20111021 Brockman Rail Corridor ND · mechanical or chemical means including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, in any language, is strictly

OCTOBER 2011

BROCKMAN RESOURCES LIMITED

RAIL CORRIDOR

SHORT RANGE ENDEMIC INVERTEBRATE SURVEY

This page has been left blank intentionally

BROCKMAN RESOURCES LIMITED

RAIL CORRIDOR

SHORT RANGE ENDEMIC INVERTEBRATE SURVEY

Brockman Resources Limited

Rail Corridor SRE Survey

October 2011

iii

Document Status

Approved for Issue Rev Author Reviewer/s Date

Name Distributed To Date

A N. Dight L. Roque‐Albelo 15/12/10 L.Roque‐Albelo J. Greive

1 N. Dight M. Davis 20/11/11 L. Roque‐Albelo G. Firth 21/10/11

ecologia Environment (2011). Reproduction of this report in whole or in part by electronic, mechanical or chemical means including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, in any language, is strictly prohibited without the express approval of Brockman Resources Limited and/or ecologia Environment.

Restrictions on Use

This report has been prepared specifically for Brockman Resources Limited. Neither the report nor its contents may be referred to or quoted in any statement, study, report, application, prospectus, loan, or other agreement document, without the express approval of Brockman Resources and/or ecologia Environment.

ecologia Environment

1025 Wellington Street

WEST PERTH WA 6005

Phone: 08 9322 1944

Fax: 08 9322 1599

Email: [email protected]



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................VIII

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................1

1.2 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................1

1.3 SURVEY OBJECTIVES..................................................................................................................2

1.4 SHORT RANGE ENDEMIC FAUNA: A REVIEW ............................................................................4

2 STUDY AREA ..................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................................7

2.2 BIOGEOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................9

2.3 VEGETATION ...........................................................................................................................11

2.4 LANDSYSTEMS.........................................................................................................................14

3 METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 19

3.1 LITERATURE REVIEW AND DATABASE SEARCHES ...................................................................19

3.2 SURVEY TIMING ......................................................................................................................19

3.3 SITE SELECTION, SURVEY INTENSITY AND ADEQUACY............................................................20

3.4 SAMPLING METHODS..............................................................................................................22

3.5 SRE STATUS .............................................................................................................................24

3.6 DATA ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................24

4 RESULTS.......................................................................................................................... 27

4.1 LITERATURE REVIEW AND DATABASE SEARCHES ...................................................................27

4.2 SURVEY ADEQUACY.................................................................................................................27

4.3 SPECIMENS COLLECTED ..........................................................................................................28

4.4 HABITAT ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................39

5 DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................... 41

6 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 43

7 STUDY TEAM................................................................................................................... 45



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8 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................... 47

TABLES

Table 2.1 – Rainfall Preceding the Survey (Newman Airport Records) ....................................................8

Table 2.2 – Shepherd Vegetation Associations Recorded in the Project Area.......................................12

Table 2.3 – Land Systems of the Project Area ........................................................................................15

Table 3.1 – Taxonomic Experts used to Identify Potential SRE Taxa Found During the Survey .............24

Table 4.1 – Wet Pitfall Specimen Collection Summary ..........................................................................31

Table 4.2 – Forage SpecimenCollection Summary .................................................................................32

Table 4.3 – Habitat Analysis of SRE Sites in the Project .........................................................................39

Table 4.4 – Predicted Percentage Impact for Each SRE or Potential SRE Species ..................................39

Table 5.1 – Summary of SRE Specimens Recorded ................................................................................41

FIGURES

Figure 1.1 – Location of the Project Area.................................................................................................3

Figure 2.1 – Climatic Summary for Newman Airport (BoM 2011) ...........................................................8

Figure 2.2 – IBRA Subreigons of the Project area...................................................................................10

Figure 2.3 –Vegetation Associations of the Project Area.......................................................................13

Figure 2.4 – Land Systems of the Project Area.......................................................................................17

Figure 3.1 – Location of Survey Sites......................................................................................................21

Figure 3.2 – Wet Pitfall Traps .................................................................................................................22

Figure 3.3 – Example of the Leaf Litter Sifter and Tullgren Funnels.......................................................23

Figure 4.1 – SAC of the SRE Fauna Data Using the Observed Number of Species (Sobs Mao Tau) for foraging, pitfall and combined methods and Michaelis‐Menten Kinetic Curve as a Stopping Rule .....................................................................................................................28

Figure 4.2 – Abundance Histogram of SRE Groups ................................................................................29

Figure 4.3 – Location of SRE Species ......................................................................................................30

Figure 4.4 – Beard Vegetation Units and SRE Survey Sites ....................................................................40



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APPENDICES

Appendix A SURVEY SITE DATA .............................................................................................................51

Appendix B WAM DATABASE SEARCH ..................................................................................................75

Appendix C NATUREMAP DEC DATABASE SEARCH...............................................................................93

Appendix D ECOLOGIA DATABASE SEARCH...........................................................................................95



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ACRONYMS

BOM Bureau of Meteorology

DEC Department of Environment and Conservation (formally CALM)

ECU Edith Cowan University

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EP Environmental Protection Act 1986

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1950

FMG Fortescue Metals Group

IBRA Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia

SRE Short Range Endemic

Study area All three potential rail corridors

Project area Rail Corridor Option 2

WAM Western Australian Museum

WC Wildlife Conservation Act 1950



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Brockman Resources Limited has submitted a Miscellaneous Licence (L 45/225) application under the Mining Act 1978 for a railway corridor to connect the Marillana mining lease (M47/1414) to the existing FMG railway infrastructure.

Brockman commissioned ecologia Environment to undertake a comprehensive biological survey of the short range endemic (SRE) invertebrate fauna of the Brockman Rail Corridor (the Project). The primary objective of the biological survey was to provide sufficient information to assess the impact of the Project on the invertebrate fauna by collecting baseline data from the Project and regional areas (the Study area).

This assessment involved a search of the DEC database and, as many SRE species are not formally recognised under Commonwealth and State legislation due to limited knowledge of the species, searches were also undertaken of the Western Australian Museum (WAM) database and of previous surveys nearby. The likelihood of invertebrate species to be considered SREs was determined by WAM taxonomists based on the current knowledge of the distribution and biology of each species.

The primary focus of the SRE survey was isolated, island‐like habitats, while other habitat types were included secondarily. Aerial photographs and vegetation map were initially inspected for likely habitats that could support SREs. A total of 28 wet pitfall trap and 34 hand collection sites were selected within suitable habitats across the Study area. Seven vertebrate fauna pitfall traps were also utilised. The survey was conducted between April and June 2010 during the wet season, as recommended by the EPA guideline.

A range of methods were used including wet pitfall trapping, hand collection and leaf litter collection. Five wet pitfall traps were dug into the ground at each site and left for approximately 1 month, before being returned to ecologia’s laboratory for further sorting and identification. Hand collection consisted of rock‐turning and leaf‐litter searching. Collected leaf litter was also returned to the laboratory and placed on Tullgren funnels to collect any potential SRE specimens. The leaf litter was also examined in the laboratory for any dead snail shells.

More than 500 invertebrate specimens were collected during the survey; however, only 15 individuals represented potential SRE species. These included a single known SRE species (new isopod genus, gen. nov. 2) and four potential SRE species (Succinea sp., Anidiops sp., Eucytops sp. and Aname sp.). Aname, Anidiops, Eucyrtops and isopod gen. nov. 2 were only present in regional areas and will not be impacted by the proposed Project. Succinea sp. was collected from regional areas as well as within the proposed impact area where less than 1% of the vegetation association Succinea was collected from will be impacted, therefore the expected impact is low.

The main conclusions of the SRE survey of the proposed Brockman Rail Corridor were:

• The land systems, vegetation communities and habitats were likely to support SRE groups but were not restricted to the Project area.

• The survey methods were consistent with the EPA Guidance Statement 20 to sample for SRE fauna. Species accumulation curves were used to assess survey adequacy, and these confirmed that the survey was sufficient.

• A total of 31 species were collected during the survey, of which one species was considered a SRE (Isopod gen. nov. 2) and four were considered potential SREs (Aname sp., Anidiops sp., Eucrytops sp. and Succinea sp.).



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• The significance of the impact to Aname sp., Succinea sp., Anidiops sp., Eucyrtops sp. and the new isopod genus, was considered negligible as the species were collected from outside the Project area only.

• The significance of the impact to Succinea sp. is considered low as it was collected in regional areas as well as within the Project area. The species was found within the vegetation association 175, which is widespread across the Pilbara, and less than 1% is expected to be impacted by the Project.



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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

Brockman Resources Limited (Brockman) has submitted a Miscellaneous Licence (L45/225) application under the Mining Act 1978 for a railway corridor to connect the Marillana mining lease (M47/1414) to the existing FMG railway infrastructure (The Project). Three routes were originally developed based on environmental, heritage, economic, engineering and community factors. In consultation with the EPA and DEC, Brockman has selected Option 2 (Figure 1.1) as the preferred route which will have the least environmental impact. Option 2 will run approximately 90 km long and 100 m wide and connect with the FMG Cloudbreak to Port Hedland railway.

The Project will allow Brockman to transport more efficiently their iron ore product to Port Hedland for shipping to overseas markets. This will in turn boost the profitability of the project and allow Brockman to further invest in other mining ventures within the state.

Whilst the operation of the railway will only require approximately 20 people during its life, the construction phase will generate at peak 700 jobs in the region; where possible Brockman will seek to employ local people.

1.2 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

Federal and State legislation applicable to the conservation of native fauna include, but are not limited to, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and the Environmental Protection Act 1986. Section 4a of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 requires that developments take into account the following principles applicable to native fauna:

• The Precautionary Principle

Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, a lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation.

• The Principles of Intergenerational Equity

The present generation should ensure that the health, diversity and productivity of the environment is maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations.

• The Principle of the Conservation of Biological Diversity and Ecological Integrity

Conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity should be a fundamental consideration.

This document includes background information on the project, a literature review of the SRE fauna of Hamersley subregion; particularly in reference to the habitats and environments of the project. The conservation significance of fauna in Western Australia is also outlined.

The document was constructed with a view to satisfy the requirements of:

• The EPA Guidance Statement No. 20: Sampling of Short range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2009); and



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• The EPA Guidance Statement No. 56: Terrestrial Fauna Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2004). In relation to SRE fauna, the guidance statement states that:

Some better‐known SRE species have been listed as threatened or endangered under State or Commonwealth legislation in the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 and/or Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, but the majority have not. Often the lack of knowledge about these species precludes their consideration for listing as threatened or endangered. Listing under legislation should therefore not be the only conservation consideration in environmental impact assessment.

The State is committed to the principles and objectives for the protection of biodiversity as outlined in The National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity (Commonwealth Government 1996). The EPA expects that environmental impact assessment will consider impacts on conservation of SRE species (EPA 2004).

1.3 SURVEY OBJECTIVES

Brockman commissioned ecologia Environment (ecologia) to undertake SRE invertebrate fauna survey of the proposed Brockman Rail Corridor as part of the environmental approval process.

The EPA’s objectives with regards to fauna management are to:

• maintain the abundance, species diversity and geographical distribution of terrestrial invertebrate fauna; and

• protect Specially Protected (Threatened) fauna, consistent with the provisions of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act).

Hence, the primary objective of this study was to provide sufficient information for the EPA to assess the impact of the Project on the invertebrate fauna of the area, thereby informing assessment against these objectives.

Specifically, the objectives were to undertake a survey that satisfies the requirements documented in EPA’s Guidance Statement 20, thus providing:

• A review of background information (including literature and database searches);

• An inventory of invertebrate fauna species occurring in the Project area, incorporating recent published and unpublished records;

• An inventory of species of biological and conservation significance recorded or likely to occur within the Project area and surrounds;

• A description of the characteristics of the invertebrate fauna habitats occurring in the Project area;

• A description of the characteristics of SRE assemblages occurring in the Project area; and

• A review of regional and biogeographical significance, including the conservation status of species recorded in the Project area.

PILBARA

HILLSIDE

WOODSTOCK

MARILLANA

PEAK HESTERBAMBOO SPRINGS

AUSKI ROADHOUSE

CHICHESTER RANGE

660000 680000 700000 720000 740000 76000074

8000

075

0000

075

2000

075

4000

075

6000

075

8000

076

0000

076

2000

0

Coordinate SystemName: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50Projecton: Tr ans ver se Me r cat orDatum: GDA 1994

Figure: 1.1Project ID: 1258

Drawn: AHDate: 29/09/11Location of the

Project AreaA4

K0 9 18

Kilometres1:616,296Absolute Scale -

LegendExistng Rai lFMG RailMarillana TenementProject Area

Unique Map ID: AH395

Project Area

Newman

Karratha

Tom Price

Geraldton

Fortescue Marsh



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1.4 SHORT RANGE ENDEMIC FAUNA: A REVIEW

The decline in biodiversity of terrestrial communities has already been observed both nationally and state‐wide (CALM 2004). There is also an increasing shift in environmental protection from species based conservation to biodiversity‐based conservation (Chessman 1995; Burbidge et al. 2000; McKenzie et al. 2000), and one of the important considerations involved in this is the presence of endemic species.

Endemism refers to the restriction of species to a particular area, whether it is at the continental, national or local level (Allen et al. 2002). This review focuses on SREs, outlines the major paths to short range endemism, the current knowledge of short range endemism in Australia and the conservation significance of such species. It is important to note that the individual taxa and broader groups discussed are not an exhaustive list of all SRE. This is due to the fact that SRE are dominated by invertebrate species, which are historically understudied and in many cases lack formal descriptions. An extensive, reliable taxonomic evaluation of these species has begun only relatively recently, and thus the availability of literature relevant to SREs is relatively scarce.

1.4.1 Processes promoting short range endemism

Short range endemism is influenced by numerous processes, which generally contribute to the isolation of a species. A number of factors, including the ability and opportunity to disperse, life history, physiology, habitat requirements, habitat availability, biotic and abiotic interactions, and historical conditions, influence not only the distribution of a taxon, but also the tendency for differentiation and speciation (Ponder and Colgan 2002).

Isolated populations of plants and animals tend to differentiate both morphologically and genetically, as they are influenced by different selective pressures over time. Additionally, a combination of novel mutations and genetic drift promote the accumulation of genetic differences between isolated populations. Conversely, the maintenance of genetic similarity is promoted by a lack of isolation through migration between the populations, repeated mutation and balancing selection (Wright 1943). The level of differentiation and speciation between populations is determined by the relative magnitude of these factors, with the extent of migration generally being the strongest determinant. Migration is hindered by the poor dispersal ability of the taxon, as well as geographical barriers to impede dispersal. Thus, in summary, those taxa that exhibit short range endemism are generally characterised by poor dispersal, low growth rates, low fecundity and reliance on habitat types that are discontinuous (Harvey 2002).

The historical connections between habitats are also important in determining species distributions and often explain patterns that are otherwise inexplicable by current conditions. Many SREs are considered to be relictual taxa (remnants of species that have become extinct elsewhere) which are confined to certain habitats and, in some cases, single geographic areas (Main 1996). Relictual taxa include extremely old species that can be traced back to the Gondwanan periods (180‐65 million years ago) and have a very restrictive biology (Harvey 2002).

In Western Australia, relictual taxa generally occur in fragmented populations, from lineages reaching back to historically wetter periods. For example, during the Miocene period (from 25 million to 13 million years ago), the aridification of Australia resulted in the contraction of many areas of moist habitat and the fragmentation of populations of fauna occurring in these areas (Hill 1994). With the onset of progressively dryer and more seasonal climatic conditions since this time, suitable habitats have become increasingly fragmented. Relictual species now generally persist in habitats characterised by permanent moisture and shade, maintained by high rainfall and/or prevalence of



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fog. This may be induced by topography or coastal proximity, or areas associated with freshwater courses (e.g. swamps or swampy headwater of river systems), caves, or microhabitats associated with southern slopes of hills and ranges, rocky outcrops, deep litter beds, or various combinations of these features (Main 1996; Main 1999). As a result, these habitats support only small, spatially isolated populations, which are further restricted by their low dispersal powers typical for most SRE species.

1.4.2 Taxonomic Groups Likely to Support Short range Endemism

1.4.2.1 Arachnids (Phylum: Arthropoda, Sub Class: Arachnida)

Four orders of arachnids can exhibit short range endemism: Pseudoscorpiones (false scorpions), Scorpiones (true scorpions), Schizomida (short‐tailed whip spiders) and Araneae (mostly from the Infraorder Mygalomorphae (trap‐door spiders)). Many mygalomorph trap‐door spider species are vulnerable to disturbance and exhibit short range endemism due to their limited ability to disperse. These spiders also have extreme longevity and the long‐term persistence of females in a single burrow (Raven 1982). Mygalomorph spiders are largely considered ‘old world’ spiders and, as such, are generally adapted to past climatic regimes, making them vulnerable to desiccation in arid environments. They use a variety of behavioral techniques to avoid desiccation, the most obvious of which is their burrow, which may reach up to 70 cm in depth (Main 1982). Mygalomorph groups are thus capable of surviving on the periphery of the great central desert region and minor habitats within the general arid regions of the continent. Many mygalomorph spider species are known from the Pilbara region with representatives of the families Nemesiidae, Barychelidae, Actinopodidae, Idiopidae, Dipluridae and Ctenizidae and many potential SRE mygalomorph species are known from locations near the Project area.

Another member of the arachnid class, the Schizomida, is comprised entirely of SREs, with most recorded from single localities (Harvey 2002). Forty‐six schizomid species have been described in northern Australia. Most are known to occur in the entrances to and inside caves, while the remainder occur in nearby habitats (Harvey 2002). No epigean schizomids are known from the Pilbara region (Harvey et al. 2008).

Scorpions (Scorpionida) and pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones) also exhibit high degrees of endemism (Koch 1981; Harvey 1996). Scorpions are popularly thought of as desert animals, although they can be found in most of Australia’s climatic zones.

1.4.2.2 Isopods (subphylum: Crustacea, Class Malacostraca)

There are currently around 10,215 described species of isopod classified into 11 suborders; however, little understanding of the taxonomy of Australian genera exists to date (Judd et al. ; Brusca and Brusca 2003). Numerous species of terrestrial and subterranean isopods belonging to several different genera have been identified in Western Australia with several genera containing known and potential SREs including Pseudolaureola, Buddelundia, Cubaris and Platyarthridae (Judd 2009, 2010a; Judd 2011). SRE isopods have been collected from the Pilbara region of Western Australia (Judd et al. 2008), Judd 2011). Many species have Gondwanan affinities suggesting that relictual habitats originating from much wetter climate periods persist across the State (Main 1987). Due to a lack of taxonomic knowledge and paucity of data, the precise distributions of each species is unknown and more taxonomic work at species level is required before the status of individual populations can be ascertained.



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1.4.2.3 Millipedes and Centipedes (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Myriapoda)

Despite millipedes being highly abundant in soil and leaf litter, and highly diverse at the order level, they are inadequately studied and relatively little is known of their biogeography (Harvey 2002). SRE millipedes known to occur in the Pilbara include species from the genus Antichiropus. All species from this genus are known to be SREs, with the exception of two species Antichiropis variabilis and Antichiropis ‘PM1’, from the Jarrah forests and northern Wheatbelt, respectively. This genus extends from the Nullarbor Plain to the Pilbara region and has been collected close to the Project area.

Centipedes (Chilopoda) are not listed by Harvey (2002) as SRE species; however they have been shown to be endemic to small areas on the east coast (Edgecombe et al. 2002). Examination of the distributions of species featured in the CSIRO centipede webpage also reveals disjunct and isolated occurrences of many species. A number of genera have Pangaean and Gondwanan affinities (Edgecombe et al. 2002). In general, these animals have a relatively cryptic biology, preferring moist habitats in deep litter accumulations, under rocks and in rotting logs, and they have relatively poor dispersal abilities (Lewis 1981). This suggests that they are potential candidates for designation as SREs.

1.4.2.4 Molluscs (Phylum: Mollusca)

Numerous species of freshwater and terrestrial molluscs, belonging to many genera, have been identified in Australia, with most being SREs (Harvey 2002). Restricted ranges of the terrestrial molluscs of the drier northern and Western Australia were noted for a vast number of species (Solem 1997). Some of these species were species from the genera Rhagada and Bothriembryon, which are known to be SREs. Species of these genera have been recorded within the Pilbara region, with some occurring in areas close to the Project area.

1.4.2.5 Worms (Phyla: Annelida & Onychophora)

The taxonomic status of the earthworm family Megascolecidae in Western Australia was revised by Jamieson in 1971. As a result of this study, it was concluded that most of the earthworm genera are made up almost entirely of short range endemics (Harvey 2002). This is also the case with the velvet worms (Onychophorans). Due to several taxonomic revisions that have been conducted (see references within Harvey, 2002), the number of onychophoran species has expanded from six to over 70 species, and a number of species still remain undescribed (Harvey 2002). Very few of these species exceed ranges of 200 km2 and some are restricted to single localities and have high genetic differentiation, indicating very little mobility and high dependence on their permanently moist habitats (Harvey 2002). No terrestrial SRE worms are known from the Pilbara region.



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2 STUDY AREA

2.1 CLIMATE

The Project area is situated in the Pilbara region of Western Australia and experiences an arid‐tropical climate with two distinct seasons; a hot summer from October to April and a mild winter from May to September. Annual evaporation exceeds rainfall by as much as 500 mm per year. Seasonally low but unreliable rainfall, together with high temperatures and high diurnal temperature variations, are also characteristic of the region.

In the past, the region has been known to receive zero rainfall during the year, which is typical of a desert climate (Beard 1975). Within the Pilbara, the temperature range is large and maxima are high. Summer temperatures may reach as high as 46°C, with an annual mean maximum of 31.4°C, while the winter mean maximum is 25°C (ranging from 22–29°C) (BOM 2010). Light frosts occasionally occur during July and August. The climate experienced throughout the year is usually very dry, since high temperatures and humidity seldom occur simultaneously (Beard 1975).

Rainfall in the Pilbara is highly unpredictable, and recordings are highest at stations around the Hamersley Range, which reach altitudes of up to 900 m. The majority of the Pilbara has a bimodal rainfall distribution, resulting in two rainfall maxima per year. From January to March rains result from tropical storms producing sporadic and drenching thunderstorms. Tropical cyclones moving south from northern Australian waters also bring sporadic heavy rains. From May to June, extensive cold fronts move easterly across the state and occasionally reach the Pilbara. These fronts produce only light winter rains, and these are ineffective for the growth of plants other than herbs and grasses. Larger perennial species require the intense and prolonged storms of summer. Surface water can be found in some pools and springs in the Pilbara all year round, although watercourses only flow briefly due to the short wet season (Beard 1975).

The closest Bureau of Metereology (BoM) weather station to the Project area is Newman Airport (site number 007176) located approximately 100 km south of the Project area and was selected to provide an indication of the local climatic conditions of the Project area.

Figure 2.1 and Table 2.1 summarises average climate patterns for Newman. The mean annual rainfall for Newman is 311.6 mm falling over 29 rainfall days. The wettest period is from December to March, when a mean total of 213.3 mm falls over 17 rainfall days; approximately 68% of the mean annual rainfall. The wettest month is February with a mean of 77.0 mm falling over an average of 5 rainfall days (BoM 2010).

January is the hottest month, with a mean maximum temperature of 39.5°C. June and July temperatures range from a mean maximum of 23°C to a mean minimum of 6°C in July (Figure 2.1) (BoM 2011).



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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

RainfallMax. temperatureMin. temperature

Figure 2.1 – Climatic Summary for Newman Airport (BoM 2011)

Table 2.1 shows 2009 consisted of a slightly above average rainfall year, with the majority of rainfall occurring early in the year. The rainfall which occurred in 2010 is significantly below the average with just 69% of the average rainfall having occurred. Three months of over 40 mm rainfall occurred in 2010, two of which preceded the survey in April.

Table 2.1 – Rainfall Preceding the Survey (Newman Airport Records)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Total Monthly Rainfall (mm)

2009 39.0 42.2 122.8 8.2 0.0 39.2 1.8 0.0 0.4 0.4 65.2 1.8 321.0

2010 13.2 8.2 5.6 61.2 4.8 0.2 5.0 15.8 44.6 6.2 5.8 45.8 216.4

Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm)

1971 ‐ 2010 57.2 77.0 41.7 18.4 18.5 14.6 15.1 7.7 3.4 4.9 10.5 37.4 311.6



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2.2 BIOGEOGRAPHY

The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) classifies the Australian continent into regions (bioregions) of similar geology, landform, vegetation, fauna and climate characteristics (DSEWPC 2010). According to IBRA (Version 6.1) the Study area is in the Pilbara bioregion. This is divided into subregions as described below and in Figure 2.2.

2.2.1 Pilbara Bioregion

With an area of 179,287 km2, the Pilbara bioregion is in the largest area class. Other bioregions vary from 2,372 to 423,751 km2, most being between 14,000 and 200,000 km2. The size of the Pilbara bioregion is fairly typical of bioregions situated in remote arid and semi‐arid areas (Thackway and Cresswell, 1995). The Pilbara bioregion is further divided into the Chichester (PIL1), Fortescue Plains (PIL2), Hamersley (PIL3) and Roebourne subregions (PIL4).

Dominant limiting factors and constraints for the Pilbara bioregion listed by Thackway and Cresswell (1995) include extinction of critical weight range (CWR) mammals, wildfire, feral animals (in particular the cat and fox), weeds, and grazing or pastoral activities. The reservation status of the bioregion is 1‐5%, which is relatively low (some bioregions have a greater than 10% reservation status).

2.2.1.1 Fortescue Subregion

The Fortescue Plains subregion covers approximately 11% of the Pilbara region. The dominant land uses are grazing and native pastures. This subregion features alluvial plains and river frontages, extensive salt marshes, and Mulga‐bunch grass and short grass communities on the plains. River gum woodlands fringe drainage lines and an extensive calcrete aquifer feeds numerous permanent springs thus supporting large wetlands in this subregion (Kendrick 2001).

2.2.1.2 Chichester Subregion

The Chichester subregion covers approximately 50% of the Pilbara region. The dominant land uses include native pastures and Aboriginal lands and reserves. The Chichester subregion is described as “Undulating granite and basalt plains (and) include significant areas of basaltic ranges”. Plains consist of an Acacia inaequilatera shrub steppe over Triodia wiseana hummock grasslands with Eucalyptus leucophloia on the (Kendrick and McKenzie 2001).

Fortescue

Chichester

Hamersley

705000 720000 73500075

0000

075

1500

075

3000

075

4500

075

6000

0



Drawn: AHDate: 29/09/11IBRA Subregions of the

Project AreaA4

K0 4 8

KilometresLegendProject Area


1:260,000Absolute Scale -



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2.3 VEGETATION

Shepherd (2001) mapped eight vegetation associations that the Project area crosses and these are described in Table 2.2 and mapped in Figure 2.3. These include: a mosaic of Acacia aneura low woodland in valleys with open low tree steppe of Eucalyptus leucophloia and Triodia wiseana hummock grasslands (562); sparse low woodland with isolated clumps of Mulga (Acacia aneura) (29); Acacia pyrifolia shrub steppe over Triodia pungens hummock grassland (173); Acacia pyrifolia shrub steppe over Triodia pungens and Triodia wiseana hummock grassland on basalt (93); hummock grasslands and shrub steppe with Eucalyptus gamophylla, Hakea sp., Acacia sp. over Triodia open hummock grassland (111); Tecticornia spp. and other samphires succulent steppe (676); Triodia wiseana grass steppe (157); and sedgeland occasionally with heath (175).



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Table 2.2 – Shepherd Vegetation Associations Recorded in the Project Area

Vegetation Association

Value Description

Total Area in WA (km2)

Area in Project area

(km2)

Percent of Vegetation Association

29 Sparse low woodland; isolated clumps of Mulga (Acacia aneura) 7,914,567.02 1491.03 0.019 %

93 Acacia pyrifolia shrub steppe over Triodia pungens and Triodia wiseana hummock grassland on basalt. 3,055,090.01 133.30 0.004 %

111 Hummock grasslands and shrub steppe with Eucalyptus gamophylla, Hakea sp., Acacia sp. over Triodia open hummock grassland

764,211.43 1315.65 0.172 %

157 Triodia wiseana grass steppe. 503,438.81 64.84 0.013 %

173 Acacia pyrifolia shrub steppe over Triodia pungens hummock grassland. 1,755,316.06 3214.53 0.183 %

175 Sedgeland occasionally with heath. 685,791.27 59.31 0.009 %

562 Mosaic of Acacia aneura low woodland in valleys with open low tree steppe of Eucalyptus leucophloia and Triodia wiseana hummock grasslands.

103,662.41 1496.51 1.444 %

676 Tecticornia spp. and other samphires succulent steppe. 2,078,908.51 124.60 0.006 %

29

676

173

562

111

82

93175

157

700000 710000 720000 73000075

1000

075

2000

075

3000

075

4000

075

5000

0

Coordinate SystemName: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50Projecton: Trans ver se Me r cat orDatum: GDA 1994


Drawn: AHDate: 29/09/11Vegetation Association

of the Project AreaA4

K0 4 8


LegendProject Area




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2.4 LANDSYSTEMS

Land systems are described using the biophysical characteristics of geology, landforms, vegetation and soils (Vreeswyk et al. 2004).

Van Vreeswyk et al. (2004) undertook a regional inventory of the Pilbara region to document the land systems present and the condition of each. The Study area covered 181,723 km2, bounded by the Indian Ocean and Roebourne Plains to the north and west, extending to Broome in the north‐east and the Ashburton River catchment in the south.

The Project area crosses 16 of the land systems (Figure 2.4) mapped by Van Vreeswyk et al. (2004), these land systems are described in Table 2.3. The land system with the highest percent of the total land system in the Project area was Christmas (2.30%).



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Table 2.3 – Land Systems of the Project Area

Land System Description Total Area in WA (km2)


(km2)

Percent of Total Land System

Land type 2 – Hills and ranges with Spinifex grasslands

Capricorn Hills and ridges of sandstone and dolomite supporting shrubby hard and soft Spinifex. 885,952.89 392.44 0.04 %

McKay Hills, ridges, plateaux remnants and breakaways of meta sedimentary and sedimentary rocks supporting hard Spinifex grasslands.

427,470.89 2260.65 0.53 %

Newman Rugged jaspilite plateaux, ridges and mountains supporting hard Spinifex grasslands. 1,999,771.376 1049.99 0.05 %

Rocklea Basalt hills, plateaux, lower slopes and minor stony plains supporting hard Spinifex (and occasionally soft Spinifex) grasslands.

2,893,880.05 1015.08 0.04 %

Land type 6 ‐ Mesas, breakaways and stony plains with Spinifex grasslands

Robe Low plateaux, mesas and buttes of limonites supporting soft Spinifex (and occasionally hard Spinifex) grasslands. 1307.04 2.41 0.18 %

Land type 14 ‐ Undulating stony plains with cracking clay soils and tussock grasslands

Wona Basalt upland gilgai plains supporting tussock grasslands and minor hard spinifex grasslands. 194,821.41 200.14 0.10 %

Land type 17 ‐ Stony plains with acacia shrub lands and halophytic shrub lands

Adrian Stony plains and low silcrete hills supporting hard Spinifex grasslands. 24,508.54 135.53 0.55 %

Land type 18 ‐ Stony plains with Spinifex grasslands

Boolgeeda Stony lower slopes and plains below hill systems supporting hard and soft Spinifex grasslands and mulga shrub lands.

999,608.61 514.31 0.05 %

Macroy Stony plains and occasional tor fields based on granite supporting hard or soft Spinifex grasslands. 1,333,613.73 110.68 0.01 %

Land type 28 ‐ Sand plains and occasional dunes with Spinifex grasslands

Divide Sand plains and occasional dunes supporting shrubby hard Spinifex grasslands. 859,934.63 567.49 0.07 %

Land type 31 ‐ Wash plains on hardpan with mulga shrub lands

Jamindie Stony hardpan plains and rises supporting groved mulga shrub lands, occasionally with Spinifex understorey. 1,188,271.92 27.32 0.002 %



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Land System Description Total Area in WA (km2)


(km2)

Percent of Total Land System

Land type 34 ‐ Alluvial plains with acacia shrub lands

Christmas Stony alluvial plains supporting snakewood and mulga shrub lands with sparse tussock grasses. 23,185.92 533.14 2.30 %

Cowra Plains fringing the marsh land system and supporting snakewood and mulga shrub lands with some halophytis undershrubs.

20,293.62 140.36 0.69 %

Land type 41 ‐ Calcrete plains with Spinifex grasslands

Calcrete Low calcrete platforms and plains supporting shrubby hard Spinifex grasslands. 167,041.86 136.96 0.08 %

Land type 42 ‐ River plains with grassy woodlands and tussock grasslands

Fortescue Alluvial plains and floodplains supporting patchy grassy woodlands, shrub lands and tussock grasslands. 50,417.15 27.32 0.05 %

Land type 43 ‐ Salt lakes and fringing alluvial plains with halophytic shrub lands

Marsh Lakebeds and flood plains subject to regular inundation, supporting samphire shrub lands, saltwater couch grasslands and halophytic shrub lands.

97,668.14 138.93 0.14 %

Marsh Land System

McKay Land System

Jamindie Land System

Newman Land System

Christmas Land System

Boolgeeda Land System

Wona Land System

Rocklea Land System

Calcrete Land System

Cowra Land System

Turee Land System

Marillana Land System

Macroy Land SystemCapricorn Land System

Divide Land System

Coolibah Land System

Fortescue Land System

Adrian Land System

Brockman Land System

Robe Land SystemWhite Springs Land System

Granitc Land System700000 710000 720000 730000

7510

000

7520

000

7530

000

7540

000

7550

000



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Project AreaA4

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LegendProject Area




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3 METHODS

3.1 LITERATURE REVIEW AND DATABASE SEARCHES

This desktop assessment involved a search of the DEC NatureMap database and, as many SRE species are not formally recognised under Commonwealth and state legislation due to limited knowledge of the species, searches were also undertaken of the Western Australian Museum (WAM) database and previous nearby surveys.

3.1.1 WAM Database Search

Ideally, a database search for SRE species would be undertaken of the Project area and surrounding local area. However, as knowledge of invertebrate diversity throughout the Pilbara is very limited, a regional approach was taken. Taxa (Orders) known to contain SREs were searched within the Malacology and Terrestrial Invertebrate electronic databases of the WAM, between 23.8°S and 21.7°S, and 118.5°E and 120.2°E. The list of species obtained represents potential SRE invertebrate species with the potential to be present in the area. None of these species are currently listed under the WC Act; however, this is largely due to inadequate knowledge of their taxonomy, distribution and ecology.

3.1.2 Naturemap Database Search

A DEC NatureMap database search was undertaken in order to determine if any of the species listed by the EPBC Act 1999 or the WC Act have the potential to occur in the Study area.

3.1.3 Previous SRE surveys

Reports from previous ecologia invertebrate surveys near the Study area were examined for SRE species that have the potential to occur. Data were collected from eight projects including:

• Roy Hill (ecologia 2010b);

• Phil’s Creek (ecologia 2009b);

• BHP Billiton Rapid Growth Project 5 rail corridor (ecologia 2008);

• Brockman Resources Limited Marillana (ecologia 2009a);

• Cloudbreak (ecologia 2010a); and

• Firetail (ecologia 2010c).

3.2 SURVEY TIMING

Sufficient rainfall is required for optimal SRE sampling, therefore the optimal sampling period in the Pilbara is during the cyclone season, between November and April (EPA 2009). The survey was completed between April and June 2010. This period coincided with the highest rainfall of 2010 following a below average wet season (Figure 2.1).



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3.3 SITE SELECTION, SURVEY INTENSITY AND ADEQUACY

Survey site locations were selected primarily on the basis of those habitats likely to support SRE invertebrates. Aerial photographs (Google Earth™) and a vegetation map of the Study area were studied to determine the vegetation communities in which the SREs were likely to occur. Micro habitats likely to maintain higher moisture levels and ‘island’ habitats were targeted. A total of 28 wet pitfall sites and 34 foraging sites were selected from the Study area which encompassed all three rail corridor options (Figure 3.1). Sites within corridor options not to be developed became regional sampling sites while the remaining sampling sites became representative of the proposed impact area.



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3.4 SAMPLING METHODS

The survey methods adopted by ecologia are aligned with the EPA’s Guidance Statement No. 20 (EPA 2009a) and Position Statement No. 3 (EPA 2002).

The survey was undertaken using a variety of sampling techniques, both systematic and opportunistic. Systematic sampling refers to data methodically collected over a fixed time period in a discrete habitat type, using an equal or standardised sampling effort. The resulting information can be analysed statistically, facilitating comparisons between habitats. Opportunistic sampling includes data collected non‐systematically from both fixed sampling sites and as opportunistic records gathered during foraging sessions.

3.4.1 Wet Pitfall Trapping

At 28 sites, five wet pitfall traps (Figure 3.2) consisting of a PVC tube (25cm long) and containing 30% Ethylene Glycol and 5% Formaldehyde were dug into the ground so that the surface was flush with the ground level. A receptacle (containing 700 ml of pitfall trapping solution) and funnel (fitting flush to the inside of the pitfall trap) were deployed into each tube and a cover was fitted 3 cm above the tube with steel fittings to exclude medium sized vertebrates and rain, and to deter attention of larger vertebrates. Traps were left open for 40‐50 days, after which period they were cleared.

Figure 3.2 – Wet Pitfall Traps

3.4.2 Leaf Litter Collection

At 34 sites, three quadrats of leaf litter (1 m2 each) were collected and placed separately into a leaf‐litter reducer (Figure 3.3). The contents from each collection was placed into a paper bag inside a zip‐lock bag and kept separate. A small amount of wet tissue paper was placed into each sample to maintain humidity within the sample. Samples were then transported back to Perth in a cool, dark container and subsequently placed on the Tullgren Funnels to extract specimens.



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Figure 3.3 – Example of the Leaf Litter Sifter and Tullgren Funnels

3.4.3 Hand collection

At least one person hour was spent foraging at 34 sites. Opportunistic foraging involved physically searching through microhabitats for SRE’s. The underside of rocks and logs were closely investigated for SRE invertebrates. Snail shells and trapdoor spiders were collected and documented where found.

3.4.4 Laboratory Sorting and Specimen Identification

Tullgren funnels were used to extract litter‐dwelling invertebrates from the collected leaf litter samples (Figure 3.3). The general principle of Tullgren funnels is that a sample of leaf litter is suspended above a vessel containing ethanol. Animals inhabiting the sample are forced downwards by the progressive drying of the sample and ultimately fall into the collecting vessel containing ethanol. Typically, drying is enhanced by placing an incandescent lamp or heat source above the sample.

After the leaf litter samples were processed on the Tullgren funnels, each sample was then examined for dead snail shells, or any other dead animals that were not collected during the Tullgren funnel extraction. Each sample was emptied into a tray and examined using a fluorescent light magnifier. Any dead animals were collected and immediately placed into ethanol.

All samples, whether from foraging or pitfall traps were then sorted under a Stereo microscope into potential SRE groups and sent to the relevant taxonomic expert for further identification. A list of taxonomic specialists used for identification is shown in Table 3.1.



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Table 3.1 – Taxonomic Experts used to Identify Potential SRE Taxa Found During the Survey

Taxonomic Expert Institution Specialist Group

Dr Mark Harvey Western Australian Museum Pseudoscorpions and Myriapods

Dr Volker Framenau Private consultant Mygalomorph spiders

Shirley Slack‐Smith Western Australian Museum Molluscs

Corey Whisson Western Australian Museum Molluscs

Dr Simon Judd Private consultant Isopods

Dr Erich Volschenk Private consultant Scorpions

3.4.5 Vertebrate fauna trapping

Specimens were collected from opportunistic sampling of invertebrate fauna by vertebrate fauna trapping methodology. These sites consisted of dry pitfall traps: five PVC pipes (16 cm diameter, minimum 50 cm deep) and five 20 L plastic buckets (30 cm diameter, 40 cm deep) were established at each site. Seven sites were in suitable locations for opportunistic sampling and are displayed in Figure 3.1.

3.5 SRE STATUS

The likelihood of the invertebrate species to be considered a SRE or not a SRE was determined by expert taxonomists (Mark Harvey, WAM Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates, WAM; Shirley Slack‐Smith and Corey Whisson, WAM Department of Malacology; Volker Framenau, Erich Volschenk and Simon Judd, private consultant) based on the current knowledge of the distribution and biology of each species, as follows:

• No – Not considered a SRE;

• Yes ‐ Current knowledge confirms that this species is a SRE;

• Likely – Current knowledge suggests this species is probably a SRE. However, further research is required to confirm status; or,

• Potential – Current knowledge of this species or group is very limited however, there is the potential for this species to represent a SRE (further research is required to confirm status).

• Unlikely ‐ Current knowledge of this species or group is limited but sufficient to expect the species will have wider ranges

• Undetermined – the life stage (i.e. juvenile) or sex of the specimens collected prevent any identification and therefore a comment on SRE status

3.6 DATA ANALYSIS

3.6.1 Survey Adequacy

There are three general methods of estimating species richness from sample data, extrapolating species‐accumulation curves; fitting parametric models of relative abundance; and using non‐parametric estimators (Bunge and Fitzpatrick 1993; Colwell and Coddington 1994; Gaston 1996). In



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this report, the level of survey adequacy was estimated using species accumulation curves (SACs) as computed by Mao Tao. A SAC is a plot of the accumulated number of species found with respect to the number of units of effort. The curve, as a function of effort, monotonically increases and typically approaches an asymptote, which is the total number of species. In addition, a Michaelis‐Menten kinetic curve was calculated and used as a stopping rules technique. To eliminate features caused by random or periodic temporal variation, the sample order was randomised 50 times. All estimators applied to the data set were performed using EstimateS (version 8, Colwell 2009).

3.6.2 Habitat analysis

Habitat type has been established in the literature as playing an important role in SRE invertebrate diversity. Variability of habitats has been strongly linked with invertebrate species richness and composition. The expectation of this study was to find a relationship between species richness and habitat type, with higher species richness in moister habitats and less in drier habitats.

Statistical analyses were carried out on the data collected from the 62 sites sampled. The primary aim of the statistical analysis was to determine whether the SRE invertebrates of the Project area differ in terms of diversity (number of taxa present) and structure (relative abundance of taxa). In addition, possible differences in SREs between microhabitats/vegetation types were investigated.



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4 RESULTS

4.1 LITERATURE REVIEW AND DATABASE SEARCHES

4.1.1 WAM Database Search

The results of the WAM database search are presented in Appendix B. The search found a total 70 species that are SRE or potentially SRE species. Most of these are mygalomorph spiders, with 41 potential SRE species recorded. One species of araneomporph spider (genus Anyphops), 14 scorpion species Lychas ‘gracilimanus’, L. ‘mjobergi’, L. ‘scottae’, L. ‘spiny hairy tail’, L. ‘waldockae’, Urodacus ‘cloudbreak’, U. ‘linnaei’ and seven undescribed Urodacus species), two centipede species (family Geophilidae and Oryidae) and 10 snail species (genus Bothriembryon, Quistrachia herberti, Q. turneri and one undescribed species of Quistrachia, Rhagada richardsonii, R. tescorum, Gastrocopta larapinta, G. hedley, Pupiodes beltianus and P. eremicola) were also recorded potential SREs. One pseudoscorpion species (Synsphyronus gracilis) and three millipede species from the area (genus Antichiropus) are also considered SREs.

4.1.2 NatureMap Database Search

The results of the DEC NatureMap database search for conservation significant fauna are presented in Appendix C. Three species are listed by the DEC priority list to occur in the Pilbara, two insects (Antipodogomphus hodgkini and Nososticta pilbara) and one mollusc species (Dupucharopa).

4.1.3 Previous Surveys

The results from previous SRE surveys around the Study area are shown in Appendix D. Approximately 17 species were considered SREs or potentially represent SRE species. Mygalomorph spiders contained the highest number of potential SRE species, with seven species (unknown species of the Barychelidae family, genus Conothele, Missulena, Aurecocrypta ‘Chichester’, Aname ‘MYG001’, undescribed species of Aname, and Yilarnia ‘MYG033’) from five of the projects. Some species of araneomorphs (genus (Anyphops), scorpions (genus Urodacus), opiliones (Dampetrus ‘Pilbara1’), pseudoscorpions (genus Austrohorus and Synsphyronus gracilis), millipedes (genus Antichiropus), snails (genus Camaenidae and Bothreimbryon) and isopods (genus Laevophilscia) are also known to be SREs or have the potential to represent SRE species.

4.2 SURVEY ADEQUACY

4.2.1 Species Accumulation Curve

Species Accumulation Curve (SAC) through 50 randomizations of the sample sequence of the complete data set gave a smooth curve, with little change in slope beyond approximately 50 samples (Figure 4.1). New species were accumulated at mean rates of 0.42 species per sample during the first 20 samples, 0.13 species between the samples 20 to 90; 0.07 species per sample between 90 and 166 samples and 0.04 during the final 10 samples. Michaelis‐Menten estimator used as stopping rule detected at the sample 50th that the survey was sufficient at 70% and for the entire dataset; at 174 samples, the sufficiency was approximately at 89%. These results confirm the confidence of the survey efficiency.



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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171

No. of samples

No. of spe

cies

Sobs (Mao Tau) MMMeans (1 run) Sobs (Pitfall) Sobs (Foraging)

Figure 4.1 – SAC of the SRE Fauna Data Using the Observed Number of Species (Sobs Mao Tau) for foraging, pitfall and combined methods and Michaelis‐Menten Kinetic Curve as a Stopping Rule

4.3 SPECIMENS COLLECTED

More than 500 invertebrate specimens were collected during the survey, however, only 15 individuals represented potential SRE species (Table 4.1, Table 4.2). These included one confirmed SRE species (a new isopod genus) and four potential SRE species (Succinea sp., Anidiops sp., Eucytops sp. and Aname sp.). The location of these species is displayed in Figure 4.3.

As typical in SRE surveys, many species were recorded in low abundance, being represented only by singletons and doubletons (Figure 4.2). Their rarity makes it difficult to determine their distribution across the area. The only SRE species represented by a singleton were the spider Aname sp. and the snail Succinea sp. The other four potential SRE species: Eucyrtops sp., Anidiops sp. and the two new isopod species were collected from more than one site. Approximately 73% of the species are confirmed as having distribution spanning to two or more sites.



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185

100

3625 21 19 14 13 13 12 10 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Austrohorus

Buddelundia sp. 20

Buddelundia sp. 14

Meedo sp.

Beierolpium

Oratemnus

Austropeplea cf. lessoni

Isidorella cf. newcombi

Afrosternophorus

Isometroides

Isopoda nov. 2 sp. nov.

Buddelundia sp

Eucyrtops sp.

Conothele sp.

Gyraulus sp.

Kwonkan ̀MYG006`

Succinea sp.

Abu

ndan

ce

Figure 4.2 – Abundance Histogram of SRE Groups



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Table 4.1 – Wet Pitfall Specimen Collection Summary

Class Family Genus Species SRE WPF1 WPF2 WPF3 WPF4 WPF5 WPF6 WPF7 WPF8 WPF9 WPF10 WPF11 WPF12 WPF13 WPF14 WPF15 WPF16 WPF17 WPF18 WPF19 WPF20 WPF21 WPF22 WPF23 WPF24 WPF25 WPF26 WPF27 WPF28

Armadillidae Acanthodillo sp. 6 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Barrowdillo sp. nov 1 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. 10 no 0 0 0 7 6 4 8 12 4 32 20 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. 14 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. 20 no 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Gen. nov. 1 sp. nov. no 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0Armadillidae Gen. nov. 2 sp. nov. yes 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Atemnidae Oratemnus sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2Olpiidae Austrohorus sp. no 0 7 9 3 6 5 41 64 5 7 8 7 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 1 1 3 1 3 1Olpiidae Beierolpium sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1Olpiidae Beierolpium `sp. 8/3` no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Olpiidae Indolpium sp. no 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sternophoridae Afrosternophorus sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lymnaeidae Austropeplea cf. lessoni no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Planorbidae Gyraulus sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Planorbidae Isidorella cf. newcombi no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Gastrocopta larapinta no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Gastrocopta mussoni no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Pupoides cf. beltianus no 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Pupoides cf. ischnus no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Pupoides pacificus no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Succineidae Succinea sp. potential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Barychelidae Synothele `MYG127` no 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Ctenizidae Conothele sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Idiopidae Anidiops sp. potential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Idiopidae Eucyrtops sp. potential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nemesiidae Aname sp. potential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nemesiidae Aname `MYG001` no 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0Nemesiidae Aname `MYG004` no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nemesiidae Kwonkan `MYG006` no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Gallieniellidae Meedo sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Buthidae Isometroides sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Arachnida (Mygalomorphs)

Arachnida (Araneomorphs)

Arachnida (Scorpions)

Wet Pitfall Trap Sites

Crustacea (Isopods)

Arachnida (Pseudoscorpions)

Gastropoda (Pulmonata)



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Table 4.2 – Forage SpecimenCollection Summary

Class Family Genus Species SRE Vert2 Vert4 Vert6 FOR1 FOR2 FOR3 FOR4 FOR5 FOR6 FOR7 FOR8 FOR9 FOR10 FOR11 FOR12 FOR13 FOR14 FOR15 FOR16 FOR17 FOR18 FOR19 FOR20 FOR21 FOR22 FOR23 FOR24 FOR25 FOR26 FOR27 FOR28 FOR29 FOR30 FOR31 FOR32 FOR33 FOR34

Armadillidae Acanthodillo sp. 6 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Barrowdillo sp. nov 1 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. 10 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. 14 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Buddelundia sp. 20 no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Gen. nov. 1 sp. nov. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Armadillidae Gen. nov. 2 sp. nov. yes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Atemnidae Oratemnus sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Olpiidae Austrohorus sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0Olpiidae Beierolpium sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Olpiidae Beierolpium `sp. 8/3` no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0Olpiidae Indolpium sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sternophoridae Afrosternophorus sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1

Lymnaeidae Austropeplea cf. lessoni no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0Planorbidae Gyraulus sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Planorbidae Isidorella cf. newcombi no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Gastrocopta larapinta no 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Gastrocopta mussoni no 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0Pupillidae Pupoides cf. beltianus no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pupillidae Pupoides cf. ischnus no 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0Pupillidae Pupoides pacificus no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0Succineidae Succinea sp. potential 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Barychelidae Synothele `MYG127` no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Ctenizidae Conothele sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Idiopidae Anidiops sp. potential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0Idiopidae Eucyrtops sp. potential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0Nemesiidae Aname sp. potential 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nemesiidae Aname `MYG001` no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nemesiidae Aname `MYG004` no 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nemesiidae Kwonkan `MYG006` no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Gallieniellidae Meedo sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Buthidae Isometroides sp. no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0

Arachnida (Mygalomorphs)

Arachnida (Araneomorphs)

Arachnida (Scorpions)

Foraging Sites

Crustacea (Isopods)

Arachnida (Pseudoscorpions)

Gastropoda (Pulmonata)



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4.3.1 ARACHNIDS (PHYLUM: ATHROPODA; SUB CLASS ARACHNIDA)

4.3.1.1 Modern Spiders (Araneomorphae)

Family Gallieniellidae

Meedo sp.

A total of 14 specimens belonging to the genus Meedo were recorded from sites WPF10, WPF12, WPF22 and WPF27: Acacia dominant on drainage; Acacia dominant on floodplain; Eucalypt dominant on gully and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. All the specimens collected were juveniles. Some Meedo species might represent SREs, but mature male spiders are required for accurate identification. The Gallieniellidae family is found in Australia, Africa, Madagascar and South America. The Australian fauna comprises 22 named species in five genera (Platnick 2002). Meedo was collected from within the Project as well as regional areas and is unlikely to represent a SRE species (Framenau 2010).

4.3.1.2 Trapdoor Spiders (Mygalomorph)

Family Barychelidae

Synothele `MYG127`

Five specimens of Synothele ‘MYG127’ were collected from sites WPF05, WPF07 and WPF09: Eucalypt dominant on floodplain; Eucalypt dominant on drainage and Acacia dominant on drainage. The genus is presumably widespread throughout Western and South Australia and a number of species are currently described from Western Australia, some with narrow distributions (Raven 1994). Synothele ‘MYG127’ was collected from within the Project and is not a SRE (Framenau 2010).

Family Ctenizidae

Conothele sp.

A single specimen belonging to the genus Conothele was collected from site WPF15, Eucalypt dominant on drainage. Members of this genus are found across much of arid Western Australia, where they dig burrows in soil sealed with tight fitting lids that are difficult to find. As in the genus Missulena, Conothele are believed to disperse via ballooning (Main 1957), which reduces the potential for it being a SRE. The taxonomic status and precise distributions of all species is unknown. Conothele was collected from regional areas and based on current knowledge of the biology of Conothele, it is unlikely that this specimen represents a SRE species (Framenau 2010).

Family Idiopidae

Anidiops sp.

Two specimens belonging to the genus Anidiops were recorded from sites FOR11 and FOR33; Acacia dominant on floodplain and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. The genus is common throughout Western Australia, however only two species are described (Framenau 2010). Anidiops was collected in regional areas and based on the current knowledge of the biology of Anidiops, the specimens represent a potential SRE species.



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Eucyrtops sp.

Two specimens belonging to the genus Eucyrtops were recorded from sites FOR11 and FOR33; Acacia dominant on floodplain and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. Males are required for species identification; therefore the SRE status cannot be confirmed. Eucyrtops was collected from regional areas and represents a potential SRE species (Framenau 2010).

Family Nemesiidae

Aname sp.

A single specimen of the genus Aname was recorded from site VERT06; Acacia dominated floodplain. This very small, juvenile specimen could not be identified with certainty. Aname was collected in regional areas and represents a potential SRE species (Framenau and Harvey 2010).

Aname `MYG001 `

Three specimens the Aname ‘MYG001 group’ were recorded from sites WPF06, WPF11 and WPF22: Eucalypt dominant on drainage, Acacia on floodplain and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. The genus Aname consists of 33 named species in Australia and is well represented in WA. Aname represents a highly diverse array of species ranging from very small to large size. Members of the genus are the most common in sclerophyll forest, but are also known from rainforests and deserts. Originally A. ‘MYG001’ was considered a single widespread species (Framenau 2010), however, recent analysis of the group has suggested that more species may be present. Aname ‘MYG001’ was recorded within the Project as well as in regional areas. Based on current knowledge of the group it is unlikely that these specimens represent SRE species (Framenau 2010).

Aname ‘MYG004’

Four specimens of Aname ‘MYG004’ were recorded from sites VERT02 and VERT06; both Acacia dominated. Aname ‘MYG004’ appears to be widespread throughout the Pilbara. Aname ‘MYG004’ was recorded in regional areas and is not considered to be a SRE species (Framenau 2010)

Kwonkan `MYG006`

A single specimen of Kwonkan ‘MYG006’ was recorded from site FOR11; Acacia dominant on floodplain. Kwonkan ‘MYG006’ has been at other sites in the Pilbara (Framenau 2010) and was recorded from regional survey sites, it is not a SRE species.

4.3.1.3 Pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones)

Family Atemnidae

Oratemnus sp.

Ten specimens belonging to the genus Oratemnus were recorded from WPF06, WPF16, WPF18 and WPF26: all Eucalypt dominant on drainage. Although Atemnids are frequently found under the bark of trees in Western Australia, the taxonomy of Oratemnus is unclear (Framenau and Harvey 2010). Oratemnus was collected within the Project area as well as regional areas and is not considered to be a SRE species (Framenau 2010).



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Family Olpiidae

Indolpium sp.

A total of 12 specimens belonging to the genus Indolpium, were recorded from sites WPF03 and WPF14: both Acacia dominant on floodplain. The specimens closely resembled species from other regions of Western Australia (Framenau 2010). Indolpium was collected in regional areas and based on current knowledge, it is unlikely that these specimens represent SRE species.

Austrohorus sp.

A total of 185 specimens belonging to the genus Austrohorus were collected from 17 sites from a variety of habitats. These specimens appear very similar to specimens of the genus found elsewhere in the Pilbara and represent the most abundant genus. Austrohorus was collected from within the Project area as well as in regional areas. Based on current knowledge, these specimens do not represent SRE species (V. Framenau, pers. com.).

Beierolpium sp.

A total of 13 specimens belonging to the genus Beirolpium were collected from sites WPF06, WPF09, WPF14, WPF17 and WPF26: Eucalypt dominant on drainage; Acacia dominant on drainage; Acacia dominant on floodplain, Eucalypt on gully and Eucalypt on drainage. The taxonomy of Beirolpium in the Pilbara has not been fully assessed. Until a full systematic revision of the genus is undertaken, it is not possible to firmly establish the identity of this species (Framenau and Harvey 2010). Beierolpium was collected from within the Project area as well as from regional areas and is not considered to represent a SRE species (V. Framenau, pers. com.).

Beierolpium `sp. 8/3`

Two specimens of Beirolpium ‘sp. 8/3’ were collected from sites WPF06 and WPF09: Eucalypt dominant on drainage and Acacia dominant on floodplain. The taxonomy of Beirolpium in the Pilbara has not been fully assessed. Until a full systematic revision of the genus is undertaken, it is not possible to firmly establish the identify of this species (Framenau and Harvey 2010). Beierolpium ‘sp. 8/3’ was collected from within the Project area as well as from regional areas and is not considered to represent a SRE species (V. Framenau, pers. com.).

Family Sternophoridae

Afrosternophorus sp.

Four specimens belonging to the genus Afrosternophorus were recorded from sites FOR25, FOR32 and FOR34: Acacia dominant on floodplain, Eucalypt on drainage and Acacia dominant on drainage. Species of Afrosternophorus are commonly found under the bark of trees (Harvey 1985). Afrosternophorus was collected from within the Project area as well as regional areas. Based on current knowledge, these specimens do not represent SRE species (Framenau and Harvey 2010).



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4.3.1.4 Scorpions (Scorpiones)

Family Buthidae

Isometroides sp.

Three specimens of the genus Isometroides were recorded from sites FOR31 and FOR32. Buthidae is the most diverse and widespread of all scorpion families (Fet and Lowe 2000). Only two species of Isometroides are described, however many undescribed species have been widely collected (Volschenk 2010). Isometroides was collected from within the Project area, however, is unlikely to represent a SRE species.

4.3.2 CRUSTACEANS (PHYLUM: ATHROPODA; SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA)

4.3.2.1 Isopods (Malacostraca: Isopoda)

Family Armadillidae

Acanthodillo sp. 6

Three specimens of Acanthodillo ‘sp. 6’ were recorded from sites WPF16 and WPF17: Eucalypt dominated drainage and Eucalypt dominant on gully. This species has been collected elsewhere in the Pilbara (Judd 2010b). Acanthodillo sp. 6 was collected from within the Project area, however, is not considered a SRE.

Barrowdillo sp. nov. 1

Two specimens of a new species of the genus Barrodillo were recorded from site WPF14: Acacia on floodplain. This species has not been widely collected in the Pilbara and was collected in regional areas, but it is unlikely to represent a SRE species (Judd 2010b).

Buddelundia sp.

Two specimens belonging to the genus Buddelundia were recorded from sites WPF13 and WPF23: both Acacia dominant on floodplain. These specimens were too immature to be identified to species level and thus the SRE status cannot be confirmed. Buddelundia sp. was collected from within the Project area. However, the genus is found widely in the Pilbara and thus unlikely to represent SRE species (Judd 2010b).

Buddelundia ‘sp. 10’

A total of 100 specimens of Buddelundia ‘sp. 10’ were recorded from 11 sites, covering a range of habitats. This species is a variation of the most common isopod species in the Pilbara and by far the most abundant in this survey (Judd 2010b). Buddelundia ‘sp. 10’ was collected from within the Project area as well as regional areas. Due to its frequency, it is unlikely to be considered a SRE species.


A total of 21 specimens of Buddelundia ‘sp. 14’ were recorded from sites WPF12, WPF23 and WPF 26: Acacia dominant on floodplain, Acacia dominant on floodplain and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. Theis is the most common species of Buddelundia in the Pilbara and has been found in at



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least six other locations in the Pilbara (Judd 2010b). Buddelundia ‘sp. 14’ was collected within the Project area as well as regional areas and is unlikely to be a SRE.


A total of 36 specimens of Buddelundia ‘sp. 20’ were recorded from WPF01, WPF11 and WPF24: Acacia dominant on floodplain, Acacia dominant on floodplain and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. This appears to be a new species characterised by small size and fine dorsal scales and it is morphologically distinct from similar species (Judd 2010b). Buddelundia ‘sp. 20’ was collected from within the Project area as well as regional areas and is unlikely to be a SRE species.

Gen. nov. 1 sp. nov.

A total of 19 specimens of a new genus closely related to the genera Buddelundia and Barrowdillo were recorded from sites WPF04, WPF11, WPF15, WPF17 and WPF26: Eucalypt on drainage, Acacia dominant on floodplain, Eucalypt dominant on drainage, Eucalypt dominant on gully and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. These specimens were collected within the Project area as well as regional areas. However, this is one of the most common isopod species collected in the Pilbara and is not considered to be a SRE species (Judd 2010b).

Gen. nov. 2 sp. nov.

Three specimens of a new genus were recorded from sites WPF03 and WPF14: Acacia dominant on floodplain and Eucalypt dominant on drainage. This genus is yet to be described and is very different from the genera Buddelundia and Barrowdillo (Judd 2010b). Specimens were collected from regional areas and are considered to represent a SRE species.

4.3.2.2 SNAILS (PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: CLASS GASTROPODA)

Family Lymnaeidae

Austropeplea cf. lessoni

Five specimens closely resembling Austropeplea lessoniI were recorded from site FOR32: Eucalypt dominant on drainage. Currently regarded as an Australian native species, A. lessoni is a widespread freshwater snail species common in the northern and eastern areas of Australia (Slack‐Smith and Whisson 2010) and also known in WA. Austropeplea lessoni was collected from within the Project area and is not considered a SRE species.

Family Planorbidae

Gyraulus sp.

A single specimen of the genus Gyraulus was recorded from site WPF19: Eucalypt on drainage. Gyraulus are known from coastal and inland areas of all Australian states and inhabit stream and pools in the Pilbara area (Slack‐Smith and Whisson 2010). Gyraulus was collected from regional areas and is unlikely to be a SRE species

Isidorella cf. newcombi

Five specimens closely resembling Isidorella newcombi were recorded from site FOR17: Acacia dominant on floodplain. This is a wide spread central and eastern Australian species and also known in Western Australia (Slack‐Smith and Whisson 2010). Isidorella newcombi was collected from regional areas and is not considered a SRE.



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Family Pupillidae

Gastrocopta larapinta

A single specimen of Gastrocopta larapinta was recorded from site FOR03: Mulga dominant on floodplain. This species has a large distribution in Central Australia and a few records from Queensland and the Kimberly (Whisson and Slack‐Smith 2010). Gastrocopta larapinta was collected in regional areas and does not represent a SRE species.

Gastrocopta mussoni

A total of 13 specimens of Gastrocopta mussoni were recorded from sites FOR01, FOR03, FOR05, FOR20, and FOR31: Acacia dominant on floodplain, Mulga dominant on floodplain, Mulga dominant on floodplain, Eucalypt dominant on drainage, Acacia dominant on drainage. There are records of G. mussoni from Northern Territory, central Australia, Western Australia and Queensland (Pokryszko 1996). Gastrocopta mussoni was collected from within the Project area as well as regional areas and is not a SRE species.

Pupoides cf. beltianus

Six specimens closely resembling Pupoides beltianus were recorded from sites WPF01 and WPF10: Acacia dominant on floodplain and Acacia dominant on drainage. The known range of P. beltianus extends between Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia (Whisson and Slack‐Smith 2010). Pupoides beltianus was collected from within the Project area as well as regional areas and is not a SRE species.

Pupoides cf. ischnus

A total of 25 specimens most closely resembling Pupiodes ischnus were recorded from sites FOR03, FOR05, FOR19, FOR20 and FOR31: Mulga dominant on floodplain, Mulga dominant on floodplain, Eucalypt dominant on drainage, Eucalypt dominant on drainage and Acacia dominant on drainage. The species is known from central Australia and this location represents a substantial range‐extension to the west (Slack‐Smith and Whisson 2010). Pupoides ischnus was collected from within the Project area as well as regional areas and it not a SRE species

Pupoides pacificus

A single specimen of Pupoides pacificus was recorded from site FOR31: Acacia dominant on drainage. Recent collections by the WAM have indicated P. pacificus is widespread in the Pilbara (Slack‐Smith and Whisson 2010). Pupoides pacificus was collected from within the Project area, however, it is not a SRE.

Succinea sp.

Seven specimens of the genus Succinea were recorded from sites WPF17 and VERT04: Eucalypt dominant on drainage and Acacia dominant on floodplain. Specimens of this genus have been poorly collected in the Pilbara; this is due in part to the fragile nature of the shell, as well as the tendency to only be active while the weather is damp and cool (Slack‐Smith and Whisson 2010). Succinea was collected in from within the Project area as well as regional areas and is a potential SRE species



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4.4 HABITAT ANALYSIS

Sites where SRE species were collected were assessed for their suitability to support SREs in terms of moisture, shade, suitable microhabitat and geographical isolation (Table 4.3).

Eight vegetation associations/ habitats have been mapped in the Project area; however, only seven of these were associated with potential SREs species (association values 93, 173, 175, 562, 29, 676 and 111) (Figure 4.4).

Based on the Beard vegetation units of the Project area, potential SRE species were found in four association values 93: Acacia pyrifolia shrub over hummock grassland on basalt, of which 0.004% occurs within the Project; 175: sedgeland occasionally with heath, of which 0.009% occurs in the Project; 29: sparse low woodland with isolated clumps of Acacia aneura, of which 0.019% occurs within the Project and 676: Tecticornia spp. and other samphire steppe, of which 0.006% occurs within the Project (Table 4.4).

Table 4.3 – Habitat Analysis of SRE Sites in the Project

Site Project/

Regional Site Vegetation

Association Value Habitat Type SRE Habitat Traits SRE / Potential SRE

Species Present

WPF03 Regional 29 Acacia dominant on floodplain

Shade Suitable microhabitat

Isopod gen. nov 2

WPF14 Project 175 Acacia dominant on floodplain


Isopod gen. nov 2

WPF17 Regional 175 Eucalyptus dominant on drainage channel

Shade, Moisture Suitable microhabitat

Succinea sp.

FOR11 Regional 29 Acacia dominant on floodplain


Anidops sp.

Eucyrtops sp.

FOR33 Project 93 Eucalypt dominant on drainage channel

Shade, Moisture Suitable microhabitat

Anidops sp.

Eucyrtops sp.

VERT04 Regional 676 Acacia dominant on floodplain


Succinea sp.

VERT06 Regional 29 Acacia dominant on floodplain


Aname sp.

Table 4.4 – Predicted Percentage Impact for Each SRE or Potential SRE Species

Species Vegetation Unit % Impact Based on Vegetation Community

Aname sp., Anidiops sp., Eucyrtops sp. and Isopod gen. nov. 2,

29 0.02%

Succinea sp. and isopod gen. nov. 2 175 0.009%

Succinea sp. 676 0.006%

Anidiops sp. and Eucyrtops sp. 93 0.004%



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5 DISCUSSION

Five isopod, four pseudoscorpion, six snail, six spider and one scorpion genera, comprising at least 30 different species have been identified from this survey. Of these, one new undescribed species of isopod was regarded as a SRE, whereas four genera, Succinea (snails), Anidiops, Eucyrtops and Aname (trapdoor spiders) have the potential to be SRE species. A list of SRE specimens collected is summarized in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 – Summary of SRE Specimens Recorded

Species SRE Collected in regional sites?

Assessment of impact from Project Significance of impact

Anidiops sp. Potential Yes Not impacted as was not recorded within Project

None

Aname sp. Potential Yes Not impacted as was not recorded within Project

None

Eucyrtops sp. Potential Yes Not impacted as was not recorded within Project

None

Isopod gen. nov. 2 sp. nov.

Yes Yes Not impacted as was not recorded within Project

None

Succinea sp. Potential Yes Directly impacted however located in regional area

Low

The species accumulation curves showed that approximately 89% of species have been collected from the Study area during this survey, which is considered sufficient. However, the estimator of species diversity (Michaelis‐Menten) showed that the assemblage is potentially more diverse and 11% more species could occur in the area.

Of the five SRE species identified as a result of this survey, none are considered at high risk of impact by the Project (Table 5.1). Both mygalomorph spiders, Anidiops and Eucyrtops, were collected from two sites dominated by both Acacia and Eucalyptus. These habitats provide the necessary shade and moisture that is conducive to SRE species. The genera were collected from regional areas and will not be affected by the Project, therefore there will be negligible impact upon the species.

Aname was collected from a single site dominated by Acacia located on a floodplain. This habitat provides shade conducive to SRE species. The species identification of Aname is unknown, as only juvenile specimens were collected. Aname represents a potential SRE species, however it was collected in regional areas where it will not be impacted by the Project.

One new genera of isopod representing a SRE species was collected. The sites where the species was collected were Acacia and Eucalyptus dominant habitats. These habitats provide the necessary shade and moisture that conducive to SRE invertebrates. The sites are located both within regional areas, where the habitat will not be impacted.

The snail of the genus Succinea was collected from two sites dominated by Acacia and Eucalyptus. Succinea is considered a potential SRE. Succinea was collected from within the Project as well as regional areas so the impact by the Project will be low. Less than 1% of the vegetation association where Succinea was collected is within the Project area, therefore prospective habitat is widespread in regional areas, further limiting potential impacts as a much larger area of the vegetation will not be impacted.



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Effective invertebrate conservation cannot rely on conventional single‐species approaches adopted for the conservation of vertebrates and plants (Clark and Spier‐Ashcroft 2003). The focus of modern invertebrate conservation has changed to a community and landscape scale approach, with a primary emphasis on habitat conservation. Invertebrate conservation should be promoted more effectively by habitat preservation and management rather than single species‐initiatives (Lewinsohn et al. 2005).

Vegetation/habitat types and land systems reflect underlying geology, soil, surface hydrology and position in the landscape, and provide a reasonable surrogate of habitat parameters in respect to SREs. The survey sites were located at 13 Land system types and seven vegetation types and both have the potential to support SREs due to moderate levels of shade, moisture and/or suitable microhabitat (i.e. moderately deep leaf litter, decaying logs). However, none is unique to the Project area and the potential impact of the Project over the land systems and vegetation types is considered very low.



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6 CONCLUSION

• The SRE survey of the proposed Brockman Rail Corridor found that the land systems, vegetation communities and habitats were likely to support SRE groups but were not restricted to the Project area.

• The survey methods were consistent with the EPA Guidance Statement 20 to sample for SRE fauna. Species accumulation curves were used to assess survey adequacy, confirming that the survey was sufficient.

• A total of 31 species were collected during the survey, of which one species was considered a SRE (isopod gen. nov. 2) and four were considered potential SREs (Aname sp., Anidiops sp., Eucrytops sp. and Succinea sp.).

• The significance of the impact to Aname sp., Succinea sp., Anidiops sp., Eucyrtops sp. and the new isopod genus, is considered negligible as the species were collected from outside the Project area only.

• The significance of the impact to Succinea sp. is considered low as it was collected in regional areas as well as within the Project area. The species was found within the vegetation association 175, which is widespread across the Pilbara, and less than 1% is expected to be impacted by the Project.



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7 STUDY TEAM

The Brockman Rail Corridor Short Range Endemic survey described in this document was planned, coordinated and executed by:

ecologia Environment

1025 Wellington St

WEST PERTH WA, 6005

Phone: 9322 1944

Fax: 9322 1599

Project Staff:

Lazaro Roque‐Albelo BSc, MSc, PhD, Principal Zoologist

Magdalena Davis BSc, MSc, PhD, Manager Invertebrate Sciences

Nicholas Dight BSc, Invertebrate Zoologist

Catherine Hall BSc (Hon), Invertebrate Zoologist

Laura Quinn BSc (Hon), Invertebrate Zoologist

Pia Roberts BSc, Invertebrate Zoologist

Sean White Invertebrate Zoologist

Special Thanks:

Dr Mark Harvey , Department of Terrestrial Invertebrates, Western Australian Museum; Dr Shirley Slack‐Smith and Mr Corey Whisson: Department of Malacology, Western Australian Museum for database searches and species identification; Dr Erich Volschenk for scorpion identification; Dr Volker Framenau for mygalomorph identification and Dr Simon Judd for isopod identification.



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8 REFERENCES

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Beard, J. S. 1975. The vegetation of the Pilbara region. Explanatory notes to map sheet 5 of vegetation survey of Western Australia: Pilbara. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands.

BoM. 2010. Daily Weather Observations, Commonwealth of Australia. Accessed http://www.bom.gov.au.

BoM. 2011. Bureau of Meteorology, Access from: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate. Accessed Accessed August 2011. http://www.bom.gov.au.

Brusca, R. C. and Brusca, G. J. 2003. Invertebrates, 2nd edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland Mass, USA.

Bunge, J. and Fitzpatrick, M. 1993. Estimating the number of species: A review. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 88:364‐373.

Burbidge, A. H., Harvey, M. S., and McKenzie, N. L. 2000. Biodiversity in the southern Carnarvon Basin. Records of the Western Australian Museum. Supplement 61:1 ‐ 595.

Department of Conservation and Land Management,. 2004. Towards a biodiversity conservation strategy for Western Australia ‐ discussion paper.

Chessman, B. C. 1995. Rapid assessment of rivers using macroinvertebrates: A procedure based on habitat‐specific sampling, family level identification and a biotic index. Australian Journal of Ecology. 20:122 ‐ 129.

Clark, G. M. and Spier‐Ashcroft, F. 2003. A review of the Conservation Status of Selected Australian Non‐Marine Invertebrates. Natural Heritage Trust:142.

Colwell, R. K. 2009. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 8.

Colwell, R. K. and Coddington, J. A. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (Series B). 345:101‐118.

Commonwealth Government. 1996. The Natural Strategy for the conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity. in Department of the Environment, S. a. T., ed. Commonweath of Australia, canberra.

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 2010. Maps: Australia's bioregions (IBRA)

ecologia Environment. 2008. RGP5 Rail Duplication Project: Chichester Deviation Short Range Endemic Survey & A Targetted Survey for the Trapdoor Spider, Aurecocrypta sp. Report Prepared for Calibre Engenium.

ecologia Environment. 2009a. Marillana Iron Ore Project Short‐Range Endemic Invertebrate Assessment. Report Prepared for Brockman Resources.

ecologia Environment. 2009b. Phil's Creek Short‐Range Endemic Invertebrate Study. Report Prepared for URS Corporation.



October 2011

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ecologia Environment. 2010a. Cloudbreak Short‐Range Endemic Desktop Assessment. Report Prepared for Fortescue Metals Group.

ecologia Environment. 2010b. Roy Hill Additional Short‐Range Enedemic Invertebrate Survey. Report Prepared for Roy Hill Iron Ore.

ecologia Environment. 2010c. Solomon Project ‐ Firetail Short Range Endemic Invertebrate and Habitat Assessment. Report Prepared for Fortescue Metals Group.

Edgecombe, G. D., Giribet, G., and Wheeler, W. C. 2002. Phylogeny of Henicopidae (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha): a combined analysis of morphology and five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology. 27:31‐64.

Environmental Protection Authority. 2002. Position Statement No. 3 Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an element of Biodiversity Protection.

Environmental Protection Authority. 2004. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors No. 56: Terrestrial Fauna Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia. 28 June 2004

Environmental Protection Authority. 2009. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors, Statement No 20: Sampling of Short Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia.

Fet, V. and Lowe, G. 2000. Family Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837. Pp. 54‐286 in V. Fet, W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe, and M. E. Braunwalder, eds. Catalogue of the scorpions of the world (1758‐1998). New York Entomological Society, New York.

Framenau, V. W. 2010. Trapdoor Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Mygalomorphae) of Oakajee River and North of Geraldton, Western Australia (Ecologia project 1264). Western Australian Museum.

Framenau, V. W. and Harvey, M. S. 2010. The Short‐Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna of the Brockman Rail Corridor (Ecologia Project 1258) (Western Australia). Western Australian Museum.

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Harvey, M. S. 1985. The systematics of the family Sternophoridae (Pseudoscorpionida) Journal of Arachnology. 13:141‐209.

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Harvey, M. S., Berry, O., Edward, K. L., and Humphreys, G. 2008. Molecular and morphological systematics of hypogean schizomids (Schizomida:Hubbardiidae) in semiarid Australia. Invertebrate Systematics. 22:167–194.

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Judd, S. 2009. Terrestrial Isopod Identification for Project 1133 Yeelirrie Station.

Judd, S. 2010a. Re: Terrestrial Isopod Identification for Project 1250 & 1251.

Judd, S. 2010b. Terrestrial Isopod Identification Report for Project 1237 & 1258. Unpublished report to ecologia Environment.



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Judd, S. 2011. Terrestrial Isopod Identification for Project 1340. Ecologia Taxonomic Report.

Judd, S., Horwitz, P., and D., J. Distribution patterns of inland aquatic and terrestrial malacostracan crustaceans in south‐western Australia. Unpublished Report.

Judd, S., Horwitz, P., and D., J. 2008. Distribution patterns of inland aquatic and terrestrial malacostracan crustaceans in south‐western Australia. Unpublished Report.

Kendrick, P. 2001. Pilbara 2 (PIL2 ‐ Fortescue Plains subregion). A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia's 53 Biogeographic Subregions in 2002. DEC.

Kendrick, P. and McKenzie, N. 2001. Pilbara 1 (PIL1 ‐ Chichester subregion). A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia's 53 Biogeographic Subregions in 2002. DEC.

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Wright, S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics. 28:114 ‐ 138.



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APPENDIX A SURVEY SITE DATA



October 2011

52

Vegetation and Habitat Description Site Photo

WPF01

Location:‐

50K 713591E 7533182N

Habitat type:‐ Plain. Acacia dominant on floodplain

Leaf litter:‐ Concentrated under shrubs/trees

Soil type:‐ Sandy Clay

WPF02

Location:‐

50K 713153E 7533314N




WPF03

Location:‐

50K 712288E 7533291N






October 2011

53


WPF04

Location:‐

50K 723026E 7506820N

Habitat type:‐ Undulating Plain. Eucalyptus/Corymbia on drainage channel


Soil type:‐ Clay

WPF05

Location:‐

50K 718833E 7509186N

Habitat type:‐ Plain. Eucalyptus/Corymbia dominant on floodplain



WPF06

Location:‐

50K 714587E 7511552N

Habitat type:‐ Gully side. Eucalyptus/Corymbia dominant on drainage channel





October 2011

54


WPF07

Location:‐

50K 711489E 7513146N




WPF08

Location:‐

50K 706896E 7518933N


Leaf litter:‐ Widespread


WPF09

Location:‐

50K 716456E 7510181N

Habitat type:‐ Plain. Acacia dominant on drainage channel





October 2011

55


WPF10

Location:‐

50K 706446E 7520591N




WPF11

Location:‐

50K 730810E 7530504N




WPF12

Location:‐

50K 721860E 7531388N






October 2011

56


WPF13

Location:‐

50K 708961E 7534126N




WPF14

Location:‐

50K 710732E 7552063N




WPF15

Location:‐

50K 707816E 7565575N

Habitat type:‐ Plain. Eucalyptus/Corymbia dominant on drainage channel


Soil type:‐ Clay



October 2011

57


WPF16

Location:‐

50K 729384E 7553412N



Soil type:‐ Clay

WPF17

Location:‐

50K 722130E 7548301N

Habitat type:‐ Gully Base. Eucalyptus/Corymbia on drainage channel



WPF18

Location:‐

50K 709972E 7563704N



Soil type:‐ Clay



October 2011

58


WPF19

Location:‐

50K 708143E 7556046N



Soil type:‐ Clay

WPF20

Location:‐

50K 708922E 7533395N




WPF21

Location:‐

50K 708985E 7536154N






October 2011

59


WPF22

Location:‐

50K 709585E 7542038N




WPF23

Location:‐

50K 709421E 7540573N


Leaf litter:‐ Sparse


WPF24

Location:‐

50K 710593E 7541359N

Habitat type:‐ Undulating Plain. Eucalyptus/Carymbia on drainage channel


Soil type:‐ Clay



October 2011

60


WPF25

Location:‐

50K 712187E 7541549N

Habitat type:‐ Undulating Plain. Eucalyptus/Corymbia on drainage channel

Leaf litter:‐ Sparse

Soil type:‐ Clay

WPF26

Location:‐

50K 716762E 7546676N



Soil type:‐ Clay

WPF27

Location:‐

50K 711623E 7551558N



Soil type:‐ Clay



October 2011

61


WPF28

Location:‐

50K 726765E 7550894N




FOR01

Location:‐

50K 713591E 7533182N




FOR02

Location:‐

50K 713153E 7533314N






October 2011

62


FOR03

Location:‐

50K 712289E 7533292N

Habitat type:‐ Plain. Mulga dominant on floodplain



FOR04

Location:‐

50K 723027E 7506820N

Habitat type:‐ Undulating hills Eucalyptus/Corymbia dominant on drainage channel



FOR05

Location:‐

50K 718833E 7509187N






October 2011

63


FOR06

Location:‐

50K 714588E 7511553N




FOR07

Location:‐

50K 711490E 7513146N




FOR08

Location:‐

50K 706896E 7518934N






October 2011

64


FOR09

Location:‐

50K 716498E 7510233N




FOR10

Location:‐

50K 706447E 7520590N




FOR11

Location:‐

50K 730810E 7530505N






October 2011

65


FOR12

Location:‐

50K 721860E 7531388N

Habitat type:‐ Plain. Eucalyptus/Carymbia dominant on drainage channel


Soil type:‐ Clay

FOR13

Location:‐

50K 734618E 7533899N




FOR14

Location:‐

50K 734966E 7535515N

Habitat type:‐ Undulating Plain. Acacia dominant on drainage channel


Soil type:‐ Clay



October 2011

66


FOR15

Location:‐

50K 706427E 7520651N

Habitat type:‐ Undulating Plain. Acacia dominant on drainage channel


Soil type:‐ Clay

FOR16

Location:‐

50K 721626E 7532069N




FOR17

Location:‐

50K 719236E 7531560N






October 2011

67


FOR18

Location:‐

50K 715930E 7533194N




FOR19

Location:‐

50K 716930E 7548186N



Soil type:‐ Clay

FOR20

Location:‐

50K 716580E 7547020N



Soil type:‐ Clay



October 2011

68


FOR21

Location:‐

50K 716687E 7546311N




FOR22

Location:‐

50K 716252E 7545861N

Habitat type:‐ Gully Base. Eucalyptus/Carymbia on drainage channel


Soil type:‐ Sandy

FOR23

Location:‐

50K 708917E 7534782N






October 2011

69


FOR24

Location:‐

50K 716366E 7545298N




FOR25

Location:‐

50K 708741E 7535247N




FOR26

Location:‐

50K 709047E 7539018N






October 2011

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FOR27

Location:‐

50K 708970E 7539841N




FOR28

Location:‐

50K 709367E 7541525N



Soil type:‐ Sandy

FOR29

Location:‐

50K 707816E 7565575N



Soil type:‐ Clay



October 2011

71


FOR30

Location:‐

50K 729384E 7553412N



Soil type:‐ Clay

FOR31

Location:‐

50K 726765E 7550894N




FOR32

Location:‐

50K 722130E 7548301N



Soil type:‐ Sandy



October 2011

72


FOR33

Location:‐

50K 709972E 7563704N



Soil type:‐ Clay

FOR34

Location:‐

50K 708143E 7556046N



Soil type:‐ Clay

VERT01

Location:‐

50K 710091E 7532876N

Habitat type:‐ Mulga on grassland

Leaf litter:‐ Unknown

Soil type:‐ Unknown

NA

VERT02

Location:‐

50K 713196E 7533358N




NA



October 2011

73


VERT03

Location:‐

50K 717693E 7532394N




NA

VERT04

Location:‐

50K 721453E 7531193N

Habitat type:‐ Tecticornia spp. and other samphires succulent steppe.



NA

VERT05

Location:‐

50K 727396E 7530131N

Habitat type:‐ Mulga on grassland .



NA

VERT06

Location:‐

50K 728270E 7531482N




NA

VERT07

Location:‐

50K 720380E 7532597N




NA



October 2011

74




October 2011

75

APPENDIX B WAM DATABASE SEARCH



October 2011

76

WAM Database Search Results

Class (Order) Family Genus Species SRE

Arachnida (Mygalomorphae)

Actinopodidae Missulena `MYG003` no

Missulena `MYG044` no

Missulena `MYG045?` no

Missulena `sp.` no

Missulena occatoria no

Barychelidae `?Aurecocrypta` `sp.` possible

`?Synothele` `sp.` possible

Aurecocrypta `chichester` possible

Aurecocrypta katersi possible

Idiommata `MYG111` possible

Idiommata `sp.` possible

Synothele `MYG127` possible

Synothele `MYG160` possible

Synothele `near karara` possible

Synothele `sp. nov. 3` possible

Synothele `sp.` possible

Synothele `xkarara` possible

Synothele karara possible

Ctenizidae Conothele `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Conothele `MYG002` no

Dipluridae Cethegus `sp.` no

Cethegus `sp.` no

Idiopidae `?Anidiops` `sp.` possible

Aganippe `Cloudbreak sp. 1` possible

Aganippe `MYG083` possible




Aganippe occidentalis? possible



October 2011

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Idiopidae Anidiops `sp.` possible

Eucyrtops `sp.` possible

Gaius `sp.` no

Gaius villosus no

Nemesiidae unknown unknown possible

?Teyl `sp.` possible

Àname?` `sp.` possible

`Gen. nov.` `sp.` possible

`Yilgarnia/Kwonkan` `sp.` possible

Aname `Biota sp. A` possible

Aname `MYG001` possible



Aname `sp.` possible

Aname mainae? possible

Chenistonia `MYG088` possible

Hesperomomonia humphreysi possible

Kwonkan `MYG006` possible

Kwonkan `MYG007` possible

Kwonkan `sp.` possible

Teyl `MYG027` possible

Yilgarnia `MYG033` possible

Arachnida (Araneomporphae)

Araneidae Àraneus` `sp. (VWF888)` no

`Lariniophora` ùluru` no

Argiope protensa no

Argiope trifasciata no

Austracantha minax no

Backobourkia collina no

Cyrtophora parnasia no



October 2011

78


Araneidae Dolophones `sp.` no

Eriophora `sp.` no

Clubionidae Cheiracanthium `sp.` no

Cheiracanthium `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Cheiracanthium `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no

Clubiona `sp.` no

Clubiona `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Corinnidae `Cloudbreak gen. 1` `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Supunna funerea no

Supunna picta no

Deinopidae Deinopis `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Desidae Phryganoporus sp. no

`Forsterina grp. gen. 1` `sp. 5` no

Forsterina sp. no

Dictynidae unknown unknown no

Filistatidae Wandella `sp.` no

Gallieniellidae Oreo capensis no

Gnaphosidae unknown unknown no

`Cloudbreak gen. 1` `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no















October 2011

79


Gnaphosidae Ceryerda `sp.` no

Eilica `sp.` no

Eilica `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Gnaphosidae Eilica `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no

Encoptarthira `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Encoptarthria `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no




Encoptarthria sp. no

Hemicloea `sp.` no

Hemicloea `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Hahniidae unknown unknown no

Tamopsis fickerti no

Tamopsis gracilis no

Tamopsis `sp.` no

Lamponidae Asadipus phaleratus no

Asadipus barlee no

Asadipus yundamindra no

Asadipus banjiwarn no

Asadipus phaleratus no

Bigenditia zuytdorp no

Lampona whaleback no

Lampona `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Lamponata daviesae no

Lamponina scutata no

Lamponina `sp.` no

Notsodipus `sp.` no

Notsodipus barlee no

Liocranidae unknown unknown no

Orthobula `sp.` no



October 2011

80


Lycosidae unknown unknown no

`Lycosa` woonda no

`Tristiculosa` `kazza` no

Artoria `sp. (VWF1249)` no

Hoggicosa bicolor no

Hoggicosa storri no

Hoggicosa `sp.` no

Hoggicosa castanea no

Hogna `sp.` no

Hogna crispipes no

Lycosa `sp. 5` no

Lycosa `sp. 1` no

Lycosa `sp. 2` no

Lycosa `gibsoni group` no

Lycosa australicola no

Lycosa woonda no

Lycosa yalkara no

Venator `gibsoni group` no

Venator `sp.` no

Venator `sp. (VWF1244)` no

Venator `VWF sp. 143` no

Venator `woonda group` no

Venator tula no

Venator yalkara no

Venatrix arenaris no

Venatrix tinfos no

Micropholcommatidae Micropholcomma `sp.` no

Miturgidae unknown unknown no



`Hope Downs genus 1` `Hope Downs sp. 1` no



October 2011

81


Miturgidae `Hope Downs genus 1` `Hope Downs sp. 2` no



`Miturgopelma` èneabba` no

Mituliodon tarantulinus no

Miturgidae Miturga `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Miturga `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no

Nephilidae Nephila `sp.` no

Nephila edulis no

Oonopidae Ànagrymeus` `sp. 2` no

`Prethopalpus` `sp. nov. Hope Downs`

no

`Prethopalpus` `sp.` no

`ROAAA` `sp. 8` no

`ROAAA` ùnidentified` no

Cavisternum clavatum no

Cavisternum `sp.` no

Gamasomorpha? `sp.` no

Grymeus `sp. 3` no

Grymeus `sp. 4` no

Grymeus `sp. 6` no

Grymeus `sp. 11` no

Grymeus `sp.` no

Grymeus `sp. 2` no

Myrmopopaea `sp. 1` no









October 2011

82


Oonopidae Myrmopopaea ùnidentified` no

Myrmopopaea `sp.` no

Opopaea `sp. 1` no

Opopaea `sp. 17` no

Opopaea `sp. 21` no

Opopaea `sp. 7`? no

Opopaea `sp. 9` no

Oonopidae Opopaea `sp. 11` no

Opopaea `sp. 21` no

Opopaea `sp. 17` no

Opopaea `sp. 4` no

Opopaea `sp. 7` no

Opopaea `sp. 9` no

Opopaea `sp. 10` no

Opopaea `sp. 11` no

Opopaea `sp. 14` no

Opopaea `sp. 16` no

Opopaea `sp. 17` no

Opopaea `sp. 21` no

Opopaea `sp.` no

Opopaea `sp. 5` no

Opopaea ùnidentified` no

Xestaspis `sp.` no

Xestaspis `pilbara` no

Xestaspis `varisetosa` no

Xestaspis ìnconspicua` no

Xestaspis `rotunda` no

unknown unknown no

Oxyopes `sp.` no

Oxyopes `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Oxyopidae Oxyopes `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no



October 2011

83


Oxyopidae Oxyopes `Cloudbreak sp. 3` no

Oxyopes `Cloudbreak sp. 4` no

Philodromidae Tibellus `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Pholcidae unknown unknown no

Trichocyclus `sp.` no

Prodidomidae Cryptoerithus occultus no

Prodidomus `sp.` no

Wesmaldra nixaut no

Prodidomidae Wesmulda learmonth? no

Wydundra barrow no

Wydundra kennedy no

unknown unknown no

Salticidae unknown unknown no





`Menemerus` `sp.` no

Clynotis `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Cyrba `PBS sp. 1` no

Cytaea `PBS sp. 2` no

Gangus `sp.` no

Gangus `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Grayenulla `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Grayenulla `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no

Grayenulla `Pilbara sp. 4` no

Grayenulla `pilbara sp. 1` no

Grayenulla `sp.` no

Grayenulla `waldockae` no

Holoplatys `cf semiplanata` no

Lycidas `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no



October 2011

84


Salticidae Lycidas `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no

Lycidas `fluoro palps` no

Lycidas `sp.` no

Lycidas chlorophthalmus no

Lycidas chrysomelas no

Muziris carinatus no

Neon `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Ocrisiona yakatunyae no

Pellenes bitaeniata no

Salticidae Zebraplatys fractivittata no

Selenopidae Anyphops `sp.` possible

Sparassidae unknown unknown no

Delena `sp. 4` no

Delena `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Heteropoda marillana no

Heteropoda `sp.` no

Holconia nigrigularis no

Irileka iridescens no

Neosparassus `sp.` no

Neosparassus `sp. A4a` no

Neosparassus `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Pediana `sp.` no

Pediana horni no

Stiphidiidae Forsterina `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Forsterina `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no

Forsterina `Cloudbreak sp. 3` no

Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha mandibulata no

Tetragnatha `sp.` no

Theridiidae unknown unknown no

Àrgyrodes` binotata no

Euryopis `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no



October 2011

85


Theridiidae Euryopis `Cloudbreak sp. 2` no

Euryopis `sp.` no

Latrodectus hasseltii no

Steatoda `sp.` no

Steatoda `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Thomisidae unknown unknown no

Diaea `sp.` no

Stephanopis `sp.` no

Tharpyna `sp.` no

Trochanteriidae Fissarena `sp.` no

Fissarena castanea no

Longrita whaleback no

Longrita `sp.` no

Trachyspina capensis no

Trachyspina mundaring no

Uloboridae Zosis `sp.` no

Zodariidae unknown unknown no

Àsteron grp` sp. no

Asteron? `sp.` no

Habronestes `sp.` no

Leptasteron platyconductor no

Masasteron `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Neostorena `sp. 2` no

Neostorena `sp. 1` no

Neostorena `sp.` no

Spinasteron `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Spinasteron `leeuweni` no

Spinasteron cavasteroides no

Spinasteron knowlesi no

Spinasteron waldockae no

Zoridae unknown unknown no



October 2011

86


Zoridae `Cloudbreak gen. 1` `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Argoctenus `sp.` no

Argoctenus `Cloudbreak sp. 1` no

Thasyraea `sp.` no

Arachnida (Opiliones)

Assamiidae Dampetrus `near isolatus` yes

Arachnida (Pseudoscorpionida)

Atemnidae Oratemnus sp. no

Chernetidae Nesidiochernes `sp.` no

Haplochernes `sp. 1` no

Haplochernes `sp. 2` no

Chernetidae Haplochernes `sp.` no

Austrochthonius `sp.` no

Lagynochthonius `yandi` no

Lagynochthonius `sp. Packsaddle` no

Tyrannochthonius aridus no

Tyrannochthonius `sp.` no

Garypidae Synsphyronus heptatrichus no

Synsphyronus gracilis yes

Synsphyronus `sp. nov.` no

Synsphyronus `sp. nov. 8/2 Pilbara` no

Synsphyronus `sp. nov. 8/1 Pilbara` no

Hyidae Indohya `sp.` no

Olpiidae unknown unknown no

`?Beierolpium` `sp.` no

Austrohorus `sp.` no

Austrohorus `sp. 1 (big)` no

Beierolpium `sp. 1` no

Beierolpium `sp. 8/4` no





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Olpiidae Beierolpium `sp. 8/2 (small)` no

Beierolpium `sp. 8/2 (large)` no

Eryolpium `sp.` no

Euryolpium `sp.` no

Indolpium `sp. 1` no

Indolpium `sp. 2` no

Indolpium `sp.` no

Xenolpium `sp.` no

Sternophoridae Afrosternophorus `sp.` no

Afrosternophorus `sp. 1` no

Arachnida (Scorpiones)

Buthidae Isometroides vescus no

Isometroides `sp. no

Isometroides `sp. 1` no

Lychas `?hairy‐tail` no

Lychas àdonis` no

Lychas ànnulatus?` no

Lychas àustroccidentalis?` no

Lychas `bituberculatus` no

Lychas `gracilimanus` possible

Lychas `hairy tail` no

Lychas `harveyi group` no

Lychas `mjobergi?` possible

Lychas `multipunctatus` no

Lychas `pilbara 1` no

Lychas `Pilbara 2` no

Lychas `prendinii` no

Lychas `racing stripe` no

Lychas `scottae` possible

Lychas `sp. 1` no

Lychas `sp. 2` no



October 2011

88


Buthidae Lychas `sp. 3` no

Lychas `sp. 4` no

Lychas `sp. 5` no

Lychas `sp. 6` no

Lychas `sp.` no

Lychas `spiny hairy tail` possible

Lychas `waldockae` possible

Lychas annulatus no

Lychas bituberculatus no

Lychas jonesae no

Urodacidae Urodacus `cloudbreak` possible

Urodacus `linnaei` possible

Urodacus `sp. 1` possible





Urodacus `sp. 9` Possible

Urodacus `sp.` possible

Urodacus armatus no

Urodacus hoplurus no

Urodacus megamastigus no

Urodacus novaehollandiae? no

Arachnida (Actinedida)

Anisitsiellidae Rutacarus `sp.` no

Arrenuridae Arrenurus separatus no

Arrenurus `sp.` no

Arrenurus ìndet.` no

Arrenurus `Janine 5` no

Caeculidae Neocaeculus `sp.` no



October 2011

89


Hydryphantidae Cyclohydryphantes occidentalis no

Mideopsidae Guineaxonopsis `sp.` no

Guineaxonopsis `sp. S1` no

Tillia `sp.` no

Arachnida (Trombidiformes)

Erythraeidae Leptus `sp.` no

Halacaridae unknown unknown no

Hygrobatidae Aspidiobates wittenoom no

Aspidiobates `sp.` no

Corticacarus `sp.` no

Trombidiidae unknown unknown no

Unionicolidae Recifella `sp. 1` no

Unionicola sp. no

Unionicola uncatiseta no

Unionicola longipalpis no

Arachnida (Ixodida)

Argasidae Ornithodorus guryneyi no

Ixodidae unknown unknown no

Amblyomma triguttatum no

Diplopoda (Polydesmida)

Paradoxosomatidae unknown unknown no

Antichiropus `sp.` possible

Antichiropus Àrea C` possible

Antichiropus `Chichester` possible

Diplopoda (Spirobolida)

Pachybolidae unknown unknown no

Austrostrophus `sp.` no

Austrostrophus stictopygus no

Diplopoda (Polyxenida)

Polyxenidae unknown unknown no

Synxenidae unknown unknown no



October 2011

90


Chilopoda (Scolopendromorpha)

Cryptopidae Cryptops sp. no

Scolopendridae Arthrorhabdus paucispinus no

Arthrorhabdus sp. no

Scolopendridae Cormocephalus `long anal legs` no

Cormocephalus `sp.` no

Cormocephalus strigosus no

Cormocephalus turneri no

Ethmostigmus curtipes no

Ethmostigmus muiri no

Ethmostigmus rubripes no

Scolopendra `sp.` no

Scolopendra laeta no

Scolopendra morsitans no

Chilopoda (Geophilomorpha)

Geophilidae unknown unknown possible

Oryidae unknown unknown possible

Gastropoda (Stylommatophora)

Bulimulidae Bothriembryon sp. possible

Camaenidae ?Quistrachia sp. possible

Quistrachia herberti Possible

Quistrachia turneri possible

Rhagada richardsonii possible

Rhagada tescorum possible

Helicodiscidae Stenopylis coarctata no

Lymnaeidae Austropleplea cf. lesssoni no

Planorbidae Gyraulus sp. no

Leichhardtia sp. no

Punctidae Gastrocopta cf. larapinta possible

Pupillidae Gastrocopta cf. hedleyi possible

Gastrocopta mussoni no



October 2011

91


Paralaoma sp. no

Pupoides cf. beltianus possible

Pupoides cf. eremicola possible

Pupoides pacificus no

Subulinidae Eremopeas sp. no

Eremopeas interioris no

Succineidae Succinea sp. no

Chilopoda (Scutigeromorpha)

Scutigeridae Allothereua lesueri no

Allothereua `sp.` no

Pesvarus `sp.` no

Pilbarascutigera incola no

Pilbarascutigera `sp.` no

Thereuopoda lesueri no

Thereuopodina `sp.` no

Pauropoda (Pauropodina)

Pauropodidae Decapauropus tenuis no



October 2011

92




October 2011

93

APPENDIX C NATUREMAP DEC DATABASE SEARCH



October 2011

94

DEC Naturemap Database Results

Taxa Species EPBC Act

WC Act DEC

Antipodogomphus hodgkini (dragonfly)

P2 Insects

Nososticta pilbara (dragonfly) P2

Molluscs Dupucharopa millestriata P2



October 2011

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APPENDIX D ECOLOGIA DATABASE SEARCH



October 2011

96

Ecologia Database Search Results for the Pilbara Region

Class (Order) Family Genus Species SRE Distance from Project area

Arachnida (Araneae: Araneomorphs)

Gnaphosidae Hemicloea sp. no 110km

Lamponidae Lamponata daviesae no 50km

Miturgidae unknown unknown no 50km

Selenopidae Anyphops? sp. potential 50km

Arachnida (Araneae: Mygalomorphs)

Actinopodidae Missulena sp. potential 50km,

Barychelidae unknown potential 100km

Aurecocrypta ‘Chichester’ no 10km

Synothele ‘MYG127’ potential 100km

Synothele xkarara no 10km

Ctenizidae Conothele sp. potential 100km

Dipluridae Cethegus sp. no 110km

Nemesiidae Aname sp. potential 110km

Aname ‘MYG001’ group no 100km

Kwonkan ‘MYG101’ no 100km

Yilgarnia ‘MYG033’ potential 100km

Arachnida (Scorpiones)

Buthidae Lychas 'adonis' no 50km, 100km, 110km

Lychas 'adonis?' no 50km

Lychas 'annulatus' no 50km

Lychas 'bituberculatis' no 100km, 110km

Lychas 'hairy tail' no 10km, 50km, 110km

Lychas 'harveyi' no 100km

Lychas 'multipunctatus' no 10km

Lychas 'pilbara1' no 110km

Lychas 'velvet' no 10km

Urodacidae Urodacus '110km' yes 110km

Urodacus sp. potential 100km



October 2011

97


Arachnida (Opiliones)

Assamiidae Dampetrus ‘Pilbara 1’ potential 10km

Arachnida (Pseudoscorpionida)

Atemnidae Oratemnus sp. no 50km

Chthoniidae Austrochthonius sp. no 50km

Tyrannochthonius aridus no 50km, 110km

Olipiidae Austrohorus sp. no 50km, 110km

Austrohorus sp B. no 50km

Austrohorus sp A. no 50km

Beieropium 'sp 8/2' no 50km, 100km, 110km

Beieropium 'sp 8/4 small' no 50km, 100km, 110km

Beieropium sp. no 50km

Beieropium 'sp.8/3' no 50km, 110km

Euryolpium sp. no 110km

Indolpium sp. no 50km, 100km, 110km,

Garypidae Synsphyronus gracilis yes 110km

Sternophorus Afrosternophorus sp. no 110km

Chilopoda (Scutigeromorpha)

Scutigeridae Scutigera sp. no 10km

Diplopoda (Polydesmida)

Paradoxosomatidae Antichiropus sp. potential 100km

Diplopoda (Spirobolida)

Pachybolidae Austrostrophus sticopygus no 110km

Gastrapoda (Stylommatophora)

Camaenidae unknown potential 100km

Camaenidae Quistrachia sp. yes 110km

Orthalicidae Bothriembryon sp. potential 100km

Succineidae Succinea sp no 100km

Gastrapoda (Pulmonata)



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Pupillidae unknown no 50km, 10km

Gastrapoda (Pulmonata)

Subulinidae Eremopeas interioris no 110km

Subulinidae Gastrocopta mussoni no 110km

Insecta (Hymenoptera)

Formicidae unknown no 80km, 100km

Insecta (Orthoptera)

Gryllidae unknown no 100km

Malacostraca (Isopoda)

Armadillidae Barrowdillo pseudopyrgoniscus no 110km

Barrowdillo sp. no 110km

Buddelundia sp. no 50km, 110km

Philosciidae Laevophiloscia sp. potential 50km

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