ORGANIZING LIVING THINGS

2.1

LEARNING TARGETS I can compare and contrast living and

non-living things

I can explain the current classification system of 3 domains and 6 kingdoms

I can describe the similarities and differences between living things in different kingdoms

LIVING THINGS

Living Things

1. Made of cells2. Carry out basic life

activities3. Grouped into Kingdoms

Plant Fungi Protist Archea Bacteria

Animal

Eubacteria

WHAT IS A PROPERTY? A property is a quality that describes an

object Properties can describe how an object

looks or feels Properties can also describe how an

object actsWe observe properties (sight, touch, smell,

taste)Examples:

A property of a rock is its hardness A property of a person is their eye color

CAN YOU NAME SOME PROPERTIES? Properties:

ColorTextureMassDensityShapeSize (height/weight)Metallic LusterMalleableSmellTaste

LIVING VS. NON-LIVING Carry out basic

life activities

Can move

Grow, develop, and reproduce

Called organisms

Do not carry out basic life activities

Do not move by themselves

Do not develop, grow or reproduce

Not made of cells

WHAT IS AN ORGANISM? An organism is any living thing that can

carry out basic life activities

A complete, individual living thing

CAN YOU NAME SOME ORGANISMS? Organisms:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CH. 1 REVIEW What are the 7 basic life activities?

1. Growth2. Development3. Getting food4. Using food and removing wastes5. Reproduction6. Sensing and Responding7. Movement

VOCABULARY Property Organism

Read pages 31-33 Self Check Questions pg. 33 #1-5 USE COMPLETE SENTENCES

CLASSIFYING LIVING THINGS

2.2

HOW ARE LIVING THINGS CLASSIFIED? Living things are more like one another

than they are like non-living thingsExample: They all carry out basic life

activities

However, living things are also very different from one anotherExample: A cat is different from a dog

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM All living things are divided into a

classification system: Kingdom (King) Phylum (Philip) Class (Claimed) Order (Only) Family (Five) Genus (Gold) Species (Shoes)

HISTORY OF TAXONOMY Taxonomy means classification All living things stem from a common

ancestor Carl Linnaeus developed an organization

system in 1758 His system only had two kingdoms:

Plant and Animal This system stayed unchanged until the

1960’s

TAXONOMY CHANGES In 1969, Thomas Whittaker proposed a 5

kingdom system He added Fungus, Protist and Monera to

the existing kingdoms Plant and Animal Whittaker defined the kingdoms on the

basis of if they possessed a true nucleus (eukaryotic)

Monera do not possess a true nucleus (prokaryotic)

The other 4 kingdoms are eukaryotic

MODERN DAY TAXONOMY New evidence supports that the 5

kingdom system is not correct As more and more unicellular organisms

are being discovered, these organisms also appear to be prokaryotic (no true nucleus)

These organisms did not fit into the Monera kingdom at all

In the 1980’s, Carl Woese proposed a radical reorganization of the 5 kingdoms into 3 domains

THREE DOMAINS Carl Woese’s design has been

increasingly accepted by biologists over the years

It is now the standard theory In his system, Woese placed all 4

eukaryotic kingdoms into one, single domain called Eukarya

Then, he split the Monera Kingdom into 2 Domains: Eubacteria (bacteria) and Archaea (archaebacteria)

He also placed most of the “unusual” prokaryotes (no true nucleus) in Archaea

THREE DOMAINS (CONT.) The plant and animal kingdoms were

demoted as individual kingdoms They are now within a domain This is consistent with recent

discoveries of more diversity among microbes

Woese’s 3 Domain system organizes biodiversity by evolutionary relationships rather than properties

LET’S LOOK AT THE DOMAINS New Classification Chart

VOCABULARY Kingdom Cilia Algae Decompose Microorganism Flagella Protist Eukaryotic Protozoan Pseudopod Taxonomy Prokaryotic

Read pages 36-39 Self Check Questions pg. 39 #1-5 USE COMPLETE SENTENCES

RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT You and a partner will be assigned one

of the Domains/Kingdoms to investigate You will create a poster outlining your

Domain/Kingdom and present to the class

Your poster will include background information, vocabulary associated, example organisms, recent findings, pictures, etc.

Your poster must be colorful and creative

You and your partner MUST WORK TOGETHER