2009 START Research Review Online

8/8/2019 2009 START Research Review Online

1/27

w | 2009acenterofexcellenceoftheU.s.departmentofhomelandsecuritybasedattheuniversityofmaryland

nationalconsortiumforthestudyofterrorismandresponsesto

2009researchrev


2/27

2 vw | 2009

About START

heonlConsorumorheudyoerrorsmndesponseso

errorsm,knownsSTART,openedsdoorsnJnury5.Ismsson:

ousese-o-he-rheores,mehodsnddromhesoclnd

behvorlscencesobeerundersndheorgns,dynmcsndsocl

ndpsychologclmpcsoerrorsm.

Fundedbynnl$mllonCeneroExcellencegrnromheU..

eprmenoomelndecurys(DHS)cence&echnologyrecore,

STARTslgnedwhhedrecoresumnFcors/Behvorlcences

vson.STARTlsorecevessupporromunswhnDHS,ncludnghe

FederlEmergencyMngemengencyndhernsporonecury

dmnsron,ndromoherederlsources,suchsheonlcenceFoundon,heonlInsueoJuscendheeprmenoeense.

STARTsreserchsnendedobenehomelndsecuryproessonls

heederl,sendlocllevels.Ioersnsghsnompornpolcy

ssues,ncludnghowodsruperrorsneworks,reducehencdence

oerrorsmndenhncehereslenceosoceynheceoerrors

hres.STARTsmjorreserchresreerrorsmgroupormonnd

recrumen,errorsgroupperssencenddynmcsndhesocel

mpcoerrorsm.hesehreeocusresrebsedonhedevelopmenl

cycleogroupsemployngerrorsm,whchrcessorgnsrdclzon,

lespnoperonsndnervenonsndmpccommunyreslence.

STARTlsodoesworkhcuscrossllhreeosmjorreserchres,

whprojecssuchsheGloblerrorsmbse,nopen-source

dbseonerrorsevensroundheworldsnce97.

occomplshsmsson,STARTbrngsogehermul-nsuonl,

muldscplnryemoexpers,ncludngcrmnologss,polclscenss,socologss,psychologss,geogrphers,economss,hsorns

ndpublchelhexpers.WhdmnsrveofcesheUnversyo

Mrylnd,STARTworksncollboronwhnerly5flensuons

romroundheworld.

Inddon,STARTsdedcedornngndmenorngnew

generonoscholrsndnlysscpbleoexmnngquesonsbou

hebehvoroerrorssnderrorsgroupsndhowsoceescnbes

prepreordelngwherrorshresorrespondngoerrorscks.

STARTsupporshehomelndsecurypolcycommunybygenerng

scencllyvldedndngshnormoperonsndpolces

nvolvngerrorsmprevenon,hredeecon,counererrorsm,

preprednessndresponse,communyrecoveryndrskcommuncon.

In9,STARTrecevedCerceoecognonromheDHScence

ndechnologyrecore,OfceoUnversyProgrms,recognzngs

ousndngconrbuonsohesecuryohenonbydevelopngheGloblerrorsmbse.

2 Leer rom he recor

3 oe rom he Edors

421 F d pj

4 ers nd Mnds

6 Underlyng Movons

8 Moscs o Mnory Volence

10 Crmnl Volence nd errorsm

12 Mgne or errorsm?

14 oxc Connecons

16 eerrence or Bcklsh?

18 Publc Prepredness or errors

20 Communy eslence

2229 pj mm

22 errors Group Formon

nd ecrumen 24 errors Group Perssence nd ynmcs

26 ocl esponses o errors hres nd cks

28 Ongong Projecs

30 eserchers

31 Educon Progrms

32 CredsNatiatitStTiaRtTi,9 a D


3/27

START oers insights into importantpolicy issues, includin how to

disrupt terrorist networks, reducethe incidence o terrorism andenhance the resilience o societyin the ace o terrorist threats.

nationalconsortiumforthestudyofterrorismandresponsesto

00researchrev


4/27

2 vw | 2009

Letter from the Director

Welcome to the first edition of the START Research Review,ndhnkyouoryourneresnhe

workoheonlConsorumorheudyoerrorsmndesponsesoerrorsm(START).

heunderlyngphlosophyoSTARTshundersndngcomplex,globlphenomenonsuchs

errorsmrequreshebesndhebrghesromdscplnescrosshebehvorlndsoclscences.

Moreover,wessumehnosngleunversyorreserchnsuehsmonopolyonllohebes

mehodsndknowledge.ccordngly,STARThsssembledmul-nsuonl,muldscplnryem

whresercherspproxmely5unversesndreserchnsuesroundheworld.Usngse-

o-he-rmehods,romexpermenldoeldsurveys,romsophscedqunvenlyses

ocsesudes,STARTsconrbungodeeperundersndngohesourcesoerrorsmndhebes

wysorsoceesocounercndmgeerrorsmseecs.sU..eprmenoomelnd

ecuryCeneroExcellence,STARTbrdgeshecdemc,governmenndprvereserchsecorsndendevorsoconsnlymprovehequlyohenlyssproduces.

Unversyscenssrdonllyhvepublshedheresulsoherreserchnechnclrepors

ndproessonljournls,whchrenowdelycrculedmongpolcymkersndnon-cdemcs.

Ourreserchemhsbeenseekngwysoshresmpornndngsnlessrdonlwys.hs

rsedonohesah viwseresocusesonshor,hghlyvsulsummreshhghlghsome

oourmjorreserchdscoveresromhepsyer.Forexmple,ddyouknowhhevsmjory

ocksbyoregnn-mercnerrorsgroupsrecrredounhehoscounryoheerrors

grouprherhngnsheU..homelnd?Orhmercnsremuchmorelkelyoprepreor

nurlhzrdslkeerhqukesndorndoeshnorerrorsm?

hedebehndheSTARTsah viwsogveredersnovervewoprojecshwehve

oundespecllyneresngndhhvendngsrelevnonon-cdemcs.Ocourse,orhose

whmorespeclzedorechnclneress,welsoprovdenormononhowoobncomplee

scencreporsorechohesudesrevewedhere.PlesevsourWebsewww.stat.md.do

ndmuchmoredelednormonboureserch,educonndourechopporunes.

hnkyougnoryourneresnSTART.Ihopehhsovervewoourworkwllencourgeyouoexmnemoreullyourreserchndoconsderhowhesendngseceorsocounererrorsm.

ncerely,

G LF, it


5/27

vw | 2009

Note from the Editors

Since it began operations in 2005 ,STARThssupporedmorehnreserchprojecsdesgned

oexpndourknowledgeohesoclndbehvorlspecsoerrorsm.oughlyhlohesewere

nedn5,ndhlhebegnnngoSTARTssecondreserchcyclen.swouldbe

expeced,heerlerseoreserchprojecsshemosmure,sosheresulsoselecono

heseprojecshweshowcsenhe9sah viw,STARTsrssuchpublcon.

WebegnexplorngSTARTsreserchbyhghlghngnneosreserchprojecsnwhwehope

rederswllndobeccessblevsulzonsooencomplexopcsndmehodologes.Weseleced

rommongSTARTsprojecshosehhvelredyyeldedconcreendpolcy-relevnndngs,len

hemselveswellovsulrepresenonndrepreseneddversyoSTARTsreserchhemes.

hepresenonoheseprojecsdeprsromhesndrdcdemcorm;ndeed,hs

reecsheprmrypurposeoheviwomkeSTARTsreserchccessblendneresngonudencebeyondrdonlcdem.hejourneyowrdshecreonoheviwcovered

unmlrbulwysneresngground,yewehvecomeobelevehhsprccesvluble

oneorencourgnghencorporonoscencreserchndngsnorel-worldproblemsolvng

nddecsonmkng.hesmeme,werelzehnorderorheresulsoSTARTsreserchobe

kenserously,hescencebehndhemmusbernspren.hereore,weprovdehyperlnksorech

oheprojecsdescrbednherevew,whchwllkerederseherdreclyomorecomprehensve

descrponsohereserchnvolved,oroprojecpgeowhchddonlresourcesreledohe

projecwllbeddedsheybecomevlble.

Follownghehghlghedprojecs,weprovdebrenroduconsncludngsummryndngs

wherevlbleoechoheoherreserchprojecslunchedn5.Weencourgerederso

exploremorecloselyhoseprojecshspurhernereshroughhelnksprovdedorbyconcng

STARTdrecly.WelsosuggesvsngheSTARTWebsewww.stat.md.d,whchconnsr

moreexensvecolleconoreserch,polcyndeduconresourceshncnbedescrbedhere.

errorsmndsvrouscuses,processesndeecsonsoceyrelkelyoremnpromnen

securyconcern.hebesresponsesohshrerehosedrvenbyclerundersndngohesephenomen,nundersndnghmusbebseduponsoundscencreserch.Wehopehhe

presenonoSTARTsreserchnheollowngpgeswllbrodenyourhnkngonhesessues

nddemonsrehevluehhesoclscencescnbrngoddressngsuchvlproblemss

prevenngrdclzonhledsovolence,selecngpolceshvodexcerbngerrors

cksndbuldnggreerreslencenourcommunes.

ncerely,

G . ndMw

eserchevew 2009 Edits


6/27


7/27

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Methodology Psreserchhsdemonsred

posverelonshpbeweennndvduls

needorclosureorneedorcernynd

chrcerscsocollecvsm.hreeprelmnry

sudeswousngunversysudensndhrd

nvolvngelderlyuchrespondenssuppor

heollowngconcluson:Ingenerl,someone

whhgherneedorclosuresmorelkelyo

seekn-groupdencon,supporough

counererrorsmpolcesndpreerrgdleder

overnopen-mndedone.Usngdromhe

STARTInernonlurveyseep.,reserchers

ssessedheneedorclosuremong,7

respondensnEgyp,PksnndIndones,s

wellsherorenonsowrdcollecvscgols,ncludnglevelsossoconwhrelgon

ndnon.

esercherslsolookedorhepresenceo

collecvscswch.Expermenlevdence

hdndcedhbohrecllondexernl

eedbckboupsluresweressocedwh

showrdcollecvsmoverndvdulsm.

onvesgehsnheconexoIslmc

exremsm,heInernonlurveysked

respondensbouheexenowhchheyhve

succeededonherpersonlgolsndwheher

prensmjorgolshouldbeoensureh

herchldrenconrbueohernonndher

relgonndcngcollecvscorenon,or

ohelphemnpersonlsuccessconssen

whnndvdulscorenon.

Ls,reserchersesedhelnkbeween

collecvsmndsuppororvolencenboh

nInernesurveyo,respondensrom

Muslm-mjorynons,ndnhece-o-ce

InernonlurveysnPksn,Indonesnd

Egypwholnumbero,7respondens.

hesurveyskedrespondenswheherhey

prmrlydenedsnndvdulors

membersohernonorrelgonndssessed

hersuppororcksgnsheU..mlry

ndU..cvlns.

results hehreechrsrghshowhe

vergeresulsorechcomponendscussed

bove.llnlysesconssoMuslm

respondensonly.

ottoie hereserchndceshn

lesseverlMuslm-mjorycounres,

hghneedorclosurehs,lowoleronor

uncernyslnkedocollecvscgols,nd

hosewhlowerlevelsopercevedsuccess

emphszecollecvscgolsorherchldren,

suppornghedehpersonlluremy

rggerswchromndvdulscocollecvsc

gols.Collecvscgolsrenurnlnkedo

hgherlevelsosuppororcksgnsboh

Wesernmlryndcvlnrges.hesendngsrempornbohordenynghose

mosrskorsupporngorenggngnerrorsm,

swellssuggesngoclponsorcounerng

suppororerrorsmnheIslmcworld.

Formorenormononhsprojec,plesevs:

www.stat.umd.edu/rR09/poj2.

Underlying MotivationsT R U, F Ex

Arie Kruglanski

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failure

failure

toleranceforuncertainty

tolerance

foruncertainty

toleranceforuncertainty failure

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needforcertainty

failure

su

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success

need

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failure

success

The diagram at let illustrates various paths to individualism, collectivism and the

connection to support or terrorism that highlights this research. w | 2009


8/27

w | 2009

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Methodology ARsd-drvennlycleorocusedonorgnzons

hclmorepresenehncgroups

deemedobemnoresrsk.ARghers

normononbohvolenndnon-volen

orgnzons,llowngorcomprsonsbeween

hewo.heprojeccollecsdon5vrbles

overme,nheollownggenerlcegores:

nznL

eg deology ledershp grevnces

nzn- Ln

eg represson negoons

xnL pp

eg oregn se dspor

nznL B

eg ypes rges nd locon

o volence

ARhsdenedorgnzons

represenngheneressoehncgroupsn

heMddleEsndorhrclsednhekey

belowoperngbeween9nd.

Results helemosclellusreswhere

orgnzonslllongheproes-volence

connuum,whorgnzonsdsplyng

greerlevelsovolencerherohe

rgh.crossheopohemoscre

lsedorgnzon

sgncnlywhe

predleconorvo

oechlereprese

whchheorgnz

Fyoheseorg

volencenpursun

hveckedonl

ssecuryorces

orgnzonshvoncedurnghsp

numberoorgnz

smllerperceng

volencenowsco

lrgerproporo

orproess.Ishou

whchermnen

developmensnI

ottoie Or

democrcgols

polcsrelesslk

Orgnzonsh

governmens,h

hrecevesuppo

morelkelyousev

henumberoorg

pursungelecorl

resulopolcll

shuspromsng

colleconwllexe

Europe,ouhs

oheMddleEs

slsounderwy.

Formorenorm

www.stat.umd.edu

Key lw rbs zerbjns Berbers ruze

Kurds MroneChrsns Plesnns hrws

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Mosaicof Minority ViolenE- z E

Jonathan Wilkenfeld, Amy Pate & Victor A

RGz MR

LkL RG vL F :

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RGz L

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9/27


10/27


11/27

w | 2009 w | 2

FR RG RL F R URU R U

GFL RL R URU R U

URvLR RL R URU R U

Ecooiceeddedessohostcoutry

hemorehegroupshoscounryrdeswhhe

Unedesorheworld,hegreerhelkelhood

hgroupwllpursueoruseRNwepons.Why?

Perhpsbecusecounreshenggenmore

rdereusullybeernegredwhglobl

owsoknowledgendmerlsneededoproduce

RNwepons.

Alliaces henumberollncerelonshps

ormedwherrorspeersssronglyreledo

pursuoRNwepons.Why?Probblybecuse

neworkconneconsreuseulnovercomnghe

knowledgendmerlsbrrersneededon

RNweponscpbly.llnceembeddedness,

whchreecshedehhellnceshmer

mosrehosewhgroupshrehemselveswell-

conneced,sevenmoresronglyreledoRN

weponspursuhnhebscllncecoun.

Orgaiatioaleershi errorsgroups

whlrgermembershpsremorelkelyohve

memberswhskllsneededobulddevce.Lrger

groupsmylsohveccessogreerbseo

nnclndmerlsuppororRNconsrucon.

Ournlyssweklysupporshsconcluson,.e.,

he%levelosgncnce.

Statesosorshi esponsorsmyhelp

errorsorgnzonsgnccessoresrced

knowledgendmerlsneededobuldRN

wepons.Conversely,non-sesmywsh

okeephererrorsclensromusngRN

weponsorerhhesponsorwllbeheld

ccounbleorheclenscons.heevdence

supporshelerconcluson.

Techologydeveloet(i

aita) Inheory,errorsorgnzonshosed

nechnologcllydvncedcounresmynd

eserondmerls,equpmenndsklled

personnelhngroupsbsednless-dvncedhoss.

Inprcce,hssnorue.Why?Possblybecuse

nInerne-enbled,globlzedworldmkes

eserocqureknowledgendporousborders

mkepossbleornserscrcemerls.

Religiousideology cholrshvesuggesed

hrelgouslynspredorgnzonsremore

lkelyopursueRNerrorsm.heresulsdd

nosupporhsssumpon.elgousgroups

remorehoroughlylledwhonenoher,so

relgonmersonlynsorscles

llnces.Inc,relgonmycullybe

plceholderorbundleooherchrcerscs

hhelpopredcRNuse.

Orgaiatioalage Iwshypoheszedhhe

longererrorsgrouphsbeennoperon,he

morelkelysobebleodevelopheexperse

ndresourcesneededorRNckndhe

morerusredmghbecomewhconvenonl

cks.However,olderorgnzonshseeko

belegmepolclorgnzonsmyevenully

belesslkelyouseRNwepons.Weoundwek

evdence.e.,%sgncnceorhscomplex

relonshp.

oxic Connections Oz F U

Ackerman, Victor Asal & . Karl ethemeyer

earsocivilwar omeheoressugges

hledorsressedsesremorelkelyo

provdehvensorerrorsorgnzonsndher

developmenoRNwepons.Ourresulssugges

heoppose:hemoreyersocvlsrenhehos

counry,helesslkelygroupsherereoseekRN.

errorsgroupsndsurbedsesmybemore

ocusedonndbleouseconvenonlmehods,

mkngRNweponslessrelevn.

Culturaleeddedessohostcoutry

CulurlnegronwhheWessproxedby

henumberoMconldsresurnsnhegroups

hoscounryendsoreducehelkelhoodoRN

pursuoruse.CounresexposedoWesernnorms,

suchshebhorrennureoRNwepons,

myrnserhosesndrdsoerrorsenes

bsedhere.

Ieeriece esulsshowhnexperenc

groupsdenedshosewhohvecommed

orewercksrelesslkelyoempoRNwepons,possblybecusegroupsneed

buldupoperonlexpersendsel-cond

beoreempngocqurehem.

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Methodology Oneresonorhepucy

oreserchnhsrehsbeenhelcko

comprehensvedonerrorsorgnzons.

Menngulresulsreonlypossbleone

compresorgnzonshhvepursuedor

usedRNweponsohevsmjoryhhve

no.esercherslevergeddromhe

MonereyWepo

dbse,heGlob

errorsOrgnz

swellsnewlyco

sgncnceosev

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errorssdecson

hereserchem

odon95err

99nd5,nc

pursuedRNwe

Results errors

seekodevelopor

1 re bsed n s

economc conn

ndor

2 re embedded

srucures nd

3 Hve lrge n

Conrryosugge

reserchersled

beweenRNpurs

deologyorses

provdesmorede

swellsoncoreducedlkelhood

ottoie On

errorsgrouppur

quesmll:o

nherenlmon

opredcngheu

nlysssuggess

menonedeure

lkelyopursue

mjoryosuchg

olookechyp

wellsoherype

smeurcells

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nderlydeeco

Formorenorm

www.stat.umd.edu


12/27

w | 2009

oughall

a,97

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ervce(SAS)crry

ourgeedkllngs;

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A.9,97D.5,975

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percenowhomwere

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dology oreserchdeerrennd

hdynmcs,STARTreserchersnlyzed

cksbyepublcnerrorsorgnzons

hernIrelndrom99o99,scoded

Globlerrorsmbse(TD)nd

menedbyddonlevensnheConc

onheInerne(AN).hecks

dhosebynoonlyheIrshepublcn

RA),bulsooherepublcngroupssuch

rshonlLberonrmyndheIrsh

LberonOrgnzon.

nervenonshSTARTesedwerehe

rew,nernmen,OperonMoormn,

mnlzon/Ulserzonprogrm,nd

ghllndGbrlrrgeedssssnons

ureordels.hesenervenons

osenbecuseheywerewell-knownnd

eheyrepresenedvreyocrmnl

ndmlryresponses,sndcednhe

BecuseohecomplexyoheconchernIrelnd,numberoconrolvrbles

dedoccounorrvlexplnons.

rblesncludedhenumberormed

norhernIrelndoneyerproro

ck;nndcor,Bloodyundy,h

conrolsorhepossbleescloneecs

romhspvolncdenn97;henumbero

Loylscksdurngheprevousmonh;he

successoecherrorssrkebsedonhe

speccmehodsemployedndnon-errors-

reledcrmendcrmnlvolenceoverme.

herngeocounererrorsmnervenons

provdesndequeesohempco

counererrorsmmesuresondeerrence

ndbcklsh.hemodedversonoCoxproporonlhzrdmodelccounedorhe

vronbeweencksnorderoesme

hempcoechnervenon.

Results epublcnerrorscksroseer

heFllsCurewndnernmennves,ell

erOperonMoormnnducueddurng

hecrmnlzonprogrmusednhele97s

nderly9s.generlrendonncrese

nepublcncksollowsheLoughllnd

Gbrlrncdensn97nd9,respecvely.

ottoie hreeohesxBrsh

nervenonsnernmen,crmnlzon/

UlserzonndGbrlrnorhernIrelnd

producedbcklsheecnncresedrsk

ouurecks.OnlyOperonMoormn

resuledndeerreneecdecresedrsko

uurecks.FllsCurewndLoughllwere

nosgncnoreherbcklshordeerrence.

hsreserchlrgelysupporsheconenonh

hrshmlryndcrmnljuscenervenons

nresponseoerrorsmndpolclvolence

reoenunsuccessulndcnevenbe

counerproducve.hepoenlexssopply

deerrenndbcklshmodelsoddonlres

opolclconc.Iremnsobeseenwheher

smlrnervenonswouldhvesmlreecsohoseseennorhernIrelnd.



eterrence or Backlash? B

I

Laree, Laura ugan & aven Korte


13/27

w | 2009 w | 2

b,START

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dology hesurveywsconduced

nprl7ndFebruryon

nvesmpleo,householdsnhe

nlUnedes.hreehgh-vsbly

ewYorkCy,LosngelesCounynd

erWshngon,.C.,rewereover-

dsohgenerlzonscouldbemdeo

wellsohenonswhole.

veyexploredourquesons:

t have meicans done to pepae fo

ist acts and disastes?

t steps have meicans taken to avoid o

ce exposue to teoism?

t motivates meicans to pepae fo

ism in paticula, to pepae fo disastes

neal and to avoid teoism isk?

can policy and pogams to incease public

iness fo teoism accomplish moe?

nreserchndheorybouwh

eshouseholdrednessbehvor,d

lecedonhemnycorshmgh

publcredness,ncludng:psevens

nced;heypes,sourcesndchnnelsover

whchnormonhdbeenreceved;cves

hrespondenshdobservedohersdo;he

percevedeecvenessoderenprepredness

ndvodncecves;sel-reporedknowledge

bouerrorsmprepredness;perceveduure

rskodssershcouldechehome,

communyndnon;percevedreslenceosel,

communyndnonouuredsserevens;

perceponsohecompleenessndhonesyo

normonprovdedbygenceshelocl,se

ndnonllevelsndsndrddemogrphcchrcerscs.hedwerehennlyzedusng

seresosophscedssclmodels.

Results hendngsdescrbeheseo

preprednessndrskvodncebehvor

hroughouhenon,nprculrnewYork

Cy,LosngelesCounyndheWshngon,

.C.,rendcrosshenonsmjorrcl/

ehncmnorygroups.rongndclerevdence

wsdscoveredbouheundmenlprocesses

hmovemercnsoprepre,processes

hurnedouobeconssencrossll

geogrphcresndehncsubpopulons.

Mossurprsng,heresulsreveledhpeoples

perceponsbouheleveloerrorsmrsk

orherrusnlllevelsogovernmendono

echerpreprednessbehvor.Whmers

mossheknowledgepeoplehvebouwh

odoopreprendhoweecveprepredness

slkelyobe.hssgoodnewssncemples

hherereplblephwysbywhchpublc

rednessorerrorsmndoherdsserscn

bencresednheUnedesbyexpndng,

mprovngndrepengpublceduconnd

normoncmpgns.



m pb p

opryngoconvncepeopleheyrersk:Ihsnogood

eeconpublcpreprednessorvodncebehvor.

Provdepublcnormonromsmnyderensourcesnd

whsmuchconssencycrossllmessgesspossble.

srbuenormonoversmnyderenchnnelsspossble,

soenspossblendoverexendedperodsome.

ellpeoplewhheyshoulddoopreprendwhereondou

morebouhowodo.

ellpeoplehowherconscnreduceherlosses;dongve

hemrskesmes.

upplemenmessgeswhphysclndsoclcues.

Mkepublcrednessvsblendubquous.

Gepeopleolkbourednesswhechoher,oencourge

mllngorvrleec.

A portion o the survey examined the preparedness or

avoidance actions Americans have taken. Preparedness

actions surveyed included whether respondents had

developed emergency plans, stockpiled supplies, purchased

things to make them saer, learned more about terrorism,

duplicated important documents or become more vigilant.

Respondents were also asked about avoidance actions,

specifcally whether they had avoided travel by plane, train

or public transportation, changed their handling o mail,

avoided certain cities, avoided tall buildings or avoided

national landmarks. This fgure illustrates the responses

received rom 3,300 survey respondents.

ublic Preparedness for Terrorism N D Ex

a ourque, ennis Mileti, Megumi Kano & Michele Wood


14/27

w | 2009

b

k

-

.START

CART

.CART

k,

,bq

.BbCART,b

.

Methodology ARTsnnegredpckge

hprovdesgudnceonhowosmule

communymembersocommunce,o

denyndnlyzecommunyproblems,nd

okecon.herssepnheARTprocess

socollecdemogrphcsndnervewnd

surveykeyskeholders.Communymembers

resurveyedonems,whchrngerom

wheherheyeelconnecedohercommuny

owheherheybelevehhecommuny

prepresordssers.hessessmenprocess

cnbemodedwhhehelpoprnersnhe

communy,developngunquereslenceems.

nlyssocommunysrenghsndchllenges

consueshenexsepnheARTprocess.

hsnvolvesenggngocusgroupsnd

employngohergroupprocessessuchshe

elphmehod,nomnlgroupechnque,nd

nfnydgrm.Fnlly,heprocesscn

urnosregydevelopmen,mplemenon,

nddopon,swellsddonlssessmen

cves,whchprovdeeedbckhroughou

heprocess.heresulsheconsruconoproleohecommunyhprovdesn

ssessmenooverllcommunyreslenceo

errorsmnddssers.

Results hreem

reunderwy.n

generngresden

ncommunyrene

neghborhoodsn

ARTsconrbung

preprednessprog

neghborhoods,w

communy-wde

5,resdenss

rechmulpleconbsedsupporor

seconddmnsr

recenlybeencom

sgeordenc

reslencegolsn

orfledvolun

resbegnnng

voluneersnden

orbuldngcomm

ottolie ss

hroughARTsmul

nlyssndcon.

communyssel-w

ndcollboronu

reslenceoerrors

doeshecommuny

whoprcpenh

knowledgeoheco

wellsheroleoh

ndmgonoer

heExendedCom

eslenceool(A

developmen,wll

ndnsrumensc

ncludegeoreeren

neghborhoodour

ART-wlldenyprepredness,resp

Formorenorm

www.stat.umd.edu

Y

COECOMMUIYEILIECEIEM*

1 cvely prepre or uure dssers

2 Work wh gences ousde he communy

3 Bul nrsrucure

rods schools hospls rnsporon sysems

4 People eel lke hey belong n he communy

scuss ssues o mprove he communy

6 wreness o communy ssues

ervces nd progrms o help people er dsser

8 People hve hope or he uure

People help ech oher

10 compeen workorce

11 People re reed rly

12 People know where o go o ge hngs done

13 People re ble o ge he servces hey need

14 Eecve leders

1 Emergency servces durng dsser

16 Communcon wh leders

1 url resources ol pors rmlnd

18 sser prevenon

IEMOHOW

1 People commed o he well-beng o he communy

20 People creng soluons o mprove he communy

21 Communy lerns rom ps successlures

22 Communy solves problems o rech gols by developng

skl ls nd ndng resources

23 Communy ses uure gols nd prores

*Eachitemcontibutestotheoveallesilienceofacommunity.

heCARTsuveyalsoincludesdemogaphicsanditems

developedinconjunctionwithpatnesinvolvedinany

paticulaimplementation.

Community ResilT R T

etty Pfefferbaum, ose Pfefferbaum &

w | 2


15/27

vw | 200922

-Q

atiat

eborhC

t

njpek,usnllenndvdPyne

Rati

hat tnds an b idntid ass

mssags m al-Qaidas ladship?

tnds in th lads mssags lat t th

atins al-Qaida?

ta

tRaii

hsprojecexmnescommuncon

rendsn57messgesdelveredv

vdeondheInernebyOsmbn

Ldenndymnl-Zwhr.he

resercherssudedEnglshrnslons

ohesemessges,developngcodng

schemesodenyhemesndrgorously

nlyzelngugepernswhnhe

messges.Fndngshusrndceh

communconbyl-Qdsledershp

chngesovermenresponseopolcl

chngesnhenernonlren.he

hemesevolvedromhehreoU..

orcesnheMddleEsowhl-Qd

presenedsU..wronIslm.

Formorenormononhsreserch,vs:

www.stat.md.d/rR09/pj10.

M w

atiat

ereyM.Ble

Rati

hat a sm th ky haatistis

th vais ndgnd Islamist

ganizatins and jihadist ntwks

pating in th st? pial mphasis is

plad n idlgis, plitial and statgi

bjtivs, ganizatinal stts,

gistial and patinal apabilitis and

dmntd ativitis.

ta

tRaii

heprojecexmnedprmrysources

ncludngdeologclreses,Webses,

publcsemens,judclmerlsnd

reporsproducedbypolcendsecury

servcesndrelblesecondrysources

wrenbyscholrsndjournlss

delngwhIslmsgroupsndneworks,

ncludngjhdscells.hereserchnds

hIslmsgroupsoperngnheWes,

howeverdversendconlzed,endo

llnooneohreeprmrycegores:

proselyznggroupshhvedoped

grdulslong-ermsregyoIslmze

heWeslkeheMuslmBroherhood,

exremelyrdclgroupshemporrly

eschewvolenceorbohheologclnd

cclresonslkezbu-hrrnd

heso-clledjhdss,.e.,volenrmed

groupsobsessedwhwgngjhdo

hesword.hereserchlsorevelsh

heosensblynon-volenIslmsswho

reemployngsophscedgrduls

sregyonhegemonyoverMuslm

dsporcommunesnd,ulmely,o

IslmzeheWessel,myposehe

greeslong-ermsecuryhreohe

Wes.



M u

u Gu

-

atiat

JonhnWlkeneldndVcorsl

t

nhonyLemeux

Rati

hat ats an nag gp

mbilizatin? hat is th t sial

and psnality ats n an individal s

sppt xtmist viws and tatis?

hat is th impat sltiv inmatin

n th pbability that an individal will viw

tism as lgitimat apppiat?

ta

tRaii

eserchersperormedscenro-bsed

smulonexpermensnvolvnghumn

prcpns,swellsqunvenlyses

oheresulngd.Fndngsrevelh

hghlevelsogrevnceprculrlyn

heormooppressvedscrmnon

hvehepoenlomoveerrors

cks,prculrlymongpeoplewhore

hgheronhepsychologclscleoocl

omnnceOrenon,mongseverl

ohersrucurlndsocl/personly

corshwereunderconsderonnhs

reserch.



U..

atiat

BerUseemndObeClyon

Rati

hat a th sial dynamis gading

th spad xtmist idlgis amng

pisns? hat a U.. tinal

agnis statgis ntlling th spad

ths idlgis?

ta

tRaii

Usngnervews,STARTreserchers

colleceddonhepresenceordcl

deologesmongnmesndonhe

sregesndpolcesdevelopedby

correconlgencesonhbher

spred.nlysesrevelhhelevel

oprsonerrdclzonnheUned

essmodes.Orderndsblyn

U..prsonshvebeenchevedsresulosrucuredreorms;prsonofcls

hvesuccessullymplemenedeorso

counerhemporonordclsm;

ndcorreconlledershvenused

n-rdclzonnohemssonoher

gences.oneheless,heprobbly

oprsoner-generederrorsmsbove

zero,ndconnuedvglncesneeded.

hesregesorcurbngrdclzon

ncludecloselymonorngrelgous

personnelwhoprovdeservceson

educonndoherprogrmmng

buldnmescondencenheru

ndeecvecoordnonwhexe

lwenorcemenoensureherpd

ccureowonormon.

Formorenormononhsreserc


M u

u

: L

atiat

ouglsM.McLeod

t

FrnkP.rgrove

Rati

hat a xtmists mmniatin

statgis in th anas in Indnsia:

mdia, ntnt atd by xtmist g

inlding b sits and intpsna

mmniatin? hat is th lativ im th mdia mpad t th mbili

mhanisms in Indnsian sity?

ta

tRaii

STARTreserchershvebegunusng

conennlyssocodendclssy

mssmedsourcesndhvecondu

reserchonmoblzonprocesses

Indones.eserchdemonsres

mgeryreledoheIslmchsor

concepoheClphssrongmo

whnMuslmdscourse,ndhp

zelosreoenswepnohepol

expressonojhdwhleendngs

sudygroups.hereserchlsosug

hmssmeddonohvepus

nordclsm.e.,medpersus

rher,heyhvepullrolenwh

rdcllyorenedMuslmsseekou

hreechernernlneress

renorceexsngpredsposons.

Formorenormononhsreserc

www.stat.md.d/AR09/pj14.

Project Summaries | Projects Launched in 20052007 gp Fmn nd mn


16/27

vw | 2009

atiat

usnCuerndnshengGuo

Rati

hat is th histial and ggaphi

distibtin tist ativity? Fth,

what a th ntxtal sial, plitial and

nmi nditins in latins wh

tist ativity s?

ta

tRaii

heprojecnvolvedgeo-reerencng

lldonerrorevensncludednhe

Globlerrorsmbse,mergedwh

geo-reerenceddromheMemorl

InsueorhePrevenonoerrorsm,

heCenreoreence&Inernonl

ecuryudesndheeeprmen.

dvncedsplmodelngssessedboh

me-ndlocon-bsedpernsnhe

d.esulsshowherrorsncdens

nheUnedesrelrgelyproduco

mercnscnggnsdomescrges

hroughouhenon,whconcenronsnheorhes,FlordndheMdwes,

swellsonheWesCos.



atiat

ClrkMcCuley

Rati

Can w dvlp a dynami mdl th

intatins btwn tist atin and

stat spns?

ta

tRaii

errorsscounonseresponseo

hercksordclzendmoblze

errorssymphzers.eresponse,o

heexenhnjuresorourgeshose

lesscommedhnheerrorss,does

orheerrorsswhheycnnodoor

hemselves.hssheerrorssregy

ojujsupolcs:usnghegovernmens

greersrenghgnssel.Counerng

hssregyrequresvodngcollerl

dmgenghngerrorsmndcrmnl

juscemehodsypcllyproduceless

collerldmgehnwrre.From

hsperspecve,dynmcmodelohe

nerconsbeweenerrorsconnd

seresponsewllneedoncludehe

ollowngelemens:pprslohe

mpcoerrorscon,ncludngpublc

semens,onerrorsmsymphzers,

errorsmsupporers,possblymulple

udencesnhesecked,nd

possblyrelevnbysndergroupsnd

ses;pprslohempcose

responses,ncludngpublcsemens,

onerrorsmsymphzers,errorsm

supporers,possblymulpleudences

nheseckedndpossblyrelevn

bysndergroupsndses;nd

Connulupdngohesewopprsls

shecycleocksndresponses

connuesoverme.oehhesehree

elemensnsnewogenerlesh

relredymlr:errorsmspolcs,

ndsuccessgnserrorsscnnobe

evluedbycounngdederrorss.



u Mu :

u

atiat

ClrkMcCuleyndophMosklenko

Rati

Und what imstans ds lgal

ativism lad individals t illgal plitial

atin, inlding tism? Can tndnis

twad patiipatin in lgal and illgal

plitial atin ativism vs. adialism b

masd in pplatin svys? hat is th

din btwn slims wh sympathiz

with tist gals and slims wh jstiy

tist attaks?

ta

tRaii

hsprojecnlyzedpollsoBrssh

MuslmsndSTARTsurveysoMoroccns,Egypns,PksnsndIndonesns.

Inlndngssuggesncresnglevelso

symphyorrmnghewronerrorsm

swronIslm.hssymphysno

predcedbyrelgosy.Ispredced

beerbypolclpreerenceshnby

socoeconomcrusronorperceved

dscrmnon.nonechnclprmer

onconcepulzngndmesurng

rdclzonnsurveyreserc

developmen.

Formorenormononhsre

www.stat.md.d/rR09/pj17

x (M

atiat

GryckermnndJereyBl

Rati

In spit thi appant idlgi

dins, might tain adial

lt-wing gps in th st ll

patinal lvl with tansnatin

tist ntwks sh as al-Qai

ta

tRaii

hesudybuldsheoreclm

cross-deologclerrorscoll

ncorporngllncendgm

hemodeldemonsresh,

unlkelyndcngseverlobs

operonlcollboronbew

le-orrgh-wngndIslmsgroupsspossble.hsheore

sbengesedgnsemprc

onwdevreyoerrorsgr

Prelmnryresulssuggessub

cross-deologclrheorclsup

lessevdenceooperonlco

ndhhegreeshrem

romrgh-ndle-wngexrem

undergoconversonoheIslm

seekobrdgehesederen

Formorenormononhsre


Source: Glbal ism atabas


17/27

24 vw | 2009

F

u x u

w : Mu

u x

atiat

vdWesburd

Ra

Bdss,monPerry,lJonhnnd

Glvv

Rati

Hw has th maj hmland sity l

th Isali Pli infnd th tivnss

pli in mbating dinay im and

disd pblms? Hw has it infnd

pbli attitds twad and xptatins

al pli agnis?

ta

tRaii

hsprojecsusngcommunysurveys,

hsorclnlyss,nlysesopolce

dndnervewswhcommuny

members,communyledersndrered

polceofcls.Inlndngssuggesherrorshreshvesgncnmpc

uponpolceperormnce.Overll,shre

evelsrse,clernceresoousndng

csesdeclne.Ishypoheszedh

enonoerrorsmdrwsresources

wyromrdonlpolceuncons.

hesmeme,ncesndownswh

rgerbmjoresheeecohre

sreversed,whhghererrorshre

evelsssocedwhhgherclernce

res.Ishypoheszedhhghres

osurvellncenheseresdurnghgh

hreperodsledoheobservedresuls.

urngheecondInd,suppornd

generlposveudesowrdhepolcencresed.shehredeclned,

publcudesreurnedoprevous

ndevenlowerlevels.hesendngsre

hypoheszedoreecrllyeec

durngperodsohghhre.



u- :

-v

atiat

EmmnuelKrgnns

ndClrkMcCuley

Rati

hy has Hizb t-ahi mgd in Cntal

sia? s Hizb t-ahi, a nn-vilnt

adial Islami ganizatin in Cntal siaand lswh, psnt a viabl altnativ

t militant Islam, ds this gp sv as

a sppt nit tist gps with simila

plitial gals .g., al-Qaida th Islami

vmnt Uzbkistan?

ta

tRaii

Inervewswereconducedwhscholrs,

securyexpers,mullhsndmms,

journlss,dploms,governmenofcls

ndgroupsymphzersnKzkhsn,

Kyrgyzsn,jksn,urkmensn,

Uzbeksn,Lebnon,GreBrnnd

hePlesnnerrores.Fndngs

suggeshherseozbu-hrrn

Cenrlshscomplexorgns.re

economccondonsnheregonhve

provdederlesolorIslmsgroups

egerochngehesoclorder,lkezb

u-hrr.lso,zbu-hrrhsbeen

bleomoblzesupporhroughsocl

neworksndnormlnsuons,nd

hssold,myserous,nnclresources.

Moreover,somepeoplerercedo

heprospeconIslmcgovernmen

propgedbyhegroupdueohelcko

legmechnnelsorproesgnshe

uhorrngovernmensoCenrls.

Inddon,zbu-hrrhsrmeds

msnwyshwllgenerepopulr

ollowng.Fnlly,hedsnegron

oheoveUnonhsproducedn

deologclvcuummongCenrlss

devouMuslmshhsbeenlledby

zbu-hrr.hesudylsocompred

zbu-hrrwhvolenIslmcgroups

nCenrlslkel-Qdndhe

IslmcMovemenoUzbeksn.zb

u-hrrsnerpreonoerlyIslmc

hsoryexplnssnon-volenpolcl

mehodology.hereore,hegrowng

populryozbu-hrrnCenrls

suggesshepossblyoencourgng

rdclIslmhdoesnosuppor

errorsm.



M u? x

U M

u

atiat

Gryckermn

Rati

hat a th bhavial and thnlgial

mhanisms bhind hangs in th instmnts

t? hat is th t mging

thnlgis n tists wapns sltin,

patilaly in th ntxt s-alld wapns

mass dsttin (WMD)?

ta

tRaii

hesudyocusesuponvrousmodelso

echnologclchngehrebegnnng

obeusednsoclscence,prculrly

heconcepodsrupveversussusnng

echnologes.hsssupplemenedby

csesudesoweponsnnovonnd

duson.Prelmnryndngsconrm

hmnyohesrucurlelemens

onnovondusondescrbednhe

busnessoperonslerurepplynhe

cseoweponsngenerlndDn

prculr.pecclly,hechoceodop

newweponsnodeermnedsolelyby

nsrumenlconsderonsosregc

orccldvngebuslsouncon

oculurlcompbly,orgnzonl

dynmcsndndvduludes.



: x

G

atiat

onelldellPor

Ra

MnuelCnndCludusWge

Rati

hat is th nat th latinship a

xtmist gps in Italy and Gmany,

hw d ths latinships impat th

bhavis gps? Hw d xtm

wing adial gps am thi agnda

idlgy t nag mbilizatin

gvnmnt atin?

ta

tRaii

Csesudeswereconducedon

exreme-rghpolclpres,pol

movemensndsubculurlsknhe

groupsnIlyndGermnyusng

omehodologesndsourcesode

herderenproperesrmensoclneworknlyssndproes

nlyss.nlysesshedlghonhe

cognvemechnsms,communc

dmenson,movonsndworldv

orgh-wngrdclzon.ocln

nlyssbsedononlnelnksbewe

exremsrgh-wngorgnzo

ndceshIlnndGermnex

groupsncresnglyuseheInerne

propgnd,recrumenndnern

communcon.owever,derence

emergedbeweenhewoconexs.

Ilnexreme-rghneworkppe

beveryrgmened,hghlydverse

dfculocoordnepolcephlonework,wheresheGermnne

sdenserndmuchmoreconcenr

onewcenrlcorssrsruc

hesederencesremnlydueo

polclopporunysrucuresnh

counres.showedhheex

rghnbohcounresusesvre

reperorehppelsovrous

consuences.Formsoconde

Project Summaries | Projects Launched in 20052007 gp pn nd dYnm


18/27

vw | 2009

ypeogroup,buheyrelsompored

romopposegroupsheleswells

hesubculurlmleu.Esclondevelops

oendurngconcswhheperceved

enemy:helesnhe97s,bulso

mgrns.Fnlly,looknghermes

usedbyheexremergh,weound

mxordonlvluesndnnovve

subculurlelemens.Especllyn

Ily,heopposonocvlrghssoen

brdgedwhconservvenerpreonoCholcsm.speccconemporry

elemenshereerenceossuessuch

sgloblzonoroprecrous

generon.



w

w

atiat

Vcorslnd.Krlehemeyer

Ratihat a th lsts tist gps

nntd by thi ngagmnt in simila

tist atins? Cnvsly, what lsts

tist atins .g., hstag-taking,

bmbing, siid bmbing, t. a nntd

by th tist gps pptating thm?

ta

tRaii

hereserchemhscolleceddeled

normononhemoslehlerrors

orgnzonsoperngroundhe

worldsnce95,whdcolleced

seresomenervlsoverhegroups

exsence.heresulnd,knowns

heBg,lledndngerousdse,

ncludesnormononorgnzonl

chrcerscs,ncludngdonllnces

oechgroupwhohererrors

orgnzons,swellswhoher

orgnzonsbohvolenndnon-volen.

ochscnlysesohesenewd

ndcehsomeorgnzonsreprone

oconnecordspreresons,ndh

heenemyomyenemylogc,deology

ndregonlcorsrekeyconsderons

nheormonocross-groupllnces.

Inlnlyseslsondcehhemos

neworkederrorsorgnzonsrelso

hemoslkelyobelehl.



U Gu

atiat

ClrkMcCuley

Ra

GryLFree,LurugnndJuleung

Rati

Hw and why d gps dsist mtism? what dg is dsistan

tiggd by ats intnal t an

ganizatin vss bing tiggd by

xtnal nsidatins?

ta

tRaii :

hsreserchocusedoncsesudesn

whchgroupsshowedsuddendessnce

romerrorsm,nmelyherm

ecrermyorheLberon

heJusceCommndosohe

Genocde,ndheIslmcGrou

ssclmehodwsused

mpcsospeccevensonh

ogroupcks.esulsndc

rpddemseoerrorsgrou

oncolleconocors,nclud

ledershpspls,groupsson,

securebse,dsporsuppor

symphzers.obly,rpdd

ollowederrorsmskesn

rgengbeyondwhsymp

supporerswouldcounennce

Formorenormononhsre


LG

N Tit t a

1

2

61

163

3610010121

N Tit t Stat

04 14

134

3106

1031

gLBLmdB(gd)

heGloblerrorsmbse(TD),drecedbyGryLFreendLurugn,connsnormononover,errors

cksrom97o7ndsnowhemoscomprehensveunclsseddbseonerrorsevensnheworld.Moreh

wodozenSTARTreserchprojecsrecurrenlyusngheTD,ncludngreserchonheeecvenessocounermesuresuse

bygovernmens,hempcoerrorssregesonherblyosusncks,hesplconcenronoerrorscoverme,heexenowhcherrorsmoccursnwves,ndcsesudesospeccerrorsgroupsnderrorscvywh

counres.PublcpolcynlysshroughougovernmenrenowusngheTD.InMrch9,heTDrecevedcerce

orecognonromheeprmenoomelndecuryscencendechnologyrecoreorsconrbuonsohelpn

governmendpsregesorcounerngdedlycks.

gdgLg:

Identiesmorethan27,000bombings,12,000assassinationsand2,900kidnappingssince1970

Includesinformationonthedateoftheevent,targetandlocation,typeofattack,numberofcasualties,perpetrator

suspecedorknownndoverohervrblesorecheven

Providesdetailsonmorethan1,200terroristeventswithintheUnitedStatessince1970

Compiledusingmorethan3,500,000newsarticlesand25,000newssources

Received36,000visitorstotheTDWebsehersmonhwsonlne

occesshelesversonoheTD,vs:www.stat.md.d/gtd.

u.s.terroristevets70007 Source: Glbal ism


19/27

26 vw | 2009

Project Summaries | Projects Launched in 20052007L pn nd K

u:

u

atiat

Moncchoch-pn

Rati

hat is th val ativ llabatins with

itizns and ivil sity gps in ppaing

, spnding t and ving m an

xtm halth vnt sh as bitism?

ta

tRaii

eserchersrevewedrelevnlerureon

hesocologyodssersndepdemcs

ndheheoryndprcceopublc

prcpon,ndheyconducedguded

dscussonsndormlelconrom

expersndprconerswhocomprsed

heprojecsWorkngGrouponCommuny

EnggemennelhEmergencyPlnnng.

Bsedonheormlevdencendonhe

proessonljudgmenoworknggroup

members,hesudycounseledU..decson

mkersobuldpublchelhprepredness

nsuonshncorporeczennpundcollborewhcvlsocey

groups.uchprnershp,heprojec

concluded,wllenhnceofclsbly

ogovernncrss,mprovepplcon

ocommunlresourcesndhelpreduce

nevenssoclndeconomccoss.he

cvcnrsrucurepeoplewholve,voe,

ply,workndworshpogehershould

benvolvednemergencyplnnngnd

cbeore,durngnderneven.Cvc

groupscnhelpofclsdecdendvnce

whogesscrcemedclresources,gved

whenheproessonlscnnobeherend

comorsurvvorsoverme.



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hereserchexmnedpublcnd

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newspperrcles,surveysndrcles

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derenresoheworldncluded

nhrxnrmnmls,oubreksnwool

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20/27

vw | 2009

5exmnedhowmgesoreslence

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elecroncmedservescrclse

orssessngndprcpngnpublc

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suggesculurlderencesnusng

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wheherocomplywhhomelndsecury

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21/27

28 vw | 2009

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Ongoing Research Projects


22/27

vw | 2009

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23/27

30 vw | 2009

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START Researchers


24/27

vw | 2009

Education Programshrough curriculum development, scholarship and fellowshipprograms and intensive research training, START trains and mentorsthe next generation of terrorism scholars and analysts.

p-pl

STARTsPre-ndPosdocorlerrorsmeserchwrdProgrmundso

grduesudensndjunorscholrsperyer.nce5,heerrorsm

eserchwrdshvesuppored7dvncedgrduesudensndjunor

scholrs.Psopcshvencludederrorsgroupsprovsonosocl

servcesoloclcommunes;reconsopolcysmovonorsuppor

oerrorsgroups;locl-levelnellgenceoperonsnmjorces;nd

errorsgroupweponsprocuremen.

p

STARTsUndergrdueeserchProgrm(R)undsveoundergrduesudensperyeroprcpenculy-ledreserch

projecswhleconducngcomplemenryndependenreserch.he

5sudenssupporedbyRundshvesudedopcsncludngrsk

communcondurnghomelndsecurycrses;geogrphcprolngo

crmescommedbydomescr-rghexremsgroups;sepolce

perceponsohresromerrorsndexremsgroups;ndheroleo

personlexperencesosocldenynndvdulsuppororerrorsm.

gly

In,STARTwlllunchnonlne,open-enrollmengrduecercen

errorsmnlyssheUnversyoMrylnd.heprogrmwllprovde

prcpnswhdvncededucononhecuses,dynmcsndmpcs

onernonlnddomescerrorsm.Prcpnswlllsodevelop

hemehodologclskllsnecessryopursuedvncedreserchonnd

nlyssoerrorsm.heprogrmconsssoourrequredcourses:

MotivationsandIntentsofTerroristsandTerroristGroups;

SocietalImpactsofandResponsestoTerrorism;

DevelopmentofCounterterrorismPolicyandPrograms;and

ResearchMethodsinTerrorismandCounterterrorismStudies.

heprogrmcnbecompleednmonhs.Formorenormon,plese

see:www.stat.md.d/stat/datin/gadat_tiat.

m

STARTlsooersnundergrduemnornerrorsmsudeshe

UnversyoMrylnd.Inhscross-dscplnryprogrm,sudensenroll

nsequenceocourses,whheobjecvesodevelopng:

acomprehensiveunderstandingofthetheoriesexplaining

heormonoerrorsgroupsndhemovonsbehnd

errorsbehvor;

acomprehensiveunderstandingoftheimpactofterrorismon

groupsndndvduls;

rsthandexperienceworkinginthehomelandsecurity communy;nd

acapacitytoconductresearchonterrorismusingarange

onlycloolsndreserchmehods.

udenslsohveheopporunyoprcpenreserchsssnshps

onSTART-undedprojecs,speclcoursesreledohesudyoerrorsm

ndSTART-runsudybrodprogrmocusngonWesernEuropen

perspecvesonerrorsmndcounererrorsm.

dlp

STARTsCreerevelopmenProgrmoersundng,cdemcmenorng

ndproessonldevelopmenopporunesorUnversyoMrylnd

sudenswhsrongrecordsocdemcchevemennddemonsred

commmenoheeldohomelndsecury.

lml

urnghe9cdemcyer,STARTwlllunchcollecono

currculummerlsbsedonmjorSTARTreserchprojecs.ponsored

bySTARTsnewCurrculumevelopmenGrnProgrm,modulesn

developmennclude:

OnlineSimulationModeledonNovember2008MumbaiAttacks;

ModularApproachtoRadicalizationandTerroristMotivations;

EngagingandCounteringtheSocialandCulturalMechanismsUsed

byOrgnzonsoMoveucdeckers;nd

RiskManagementandAnalyticTechniques.

ModuleswllbevlblehroughSTARThedqurersndwllbe

ncludednheSTARTOnlneyllbeposory:www.stat.md.d/stat/

datin/syllabi.


25/27

32 vw | 2009

it

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nl

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Univsity EditOfceoPublcons

UnversyoMrylnd

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Blmore,Md.

errorism and its variouscauses, processes and eectson society are likely to remain

a prominent security concern.he best responses to thisthreat are those driven by aclear understandin o thesephenomena, an understandin

that must be based uponsound scientifc research.

Acknoledgements his matial is basd pn wk spptd by th in and hnlgy ditat th U.. patmnt Hmland ity nd gant awad nmbs00140510629 and 2008-ST-061-ST0004, mad t th Natinal Cnstim th tdy ism and spnss t ism (START, www.stat.md.d. h viws and nlsins nin this dmnt a ths th aths and shld nt b intptd as nssaily psnting th ial pliis, ith xpssd implid, th U.. patmnt Hmland ity


26/27

vw | 2009

nly

Cnt Exlln th U.. patmnt Hmland ity

Basd at th Univsity ayland

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CollegePrk,M7

p:.5.

:..9

[email protected]

www.sr.umd.edu

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27/27

Documents

2009 START Research Review Online