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12.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
UPA Package 2, Module 4
OVERVIEW OF LAND USE CONTROL AND LAND USE PLANNING
22.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Land use control means influence and limitation imposed on land use activity and process in order to achieve set land use under some circumstances, which promotes the land use developing toward anticipated target.
What is Land Use Control
32.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Governments determine how land is to be developed and used in a variety of ways.
• Direct acquisition (purchase or expropriation);• The provision of incentives (strategies, schemes and
programmes)• Regulations (zoning, site plan control, building regulations and
development control).
What is Land Use Control
42.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Relationship Between land use planning and land use control
One technical task of LUP is to provide correct land use
scheme
LUP is the key measure to implement land use control
What is Land Use Planning
52.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
The purpose of land use planning
to help local decision makers, developers and citizens determine how the community envisions future development.
to ensure compatible land uses and to manage development and growth.
What is Land Use Planning
62.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
In principles of German Land Law, the objectives of planning is defined as:
land use planning shall protect and promote:• sustainable urban development• social justice in land use• an environment worthy of human beings, and the natural
foundations of human existence
What is Land Use Planning
72.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Land use planning and Land use plan
Land use planning: dynamic process
Land use plan: static outcomes
What is Land Use Planning
82.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Land Use Planning Process
Stakeholders, Planners and Rules in Land Use Planning
Process
RULES(planning and development procedures)
MARKETLand OwnersDevelopersBuildersRealtorsBankers
GOVERNMENT FederalStateRegionalLocal
INTERESTSNeighborhoodsEnvironmentalistEconomic DevelopersFarmersMinority Groups
LAND PLANNERSFuture Land UseCurrent Land Use
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DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENTApplying, enforcing, and improving ordinances, plans, capital improvement programs, acquisitions, information and other elements of the development system
ADVANCE PLANNINGFormulating and adopting policyFormulating and adopting a development management system and specific legislation
PROBLEM SOLVINGAnalyzing and solving unanticipated problemAssessing proposals to change development management system or develop land
reports, maps, tables, diskettes
plans, legislationoral presentations, memos, issue papers, draft ordinances
Permits, inspections, sanctions, community facilities, acquisitions, advice, etc
DEVELOPMENT
INTELLIGENCEBuilding and maintaining an information systemAnalyzing and interpreting dataDisseminating information
Four Functions in Land Use Planning
Process
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The verbal policy plan
The land classification plan
The land use design
The development management plan
The policy plan
long-range
shorter-range
Major Forms of Land Use Planning in Advance Planning Function
Land Use Planning Process
112.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Example of A Verbal Policy Plan The Calvert County, MD Comprehensive Plan, 1983
It was the winner of a 1985 APA award• Its policies are concise, easy to grasp, and grouped in
sections corresponding to the six divisions of county government responsible for implementation
• It remains a policy plan, because it does not specify a program of specific actions for development management
• It contains no land use map
The contemporary hybrid plan
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Example of A Land Classification Plan A Comprehensive Plan for Forsyth County, North Carolina
The plan won honorable mention from APA in 1989.• it employs a six-category system of districts, plus a category
for activity centers• it identifies both short- and long-range growth areas (4A and
4B)• policies applicable to each district are detailed in the plan.
The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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Example of A Land Use Design Map
The 1990 Howard County (Maryland) General Plan
It was the winner of an APA award in 1991 • adds new types of goals, policies, and planning techniques.• organizes around six themes/chapters instead of the
customary plan elements
The contemporary hybrid plan
152.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
The contemporary hybrid plan
162.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Example of A Development Management Plan
The Sanibel, Florida, Comprehensive Land Use Plan (1981) The plan outlines the standards and procedures of regulations
(i.e., the means of implementation)
Plan and implementation are merged into one instrument,
The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan Toward a Sustainable Seattle: A Plan for Managing Growth (1994) The plan is designed to meet the requirements of the
Washington State Growth Management Act. • 3 core values-social equity, environmental stewardship, and
economic security• The goal is to be achieved by integrating plans for land use
and transportation, healthy and affordable housing, and careful capital investment in a civic compact based on a shared vision
The contemporary hybrid plan
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202.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan Sustainable Seattle
• The land use element designates urban center villages, hub
urban villages, residential urban villages, neighborhood villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers, each with specific design guidelines
• The city's capacity for growth is identified, and then allocated according to the urban village strategy
• Future development is directed to mixed-use neighborhoods• Detailed land use policies carry out the plan
The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
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Another Example of A Contemporary Hybrid Plan
Loudoun County Choices and Changes: General Plan (1991) The plan won APA's 1994 award for comprehensive planning in
small jurisdictions.Its goals are grouped into three categories: ---Natural and cultural resources goals---Growth management goals ---Community design goals
The contemporary hybrid plan
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The contemporary hybrid plan
242.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Land Use AnalysisExisting Land Use Inventory and Analysis The first step in analyzing land use was to conduct an inventory of
existing uses. (Existing land uses were digitized from the aerial photos)
The inventory classified land uses into 25 categories.
The contemporary hybrid plan
252.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
the Town of
Washington
The contemporary hybrid plan
262.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
the Town of
Washington
The land use development pattern is influenced by several key factors. They include:
1. Land ownership patterns.2. Location of agricultural lands.3. Lands enrolled in Forest Management Programs.4. Privately owned lands adjacent area lakes.5. The location and function of State Highway 70.
The contemporary hybrid plan
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the Town of
Washington
The contemporary hybrid plan
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Town of WashingtonDevelopment Regulations A zoning ordinance consists of a map and a written text. The zoning map arranges the community into districts or zones...conservancy, agriculture, residential, commercial, industrial, etc.Within each of these districts, the text of the zoning ordinances specifies the permitted land uses, the size of buildings, yard/lot dimensions, and other prerequisites.
The contemporary hybrid plan
292.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
the Town of
Washington
The contemporary hybrid plan
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Town of Washington The town and county should utilize it as a guide for reviewing subdivision plats, certified survey maps, rezoning requests, updating the town zoning map, and other land use proposals.
The town has many additional local ordinances that may affect land use or have some regulatory impact on development.
The contemporary hybrid plan
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the Town of
Washington
The contemporary hybrid plan
322.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
the Town of WashingtonPermit AnalysisThe issuance of permits relate the incidence of new housing starts, rezonings, or the number of land transactions into activity trends that impact the landscape.
An additional measure that assists in the illustration of the growth in residential housing and commercial development activity for the Town is building permit activity.
The contemporary hybrid plan
332.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
the Town of
Washington
The contemporary hybrid plan
342.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Planning System and Land Use Planning
The horizontal linkages
352.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
The vertical linkages
Planning System and Land Use Planning
362.4.1 Overview of Land Use Control and Land Use Planning
Planning Level
Objective of LUP Responsibilities
Nation · guidelines for policies on conservation and resources use;· normative directives for the use of resources: legal framework
(land and planning rights);· drafting national programs for the use and protection of land resources (tropical forest action plan, desertification control
programs, investment guidelines);
· relevant ministries or technical authorities and organisations;· inter-ministerial committees.
Region/District
· regulation of land use and of checking procedures;· establishment of technical services;
· training for participants (capacity building);· promoting dialogue;
·…
· political and administrative committees;
· forum with responsibility forapplication of guidelines;· governmental and non-
governmental technical services.
Community/Village
· conciliation of interests;· offering solutions to problems, establishing institutions
dealing with LUP-issues;· (if necessary based on a traditional system);
· decisions on the implementation of LUP;
· socially accepted committee;· planning group as service unit of
the higher level (including local experts and facilitators).
LUP at different planning levels
Planning System and Land Use Planning
