Total Slave Holders in 1860 Farms Larger than 1000 Acres in
1860
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Red Lincoln Yellow Bell Blue Douglas Green Breckinridge Purple
Non- Voting Territories
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November 6, 1860: Lincoln Elected President December 20, 1860:
South Carolina secedes January 9, 1861: Mississippi secedes January
10, 1861: Florida secedes January 11, 1861: Alabama secedes January
19, 1861: Georgia secedes January 26, 1861: Louisiana secedes
February 1, 1861: Texas secedes March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln is
inaugurated
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December 20, 1860
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April 17, 1861- Virginia secedes May 6, 1861- Arkansas secedes
May 20, 1861- North Carolina secedes June 8, 1861- Tennessee
secedes Border states loyal to Union: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland,
Delaware. 1863 - West Virginia seceded from Virginia
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North Population of about 22 million people About 90% of the
nations manufacturing More farms to provide food for Union troops
About 21,000 miles of railroad tracks Most of the nations banks
located in the North Fighting a defensive war in their own
territory Strong military leadership Defending their homeland gave
them a strong reason to fight Had skills that made them good
soldiers Moral: fighting to maintain way of life South
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North Military leadership They were invading unfamiliar land
Fighting to keep the Union More than 1/3rd of the population was
enslaved; therefore they had fewer people that could be soldiers
Population of 9 million Few factories 9,000 miles of railroad lines
Money invested in land and slaves South
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Weapons- During the civil war, rifles became more accurate and
cannons larger Ironclads- Steel/Metal ships Telegraph- Allowing
almost instant communication over great distances was utilized
greatly during the Civil War Railroads- Allowed transportation of
men and supplies Medicine- Medical education increased, seeing a
rise in medical schools across the country, triage, evacuation of
the wounded, field care, embalming, amputations, and anesthetics
were used and improved during the war
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Abraham LincolnHannibal Hamlin
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Ulysses S. Grant George McClellan George Meade Joseph Hooker
Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott GeneralSignificant Battles Ulysses S.
GrantShiloh, Vicksburg, The Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg,
Appomattox Courthouse George McClellanFirst Battle of Bull Run,
Second Battle of Bull Run, Antietam George MeadeSecond Battle of
Bull Run, Antietam, Fredricksburg, Chancellorsville, Antietam,
Gettysburg, The Wilderness, Cold Harbor Joseph HookerAntietam,
Chancellorsville, Chattanooga Winfield ScottThe Anaconda Plan Irvin
McDowellBull Run, Second Manassas
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General Winfield Scotts plan included: A blockade of Southern
ports Control of the Mississippi River Uni0n troops moving east
from the Mississippi to squeeze the life out of the Deep South
Invading Virginia to capture the Confederate capitol of
Richmond
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President Jefferson DavisVP Alexander Stevens
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Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson James Longstreet Nathan Bedford
Forrest George Pickett GeneralSignificant Battles James
LongstreetWilliamsburg, Second Manassas, Antietam, Gettysburg
George PickettFredricksburg, Gettysburg, Petersburg Robert E.
LeeSecond Manassas Antietam Fredericksburg Gettysburg The
Wilderness Petersburg Appomattox Stonewall Jackson First Manassas
Second Manassas Antietam Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Nathan
Bedford Forrest Shiloh
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First battle of the Civil War Fought between a Union army of
28,000 and Confederate army of 33,000 July 21, 1861 The Generals:
Union- General Irvin McDowell and General Robert Patterson
Confederate- General Joseph E. Johnston, and General Pierre G.T.
Beauregard The battle proved this would not be a one sided easy
war, as was predicted The Union was defeated by confederate forces
The battle spurred a sense of victory in the South and in the North
a feeling of revenge Confederate Victory
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The USS Monitor The CSS Merrimack
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The first battle of iron armored battleships March 9, 1862
Location: The James River It was historys first duel of iron clad
warships and the beginning of a new era of naval war fare Marked an
end of wooden navies and raised hope in the South that the Union
blockade might be broken Draw
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April 6-7 1862 Harding County, Tennessee Could have been a huge
victory for the Confederacy, however with its loss and the immense
loss of human life on both sides, leaders began to realize the
civil war would not end quickly 23,746 total causalities Union
Victory
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Shiloh
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August 29-30, 1862 Fought on almost the same battle field as
the first Battle of Bull Run Robert E. Lee further cemented his
reputation of a great general Confederate Victory
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September 16-18, 1862 Washington County, Maryland Lee hoped a
show of Confederate strength would convince Maryland to join the
South General Grant described, It would have been possible to walk
across the clearing in any direction stepping on bodies without a
foot touching the ground. This would be the bloodiest single day of
the war- 23,000 casualties The Confederacy lost the chance of
support by England and France and Lee lost of his army Union
Victory forced Lee back to the South Lees failure gave Abraham
Lincoln the chance to issue the Emancipation Proclamation after
Antietam Union Victory
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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of
bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held
as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward
shall be free." Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation
Proclamation was limited in many ways. It applied only to states
that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the
loyal border states.
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The North and South had run out of volunteers to fill their
armies. In 1862, the Confederacy passed the nations first draft
law. This law said that all white men aged 18-35 could be called
for three years of military service. A year later the North passed
a similar law that drafted men aged 20-45. (Federal Draft Act)
Under both laws, a drafted man could avoid the army by paying a
substitute to take his place. This led to charges that the conflict
was a rich mans war and a poor mans fight. Draft riots directed at
African Americans occurred in New York City over bitterness of
being drafted to free slaves 1000 people killed or wounded
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Also in 1863, President Lincoln suspends the writ of Habeas
Corpus (Habeas Corpus prevents the government from holding citizens
without formally charging them with a crime) Allowed the Union to
jail suspected opponents indefinitely, but Lincoln saw it as
necessary to keep Maryland and Delaware from seceding after pro-
secession mobs attacked a Union regiment passing through
Baltimore.
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Lincoln also faced the challenge of leading a Union that was
far from united. One wing of the Democratic party did not believe
the cost of the war-in lives, money and civil liberties-was
justified. They also didnt think emancipation was a worthy war
objective and favored immediate peace with the Confederacy.
Republicans nicknamed these critics Copperheads
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As men went off to war, women took their places on the home
front. Many women went to work for the first time in factories.
Others found jobs as nurses, teachers, or government workers Women
also served the military forces on both sides as messengers,
guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies. Dorothea Dix was
appointed to Director of the Union armys nursing services Clara
Barton, followed Union armies into battle as a field nurse and
would later be the founder of the American Red Cross 3,000 women
served as nurses to the Union army
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Clara Barton-NurseRose Greenhow- Confederate Spy Belle Boyd-
Confederate Spy Pauline Cushman- Union Spy Elizabeth Van Lew- Union
Spy
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At the beginning of the war, the South placed an embargo on
cotton exports in an attempt to force Europe to recognize the
Confederacy. Great Britain had a surplus of cotton and was
developing new sources of supply, so the embargo failed. Without
income, the South couldnt imported needed goods to fight a long war
and shortage of goods lead to rising prices. By 1863, food costs
rose 1000%. In April 1863, a bread riot broke out in Richmond, VA
with 100s of women breaking windows and stealing food, shoes, etc.
President Davis threatened to have troops fire on the rioters, so
the women went home. Similar riots broke out throughout the
South.
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October 8, 1862 Confederate General Braxton Bragg led his army
into Kentucky as an attempt to regain control of Tennessee and
possibly bring Kentucky into the Confederacy Fought to the draw by
the Union army, Bragg was forced to withdraw and Confederate hopes
for Kentucky were dashed Total estimate casualties: 7,621 Union
Victory
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May 1-4, 1863 Lincolns quest for a winning general continued
with Joseph Hooker, at Chancellorsville he was totally out
maneuvered by Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson This battle was
the greatest Confederate victory of the war Stonewall Jackson was
accidently shot by his own troops at this battle and died a week
later. Confederate Victory
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May 19-July 4, 1863 In an attempt to control the Mississippi
River, General Ulysses S. Grant attacked the areas around Vicksburg
and shelled the city from one side while the Union gunboats
attacked from the River Confederate reinforcements failed to show
up Confederacy surrenders on July 4, 1863 Estimated Casualties: 19,
233 Union Victory
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July 1-3, 1863-Pennsylvania General George Meade-Commanding
Union General General Robert E. Lee-Commanding Confederate General
Lee invaded the North a second time with 75,000 troops meeting
95,000 Union troops at Gettysburg Picketts Charge- 15,000
Confederate troops charge Union forces led by George Pickett, 2/3
of the men die End of the Confederate offensive in the North More
than 17,500 Union soldiers and 23,000 Confederate troops were
killed or wounded in the 3 day battle Turning point of the Civil
War-Only a Confederate defensive war from here out Union
Victory
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November 19, 1863 Lincoln reiterate (reminds) the nations
fundamental principle that all men are created equal Gives the
address during the dedication of the Union Cemetery at
Gettysburg
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Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon
this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated
to the proposition that "all men are created equal" Now we are
engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met
on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a
portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here,
that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But,
in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate --
we can not hallow, this ground-- The brave men, living and dead,
who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to
add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what
we say here; while it can never forget what they did here. It is
rather for us, the living, to stand here, we here be dedicated to
the great task remaining before us -- that, from these honored dead
we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave
the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve
these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall have
a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people by the
people for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
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May- December 1864 General William Tecumseh Sherman and his men
set fire to the city of Atlanta, GA, the Souths most important rail
and manufacturing center After burning Atlanta, Sherman marched his
army toward Savannah, promising to make Georgia howl During
Shermans march through Georgia, his troops destroyed everything
they found of value. Fields were trampled and burned, houses were
ransacked, hay and food supplies were burned
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May 5-6, 1864 Grant invaded Virginia with a force of more than
100,000 men. They met Lees army of 60,000 in a dense forest known
as The Wilderness. In two days of fierce fighting, Grant lost
18,000 men. Despite the heavy losses, Grant would not retreat. He
followed Lees army to Cold Harbor where he lost 7,000 men in 15
minutes of fighting. Draw
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Abraham Lincoln (R)George McClellan (D) During the campaign
Lincoln doubted he would be reelected The large number of
casualties suffered by his forces appalled many voters Lincoln won
the popular vote and he won the electoral college by 212 to 21
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June 20, 1864-April 2, 1865 (10 month siege) The fourth and
final battle between Grant and Lee Lee finally halted Grants drive
toward Richmond but could not defeat him Grants losses almost
equaled Lees army, but he was able to reinforce his army with fresh
troops. Lee could not First use of trench war fare Richmond finally
fell on April 2, 1865
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April3, 1865-Union troops conquer Richmond, the Confederate
capitol (Southerners had abandoned the city and caught it on fire
to avoid the North capturing it.) April 9, 1865-Lee and Grant met
at a farmhouse in Appomattox Court House (village) to arrange a
Confederate surrender Grant releases Confederate soldiers and sent
them home with possessions and three days rations Officers were
permitted to keep side arms. Lincoln tells Grant: Give them the
most liberal terms, let them have their horses to plow with, and if
you like, their guns to shoot crow with, I want no one
punished.
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Differing View PointsRead pp. 130-131 of History Alive Shelby
Foote: It Made Us an Is Eric Foner: A New Birth of Freedom Answer
this question: How did the Civil War change the United States?
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Fords Theatre- Washington D.C.
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April 14, 1865 (5 days after the end of the Civil War) While
attending the play Our American Cousin at Fords Theatre in
Washington D.C. President Lincoln was shot in the back of the head
by John Wilkes Booth an actor and Confederate sympathizer. After
shooting Lincoln, Booth jumped on state from the balcony and
escaped through the back door. Lincoln was quickly rushed to a
physicians house across the street and lived for a few hours after
being shot
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AmendmentDefined Thirteenth Amendment Abolishment of slavery-
Neither Slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for
crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
within the United States. Fourteenth Amendment Citizenship and
civil rights for all United States citizens- life, liberty or
property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person
within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Fifteenth
Amendment Citizens right to vote- Shall not be deniedon account of
race, color or previous condition of servitude.