trees along the path c- d\c theo con ng

buc9ets displaed in ro;s c3c c3i r `c x&p th1nh h1ng

Documents

[123] Tu Vung Trong p1