26.3 part 2 Winning the War

Objective 1: Describe how WW1 became a total war and how these

efforts helped to end the warObjective 2: Outline how Germany

Collapsed

• March Bread Riots lead to over throw of Tsar• V.I. Lenin takes power with promise of ending

the war• March 1918 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk• Central Powers now only had one front –

began attempts to break the stalemate

U.S. entry into the Great War• May 1915 – U-Boat sunk the

British liner Lusitania• Almost 1,200 passengers

killed – 128 Americans• Last straw was Zimmerman

note. • April 2, 1917 Wilson and

Congress declare war.• Doughboys bring new

energy/money/resources to the fight.

• 1918 – 2 million U.S. troops in Europe

The Fourteen Points

• Issued in January 1918 by President Wilson• Self-determination – right to choose their own

form of government • List of terms to resolve WW1 and future wars– Freedom of :the seas, trade, reduction of arms,

end secret treaties

Demise of the Central Powers

• German “Ludendorff Offensive” fails at 2nd Marne. Why?

• Fresh American, French, Moroccan forces

Collapse of Germany• Nov. 3, 1918: German sailors mutiny• Nov. 9. 1918: Berlin rebels• The Kaiser flees to the Netherlands• CEASEFIRE 11th hour, 11th day, 11th month – ends Great

War• FINAL TOLL: • 4 years of fighting, involving 30 nations• 26 million dead ( half are civilians)• 20 million wounded• 10 million refugees• COST= $350,000,000,000