1750-1914 1750-1914 Questions!Questions!

One of the most striking One of the most striking trends after 1500 is the trends after 1500 is the movement of peoples frommovement of peoples from

A) Europe to AsiaA) Europe to Asia B) New to Old WorldB) New to Old World C) north to south over timeC) north to south over time D) rural to urban areaD) rural to urban area E) coasts to hinterlandE) coasts to hinterland

DDAfter 1500s, global trend toward After 1500s, global trend toward urbanization was impossible to ignore. urbanization was impossible to ignore. Population growth and ecnoomic activity Population growth and ecnoomic activity drew people away from countryside. drew people away from countryside. Capital cities became not only political Capital cities became not only political centers but also economic ones. centers but also economic ones.

The philosophes of 18The philosophes of 18thth century supported which century supported which kind of government?kind of government?

A) TheocracyA) Theocracy B) Enlightened despotismB) Enlightened despotism C) Limited self-ruleC) Limited self-rule D) Totalitarian dictatorshipD) Totalitarian dictatorship E) Democracy with universal suffrageE) Democracy with universal suffrage

BBPhilosophes such as Voltaire preferred an Philosophes such as Voltaire preferred an enilghtened monarch who had power but would enilghtened monarch who had power but would use it for the benefit of the people. Such rulers use it for the benefit of the people. Such rulers kept their absolute power over the people but kept their absolute power over the people but used their power to care for the kingdom and used their power to care for the kingdom and its people. In the ideal, somewhat similar to the its people. In the ideal, somewhat similar to the idea of Plato’s philosopher-king, this ruler idea of Plato’s philosopher-king, this ruler would be wise and not behave selfishly or use would be wise and not behave selfishly or use oppression to control his subjects.oppression to control his subjects.

Which of the following 18Which of the following 18thth century empires were multi-century empires were multi-ethnic in character?ethnic in character?

A) Ottoman and AustriaA) Ottoman and Austria B) Egyptian and SyrianB) Egyptian and Syrian C) Russian and MexicanC) Russian and Mexican D) German and JapaneseD) German and Japanese E) French and South AfricanE) French and South African

AABoth Ottoman and Austrian empires were Both Ottoman and Austrian empires were diverse and multi-ethnic in composition. The diverse and multi-ethnic in composition. The Turks ruled over Arabs, Berbers, and Persians, Turks ruled over Arabs, Berbers, and Persians, while the Austrians had control over Serbs, while the Austrians had control over Serbs, Hungarians, Czechs, and others. The difficulty Hungarians, Czechs, and others. The difficulty in ruling a large and diverse population would in ruling a large and diverse population would challenge both empires and lead to their challenge both empires and lead to their eventual dissolution.eventual dissolution.

The first anti-imperial The first anti-imperial revolution in modern world revolution in modern world history was thehistory was the

A) Cuban RevolutionA) Cuban Revolution B) Industrial RevolutionB) Industrial Revolution C) American RevolutionC) American Revolution D) Haitian RevolutionD) Haitian Revolution E) Russian RevolutionE) Russian Revolution

CC

All of the following can be All of the following can be catalysts that lead to catalysts that lead to political revolution EXCEPTpolitical revolution EXCEPT

A) a large underclass of oppressed A) a large underclass of oppressed peoplepeople

B) a corrupt and oblivious regimeB) a corrupt and oblivious regime C) an active land reform movementC) an active land reform movement D) excessive taxationD) excessive taxation E) a large gap between rich and poorE) a large gap between rich and poor

CCRevolutions are more likely with conservative Revolutions are more likely with conservative and uncaring leadership. Often land reform is and uncaring leadership. Often land reform is desperately needed to give peasantry a stake desperately needed to give peasantry a stake in their work. Rulers usually resist such in their work. Rulers usually resist such reforms and seek to maintain their own power reforms and seek to maintain their own power base. Whether one looks at the Chinese or the base. Whether one looks at the Chinese or the Cuban revolution, corrupt leadership and a Cuban revolution, corrupt leadership and a small wealthy elite often give the poor no small wealthy elite often give the poor no option but to revolt.option but to revolt.

A major encouragement to A major encouragement to industrialization in the 19industrialization in the 19thth c. was development ofc. was development of

A) labor unionsA) labor unions B) railroadsB) railroads C) reform movementsC) reform movements D) land grantsD) land grants E) transoceanic shipping lanesE) transoceanic shipping lanes

BBThe ability to move people and goods is The ability to move people and goods is an important capability for industrialized an important capability for industrialized nations. During the Industrial Revolution, nations. During the Industrial Revolution, steam power helped make ships and steam power helped make ships and trains faster and more efficient. Trains trains faster and more efficient. Trains replaced canals as a much more replaced canals as a much more effective way to move goods over long effective way to move goods over long distances.distances.

The 17The 17thth c. slave trade had c. slave trade had its biggest impact on which its biggest impact on which part of Africa?part of Africa?

A) North AfricaA) North Africa B) Sub-Saharan AfricaB) Sub-Saharan Africa C) South AfricaC) South Africa D) West AfricaD) West Africa E) EgyptE) Egypt

DDSlave trade in West Africa was partly a function Slave trade in West Africa was partly a function of geography because this is where the of geography because this is where the Portuguese arrived in early years of Age of Portuguese arrived in early years of Age of Discovery. They established relationships with Discovery. They established relationships with coastal tribes and began to buy captured coastal tribes and began to buy captured Africans from other tribes. As sugar Africans from other tribes. As sugar plantations flourished in Americas, needed plantations flourished in Americas, needed more and more workers in the cane fields. more and more workers in the cane fields. Caused the slave trade to boom, and more Caused the slave trade to boom, and more Africans were forced to migrate west.Africans were forced to migrate west.

Both the American and Both the American and French revolutions resulted French revolutions resulted in part because ofin part because of

A) oppressive taxation that caused A) oppressive taxation that caused discontentdiscontent

B) Problems of royal successionB) Problems of royal succession C) interference by the churchC) interference by the church D) a large peasant classD) a large peasant class E) food shortages after bad harvestsE) food shortages after bad harvests

AATwo revolutions had both differences and Two revolutions had both differences and similarities. Both cases, the king was taxing similarities. Both cases, the king was taxing the people and becoming more unpopular. the people and becoming more unpopular. While French peasants were sometimes taxed While French peasants were sometimes taxed at a rate of 70%, British Americans disagreed at a rate of 70%, British Americans disagreed with the mechanisms for raising revenue. War with the mechanisms for raising revenue. War caused both governments to revise and raise caused both governments to revise and raise taxes after 1762.taxes after 1762.

During the Seven Years’ War in During the Seven Years’ War in the 17the 17thth c, England and France c, England and France fought over territory infought over territory in

A) South America and CanadaA) South America and Canada B) Asia and North AmericaB) Asia and North America C) Asia and the South PacificC) Asia and the South Pacific D) Africa and the BalkansD) Africa and the Balkans E) Europe and AustraliaE) Europe and Australia

BB (called the French and Indian war in (called the French and Indian war in

North America), first global conflict pitting North America), first global conflict pitting different European kingdoms against one different European kingdoms against one another. The two major combatants another. The two major combatants France and Britain – fought over control France and Britain – fought over control of India and also the Ohio River Valley in of India and also the Ohio River Valley in North America. After Britain won, it North America. After Britain won, it secured its hold on India and Canada.secured its hold on India and Canada.

The Berlin Conference in The Berlin Conference in 1884 was able to1884 was able to

A) divide South America between Britain A) divide South America between Britain and Germanyand Germany

B) bring most of Africa under European B) bring most of Africa under European controlcontrol

C) deal with trade issues in AsiaC) deal with trade issues in Asia D) avert war between France and BritainD) avert war between France and Britain E) partition China among the powers of E) partition China among the powers of

EuropeEurope

BBEvents of late 1800s were sometimes called Events of late 1800s were sometimes called Scramble for Africa. New powers such as Scramble for Africa. New powers such as Germany and Italy wanted empires like France Germany and Italy wanted empires like France and Britain. Germany invited the nations to and Britain. Germany invited the nations to Berlin to divide the African continent and avoid Berlin to divide the African continent and avoid imperial conflict. All of Africa, excpet for imperial conflict. All of Africa, excpet for Ethiopia and Liberia, were taken over by one Ethiopia and Liberia, were taken over by one European power or another.European power or another.

The nationalistic fervor of the The nationalistic fervor of the late 19late 19thth c. gave rise to which of c. gave rise to which of the following nation-states?the following nation-states?

A) Mexico and BrazilA) Mexico and Brazil B) Russia and SwedenB) Russia and Sweden C) Canada and PolandC) Canada and Poland D) Germany and ItalyD) Germany and Italy E) Bosnia and TurkeyE) Bosnia and Turkey

DDBoth revolutionary fervor and nationalistic Both revolutionary fervor and nationalistic energy were features of the late 1800s around energy were features of the late 1800s around the world. In Europe, charismatic leaders the world. In Europe, charismatic leaders helped unite both Germany and Italy after helped unite both Germany and Italy after 1871. War was often the catalyst of strong 1871. War was often the catalyst of strong patriotic and nationalistic feelings among the patriotic and nationalistic feelings among the people. In Asia, Chinese and Japanese people. In Asia, Chinese and Japanese nationalists also urged their people to unite and nationalists also urged their people to unite and create modern nation-states.create modern nation-states.

The Industrial Rev. began in The Industrial Rev. began in England b/c of all of the England b/c of all of the following reasons EXCEPTfollowing reasons EXCEPT

A) ample agricultural productionA) ample agricultural production B) natural resourcesB) natural resources C) a large population to work in C) a large population to work in

manufacturingmanufacturing D) technology to create labor-saving D) technology to create labor-saving

machinesmachines E) available capital to invest in factories E) available capital to invest in factories

and businessesand businesses

AAThe transition from an agricultural-based The transition from an agricultural-based economy to one based on manufacturing was a economy to one based on manufacturing was a key feature of modern industrialization. key feature of modern industrialization. England was blessed with coal and iron England was blessed with coal and iron deposits and a growing population. Its deposits and a growing population. Its government also encouraged business and government also encouraged business and investment. First, machines were powered by investment. First, machines were powered by water but when the steam engine was built, water but when the steam engine was built, steam became standard means of producing steam became standard means of producing mechanical energy.mechanical energy.

Which of the following is the best Which of the following is the best example of the light industry that example of the light industry that helped make manufacturing helped make manufacturing profitable in the early 18profitable in the early 18thth c.? c.?

A) Weapons manufactureA) Weapons manufacture B) stone quarryingB) stone quarrying C) Coal miningC) Coal mining D) Textile manufactureD) Textile manufacture E) steel productionE) steel production

DDTextile manufacture requierd less investment Textile manufacture requierd less investment and technology to start. Steam-driving looms and technology to start. Steam-driving looms helped make England and later US large scale helped make England and later US large scale producers of cloth goods. Countries that have producers of cloth goods. Countries that have transtiioned from agriculture to manufacturing transtiioned from agriculture to manufacturing usually find success in making cheap textile usually find success in making cheap textile goods and then move up to heavier goods and then move up to heavier manufacturing, such as steel production.manufacturing, such as steel production.

1717thth and 18 and 18thth revolutionaries revolutionaries tended to be members of tended to be members of thethe

A) aristocracyA) aristocracy B) education middle classB) education middle class C) working classC) working class D) Protestant clergyD) Protestant clergy E) peasantryE) peasantry

BBThose who led French, American, and Those who led French, American, and Russian revolutions were well education Russian revolutions were well education and had access to new ideologies of their and had access to new ideologies of their time. While the working class was the time. While the working class was the most oppressed, it was the middle class most oppressed, it was the middle class intelligentsia that wrote about the coming intelligentsia that wrote about the coming changes and made them happen.changes and made them happen.

Revolutions were attempted in Revolutions were attempted in all of the following European all of the following European nations in 1848 EXCEPTnations in 1848 EXCEPT

A) RussiaA) Russia B) AustriaB) Austria C) HungaryC) Hungary D) FranceD) France E) PrussiaE) Prussia

AA Revolutions across Europe were inspired by Revolutions across Europe were inspired by

post-Enlightenment liberalism. A belief in more post-Enlightenment liberalism. A belief in more power for the people gave rise to movements power for the people gave rise to movements that fought for workers’ rights and liberal that fought for workers’ rights and liberal reforms. Such thinking had not made inroads reforms. Such thinking had not made inroads in Russia, where a powerful monarch, called in Russia, where a powerful monarch, called the tsar, ruled. Most of these revolutions did the tsar, ruled. Most of these revolutions did not succeed, but the ideas that stood behind not succeed, but the ideas that stood behind them did produce some changes in them did produce some changes in government and business.government and business.

The second industrial The second industrial Revolution is also known asRevolution is also known as

A) Age of ReasonA) Age of Reason B) EnlightenmentB) Enlightenment C) Great AwakeningC) Great Awakening D) Age of SteelD) Age of Steel E) Hanoverian eraE) Hanoverian era

DDThe earlier phase of industrialization had to do The earlier phase of industrialization had to do with steam power and light manufacture . As with steam power and light manufacture . As the 1800s continued, new materials were being the 1800s continued, new materials were being produced that changed buildings and produced that changed buildings and engineering. Steel became the material that engineering. Steel became the material that allowed for taller and taller buildings. It also allowed for taller and taller buildings. It also transformed shipping. Larger military vessels transformed shipping. Larger military vessels made of steel replaced older wooden sailing made of steel replaced older wooden sailing ships.ships.

What was an impact on What was an impact on women as the West women as the West industrialized in the 19industrialized in the 19thth c? c?

A) More women became poor as prices of A) More women became poor as prices of goods rose.goods rose.

B) More women stayed home as men became B) More women stayed home as men became wage earners.wage earners.

C) The upper class diminished.C) The upper class diminished. D) There were fewer middle-class women.D) There were fewer middle-class women. E) Many women rejected reform movements.E) Many women rejected reform movements.

BBMen who came from the country to work in Men who came from the country to work in factories became the breadwinners of the factories became the breadwinners of the family. This meant that more women typically family. This meant that more women typically stayed home to manage the family. As the stayed home to manage the family. As the middle class grew, women saw their roles middle class grew, women saw their roles change. Most women remained in the home, change. Most women remained in the home, while a few were engaged in professions such while a few were engaged in professions such as nursing or teaching.as nursing or teaching.

The British empire The British empire consisted of all of the consisted of all of the following colonies EXCEPTfollowing colonies EXCEPT

A) IndiaA) India B) KenyaB) Kenya C) South AfricaC) South Africa D) BrazilD) Brazil E) SingaporeE) Singapore

DDEngland colonized many different parts of England colonized many different parts of Africa, including Kenya and South Africa. Africa, including Kenya and South Africa. India, Singapore, Canada, and Jamaica India, Singapore, Canada, and Jamaica were also part of the British Empire. were also part of the British Empire. Brazil was a Portuguese colony until its Brazil was a Portuguese colony until its independence in 1822.independence in 1822.

During the Qing dynasty, During the Qing dynasty, Korea was turned into a Korea was turned into a

A) province of ChinaA) province of China B) vassal stateB) vassal state C) colony of JapanC) colony of Japan D) new kingdomD) new kingdom E) socialist stateE) socialist state

BBKorea is a peninsula extending from Korea is a peninsula extending from Manchuria in East Asia. The Manchus Manchuria in East Asia. The Manchus made Korea a vassal state, meaning that made Korea a vassal state, meaning that it was subservient to them. Koreans paid it was subservient to them. Koreans paid tribute, or special fees, to the Manchus tribute, or special fees, to the Manchus as a demonstration of their as a demonstration of their acknowledged dependence.acknowledged dependence.

The decline of the Qing dynasty The decline of the Qing dynasty was demonstrated in the 19was demonstrated in the 19thth c c by their defeat by theby their defeat by the

A) Siamese in 1876A) Siamese in 1876 B) VietnameseB) Vietnamese C) United States in the Korean WarC) United States in the Korean War D) Germans in the siege of BeijingD) Germans in the siege of Beijing E) British in the Opium WarE) British in the Opium War

EEThe disput over the opium trade in the 1839s The disput over the opium trade in the 1839s led to two wars in the 19led to two wars in the 19thth c. between Manchu c. between Manchu China and Great Britain. Both wars were quick China and Great Britain. Both wars were quick and one-sided because China was no match and one-sided because China was no match for British naval power. Treaties were created for British naval power. Treaties were created that made China more commercially open to that made China more commercially open to the West. China also was forced to cede the West. China also was forced to cede territory to Britain and other Western powers.territory to Britain and other Western powers.

All of the following were scientists All of the following were scientists who challenged older views of the who challenged older views of the heavens in the 16heavens in the 16thth and 17 and 17thth c. c. EXCEPTEXCEPT

A) CopernicusA) Copernicus B) GalileoB) Galileo C) PtolemyC) Ptolemy D) BraheD) Brahe E) KeplerE) Kepler

CC1500s and 1600s were a time of reexamining 1500s and 1600s were a time of reexamining the heavens and reconsidering the solar the heavens and reconsidering the solar system we live in. Ptolemy was the ancient system we live in. Ptolemy was the ancient astronomer who first suggested a geocentric astronomer who first suggested a geocentric universe where the earth was the center of the universe where the earth was the center of the planetary system. Early modern astronomers, planetary system. Early modern astronomers, such as Brahe and Galileo, began to question such as Brahe and Galileo, began to question the earlier views of an earth-centered system the earlier views of an earth-centered system and proposed a solar-based configuration and proposed a solar-based configuration based on their observations.based on their observations.

Which of the following was a result of Which of the following was a result of mass production driving prices down mass production driving prices down during the Industrial Revolution?during the Industrial Revolution?

A) Discontent in the working classA) Discontent in the working class B) A rise in the standard of living for most B) A rise in the standard of living for most

EuropeansEuropeans C) More powerful monarchiesC) More powerful monarchies D) Technology stagnationD) Technology stagnation E) The banning of unions by most E) The banning of unions by most

governmentsgovernments

BBAs more and more people came to urban As more and more people came to urban areas to work, factories were able to areas to work, factories were able to increase production. This drove prices increase production. This drove prices down as goods flooded the market. A down as goods flooded the market. A positive outcome was the ability of the positive outcome was the ability of the working class to buy more. This led to a working class to buy more. This led to a slow increse in living standards over slow increse in living standards over time.time.

Competition between manufacturing Competition between manufacturing companies in the 1800s led to which companies in the 1800s led to which of the following?of the following?

A) Fewer machines used in productionA) Fewer machines used in production B) Higher consumer pricesB) Higher consumer prices C) Governments investing in private C) Governments investing in private

corporationscorporations D) Monopolies being broken upD) Monopolies being broken up E) Faster and more efficient methods of E) Faster and more efficient methods of

productionproduction

EECompanies competed for market share Companies competed for market share and had to become more efficient in their and had to become more efficient in their production methods. Profits had to be production methods. Profits had to be shaved so savings in personnel and shaved so savings in personnel and technology had to be realized. More technology had to be realized. More sophisticated industrial processes sophisticated industrial processes developed to create more production for developed to create more production for less money.less money.

All of the following inspired All of the following inspired the French Revolution the French Revolution EXCEPTEXCEPT

A) the American success in opposing British A) the American success in opposing British royal powerroyal power

B) Enlightenment philosophy about human B) Enlightenment philosophy about human rightsrights

C) heavy taxation by the crownC) heavy taxation by the crown D) a docile peasantryD) a docile peasantry E) aggressive leadership by middle-class E) aggressive leadership by middle-class

revolutionaries such as Danton and revolutionaries such as Danton and RobespierreRobespierre

DDThe French Revolution followed quickly The French Revolution followed quickly in the aftermath of the American in the aftermath of the American revolution. Both struggles were inspired revolution. Both struggles were inspired by new ideas about republican by new ideas about republican government and equality as a universal government and equality as a universal right. The oppression and the inept right. The oppression and the inept crown also aggravated the situation and crown also aggravated the situation and turned the masses against the monarchy.turned the masses against the monarchy.

Revolutions took place in Revolutions took place in the 18the 18thth and 19 and 19thth c in all of c in all of the following places EXCEPTthe following places EXCEPT

A) British AmericaA) British America B) HaitiB) Haiti C) FranceC) France D) VenezuelaD) Venezuela E) RussiaE) Russia

EE Often known as the Age of Revolutions, the period Often known as the Age of Revolutions, the period

from 1770 to 1850 was full of tumult and unrest. From from 1770 to 1850 was full of tumult and unrest. From the shots at Concord in Massachusetts to the uprisings the shots at Concord in Massachusetts to the uprisings in Europe in 1848, there were successful and in Europe in 1848, there were successful and unsuccessful uprisings in this era. Liberalism was on unsuccessful uprisings in this era. Liberalism was on the move and sought democratic reform in many parts the move and sought democratic reform in many parts of the Western world. Russia remained apart from of the Western world. Russia remained apart from these changes and rather undeveloped compared to these changes and rather undeveloped compared to other parts of Europe and the Americas.other parts of Europe and the Americas.

The British has strong allies The British has strong allies during the American during the American Revolution, includingRevolution, including

A) the DutchA) the Dutch B) the FrenchB) the French C) The Mohawks and other native tribesC) The Mohawks and other native tribes D) Haitian rebelsD) Haitian rebels E) Spanish colonialsE) Spanish colonials

CCBritish cultivated their alliances with certain British cultivated their alliances with certain native tribes since before the French and native tribes since before the French and Indian War. During the Revolution, some tribes, Indian War. During the Revolution, some tribes, such as the Mohawks, fought along the frontier such as the Mohawks, fought along the frontier and attacked American settlements. The fear and attacked American settlements. The fear of native attacks was a strong part of British of native attacks was a strong part of British war aims calculated to bring the colonists to war aims calculated to bring the colonists to the peace table.the peace table.