2. Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 3. Fibre Optics and ... · Fibre Optics and Laser Instrumentation 4. ... System and contingency approach to ... study-basic procedure involved

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

IV B.Tech. II Semester (EIE) 2016-17

ACADEMIC PLANS

1. Management Science

2. Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

3. Fibre Optics and Laser Instrumentation

4. Power Plant Instrumentation

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

BACHUPALLY, (VIA) KUKATPALLY, HYDERABAD – 500 072

ACADEMIC PLANNING FOR MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

PREPARED BY

B.PRATHYUSHA

ASST. PROF (H&S)

UNIT I

Introduction to management

Concepts of management - nature, importance, and functions of management; Taylor’s scientific

management theory; Fayol’s principles of management; Mayo’s Hawthorne experiments; Maslow’s

theory of human needs; Douglas McGregor’s theory X and theory Y; Herzberg’s two-factor theory of

motivation; System and contingency approach to management; Planning – meaning, significance, and

types of plans; Decision making and steps in decision making process; Leadership styles; Social

responsibilities of management.

Organizing - Meaning, and features; Process of organization; Principles of organization; Elements of

organization; Organization chart; Span of control - Graicunas formulae; Centralisation and

decentralization; Types of mechanistic and organic structures of organisation - line organization, line

and staff organization, functional organization, committee organization, matrix organization, virtual

organisation, cellular organisation, team structure, boundaryless organization, inverted pyramid

structure, and lean and flat organization structure; Their merits, demerits and suitability.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of Unit I, the student would be able to:

Define management.

Describe the Functions and features of management.

Explain the Taylor’s Scientific Management theory.

State the Principles of Management.

Apply Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs.

Distinguish between Theory X and Theory Y.

Identify the factors which motivate the people in organization ( Two-Factor Theory of

Motivation)

Differentiate between planning and decision making.

State the Social Responsibilities of Management.

List out the leadership styles.

Define organization and its features.

Distinguish between formal and informal organization.

List out types of organization structures.

Compare and contrast features of types of organization structures.

Write merits and demerits of various organizations.

Draw various organization structures.

Describe the logical relationships between division of work, departmentalization, hierarchy,

and coordination.

Differentiate between centralization and decentralization.

Explain the organization chart.

LECTURE PLAN: Total no_ of classes: 15

NO.OF

CLASSES TOPIC COVERED

1 Definition of management, features, objectives and importance

1 Functions of management and levels of management

1 Scientific management

1 Administrative management

1 Hawthorne Experiments and Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs

1 Theory X and Theory Y and Two-Factor Theory

1 Planning –definition, types and Decision making- definition and steps

1 Systems approach to management and contingency theory

1 Leadership styles and social responsibilities of management

1 Definition of organization, principles and importance, difference between formal

and informal organization

1 Departmentation and decentralization, Span of control - Graicunas formulae

1 Types of organization-1( merits, demerits and suitability)



1 Types of organization-4( merits, demerits and suitability), organization chart and

types

ASSIGNMENT-I

1. Explain the nature and functions of management?

2. Explain the theory of Hierarchy of Human Needs?

3. What are the three levels of management? What functions do you find at each of these levels?

4. What are the social responsibilities of management? Illustrate

5. Explain how Scientific management paved way for changes in the traditional mindset.

6. “Management is regarded as an art by some, science by others”. In the light of this statement,

Explain the exact nature of management

7. What is the contribution of Henry Fayol to management thought? Explain 14 principles of

management thought.

8. What is the systems approach to an organization and explain the characteristics of a system.

9. Discuss the features of line and staff organization with a chart.

10. Define departmentation. Explain any two methods of departmentation

11. What do you understand by decentralization? How do you determine the need for

decentralization? Explain

12. Explain the features, merits and demerits of matrix organization?

13. What is an organization chart? Explain features of organization chart?

14. Write a note on:

a. Functional organization

b. Lean and flat organization

c. Committee organization

d. Virtual organization vs. traditional organization

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UNIT-II

Human resources management Concepts of HRM; Basic functions of HR manager - human resource planning (definition; objectives;

process), recruitment (definition; sources; techniques), selection (definition; process), induction and

orientation, training and development (definition; need; methods), employee exit process, employee

relations management, employee compensation and benefits administration, job evaluation

(objectives; process; methods), and performance appraisals (objectives; process; methods).


At the end of Unit II, the student would be able to:

Define human resource management.

Explain the basic functions of HR manager.

Describe the steps involved in human resource planning.

List out the sources of recruitment.

State the procedure involved in selection.

Explain about training methods used in organizations.

Compare and contrast between job evaluation and performance appraisal.

List out the methods of job evaluation.

Evaluate different methods of performance appraisal.


NO.OF


1 Definition of HRM, features

1 Job analysis(job description and specification)

1 Manpower planning(definition, objectives, process)

1 Recruitment (definition; sources; techniques)

1 Selection (definition; process)

1 Induction and orientation, training and development (definition; need; methods)

1 Employee exit process, employee relations management

1 Employee compensation and benefits administration

1 Job evaluation (objectives; process; methods)

1 Performance appraisals (objectives; process; methods)

ASSIGNMENT-II:

1. What are the functions of personnel manager? Explain briefly

2. Explain and evaluate various methods of performance appraisal?

3. Define job evaluation? Explain the various methods of job evaluation?

4. Compare and contrast job evaluation vs. performance appraisal.

5. What is recruitment? Evaluate the different sources of recruitment?

6. Discuss the various steps involved in selection process.

7. Write a short note on:

a) selection procedure

b) training methods

c) job analysis

d) fringe benefits

UNIT-III

Strategic management

Mission; Goals; Objectives; Policy; Strategy; Programmes; Elements of corporate planning process -

environmental scanning; value chain analysis, BCG matrix, generic strategy alternatives, SWOT

analysis, and steps in strategy formulation and implementation; Balance score card; Capability

maturity model (CMM)/ People capability maturity model(PCMM).


At the end of Unit III, the student would be able to:

List out the terms used in strategic management to denote different concepts (Mission,

goals, objectives, policy, strategy and programmes)

Explain the process/steps involved in corporate planning (strategy formulation,

implementation and evaluation)

Demonstrate BCG Matrix

State the internal and external factors which influence on the organization.

Identify strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities for an organization.

Describe the various generic strategic alternatives available for the organizations.

Understand Balance Score Card of organizations

Explain the levels of CMM


NO.OF CLASSES TOPIC COVERED

1 Strategic Management- definition, importance

1 Vision, Mission, goals, objectives

1 policy, strategy and programmes

1 Environmental scanning

1 Generic strategic alternatives-1

1 Generic strategic alternatives-2

1 SWOT analysis

1 BCG Matrix

1 Steps involved in strategy evaluation

1 Balanced Score Card and CMM

ASSIGNMENT-III:

1. Identify the factors that are to be diagnosed in external and internal environment of a

business organization.

2. What is the need for corporate planning? Explain the main elements of corporate planning

process?

3. Explain the concept of SWOT. How do you use SWOT analysis in decision making?

4. Write a short note on the following:

a. Value chain analysis

b. Stability Strategies

c. Growth Strategies

d. Turnaround strategies

e. Retrenchment strategies

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UNIT-IV

Operations management Plant location; Types of plant layout; Methods of production – job, batch, and mass production; Work

study-basic procedure involved in method study and work measurement.

Materials management Objectives; Need for inventory control; EOQ, ABC Analysis; Purchase procedure; Value analysis;

JIT, Six sigma; TQM; Supply chain management; Stores management and stores records.

Marketing Functions of marketing; Marketing mix, and marketing strategies based on product life cycle;

Channels of distribution


At the end of Unit IV, the student would be able to:

Identify the factors affecting plant location.

Compare and contrast between types of plant layout (product, process, fixed position layout)

Define production and productivity.

List out the factors affecting productivity.

Differentiate between methods of production (job, batch, flow and mass production)

Describe the procedure involved in method study and work measurement.

Define materials management.

List out the objectives of materials management.

Explain the need of inventory control in organizations.

Compute the formulae for EOQ.

Describe the procedure involved in purchasing.

Distinguish between A, B, C items (ABC analysis)

Explain about the principles of stores layout.

List out the various records used in the stores.

Explain the functions of Marketing.

Describe the marketing mix elements (price, place, promotion & product)

State the marketing strategies used in different phases of product life cycle.

Explain the channels of distribution available for consumer and industrial products.


NO.OF


1 Definition of plant location, factors affecting plant location

1 Definition of plant layout, types of plant layout-1

1 Types of plant layout-2

1 Methods of production

1 Work Study –definition and procedure

1 Method study- definition and basic procedure

1 Work measurement- definition and basic procedure

1 Definition of materials management, inventory management –objectives, need

1 Techniques of inventory control- EOQ-computation of formulae, problems

1 ABC analysis, purchasing- procedure, centralized and decentralized purchasing,

methods of purchasing

1 Methods of pricing the inventory, principles of stores layout and Stores records.

1 Value analysis, JIT and Six sigma

1 TQM and Supply chain management

1 definition of marketing, functions of marketing, marketing mix

1 Phases of Product life cycle, channels of distribution- wholesaler, retailer (functions)

ASSIGNMENT-IV:

1. Explain plant layout. What factors will you take into account while selecting a suitable

type of plant layout?

2. Briefly discuss the factors which dictate the choice of plant location.

3. What are the objectives of work measurement? Briefly point out the methods of work

measurement?

4. What are the different types of charts and diagrams used in work study investigations?

5. Write a brief note on

a) Predetermined Motion and Time Systems (P.M.T.S)

b) S.I.M.O Chart

6. Differentiate between:

a) Job order production and batch order production

b) Mass production and flow line production

c) What are the symbols used in “process charts”

d) How are process charts prepared?

e) What are “therbligs”?

f) JIT

7. The demand for a product is 30000 units per annum. Cost per unit: Rs 4,

procurement cost: Rs60 per order and carrying cost is 20% of inventory value. Determine

EOQ.

8. Graphically represent “economic order quantity” and explain the type of costs that go into

them.

9. Explain briefly various functions of marketing?

10. Discuss the procedure of classifying inventory into A,B,C categories

11. Evaluate different methods of purchasing?

12. What do you understand by marketing mix? Explain all the 4 P’S.

13. With reference to an inventory model explain the following:

a) maximum stock

b) safety stock

c) lead time

d) reorder point

14. Write short notes on:

a) bin card

b) closed stores and open stores

c) material transfer and material return note

d) stores ledger

e) Six Sigma

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UNIT-V

Project management – network analysis

Network analysis; Programme evaluation review technique - PERT (probability of completing the

project within given time); Critical path method - CPM (Identifying critical path); Project cost

analysis; Project crashing; Simple problems.


At the end of Unit V, the student would be able to:

List out the rules of network construction.

Draw a network diagram.

Describe the procedure involved in CPM.

Find out the critical path.

Compute the total project duration.

Describe the procedure involved in PERT.

Solve problems on PERT

Differentiate between float and slack.

Compare and contrast between PERT and CPM.

Explain the steps involved in project crashing

Solve problems on project crashing


NO.OF


1 Network- Definition, terms used, rules of construction

1 CPM- definition, terms, steps, problems

1 Problems on CPM

1 Problems on CPM

1 PERT-definition, steps, probability of completing the project, problems

1 Problems on PERT

1 PERT vs. CPM

1 Project crashing-definition, terms, procedure involved

1 Problems on project crashing

1 Problems on project crashing

ASSIGNMENT-V:

1. Bring out the difference between PERT & CPM.

2. A project consists of the following activities and different time estimates (in days). Draw

a network and find the critical path. What is the probability that the project will be

completed by 27 days?

ACTIVITY OPTIMISTIC TIME MOST LIKELY TIME PESSIMISTIC TIME

1-2 3 6 15

1-3 2 5 14

1-4 6 12 30

2-5 2 5 8

2-6 5 11 17

3-6 3 6 15

4-7 3 9 27

5-7 1 4 7

6-7 2 5 8

3. Given the following details of a project, determine the optimum duration and cost of the

project. Indirect cost is 1300 per week

ACTIVITY TIME (WEEKS)

NORMAL CRASH

COST(Rs.)

NORMAL CRASH

1-2 6 4 5000 6200

1-3 4 2 3000 3900

2-3 7 6 6500 6800

2-4 3 2 4000 4500

3-4 5 3 8500 10000

4. Write a short note on the following:

a. Critical path

b. EST, EFT, LST, LFT

c. Float vs. Slack

d. Expected time

e. Cost slope

5. A small maintenance project consists of the following 12 jobs with duration in days. Find out the

critical path, total project duration, float.

JOB DURATION

1-2 2

3-4 3

5-8 5

7-9 4

2-3 7

3-5 5

6-7 8

8-9 1

2-4 3

4-6 3

6-10 4

9-10 7

**************************************************************************

ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: MICRO ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (13EIE020)

IV B.Tech. II Semester (EIE) (R13 Regulation)

Faculty: Dr. Chakravarthula Kiran

COURSE OBJECTIVES 1. Acquire knowledge about present MEMS devices and their applications.

2. Understanding the principal laws of physics and chemistry employed in the fabrication of MEMS

devices.

3. Understand different fabrication techniques like micro-machining, etching, etc.

4. Study the electronic interface and software design tools for MEMS devices.

COURSE OUTCOMES 1. Apply fundamental knowledge of mathematics, physics and chemistry to analyze practical micro-

systems.

2. Experimenting with software simulation designs (in teams) and exploring the advantages of

working on multi-physics tool for creating a blueprint for MEMS device, as well as documenting

them in engineering reports.

3. Understand the pivotal role of electronics for developing an MEMS device.

4. Apply these techniques for development of MEMS for specific applications.

UNIT I

SYLLABUS

Fundamentals of MEMS Overview of MEMS and Microsystems, Materials for MEMS and Microsystems: Silicon, silicon

compounds, silicon piezoresistors, polymers, packaging materials, material characterization

techniques – SEM, optical microscopy, XRD, IR, ESCA, SIMS.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this unit, the students should be able to:

1. Understand the motivation for the wide use of silicon substrates for MEMS

2. Acquire an overview of MEMS materials

3. Acquire an overview of material characterization techniques for MEMS, including SEM, optical

microscopy, XRD, IR, ESCA, SIMS

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule: 10 Hours) LECTURE 01: WIT &WIL for MEMS – Course Overview

LECTURE 02: WIT & WIL – Overview of MEMS applications, Career advancement opportunities

based on MEMS

LECTURE 03: Use of Silicon and Si-based materials in MEMS and microsystems

LECTURE 04: Materials used in MEMS devices

LECTURE 05: Materials used in MEMS devices (Contd.)

LECTURE 06: Characterization of MEMS materials – Overview

LECTURE 07: SEM, Electron Microscopy, Optical Microscopy – Overview

LECTURE 08: XRD, IR – Overview

LECTURE 09: ESCA, SIMS – Overview

LECTURE 10: Review

ASSIGNMENT • What are the advantages of using MEMS? Why must one study MEMS?

• How are MEMS different from microelectronic devices?

• What is electron microscopy?

• What are the various characterization techniques for MEMS?

UNIT II

SYLLABUS

MEMS Technology Surface micromachining, Bulk micromachining, Deep Reactive Ion Etching, Bending of thin plates,

mechanical vibrations, thermomechanics, fracture mechanics, thin film mechanics.


1. Understand the two major micromanufacturing processes – surface and bulk micromachining

2. Understand the procedures for Etching and DRIE

3. Learn about thin films, their aspects of study, and the implications of thin films on material

properties

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule: 10 Hours) LECTURE 01: Surface Micromachining – Overview

LECTURE 02: Bulk Micromachining – Overview

LECTURE 03: Comparison of Surface and Bulk Micromachining

LECTURE 04: Etching – Overview

LECTURE 05: Deep Reactive Ion Etching

LECTURE 06: Thin Films – Overview

LECTURE 07: Mechanics of Thin Films

LECTURE 08: Mechanics of Thin Films (Contd.)

LECTURE 09: Mechanics of Thin Films (Contd.)

LECTURE 10: Review

ASSIGNMENT • Compare and contrast Surface and Bulk Micromachining with examples.

• Discuss the importance of etching in micromachining.

• What is the motivation to study about thin films? What are the specific implications of developing

and using thin films?

UNIT III

SYLLABUS

Scaling and Stress Analysis Overview of finite element stress analysis scaling laws in miniaturization: scaling in geometry,

scaling in Electrostatic forces, scaling in electromagnetic forces, scaling in electricity.


1. Understand the need to study scaling laws in the context of MEMS

2. Understand how macro- and micro- scale properties change in various materials used for MEMS

3. Understand the general implications of scaling

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule: 06 Hours) LECTURE 01: Scaling Laws - Overview

LECTURE 02: Changes in Mechanical Properties due to Scaling

LECTURE 03: Changes in Electrical Properties due to Scaling

LECTURE 04: Changes in Electrical Properties due to Scaling (Contd.)

LECTURE 05: Finite Element Analysis to study scaling in MEMS

LECTURE 06: Review

ASSIGNMENT • What is scaling? How does scaling affect material properties?

• How is FEA used to study MEMS properties?

UNIT IV

SYLLABUS

Materials for MEMS & Microsystems and Their Fabrication Substrates and Wafers, Active substrate materials, Silicon as a substrate material, Silicon compounds,

Silicon Piezoresistors, Gallium Arsenide, Quartz, Piezoelectric Crystals and Polymers,

Photolithography, Ion implantation, Diffusion and oxidation, Chemical and Physical vapour

deposition, etching, Surface Micromachining, The LIGA Process.


1. Understand how silicon must be processed for use as substrate for MEMS

2. Understand the use of other materials used in MEMS and other microsystems

3. Learn the various processes within photolithography and LIGA

4. Learn material deposition in microfabrication using techniques such as ion implantation, diffusion,

oxidation, and vapour deposition

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture Schedule: 10 Hours) LECTURE 01: Substrate materials for MEMS – Overview

LECTURE 02: Other MEMS materials

LECTURE 03: Photolithography – Overview

LECTURE 04: Deposition Techniques – Ion implantation, Diffusion, Oxidation

LECTURE 05: Deposition Techniques – PVD

LECTURE 06: Deposition Techniques – CVD

LECTURE 07: LIGA

LECTURE 08: LIGA (Contd.)

LECTURE 09: Review

LECTURE 10: Review (Contd.)

ASSIGNMENT • What makes silicon the most widely used material as a substrate for microsystems?

• What are the advantages of using GaAs instead of Si as substrate?

• Discuss various deposition techniques used in microfabrication.

• What is LIGA? Compare LIGA processes and applications with those of Photolithography.

UNIT V

SYLLABUS

Process modeling and Applications of MEMS Device layout, cross-section viewing, photomask generation Design examples (any two in details):

accelerometers, gyroscopes, infrared sensing array, RF MEMS, and Optical MEMS. Reliability

Overview Design Rules and DRC


1. Understand the design aspects of MEMS such as preparing the layout and using a photomask

2. Understand the design of MEMS devices such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, IR sensor array, RF

MEMS, and Optical MEMS

3. Understand Design Rules and checking them

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture Schedule: 12 Hours) LECTURE 01: Design considerations of MEMS – Overview

LECTURE 02: Design software for MEMS – Overview

LECTURE 03: Design Rules for MEMS

LECTURE 04: Design Rules Checker (DRC)

LECTURE 05: MEMS Design Example: Accelerometer

LECTURE 06: MEMS Design Example: Accelerometer (Contd.)

LECTURE 07: MEMS Design Example: RF MEMS

LECTURE 08: MEMS Design Example: RF MEMS

LECTURE 09: MEMS Design Examples: More

LECTURE 10: MEMS Design Examples: More

LECTURE 11: Review

LECTURE 12: Review (Contd.)

ASSIGNMENT • What is the purpose of a photomask in MEMS design and fabrication?

• What are Design Rules for MEMS? Discuss algorithms regarding the same.

• List some software for MEMS Design and compare their features.

ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: FIBER OPTICS AND LASER INSTRUMENTATION

IV B.TECH II SEMESTER (EIE) (R13 Regulations)

Faculty: B Supraja

UNIT- I

SYLLABUS

Optical Fibers and Their Properties

Introduction to optical fiber - fiber characteristics - principles of light propagation through a fiber - Different

types of fibers and their properties - Losses in the optical fiber - Dispersion - advantages and disadvantages of

optical fibers

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completion of the unit, students will be able to:

understand the history behind invention of optical fibers

understand the characteristics of optical fiber

understand the principles behind the propagation of light through the optical fiber

understand the properties of different types of optical fibers

understand the losses in the optical fiber and also dispersion in optical fiber

understand the advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule: 7 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Introduction to optical fiber

LECTURE 2: Fiber characteristics

LECTURE 3: Principles of light propagation through a fiber

LECTURE 4: Different types of fibers and their properties

LECTURE 5: Losses in the optical fiber

LECTURE 6: Dispersion

LECTURE 7: Advantages and Disadvantages of optical fibers

TUTORIAL-I

• Explain the classification of Fibers based on index profile

• Explain Snells Law

• What is numerical Aperture? Derive expression for it.

• What is ‘V’ number about optical fibers? What is its significance?

• Discuss the principles of propagation of light through fiber.

•

ASSIGNMENT -I

• Discuss the advantages of optical fiber communication over conventional communication systems.

• Discuss various losses in optical fiber

• Define

1. acceptance angle

2. Total internal reflection

• List out the advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers.

•

UNIT – II

SYLLABUS

Opto-Electronic Components Optical sources: LED, LD - Optical detectors: PIN, APD - Electro-optic, Magneto optic and Acousto-optic

Modulators.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:

understand the working of LED

understand the working of LD

understand the working of PIN diode

understand the working of APD

learn about electro-optic effect and the working of electro-optic modulator

learn about magneto-optic effect and the working of magneto-optic modulator

learn about acousto-optic effect and the working of acousto-optic modulator

LECTURE SCHEDULE (Lecture schedule: 7 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Optical source: LED

LECTURE 2: Optical source: LD

LECTURE 3: Optical detector: PIN

LECTURE 4: Optical detector: APD

LECTURE 5: Electro-optic Modulators

LECTURE 6: Magneto optic Modulators

LECTURE 7: Acousto-optic Modulators

TUTORIAL-II

Explain the processes involved in LEDs

Explain PIN diode

Discuss the characteristics of LEDs

What are modulators? Explain the characteristics of modulators

ASSIGNMENT – III

Explain S-LED and E-LED

Write short note on Avalanche Photo Diode

Explain any one modulator in detail

Explain following terms Absorption Quantum Efficiency Responsivity

UNIT – III

SYLLABUS

Industrial Applications of Optical Fibers

Interferometer method of measurement of length – Moire fringes – Measurement of pressure, Temperature,

Current, Voltage, Liquid level and strain - fiber optic Gyroscope – Polarization maintaining fibers –

Applications

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completion of the unit, the students will be able to

learn about Interferometer method of measurement of length

learn about Moire Fringes method of measurement of pressure and strain

learn about measurement of temperature

learn about measurement of liquid level

learn about measurement of current, voltage

learn about fiber optic gyroscope

learn about polarization maintaining fibers and their applications

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule:7 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Interferometer method of measurement of length

LECTURE 2: Measurement of pressure and strain

LECTURE 3: Measurement of Temperature

LECTURE 4: Measurement of Liquid level

LECTURE 5: Measurement of Current, Voltage

LECTURE 6: Fiber optic Gyroscope

LECTURE 7: Polarization maintaining fibers – Applications.

TUTORIAL-III

What are the optical fiber sensors? Explain the Optical displacement sensor in detail

Explain about the Fluro Optic Temperature sensor

Explain the process of level measurement using optical fibers

ASSIGNMENT – III

Explain the phenomenon of polarization in detail

Explain how the single mode optical fiber sensor can be used for the measurement of current

Describe any two instruments used for pressure measurement by fiber optic sensors

Explain the operation of Fiber Gyroscope

UNIT – IV

SYLLABUS

Laser Fundamentals

Introduction to lasers - Laser characteristics – Laser configuration – Three level and four level lasers – Q-

switching – Mode locking – Types of lasers: Gas lasers, Solid lasers, Liquid lasers and Semiconductor lasers

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:

understand the laser configuration, characteristics and principles behind its working

understand about three level and four level lasers

understand about Q-switching concept

understand about Mode locking concept

understand about Gas lasers, Solid lasers, liquid lasers and semiconductor lasers

LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule:9 Hours)

LECTURE 1: Introduction to lasers - Laser characteristics – Laser configuration

LECTURE 2: Principles behind working of lasers

LECTURE 3: Three level and four level lasers

LECTURE 4: Q-switching

LECTURE 5: Mode locking

LECTURE 6: Solid lasers

LECTURE 7: Gas lasers

LECTURE 8: Liquid lasers

LECTURE 9: Semiconductor lasers

TUTORIAL-IV

Explain the population inversion in LASER

Explain different methods of Q- Switching

Explain about Helium Neon Laser in detail

Write short note on Four level solid state lasers

Write short note on Semiconductor lasers

ASSIGNMENT - IV

Distinguish between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission

Explain Ruby laser with the help of neat sketch

What are the characteristics of Lasers?

What is the technique used to produce the ultra-short optical pulses in lasers? Explain in detail

UNIT – V

SYLLABUS

Laser instrumentation Industrial applications of lasers – Lasers for measurement of distance, length, velocity, acceleration, current,

voltage and atmospheric effect - Bio-medical applications - Holography: Principle, Methods, Holographic

Interferometers and applications.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:

learn about Industrial applications of lasers

learn about Lasers for measurement of distance, length, velocity, acceleration, current, voltage and

atmospheric effect

learn about Bio-medical applications of lasers

learn about Holography principles

learn about Holographic Interferometers and applications.

LECTURE SCHEDULE


LECTURE 1: Industrial applications of lasers

LECTURE 2: Lasers for measurement of distance, length, velocity, acceleration

LECTURE 3: Lasers for measurement of current, voltage

LECTURE 4: Lasers for measurement of atmospheric effect

LECTURE 5 Bio-medical applications of lasers

LECTURE 6: Principles behind Holography

LECTURE 7: Holographic Interferometers and applications

TUTORIAL-V

What are the industrial applications of laser?

What is the role of laser in displacement measurement?

Explain the design of a laser Doppler velocimeter.

Explain the progress of holographic retrieval and storage

ASSIGNMENT - V

Describe the use of lasers in Bio medical applications

What is the basic principle of holography? List out its applications.

Explain the process of current and voltage measurement using Laser

ACADEMIC PLAN

SUBJECT: POWER PLANT INSTRUEMNTATION

IVB.TECH II SEMESTER (EIE) (R13 Regulations)

Faculty: Dr.M.Sreedhar & V.Nageshwar UNIT- I

SYLLABUS

An Overview of Power Generation

Introduction-various sources of Electrical Energy - Non-conventional Energy sources- Wind power, solar

power, tidal power, geothermal power, magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) Power, Fuel Cells, Biomass Power,

Conventional energy sources- hydropower, nuclear power, gas power, steam power (Thermal Power),

comparison of various conventional power plants, Importance of instrumentation and control in power

Generation – Classification of Instruments in a power plant, objectives of Instrumentation and control.

Piping and Instrumentation diagram (P and I Diagram) – Examples of ISA Instrumentation diagram

symbols, examples of SAMA instrumentation diagram symbols, examples of ISA and SAMA diagram,

piping and instrumentation diagramming, Cogeneration of Power-back pressure turbine, pass-out turbine

process heat unit, control rooms, thermal or boiler control room, electrical control room, plan of control

rooms

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After the completion of this module the student is able to:

1. Identify different conventional and non-conventional power generation techniques, their advantages and

disadvantages.

2. Basic method of thermal power generation process

3. Measurable and control parameters involved

4. Could analyse the efficiency improvement factors in thermal power plants

5. Combined cycles and individual control cycles

6. Could analyze and design any process with the help of P and I diagrams

After the completion of this module the student is able to:

1. Identify different conventional and non-conventional power generation techniques, their advantages and

disadvantages.

2. Basic method of thermal power generation process

3. Measurable and control parameters involved

4. Could analyse the efficiency improvement factors in thermal power plants

5. Combined cycles and individual control cycles

6. Could analyze and design any process with the help of P and I diagrams

LECTURESCHEDULE


Lecture1: Introduction to various sources of Electrical Energy

Lecture2: Non conventional energy schemes- Wind power, solar power, tidal power

Lecture3: tidal power, geothermal power, magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) Power, Fuel Cells, Biomass

Power

Lecture4: Conventional Power generation schemes- hydropower, nuclear power, gas power

Lecture5: steam power-Thermal Power

Lecture6: Importance of instrumentation and control in power Generation

Lecture7: P &I Diagrams- Examples of ISA Instrumentation diagram symbols

Lecture8: Examples of SAMA instrumentation diagram symbols, examples of ISA and SAMA diagram

Lecture9: piping and instrumentation diagramming

Lecture10: Cogeneration techniques- pass-out turbine process heat unit, control rooms

Lecture11: Thermal or boiler control room, electrical control room, plan of control rooms

Lecture12: Review and assessment

TUTORIAL-I

1. Name different conventional and non-conventional power generation methods and their principle.

2. Describe about different components in nuclear power generation plant with neat labelled diagrams.

3. What is combined cycle thermal power generation? Represent with neat labelled diagram.

ASSIGNMENT -I

1.Discuss in detail about the components involved in fuel-ash circuit and their control.

2. Represent the process of chemical reactor using P &I Diagram.

3. What are ISA and SAMA standards?

UNIT – II

SYLLABUS

Instrumentation and Control in Water Circuit: Water circuit, boiler feed water circulation- natural circulation, forced circulation, combined

circulation, Measurements in Water Circuit- Water Flow Measurement, Differential Pressure transmitter

(DPT), steam flow measurement, water and steam pressure measurements, drum water level measurement.

Controls in water circuit-boiler drum level control, superheated steam temperature control, steam

pressure control, impurities in water and steam- impurities in Raw Water, Effects of Impurities,

Measurement of Impurities, feed water treatment.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this unit student should be able to:

1. Understands about the electrical and non-electrical parameters measures and controlled in power plants.

2. Parameters measuring devices such as DPT, Flow and Steam

3. Understands about Impurities in water, steam and their effects in water circuits.

LECTURE SCHEDULE (Lecture schedule: 14 Hours)

Lecture1: Water circuit, boiler feed water circulation

Lecture2: Natural circulation, forced circulation, combined circulation

Lecture3: Water Flow Measurement, Differential Pressure transmitter (DPT)

Lecture4: Steam flow measurement, water and steam pressure measurements

Lecture5: Drum water level measurement

Lecture6: Controls in water circuit-boiler drum level control

Lecture7: Superheated steam temperature control, steam pressure control

Lecture8: impurities in water and steam- impurities in Raw Water, Effects of Impurities

Lecture9: Measurement of Impurities

Lecture10: feed water treatment.


TUTORIAL-II

1. Explain different techniques for measurement of Water flow?

2. Explain control circuits in steam measurement.

3. Discuss problems involved in impurities in raw water and Feed water.

ASSIGNMENT-II

1. Short note on Measurements in Water Circuitry.

2. Explain superheated steam temperature control.

3. Explain drum water level measurement.

UNIT – III

SYLLABUS

Instrumentation and Control in Air-Fuel Circuit Air-Fuel Circuit – Fuels, combustion air, flue gases, waste gases, Measurements in Air-Fuel Circuit –

Measurement of flow/quantity, Measurement of Pressures, Measurement of Temperatures, Measurement

of level.

Controls in Air-Fuel Circuit – Combustion control, furnace Draft Control, Analytical Measurement –

Oxygen Measurement in Flue Gas, Measurement of carbon dioxide in flue gas, combustibles analyzer

(CO+H2), Infrared flue gas analyzer, smoke detector, dust monitor, closed circuit television, fuel analyzers,

chromatography, pollution monitoring instruments.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the conclusion of this unit student should be able to:

1. Understand about Air-fuel circuits, measurement of temperature, flow, pressure and level

2. Understands about Combustion control, furnace Draft Control

3.Measurement in Flue Gas, Measurement of carbon dioxide in flue gas, combustibles analyzer (CO+H2),

Infrared flue

gas analyzer, smoke detector,

4. Combustibles analyzer (CO+H2), Infrared flue gas analyzer, smoke detector, dust monitoring.

5. Concepts of chromatography, pollution monitoring instruments. LECTURE SCHEDULE


Lecture1: Air-Fuel Circuit – Fuels, combustion air, flue gases, waste gases

Lecture2: Measurements in Air-Fuel Circuit

Lecture3: Measurement of flow/quantity, Pressure.

Lecture4: Measurement of Temperature, level.

Lecture5: Controls in Air-Fuel Circuit

Lecture6: Combustion control, furnace Draft Control

Lecture7: Oxygen Measurement in Flue Gas, Measurement of carbon dioxide in flue gas

Lecture8: combustibles analyzer

Lecture9: Infrared flue gas analyzer, smoke detector.

Lecture10: Dust monitor, fuel analyzers

Lecture11: chromatography

Lecture12: pollution monitoring instruments

TUTORIAL-III

1. Why flue gas has to be measured?

2. What is the principle of smoke detector?

3. What is the principle of fuel analyzers?

4. What is the principle of chromatography?

5. Explain about (a) liquid chromatography (b) gas chromatography

6 Explain about different types of detectors in chromatography

7. Describe in detail about flue gas analysis

8. Explain about steam purity measurement and basic steaming process

9. Explain the various methods about measurement of nitrogen oxides ASSIGNMENT-III

. What do you mean by high pressure and low pressure turbine?

2. What is the use of auxiliary steam?

3. What are turbine losses?

4. List the methods to control the steam pressure.

5. Why do we need to control lubricant oil?

6. Define turbine efficiency.

UNIT-IV

SYLLABUS

Turbine Monitoring and Control Introduction – Classification, instrumentation control points of View, Principal parts of steam turbines,

Turbine Steam Inlet System – Inlet valve arrangements, inlet measurements, Governors, Turbine

Measurements – Process Parameters, mechanical parameters, electrical parameters, Turbine control system

– safety control systems, process control systems, Lubrication for turbo-alternator – Lubrication

system, Controls in Lubrication system, Turbo-Alternator Cooling System – Lube Oil cooling system,

Alternator/Generator cooling system.


1 Student could able to understand different turbine control loops and interlocks associated.

2. Will study feedback, feed forward, multivariable, ratio, cascade and other advanced control strategies in

application with different turbine processes.

3. Could understand how to design different control loops for measuring and controlling steam pressure,

boiler drum level, fuel- air ration etc.

LECTURE SHEDULE (Lecture schedule: 08 Hours)

Lecture1: Review about all steam turbine related processes and process parameters

Lecture2: Classification, instrumentation control points of View.

Lecture3: Principal parts of steam turbines.

Lecture4: Turbine Steam Inlet System – Inlet valve arrangements

Lecture5: Inlet measurements, Governors

Lecture6: Turbine Measurements – Process Parameters, mechanical parameters, electrical parameters

TUTORIAL-IV

1. Enlist the various components of cooling system

2. Why do we need a turbine governor?

3. How steam temperature affects efficiency of boiler?

4. How to measure speed of turbine?

5. Why do we need to measure vibration of turbine blades?

6. Name the sensors used in measuring vibration?

7. How to steam pressure is inter linked with turbine governors?

ASSESSMENT-IV

1. Enlist the various components of cooling system

2. Why do we need a turbine governor?

3. How steam temperature affects efficiency of boiler?

4. How to measure speed of turbine?

5. Why do we need to measure vibration of turbine blades?

6. Name the sensors used in measuring vibration?

7. How to steam pressure is inter linked with turbine governors?

8. What are the types of gas turbine?

9. List the methods to measure speed of turbine.

10. Describe in detail steam pressure control

11. Write short notes on speed and vibration monitoring and control

12. Explain in detail shell temperature monitoring and control

13. Describe in detail about cooling system used in thermal power plant

UNIT – V: SYLLABUS

Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation Introduction – Instrumentation and Control for Nuclear Power Plant - Important Components of I&C

System - Evolution of I&C in NPP – Reactor Control – Methods of Control, Control loops, Functions of

control system, Pressurized water reactor (PWR) controls, boiler water reactor (BWR) controls, Liquid

metal cooled reactor (LMCR) Control, role of reactor controls during start-up, normal operation and shut

down.

Digital Architectures in Nuclear Power Plants - System-level Instrumentation and control architecture,

safety related systems, non-safety-related systems, man machine interface system (MMIS),

Instrumentation and controls architecture platform.

Radiation protection and monitoring – accident at three mile Island, USA, disaster at Chernobyl nuclear

power plant, Ukraine, calamity at Fukushima, Daiichi nuclear power plant, Japan, Radiation Units,

Biological Effects of Radiation, Radiation Monitoring, Nuclear Reactor Safety - Reactor protection

system, Reactor Tripping, Engineered Safety Features, Surveillance, Diagnostics and Prognostics –

Surveillance, Diagnosis, Prognosis.


1. Student could able to understand the complete structure of Nuclear Power Plant.

2. Will come to know Principle of working of all kinds of important components of Nuclear power

plant.

3. Could understand how to protect and diagnosis the nuclear reactors in power plants.

Lecture1: Instrumentation and Control for Nuclear Power Plant

Lecture2: Important Components of I&C System - Evolution of I&C in NPP

Lecture3: Methods of Control, Control loops, Functions of control system

Lecture4: Pressurized water reactor (PWR) controls, boiler water reactor (BWR) controls

Lecture5: Liquid metal cooled reactor (LMCR) Control

Lecture6: Role of reactor controls during start-up, normal operation and shut down.

Lecture7: System-level Instrumentation and control architecture, Instrumentation and controls architecture

platform

Lecture8: Safety related systems, non-safety-related systems

Lecture9: Radiation protection and monitoring

Lecture10: Nuclear Reactor Safety

Lecture11: Surveillance, Diagnosis, Prognosis.


LECTURE SCHEDULE

(Lecture schedule: 12 HOURS)

Lecture1: Instrumentation and Control for Nuclear Power Plant

Lecture2: Important Components of I&C System - Evolution of I&C in NPP

Lecture3: Methods of Control, Control loops, Functions of control system

Lecture4: Pressurized water reactor (PWR) controls, boiler water reactor (BWR) controls

Lecture5: Liquid metal cooled reactor (LMCR) Control

Lecture6: Role of reactor controls during start-up, normal operation and shut down.

Lecture7: System-level Instrumentation and control architecture, Instrumentation and controls architecture

platform

Lecture8: Safety related systems, non-safety-related systems

Lecture9: Radiation protection and monitoring

Lecture10: Nuclear Reactor Safety

Lecture11: Surveillance, Diagnosis, Prognosis.


TUTORIAL-V

1. Explain about Nuclear Power Plant

2. Discuss about Important Components of I&C System

3. Role of reactor controls during start-up, normal operation and shut down

4. Explain System-level Instrumentation and control architecture 5. Nuclear Reactor Safety.

ASSESSMENT-V

1. Explain Reactor Tripping.

2. Discuss Biological Effects of Radiation

3. Explain man machine interface system.

4. Short note on Liquid metal cooled reactor.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Modern Power Station Practice, Volume.6, Instrumentation, Controls and Testing, Pergamon

Press, Oxford, 1971.

2. Power Plant Technology, Wakil M.M., McGraw Hill.

3. Standard Boiler operations-Questions and Answers.,Elonka S.M and Kohal A.L.,– Tata McGraw

Hill, New Delhi, 1994.

4. Power Plant Instrumentation by Prof. K. Krishna Swamy, Newage International Publisher.

REFERENCES 1. Standard Boiler Operations - Questions and Answers – by Elonka S.M., andKohal A.L., TMH,

New Delhi, 1994

Dr.M.Sreedhar(Prof),EIE Dept.

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