2002 Compilation North American Native Orchid Journal

8/8/2019 2002 Compilation North American Native Orchid Journal

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NORTH AMERICAN NATIVEORCHID JOURNAL

Volume 8 2002

IN THIS ISSUE:Revalidation of Platanthera conspicua Corallorhiza maculata var. mexicana in theSouthwest?Did You Ever? Wonders And BlundersTwo New Color Forms from the MidwesternUnited StatesOrchids of Northern Maineand more…..



The North American Native Orchid Journal (ISSN 1084-7332) is an annual publicationdevoted to promoting interest andknowledge of the native orchids of North

America. A limited number of the print version of each issue of the Journal areavailable upon request and electronic

versions are available to all interestedpersons or institutions free of charge. The Journal welcomes article of any nature thatdeal with native or introduced orchids thatare found growing wild in North America,primarily north of Mexico, althougharticles of general interest concerning Mexican species will welcome.

Requests for either print or electronic

copies should be sent to the editor:Paul Martin Brown, 10896 SW 90th

Terrace, Ocala, FL 34481 or via email [email protected] .



NORTH AMERICAN NATIVEORCHID JOURNAL

Volume 8 2002

CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITOR1

REVALIDATION OF PLATANTHERA CONSPICUA , THE

SOUTHERN WHITE FRINGEDORCHIS

Paul Martin Brown3

CORALLORHIZA MACULATA VAR. MEXICANA IN THE SOUTHWEST?

Ronald A. Coleman17

DID YOU EVER? WONDERS ANDBLUNDERS

The Slow Empiricist 22

TWO NEW COLOR FORMS FROMTHE MIDWESTERN UNITED

STATESPaul Martin Brown30



EVIDENCE FOR THEREVALIDATION OF THE GENUS

GYMNADENIOPSIS RYDBERGPaul Martin Brown

32ORCHIDS OF NORTHERN MAINE

Olof O. Nylander40

RECENT PUBLICATIONSCONCERNING NORTH

AMERICAN ORCHIDS FOR 200266

Color Plates:p. 69, pl. 1: Platanthera conspicua ; Platantherablephariglottis

p. 70, pl. 2: Platanthera xlueri ; Platanthera xbeckneri p. 71, pl. 3: Cypripedium kentuckiense forma summersi ;Platanthera peramoena forma doddsiaep. 72, pl. 4: Corallorhiza maculata var. mexicana ;Gymnadeniopsis clavellata ; G. integra ; G. nivea .Photos by Paul Martin Brown unless otherwise credited.

All drawings in this issue are by Stan FolsomThe opinions expressed in the Journal are those of the

authors. Scientific articles may be subject to peer reviewand popular articles will be examined for both accuracy

and scientific content.Volume 8 pages 1-72; issued December 30, 2002.Copyright 2002 by the

North American Native Orchid Alliance, Inc .Cover: Platanthera peramoena by Stan Folsom



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NOTES FROM THE EDITOR

After an unfortunate lapse of severalmonths the Journal is now back on track withan annual issue. I am unable to continue withquarterly issues but will produce an annualissue that will be usually be mailed in theautumn of each year.

The length of the annual issue will varydepending on the material that is submitted.There is no limit on length, but it will all be inone issue. Correspondence should be sent to theeditor, NANOJ 10896 SW 90 th Terrace, Ocala,Florida 34481 or, during the summer, to POBox 759, Acton, Maine 04001. Email remainsat [email protected] .

The Alliance will no longer beorganizing an annual North American NativeOrchid Conferences . For more informationabout conferences see http://groups.yahoo.com

/group /nativeorchidconference/ or by emailing



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them at [email protected] . This group alsosupports an email news group that offersmembers the opportunity to exchangeinformation and questions. These conferencesare not affiliated with the North American

Native Orchid Alliance but have the full

support of the Alliance .

Paul Martin Brown , editorDecember 2002



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REVALIDATION OF

PLATANTHERA CONSPICUA , THESOUTHERN WHITE FRINGED

ORCHIS

Paul Martin Brown

In the course of preparing the manuscriptfor Wild Orchids of the Southeastern United

States it became apparent that plants currentlyknown as Platanthera blephariglottis var.conspicua (Nash) Luer should be recognized atthe species level. Evidence is presented belowto support this. Both a new combination for thespecies, as well as two new hybridcombinations, are also needed.

Platanthera conspicua (Nash) P.M. Browncomb. nov. Basionym: Habenaria conspicua Nash, Bull.Torrey Bot. Club 23: 100. 1896. Synonyms: Blephariglottis conspicua (Nash)Small, Fl. S. E. U.S. 313, 1329. 1903.



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Habenaria blephariglottis (Willdenow)Hooker var. conspicua (Nash) Ames, Rhodora10:70. 1908.

Platanthera blephariglottis (Willdenow)Lindley var. conspicua (Nash) Luer, NativeOrchids of Florida , 40. 1972.

The fringed-lipped rein orchises,Platanthera spp., are among our showiestnative orchids to be found in the eastern NorthAmerica. Whereas most of the species areyellow/orange or purple in color, three speciesare pure white - Platanthera blephariglottis , P.conspicua , and P. integrilabia . Habenariablephariglottis was originally described fromPennsylvania by Lindley in 1835, ( Gen. Sp.Orchid. Pl. , 291.) and subsequently Nash, fromFlorida, in 1896, described Habenariaconspicua - a similar plant with a much longerspur and fewer flowers, primarily from thesoutheastern coastal plain. Small (1903) notedthat the range also included Kentucky and thatthe lip was "sometimes nearly entire". Thislatter description may very well apply toPlatanthera integrilabia .

For many years spur length, combinedwith range, was considered the criticalcharacter in differentiating Platantherablephariglottis and P. conspicua (as var.



5

conspicua ). Close examination of the flowersreveals several other differences, and moreimportantly proves that spur length aloneshould not be relied upon for identification.Long spurred plants of P. blephariglottis occuras far north on the Coastal Plain as Cape Cod,

Massachusetts, and plants from that region,Long Island and New Jersey have often beenidentified as the var. conspicua . In bothMassachusetts and New Jersey populations of P. blephariglottis occurring well inland,especially in the mountains, possess short"normal" spurs. In addition P. conspicua wasconsidered the "southern variant" and all plantsof white fringed orchises from Virginiasouthward were usually addressed as P.blephariglottis var. conspicua . Thismisunderstanding of spur length has led to theerroneous publication in several recent orchidworks concerning the distribution of P.conspicua . Brown, Wild Orchids of the

Northeastern United States (1997) and Bentley, Native Orchids of the Southern Appalachians(2000) clearly illustrate P. blephariglottis (var.blephariglottis ) although they are identified as

P. blephariglottis var. conspicua .

In his treatment of Platantherablephariglottis in the Orchidaceae of FloraNorth America (2002) Sheviak has clarified the



6

distribution and states that "The widespreadPlatanthera blephariglottis var. blephariglottis tends tohave a dense inflorescence of smaller flowers with thedescending to reflexed lips rather simply fringed (inextreme cases scarcely more than deeply lacerate). Incontrast, the typically open, lax inflorescence of var.conspicua bears larger flowers often with an exquisitely

elaborate filiform fringe on the porrect lips. Althoughtypical plants of the two varieties are quite distinctive,most characters vary considerably within and betweenthe varieties and can be misleading. In contrast, spurlength seems to be unambiguous, and insofar as itreflects specialization for different pollinators, uponfurther study it may be shown to delimit distinctspecies."

Close examination of the inflorescenceand flowers of Platanthera conspicua show afewer-flowered raceme, a lip that is narrowedto a distinct isthmus at the base (a criticalcharacter), and that the lip projects forward. Allthree of these characters are also present in P.integrilabia but not in P. blephariglottis .Granted, the few-flowered raceme is certainlyvariable, but where both P. blephariglottis andP. conspicua occur sympatrically the number of flowers is noticeable. Flowering time is also

somewhat different in these areas, with P.conspicua being considerably later than P.blephariglottis .





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Platanthera conspicuasouthern white fringed orchis



9

.

Platanthera blepha

Platanthera blephariglottisnothern white fringed orchis



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Range of Platanthera blephariglottis

Range of Platanthera conspicua



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TWO NEW HYBRIDS COMBINATIONS

Two hybrid combinations that occur withPlatanthera blephariglottis : Platanthera x

canbyi (Ames) Luer (P. blephariglottisx

P.cristata ), published as Habenaria x canbyi in Rhodora 10:70, 1908 with the type fromLewes, Delaware and Platanthera x bicolor (Rafinesque) Luer (P. blephariglottis x P.ciliaris ) published as Blephariglottis bicolor inFlora Telluriana 2:39. 1836, type from 'NewJersey'. The geographic data would indicatethat the parent listed as P. blephariglottis iscorrect. Similar combinations occur also occurwith P. conspicua as a parent and thereforenecessitate the publication of two newnothospecies.

In both of these hybrid combinations thedistinctive lip shape of Platanthera conspicua is evident, whereas in P . x canbyi and P .x bicolor the lip shape of P. blephariglottis isevident. Both nothospecies tend to occupy

damp pine flatwoods and moist, openroadsides. The color of the flowers in bothvaries from pale yellow to buff to nearly acoffee color and in a few instances a trulybicolored flower with the lip pale or white and



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the petals and sepals shades of orange oryellow.

Whereas the type of Habenaria x canbyiis from Delaware, and Platanthera conspicua isnot known from that far north, and P.

blephariglottis is frequently seen in that region,there can be no doubt that the parents are aslisted. Hybrids of P. conspicua and P. cristata ,from the southeastern coastal plain thereforerequire a new name for the hybrid combination.

Platanthera x beckneri P.M. Brownnothospecies nova

Planta inter Platanthera conspicua (Nash) P.M. Brown et Platanthera cristata(Michaux) Lindley, intermedia in habitu etcolore florum; floribus plerumque luteolum; velproprietatibus specierum mixtis.

Plant intermediate between Platantheraconspicua (Nash) P.M. Brown and Platantheracristata (Michaux) Lindley in habit and floralcolor; flowers commonly pale yellow, with thefeatures of the species intermixed.

TYPE: UNITED STATES. Florida;Columbia County. US90, 6 miles east of LakeCity, 30 July 1967. J. Beckner 1895 (holotype



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FLAS 99458). NANOJ 8:70. 2002. Color Plate2.

ETYMOLOGY: named in honor of JohnBeckner, Florida orchidist

As in the previous combination, the typeof Platanthera x bicolor is northern (NewJersey) and P. blephariglottis is abundant inmany areas. Unfortunately several publicationshave occurred regarding this hybrid, and all of them actually involve P. conspicua rather thanP. blephariglottis . In April 1968 Carlyle Luerpublished Habenaria x schweinfurthii unawarethat both the specific name had previously beenused by Reichenbach f. and that a previousname, Blephariglottis x bicolor Rafinesque, hadbeen published. Luer also failed to include alocation for the type, which, if the specificname schweinfurthii were available, wouldhave rendered it invalid. In June of 1968 JohnBeckner meticulously pointed these problemsout and then proceeded to make a newcombination and status for the plants as

Habenaria x bicolor (Raf.) Beckner.

With the restoration of Platantheraconspicua to species level the epithet x bicolor cannot be used as it applies to those plants with



14

P. blephariglottis as a parent. Therefore a newname is need for this hybrid combination.

Platanthera x lueri P.M. Brown notho-species nova

Planta inter Platanthera conspicua

(Nash) P.M. Brown et Platanthera ciliaris (Linnaeus) Lindley, intermedia in habitu etcolore florum; floribus plerumque bulbulinumvel luteolum; vel proprietatibus specierummixtis.

Plant intermediate between Platantheraconspicua (Nash) P.M. Brown and Platantheraciliaris (Linnaeus) Lindley in habit and floralcolor; flowers commonly buff or pale yellow,with the features of the species intermixed.

Type: UNITED STATES: Florida,Nassau County. 8 September 1966. J. Beckner 1553 (holotype: FLAS 103702). Photos: Luer,

American Orchid Society Bulletin 34(4): 324April 1968; Native Orchids of Florida , 1974,page 140, plate 39:6. NANOJ 8:70. 2002. Colorplate 2.

ETYMOLOGY: named in honor of Carlyle A. Luer, M.D., eminent orchidist, whoso well documented this hybrid in his 1968publication.



15

Additional specimen examined: Florida:Bradford County. 2 miles northwest of Brookeron SR18, S1, T17S, R19E. A.A. Will s.n. 12August 1961. FLAS 81551. Annotated: Largecolony of plants that range in color from acreamy yellow to bright orange; growing in

roadside ditch in moist flatwoodsLiterature Cited:Ames, O. Notes on Habenaria . Rhodora 10:70. 1908.Beckner, J. 1968. The correct name of a natural hybridin Habenaria . American Orchid Society Bulletin 36(6):480-482.Bentley, S. 2000. Native Orchids of the Southern

Appalachians . pp . 152-53.Brown, P.M. 1997. Wild Orchids of the NortheasternUnited States. pp. 134-35.-----. 2000. Recent taxonomic and distributional notes

from Florida 7. The genus Habenaria. NANOJ 6: 148-158.Lindley, 1835, Genera and Species of OrchidaceousPlants , 291.Luer, C.A. 1968. A natural hybrid in Habenaria .

American Orchid Society Bulletin 34(4): 323-24; colorplate 304.-----. 1972. Native Orchids of Florida , p. 141, plate39:6.Nash, 1896. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 23:100.

Reddoch, A.H. & J.M. Reddoch. 1993. The species pairPlatanthera orbiculata and P. macrophylla . Lindleyana8:171-187.Sheviak, C.J. 2002. Orchidaceae in Flora North

America , vol. 26. pp. 567-568.



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Sheviak, C.J. & M. Bowles. 1986. The prairie fringedorchids: a pollinator isolated species pair. Rhodora88:267-90.Small, J.K. 1903. Flora of the Southeastern U.S. 313,1329.Stoutamire, W.P., 1974. Relationships of the purple-fringed orchids Platanthera psycodes and P.

grandiflora . Brittonia 26:42-58.



17

CORALLORHIZA MACULATA VAR. MEXICANA IN THE SOUTHWEST?

Ronald A. Coleman

Corallorhiza is a mycotrophic orchidgenus of eleven species that are with oneexception confined to the Americas. Thestructure of the rhizome in several speciesresembles coral, hence the plants' commonname of coralroot. The residual leaves are mere

sheaths on the flower stem and the plants areessentially rhizome, stem, and flowers thatappear above ground only to bloom.

Perhaps the best known of theCorallorhiza is the spotted coralroot , C.maculata . Corallorhiza maculata is widelydistributed in North America from Canada intoMexico, and is the most common coralroot, andprobably the most common orchid, in Arizonaand New Mexico. In Arizona and New MexicoCorallorhiza maculata usually inhabits dry,open forest, between 5,250 feet and 10,500 feetelevation. The blooming season stretchesbetween late May and mid- July.



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Corallorhiza maculata var. mexicana Mexican spotted coralroot



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The common name of spotted coralroot derivesfrom the white three-lobed lip, which is usuallydotted with few to many reddish or purplishspots. The sepals and petals are often shades of brown. However, the botanical literature isresplendent with color forms of C. maculata .

Corallorhiza maculata forma immaculata (Peck) Howell refers to flowers with whiteunspotted lips. Corallorhiza maculata forma

flavida (Peck) Farwell, applies to plants of lemon yellow with yellow flowers except forpure white unspotted lips. Corallorhiza maculata forma punicea (Bartlett) Weatherby& Adams has bright reddish-purple stems withpure white or brightly spotted lips.Corallorhiza maculata forma intermedia Farwell is intermediate in color between C. maculata forma punicea and C. maculata forma flavida . All of these color forms are inArizona and New Mexico.

In addition to the color forms there arethree varieties of C. maculata as recognized byFreudenstein (1997) when he revised the genus.The three varieties can be distinguished by

characteristics of the lip. Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata has parallel or nearly parallelsides on the middle lobe of the lip. Both C.maculata var. occidentalis (Lindley) Ames andC. maculata var. mexicana (Lindley)



20

Freudenstein have broadly expanded centrallobes of the lip, and are separated by the patternof the spots and size of the mentum. Spots onthe western spotted coralroot , C. maculata var. occidentalis cover all portions of the lip,while those on the Mexican spotted coralroot ,

C. maculata var. mexicana are only near thelamellae and at the edges of the central andlateral lobes. The mentum is slightly larger onC. maculata var. mexicana. UntilFreudenstein’s treatment of the genus, C.mexicana Lindley was considered a separatespecies, but he reduced it to a variety of C.maculata .

There is some doubt whether Corallorhiza maculata var. mexicana is in theUnited States. Freudenstein (1997) saidregarding C. maculata var. mexicana that"Some populations from New Mexico andColorado tend to intergrade into these features,but the Mexican plants are surprisinglyuniform." With much delight in 1998 I studieda colony of C. maculata var. mexicana thatappears in every respect to match the

description given by Freudenstein. The colonyis in the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of Tucson and is one of the closest colonies of C.maculata to the Mexican border. The colormarkings on the lip are consistent year to year.



21

Additional study of this colony is necessarybefore it can be stated conclusively that C.maculata var. mexicana is in the United Statessince Freudenstein shows C. maculata var.mexicana far south in Mexico. However theconsistent color markings and proximity to the

Mexican border suggest this colony meritsfurther study.

Literature Cited:

Freudenstein, J. V. 1997. A Monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany . 10: 5-52.

Ron Coleman, 11520 Calle Del Valle, Tucson, AZ85749

Ron is the author of Wild Orchids of Arizonaand New Mexico and Wild Orchids of California . He isa frequent contributor to several orchid publications.



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DID YOU EVER? WONDERS ANDBLUNDERS

The Slow Empiricist

Have you ever gone out wild orchidhunting wanting to find the illusive little devilsso much that your heart leaps at a suspectedsighting up ahead only to be dashed when youcome up to the plant and find you have been

mistaken? Well I have and I always feel a littlefoolish when I make such a mistake. I also feela certain amount of disappointment with myself for falling for such an obvious fooler when Iget close enough to see my error.

There are other times when I havemisidentified a plant and think I have foundsuch and such an orchid only to later discover itwasn't that particular species but a closerelative. Yellow lady's-slippers , Cypripedium

parviflorum , are a good plant to point out inthis regard. The large yellow lady's-slipper , C.

parviflorum var. pubescens , is often incorrectlyidentified as the small yellow lady's-slipper ,



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Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens

large yellow lady's-slipper

Cypripedium parviflorum var.makasin

northern small yellow lady's-slipper



24

C. parviflorum var. parviflorum and var.makasin . I certainly have trouble unless youcan find the two growing side-by-side in thewoodland. That doesn't happen often enoughfor me to be really sure when I sight these

species growing alone in the wild.

To see the differences takes a sureknowledge of the plants. This is where previousstudy of field guides pays dividends. If you area lazy sort, I suggest you take along an expertwho can point out which species you arelooking at when you encounter it in the wild.As an amateur who enjoys all the otherexperiences when trekking after orchids, I findthis last approach is ideal for me. Then I canmarvel at the scenery and inspect other plantsand wild life without having to be bound by theneed to identify particular orchids.

Once in a while, however, I discover anorchid that the expert missed as he or shepassed it by in the singular purpose of findingsaid plant and I with my ever-darting eye

picked up on in my wide flung searches andeclectic viewing. Then I have a superior feelingof wonder that I caught something my mentormissed. You must be careful to know yourcompanion's level of tolerance for ribbing if



25

you are inclined to crow about your discovery.Some folks take their abilities very seriously!

Then sometimes I fall for the need to findan orchid so much that I halt an expedition witha suspected sighting only to go back to the spot

and discover it was some rank fooler thatcaught my desperate eye. Then I feel foolish forhaving stopped the journey and delayed thepleasure of finding the orchids even more. Thisis especially true if my companion and I aresearching for roadside plants driving alongsometimes at 60 miles per hour. I can claim thatthe speed made my misidentification but I stillfeel a certain amount of chagrin at havingcaused the retracing of our steps in vain.

I find that when we are scouting for thevarious species of ladies'-tresses , Spiranthes,that love to grow along roadsides, I am mostoften prone to making an error in sightings.They are so small and delicate in mostinstances that they are very hard to see. Thereare many plants that mimic the Spiranthes look including grasses (when the spike is out of

flower) and plants that have white floweringspikes like colic root, Aletris farinosa .

Then sometimes I have had great successwhen I thought I saw something unusual. My





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halting an expedition if you think you havesomething special. Even if it turns out to wrongyou will have learned something. Even theexperts have been fooled and feel foolish attheir mistake. Lastly, take a page from theyoungsters and apply as much energy to your

quests as you can spare and you should berichly rewarded.

Bon appetite in your orchid adventures!

Your Slow Empiricist



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LOOKING FORWARD

2003

Wild Orchids of Nevada

Orchid Paintings of Stan Folsom

Understanding Platanthera chapmanii

A Hidden Orchid Flora of New Hampshire



29

Don’t Miss

Volume 26 Flora of North America

North of Mexico

Lilieales and Orchidaleswith the entire

Orchidaceae

for the region

Available fromOxford University Press

or on line at

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10638



30

TWO NEW COLOR FORMS FROMTHE MIDWESTERN UNITED

STATES

Paul Martin Brown

The following two new color forms havebeen brought to my attention by Bill Summers,author of Missouri Orchids . They are bothdistinctive enough to warrant names.

Platanthera peramoena forma doddsiae P.M.Brown forma nova .Forma floribus albus conspeciebus diversa.Differing from the species in having pure white

flowersType: United States: Missouri: Butler County.Kirby Turner's property about 4 mileswest/southwest of Popular Bluff. Moist, shadywoods along small creek at head of lake cove.July 4, 1991. (Holotype: photo (Bill Summers).

NANOJ 8: 71, plate 3. 2002.)Etymology: Named for Carol Dodds,discoverer of the original plant.

One flowering plant was observed.Despite widespread, and often large,populations of this species in the central statesthis is the first report of a white-flowered formand was mentioned in Summers book, MissouriOrchids (3rd ed. 1996), p. 48.





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RESURRECTION OF THE GENUSGYMNADENIOPSIS RYDBERG

Paul Martin Brown

The genus Habenaria has historicallycontained several groups of species that havebeen treated in various segregate genera. Thishas evolved from either the merging of speciesinto Habenaria or the segregation of thosespecies into additional genera. Most notable

would be Platanthera and Piperia . Lessergenera would be Pseudorchis , Coeloglossum , and Gymnadenia . These generic concepts arewell received today and are used in most recenttreatments.

Generic concepts such as Limnorchis , Blephariglottis , and Gymnadeniopsis have notbeen universally accepted, although the speciesincluded within those genera seemed welldefined. Species definition is not really thecase in this situation as those species that fallwithin Limnorchis and Blephariglottis formnatural groups. But, the generic concepts of

Limorchis and Blephariglottis appear to fallwell within the generic concepts of



33

Platanthera , and therefore these two generahave not been embraced.

Gymnadeniopsis present a very differentsituation. Rydberg created the genus in 1901 toaccommodate three species of Habenaria that

all had distinctive characters that appeared tobe exceptions to the generic limitations of Habenaria . These included the somewhattuberous roots (found in Habenaria but not inPlatanthera ) and the appendages on the beak of the stigma. These appendages appear to beunique among the species traditionally includedin Habenaria .

Three species of North America orchidsfall within the concept of Gymnadeniopsis :integra , nivea and clavellata . The first two arerestricted to the southeastern United Stateswhile the latter is widespread fromNewfoundland to northern Florida and westbeyond the Mississippi River. The floralmorphology of these three species is distinctamong themselves and also from any otherspecies within that of Habenaria / Platanthera .

But within the concept of Gymnadeniopsis there are two arrangements. The twosoutheastern species, Gymnadeniopsis nivea and G . integra both have two appendages onthe beak of the stigma, the lips with an entire to



34

erose margin and slender spurs, whereas G .clavellata has three appendages and the lip isshallowly three-toothed and the spur thickenedor clavate.

Because of the unclear position of these

three species Wunderlin et al., included nivea in the genus Habenaria , while usingPlatanthera for integra and clavellata . Sheviak (2002) in his generic treatment of Platanthera in the Flora of North America allows thesethree species to fall naturally together at the endof the treatment and states " The column of Platanthera nivea is similar to that of P. clavellata andP. integra and unlike that of other Platanthera species.The columns of these three species bear two pairs of

appendages. In P. nivea , on either side of the columnand flanking the anther sacs, a cushion-like flapsimulates a pollinium; below these structures, elongatedslender processes parallel the basal margins of the lip,similar to the situation in Habenaria . Together with itsnon-resupinate flower and perhaps elongate-spheroidaltuberoids, these characteristics suggest that this speciesshould not be included in Platanthera . ……In commonwith Platanthera nivea and P. integra , the column of P.clavellata bears a series of lateral projections that aredirected forward; the upper pair is elaborately adorned

and may be glandular. It appears that this species isinappropriately placed in Platanthera . …As inPlatanthera clavellata and P. nivea, the column of P.integra bears two pairs of lateral processes. In P.integra , the distal structures are essentially sessile andcushionlike, as in P. nivea , but the proximal are short,



35

stout, club-like, and bear several stout horns. Thetuberoids of P. integra are abruptly swollen intooblong-cylinders, somewhat like those of P. nivea .These three species evidently form a group apart fromPlatanthera ."

The only author in the latter half of the

20th

century to embrace Gymnadeniopsis wasW.J. Schrenk in his “Compilation of theOrchids species of the United States and theVirgin Islands” ( Die Orchidee 28:98-104.1977 ). Because Rydberg made newcombinations for Habenaria integra , nivea andclavellata no new combinations were needed.Schrenk made the new combination forGymnadeniopsis clavellata var. ophio-glossoides when he published his checklist. Nonew combinations are needed at this time.

Gymnadeniopsis RydbergBritton, Man. Fl. N. U.S. 293. 1901.

Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michxaux)Rydberg Britton, Man. Fl. N. U.S. 293. 1901.Synonyms:

Orchis clavellata MichauxFl. Bor.Am. 2:155. 1803.

Habenaria clavellata (Michxaux) SprengelSys. Veg. 3:689. 1826.Platanthera clavellata (Michxaux) Luer



36

Nat. Orchids of Fl. 148. 1972.

Gymnadeniopsis clavellata var.ophioglossoides (Fernald) W.J.Schrenk

Die Orchidee 28(2): 69. 1977.Synonyms:

Habenaria clavellata var. ophioglossoidesFernald Rhodora 48: 161. 1945.Platanthera clavellata var. ophioglossoides(Fernald) P.M. BrownWild Flower Notes 3(1): 21. 1988.

Gymnadeniopsis integra (Nuttall) RydbergBritton, Man. Fl. N. U.S. 293.Synonyms:Orchis integra NuttallGen. N. Am. Pl. 2: 188. 1818.

Habenaria integra (Nuttall) SprengelSys. Veg. 3:689. 1826.Platanthera integra (Nuttall) Gray ex Beck

Bot. U.S. ed. 2 348. 1848.

Gymnadeniopsis nivea (Nuttall) RydbergBritton, Man. Fl. N. U.S. 293.Synonyms:

Orchis nivea NuttallGen. N. Am. Pl. 2: 188. 1818. Habenaria nivea (Nuttall) SprengelSys. Veg. 3: 689. 1826.Platanthera nivea (Nuttall) Luer



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Nat. Orchids of Fl. 146. 1972.

In 1983 Fred Case described a rarehybrid between Platanthera clavellata var.ophioglossoides and P. blephariglottis as P.xvossii . With the reinstatement of the genus

Gymnadeniopsis a new nothogenus andcombination is needed. The following isproposed.x Platanthopsis P.M. BrownPlatanthera Lindley x Gymnadeniopsis Ryd-bergSubsequently a new combination is needed toaccommodate Platanthera x vossii .x Platanthopsis vossii (Case) P.M. Brown comb. nov. Basionym: Platanthera x vossii Case

Michigan Botanist 22: 141-144. 1983.



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Gymnadeniopsis clavellata G. clavellata var. clavellata var. ophioglossoides little club-spur orchis northern club spur orchis



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Gymnadeniopsis integra and G. nivea yellow fringeless orchis snowy orchis



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ORCHIDS OF NORTHERN MAINEby

Olof O. Nylander

This facsimile printing of Nylander's very rarework on Aroostook, County, Maine orchids is the resultof locating a few copies in the dusty basements of libraries and historical societies in northern Maine. Thehand-written annotations are those of Nylander on whatwas his personal copy. Because they are faint and didnot reproduce well I have transcribed them as best Ican. They cover many years of additional work.Nylander was a prodigous naturalist and prolific writer

on the natural history of northern Maine. Many thanksgo to the late Martin and Pearl Rasmussen of Caribou,Maine, who assisted me in locating Nylander's personalcopy. They were privileged to live for many years inwhat had been Nylander's home in Woodland. I, aswere many others over the years, was taken to some of the Nylander sites by Martin. Unfortunately, the black and white photos are only of fair quality, but it will givethe reader a feel for what Nylander was documenting.

This work has been published under twodifferent names. Our Northern Orchids (note this name

at the beginning of the species accounts) was theoriginal name and published by the Star-HeraldPublishing Co. (newspaper) in Presque Isle, Maine in1935. Shortly thereafter it was reprinted in pamphletformat which was sponsored by various civic clubs andretitled it Orchids of Northern Maine . .PMB



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Annotations by O.O. NylanderNumber correspond to species account. The

original publication has no page numbers.3. few in flower for just weeks in June 19384. many in flower in May 19386. two were very dark purple colored flowers

coll(ected) June 8, 1938 in Limestone bog17. coll(ected) July 7, 194024. Grindstone on Presque Isle stream July 24,

1939, several fine plantsfollowing 31. Ibidium lucidum H.H. Eaton was

collected near the Aroostook River 193545. C. maculata var. albida Peck was collected

on Omogo jou Mt. Near Presque Isle, Maine July 3,1935 OON

The original publication did not have page numbers.The two blank pages are part of the original pagination.







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RECENT PUBLICATIONS

CONCERNING NORTH AMERICANORCHIDS

Three major orchid publishing events

have occurred in 2002 of interest to NorthAmerican native orchid enthusiasts.

In January, from the University Press of Florida, Wild Orchids of Florida by PaulMartin Brown with drawings by Stan Folsom;in March from Cornell University Press, Wild Orchids of Arizona and New Mexico by RonColeman; and in December the long-awaitedvolume 26 of Flora North America thatcontains the Orchidaceae with treatments of thevarious genera by a variety of orchid specialistsincluding Chuck Sheviak, Paul Catling, PaulMartin Brown, Larry Magrath, Ron Coleman,Roger Hammer, and many others.

The following information gives detailsof each book and ordering information. Booksmay be ordered directly form the publishers,

through most booksellers, and in some casesdirectly from the authors if you wish signedcopies.



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Wild Orchids of FloridaUniversity Press of FloridaISBN 0-8130-2439-0409 pages Flexi-bind-$24.95, cloth- $50.00Over 400 color photographs and drawings of 118 species and varieties found throughout

Florida; synonyms, recent literature citations,distribution maps, and extensive additionalmaterial.1-800-226-3822hhtp://www.upf.comauthor email: [email protected]

The Wild Orchids of Arizona and New MexicoCornell University PressISBN 0-8014-3950-7248 pages cloth-$39.9532 pages of annotated color photographs anddetailed descriptions, and natural history of 35species and varieties.1-607-277-2211http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/ author: [email protected]

Flora North America , volume 26

Oxford University PressISBN 0-19-515208-5723 pages, cloth-$120.00The Orchidaceae is pages 490-651. In additionto the technical keys and descriptions, each



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species is accompanied by a small mapshowing the general distribution and linedrawings of selected species. Also includes anexhaustive Literature Cited and index.http://www.oup-usa.org/ 1-800-445-9714

COMING FROM THE UNIVERSITY PRESSOF FLORIDA IN MARCH 2003

THE WILD ORCHIDS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO

by Paul Martin Brown with drawings by Stan Folsom247 pages, 295 color photos, 247 drawings, appendix,glossary, checklist, bibliography, index; durableflexibindingISBN 0-8130-2571-0 cloth $49.95ISBN 0-8130-2572-9 Flexibind $27.95





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Pl.ate 2: top- Platanthera xlueri ;bottom- Platanthera xbeckneri



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Plate 3: top- Cypripedium kentuckiense formasummersi ; bottom- Platanthera xdoddsiae photos by Bill Summers



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Plate 4: top left- Corallorhiza maculata var. mexicanaphoto by Ron Coleman; top right: Gymnadeniopsisclavellata ; bottom- G. integra ; G. nivea .

Documents

2002 Compilation North American Native Orchid Journal