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1861• Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865) serves as President • The Civil War (1861-1865)
1862• The Homestead Act is passed to offer free land to
anyone who agrees to live on and improve it for five years
1865• The Civil War (1861-1865) ends; The
Union is restored • The Thirteenth Amendment ends slavery
1867• Christopher Latham Sholes invents the
first practical typewriter
1868• The Fourteenth Amendment makes
African Americans equal citizens
1869• The Transcontinental Railroad is
completed
1870• The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees African
Americans the right to vote
1876• The Battle of the Little Bighorn kills an entire
force of U.S. troops causing the government to step up military action against Native Americans
• Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
1887• The Dawes Act is passed to distribute land to
individual Native American owners
1889• Fenced fields replace the open frontier as a
result of the Oklahoma Land Rush • The Hull House is established by Jane Addams
to help the poor as well as immigrants
1890• The Wounded Knee Massacre becomes
the last armed conflict with Native Americans in the West
1897• William McKinley (1897-1901) serves
as President
1901• Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) serves
as President
1903• Wisconsin becomes the first state to have
a direct primary
1904• The Roosevelt Corollary is established to allow U.S.
interference in Latin American domestic affairs
1906• The Pure Food and Drug Act is passed to ban the
sale of impure foods and medicines • The Meat Inspection Act is passed to create a
government meat inspection program
1909• The National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) is founded to protect the rights of African Americans
• William H. Taft (1909-1913) serves as President
1910• The Immigration Center on Angel Island opens• The Great Migration increases opportunity for African
Americans in the North
1913• The Federal Reserve Act is passed to create the modern
banking system• The Seventeenth Amendment establishes direct election of
United States senators by popular vote• The Sixteenth Amendment establishes federal income tax • Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) serves as President
1914• The Panama Canal opens• World War I (1914-1918)
1917• America enters World War I• The War Industries Board is established to manage the buying and
distributing of war materials, set goals for production, order construction of new factories, and set prices
1918• Alvin York becomes an American hero for his action during the war• The Second Battle of the Marne becomes the turning point of the war• World War I (1914-1918) ends; Social conflict begins• The Fourteen Points are established by President Woodrow Wilson as
goals for peace after World War I
1919• The Eighteenth Amendment
establishes prohibition of the manufacture, sale, or transport of alcohol
• The Treaty of Versailles is signed to end World War I
1920• The Nineteenth Amendment
establishes woman suffrage
1921• Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
serves as President
1923• Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) serves as
President
1925• Laissez-faire economics are established by
President Calvin Coolidge to benefit the nation• The Jazz Age and Harlem Renaissance change
American culture
1929• Herbert C. Hoover (1929-1933)
serves as President • The Stock Market Crash of 1929
marks the beginning of the Great Depression
1933• Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945) serves
as President• The First New Deal (1933-1935)
1935• The Second New Deal (1935-1937)• The Social Security Act is passed to assist
retired workers and the unemployed