ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

DAE Technology

DAE Technology

DAE Technology

DAE Technology

DAE Technology

DAE Technology

DAE Technology

MATHS-213 Applied Mathematics-II

TPC

Total Contact Hrs:

303

Theory:96 Hrs.

Practical:0

Aims & Objectives:

After completing the course the students will be able to:

Solve the problems of calculus and analytical Geometry.

Course Contents:

1.FUNCTIONS & LIMITS.8 Hours

1.1 Constants and variables

1.2 Functions & their types

1.3 The concept of limit

1.4 Limit of a function

1.5 Fundamental theorems on limit

1.6 Some important limits

1.7 Continuous function

1.8 Problems

2.DIFFERENTIATION.23 Hours

2.1 Derivative of a function.

2.2 Geometrical interpretation of differentiation.

2.3 Differentiation by first principle.

2.4 Rules for differentiation.

2.5 Differentiation of algebraic functions.

2.6 Differentiation of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions.

2.7 Differentiation of logarithmic and exponential functions.

2.8 Problems.

3. HIGHER DERIVATIVES AND APPLICTION OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS.9 Hours

3.1 Second derivative of a function.

3.2 3rd derivative of a function.

3.3 Increasing and decreasing function.

3.4 Maximum and minimum values.

3.5 Criteria for maximum and minimum values.

3.6 Methods of finding maxima and minima.

3.7 Problems.

4.INTEGRATION.10 Hours

4.1 Basic concepts of integration.

4.2 Fundamental formulae & important rules.

4.3 Integration by substitution.

4.4 Integration by trigonometric substitution.

4.5 Integration by parts.

4.6 Definite integrals and its applications.

5.INTEGRATION BY USING PARTIAL FRACTIONS.15 Hours

5.1 Introduction to partial fractions.

5.2 Linear distinct factors case-I

5.3 Linear repeated factors case-II

5.4 Quadratic distinct factors case-III

5.5 Quadratic repeated factors case-IV

5.6 Integration of rational fractions.

5.7 Problems.

6.DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.6 Hours

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Differential equation of order-1

6.3 Differential equation of order-2

6.4 Solution of 1st and 2nd order differential equations

6.5 Problems

7. FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY AND STRAIGHT LINE.10 Hours

7.1 Rectangular coordinate system.

7.2 Distance formula.

7.3 Ratio formula.

7.4 Slope of a line.

7.5 Slope formula and angle formula.

7.6 Parallel and perpendicular lines.

7.7 Equation of lines parallel to X-axis and Y-axis.

7.8 Important forms of equation of the straight line.

7.9 Intersection of two lines.

7.10 Distance between a line and a point.

8.CONIC SECTIONS.9 Hours

8.1 Circle

8.2 Standard equation of a circle

8.3 General equation of a circle

8.4 Radius and coordinates of centre

8.5 Parabola

8.6 Standard equation of parabola

8.7 Four forms of standard equation

8.8 General equation of parabola

8.9 Ellipse

8.10 Standard equation and related definitions

8.11 Hyperbola

8.12 Standard equation and related definitions

8.13 Problems.

9.STATISTICS.6 Hours

9.1 Concept of mean, media and mode

9.2 Standard deviation

9.3 Laws of probability

9.4 Problems.

Ch-213APPLIED CHEMISTRY.Total Contact Hours

TPC

Theory

64 Hours

2 3 3

Practical96 Hours

AIMSAfter studying this course a student will be able to:

1.Understand significance and role of chemistry in the development of modern technology.

2.Become acquainted with the basic principles of chemistry as applied in the study of relevant technology.

3.Know scientific methods for production, properties and use of materials of industrial & technological significance.

4.Gain skill for the efficient conduct of practical in a chemistry lab.

1.INTRODUCTION.4 Hours

1.1Scope and significance of the subject.

1.2Orientation with reference to this technology.

1.3Terms used & units of measurements in the study of chemistry.

2.FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY.4 Hours

2.1Symbols, Valency, Radicals, formulas.

2.2Chemical Reactions & their types.

2.3Balancing of equations by ionic method.

3.ATOMIC STRUCTURE.4 Hours

3.1Sub-atomic particles.

3.2Architecture of atoms of elements, Atomic No. and Atomic weight.

3.3Periodic classification of elements, periodic law.

4.CHEMICAL BOND.4 Hours

4.1Nature of Chemical Bond.

4.2Electrovalent bond with examples.

4.3Covalent Bond (Polar and Non-polar) sigma & Pi Bonds. with examples.

4.4Co-ordinate Bond with examples.

5.GASES AND LIQUIDS.4 Hours

5.1The liquid and gaseous state.

5.2The Liquids and their general properties (Density, viscosity, surface tension capillary action etc).

5.3Gases and their general properties.

5.4Gas laws (Boyle's law, Charle's law & Graham's law of diffusion).

5.5Problems involving gas laws.

6.WATER.4 Hours

6.1Chemical nature and properties.

6.2Impurities.

6.3Hardness of water (types, causes & removal)

6.4Scales of measuring hardness (Degrees Clark, French, PPM, Mg-per liter).

6.5Boiler feed water, scales and treatment.

7.ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS.4 Hours

7.1Definitions with examples.

7.2Properties, their strength, Basicity & Acidity.

7.3Salts and their classification with examples.

7.4pH-value and scale.

8.OXIDATION & REDUCTION.4 Hours

8.1The process, definition & scope with examples.

8.2Oxidizing and Reducing agents.

8.3Oxides and their classification.

9.NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY.4 Hours

9.1Introduction.

9.2Radioactivity (alpha, beta & gamma rays).

9.3Half life process.

9.4Nuclear reaction & transformation of elements.

9.5Isotopes and their uses.

10.ALLOYS.4 Hours

10.1Introduction with need.

10.2Preparation and properties.

10.3Some important alloys and their composition.

10.4Uses.

11.FUELS.4 Hours

11.1Introduction with their significance.

11.2Solid fuels.

11.3Liquid Fuels.

11.4Gaseous Fuels.

12.CORROSION.4 Hours

12.1Introduction, causes and types.

12.2Rusting of iron.

12.3Corrosion control.

13.METALLURGY.4 Hours

13.1General processes/operation of metallurgy.

13.2Chemistry of Iron, copper and Aluminum with their Ores.

13.3Ores, extraction and metallurgy of iron.

13.4Cast iron, Wrought iron and steel.

14.THERMO-CHEMISTRY.4 Hours

14.1Introduction with its significance in modern technology.

14.2Thermo-chemical units and reactions.

14.3Heat of reaction and heat of combustion.

14.4Hess's Law.

14.5The process of combustion.

14.6Calorific value.

14.7Numerical problems pertaining to combustion.

15.LUBRICANTS.4 Hours

15.1Introduction.

15.2Classification.

15.3Properties of lubricants.

15.4Selection of lubricants.

16.POLLUTION.4 Hours

16.1The problem and its dangers

16.2Causes of pollution.

16.3Air pollution and its control.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED1.Text Book of Intermediate Chemistry (I&II)

2.Ilmi Applied science by Sh. Ata Mohammad.

3.Applied chemistry for engineers by Eric S. Gyngell.

4.Engineering Chemistry by M.A. Usmani.

Ch-213

APPLIED CHEMISTRY.INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.UNDERSTAND THE SCOPE, SIGNIFICANCE AND ROLE OF THE SUBJECT.

1.1Define chemistry and its terms.

1.2Define the units of measurements in the study of chemistry.

1.3Explain the importance of chemistry in various fields of specialization.

1.4Explain the role of chemistry in the concerned technology.

2.UNDERSTAND LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

2.1Define symbol, valency, radical, formula with examples of each.

2.2Write chemical formula of common compounds.

2.3Define chemical reaction and equation.

2.4Describe types of chemical reactions with examples.

2.5Explain the ionic method of balancing the equation.

3.UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS.

3.1Define atom.

3.2Describe the fundamental sub atomic particles

3.3Distinguish between atomic no. and mass no; and between isotopes and isobars.

3.4Explain the arrangements of electrons in different shells and sub energy levels.

3.5Explain the grouping and placing of elements in the periodic table.

3.6State the periodic law of elements.

4.UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL BONDS.

4.1Define chemical bond.

4.2Describe the nature of chemical bond.

4.3Differentiate between electrovalent and covalent bonding.

4.4Explain the formation of polar and non polar sigma and pi-bond with examples.

4.5Describe the nature of coordinate bond with examples.

5.GASES AND LIQUIDS.

5.1 Understand the gaseous and liquid states of matter.

5.1.1Describe the liquid and gaseous states of matter.

5.1.2Describe the general properties of liquid.

5.1.3Describe the general properties of gases.

5.2Understand gas equation.

5.2.1State Boyle's law, Charle's law, Graham's law of diffusion, Dalton's law of partial pressure.

5.2.2State the mathematical form of these laws.

5.2.3Derive gas equation.

5.2.4Solve problems using gas law and gas equation.

6.UNDERSTAND THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF WATER.

6.1Describe the chemical nature of water with its formula.

6.2Describe the general impurities present in water.

6.3Explain the causes and methods to remove hardness of water.

6.4Express hardness in different units like mg/liter. p.p.m, degrees Clark and degrees French.

6.5Describe the formation and nature of scales in boiler feed water.

6.6Explain the method for the treatment of scales.

6.7Explain the sewage treatment and desalination of sea water.

7.UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS.

7.1Define acids, bases and salts with examples.

7.2Describe general properties of acids and bases.

7.3Differentiate between acidity and basicity and use the related terms.

7.4Define salts, give their classification with examples.

7.5Explain p-H value of solution and pH scale.

8.UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF OXIDATION AND REDUCTION.

8.1Define oxidation.

8.2Explain the oxidation process with examples.

8.3Define reduction.

8.4Explain reduction process with examples.

8.5Define oxidizing and reducing agents with examples.

8.6Define oxides.

8.7Classify the oxides with examples.

9.UNDERSTAND THE FUNDAMENTALS OF NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY.

9.1Define nuclear chemistry and radio activity.

9.2Differentiate between Alpha , Beta and Gamma particles.

9.3Explain half life process.

9.4Explain nuclear reactions resulting in transformation of elements with examples.

9.5State the uses of isotopes.

10.UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF ALLOYS USED IN THE RELEVANT TECHNOLOGY.

10.1Define alloy.

10.2Describe different methods for the preparation of alloys.

10.3State important properties of alloys.

10.4Explain composition, properties and uses of different alloys.

11.UNDERSTAND THE NATURE AND USES OF SOLID, LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS.

11.1Define fuel and give their significance in technological advancements.

11.2Distinguish among solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

11.3Explain calorific value.

11.4Describe coal with its utilization.

11.5Describe petroleum and its utilization.

11.6Describe various gaseous fuels.

11.7Enlist nuclear and special fuels.

12.UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF CORROSION.

12.1Define corrosion.

12.2Describe different types of corrosion.

12.3State the causes of corrosion.

12.4Explain the process of rusting of iron.

12.5Describe methods to prevent/control corrosion.

13.UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN THE EXTRACTION OF METALS LIKE IRON, COPPER AND ALUMINUM. 13.1Define metallurgy

13.2Explain concentration, roasting, calcination and reduction.

13.3Describe physical & chemical properties of iron, copper and aluminum.

13.4Enlist relevant ores of iron, copper and aluminium with their formulae.

13.5Explain the method of extraction and metallurgy in a blast furnace of relevant ores of iron.

13.4Outline important properties of cast iron, wrought iron and steel.

14.UNDERSTAND THERMO CHEMISTRY.

14.1Define Thermo chemistry and state Thermo chemical units.

14.2Explain heat of formation, combustion and neutralization.

14.3Explain Hess's law.

14.4Explain the process of combustion.

14.5Solve numerical problems relating to quantities of air & other gases in combustion.

15.UNDERSTAND THE CHEMISTRY OF LUBRICANTS. 15.1Define a lubricant

15.2Explain the uses of lubricants.

15.3Describe classification of lubricants with examples.

15.3State the properties of oils, greases and solid lubricants.

15.4Explain the method of selecting lubricant for particular purpose/job.

16.UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF POLLUTION.

16.1Define pollution (air, water, soil).

16.2State the causes of environmental pollution.

16.3Enlist air pollutant gases.

16.4Explain the methods used to control air pollution.

Ch-213

APPLIED CHEMISTRYLIST OF PRACTICALS1.To introduce the common apparatus, glassware and chemical reagents used in the chemistry lab.

2.To purify a chemical substance by crystallization.

3.To separate a mixture of sand and salt.

4.To find the melting point of substance.

5.To find the pH of a solution with pH paper.

6.To separate a mixture of inks by chromatography.

7.To determine the co-efficient of viscosity of benzene with the help of Ostwald vasomotor.

8.To find the surface tension of a liquid with a stalagmometer.

9.To perform electrolysis of water to produce Hydrogen and Oxygen.

10.To determine the chemical equivalent of copper by electrolysis of Cu SO.

11.To get introduction with the scheme of analysis of salts for basic radicals.

12.To analyse 1st group radicals (Ag+ - Pb++ - Hg+).

13.To make practice for detection 1st group radicals.

14.To get introduction with the scheme of II group radicals.

15.To detect and confirm II-A radicals (hg++, Pb++++, Cu+, Cd++, Bi+++).

16.To detect and confirm II-B radicals Sn+++, Sb+++, As+++).

17.To get introduction with the scheme of III group radicals (Fe+++ - Al+++, Cr+++)

18.To detect and confirm Fe+++, Al+++ and Cr+++.

19.To get introduction with he scheme of IV group radicals.

20.To detect and confirm An++ and Mn++ radicals of IV group.

21.To detect and conform Co++ and Ni++ radicals of IV group.

22.To get introduction with the Acid Radical Scheme.

23.To detect dilute acid group.

24.To detect and confirm CO"3 and HCO'3 radicals.

25.To get introduction with the methods/apparatus of conducting volumetric estimations.

26.To prepare standard solution of a substance.

27.To find the strength of a given alkali solution.

28.To estimate HCO'3 contents in water.

29.To find out the %age composition of a mixture solution of KNO3 and KOH volumetrically.

30.To find the amount of chloride ions (Cl') in water volumetrically.

Mgm-211BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

TPC

101

Total contact hours

Theory32 Hrs.

Prerequisites:The students shall already be familiar with the language concerned.

AIMSThe course has been designed to enable the students to.

1.Develop communication skills.

2.Understand basic principles of good and effective business writing in commercial and industrial fields.

3.Develop knowledge and skill to write technical report with confidence and accuracy.

COURSE CONTENTS1.COMMUNICATION PROCESS. 6 Hours

1.1Purposes of communication

1.2Communication process

1.3Distortions in communication

1.4Consolidation of communiqu

1.5Communication flow

1.6Communication for self development

2.ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS. 6 Hours

2.1Significance of speaking.

2.2Verbal and non-verbal messages.

2.3Strategic steps of speaking.

2.4Characteristics of effective oral messages.

2.5Communication Trafficking.

2.6Oral presentation.

3.QUESTIONING SKILLS. 3 Hours

3.1Nature of question.

3.2Types of questions.

3.3Characteristics of a good question.

3.4Questioning strategy

4.LISTENING SKILLS. 5 Hours

4.1Principles of active listening.

4.2Skills of active listening.

4.3Barriers to listening.

4.4Reasons of poor listening.

4.5Giving Feedback.

5.INTERVIEWING SKILLS. 3 Hours

5.1Significance of interviews.

5.2Characteristics of interviews.

5.3Activities in an interviewing situation

5.4Types of interviews.

5.5Interviewing strategy.

6.REPORT WRITING. 3 Hours

6.1Goals of report writing

6.2Report format.

6.3Types of reports.

6.4Report writing strategy.

7.READING COMPREHENSION. 2 Hours

7.1Reading problems.

7.2Four Reading skills.

8.GROUP COMMUNICATION. 4 Hours

8.1Purposes of conducting meetings.

8.2Planning a meeting.

8.3Types of meetings.

8.4Selection f a group for meeting.

8.5Group leadership skills.

8.6Running a successful meeting.

8.7Active participation techniques.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS1.Sh. Ata-ur-Rehman Effective Business Communication & Report Writing.

2.Ulman J.N. Could JR. Technical Reporting.

Mgm-211BUSINESS COMMUNICATION.INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES1.UNDERSTAND THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS.

1.1State the benefits of two way communication.

1.2Describe a model of communication process.

1.3Explain the major communication methods used in organization.

1.4Identify the barriers to communication and methods of overcoming these barriers.

1.5Identify misconceptions about communication.

2.UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF ORAL.

2.1Identify speaking situations with other peoples.

2.2Identify the strategy steps of speaking.

2.3Identify the characteristics of effective speaking.

2.4State the principles of one-way communication.

2.5State the principles of two-way communication.

2.6Identify the elements of oral presentation skills.

2.7Determine the impact of non-verbal communication on oral communication.

3.DETERMINE THE USES OF QUESTIONING SKILLS TO GATHER AND CLARIFY INFORMATION IN THE ORAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS.

3.1Identify different types of questions.

3.2Determine the purpose of each type of question and its application.

3.3Identify the hazards to be avoided when asking questions.

3.4Demonstrate questioning skills.

4.DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF ACTIVE LISTENING SKILL IN THE ORAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS.

4.1State the principles of active listening.

4.2Identify skills of active listening.

4.3Identify barriers to active listening.

4.4State the benefits of active listening.

4.5Demonstrate listening skills.

4.6Explain the importance of giving and receiving feed back.

5.DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE INTERVIEW TYPE FOR THE SPECIFIC WORK-RELATED SITUATION AND CONDUCT A WORK-RELATED INTERVIEW.

5.1State the significance of interviews.

5.2State the characteristics of interviews.

5.3Explain the activities in an interviewing situation.

5.4Describe the types of interviews.

5.5Explain the interviewing strategy.

5.6Prepare instrument for a structured interview.

6.PREPARE A REPORT OUT-LINE, BASED ON SUBJECT MATTER AND AUDIENCE.

6.1Identify the different types of reports.

6.2Determine when to use an informal or formal report presentation.

6.3Identify the stages of planning a report.

6.4Identify the parts of a report and choose the parts appropriate for each type of report.

6.5Draft a report outline.

7.DEMONSTRATE READING COMPREHENSION.

7.1Identify major reading problems.

7.2Identify basic reading skills.

7.3State methods of previewing written material.

7.4Identify methods of concentration when reading.

7.5Demonstrate reading comprehension.

8.UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLES OF GROUP COMMUNICATIONS.

8.1State the purpose and characteristics of major types of meeting.

8.2Explain responsibilities of a meeting/committee.

8.3Identify problems likely to be faced at meeting and means to overcome these problems.

8.4Distinguish between content and process at meetings.

8.5Explain the key characteristics of a good group facilitator.

Mgm 221BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS Total Contact Hours

Theory

32

T P C

Practical

0

1 0 1

AIMSThe students will be able to develop management skills, get acquainted the learner with the principles of management and economic relations and develop commercial/economic approach to solve the problems in the industrial set-up.

COURSE CONTENTS1.ECONOMICS2 Hours

1.1Definition: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Prof. Robins.

1.2Nature and scope

1.3Importance for technicians.

2.BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS1 Hour

2.1Utility

2.2Income

2.3Wealth

2.4Saving

2.5Investment

2.6Value.

3.DEMAND AND SUPPLY.2 Hours

3.1Definition of demand.

3.2Law of demand.

3.3Definition of supply.

3.4Law of supply.

4.FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.2 Hours

4.1Land

4.2Labour

4.3Capital

4.4Organization.

5.BUSINESS ORGANIZATION.3 Hours

5.1Sole proprietorship.

5.2Partnership

5.3Joint stock company.

6.ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS4 Hours

6.1Preparing, planning, establishing, managing, operating and evaluating relevant resources in small business.

6.2Business opportunities, goal setting.

6.3Organizing, evaluating and analyzing opportunity and risk tasks.

7.SCALE OF PRODUCTION.2 Hours

7.1Meaning and its determination.

7.2Large scale production.

7.3Small scale production.

8.ECONOMIC SYSTEM3 Hours

8.1Free economic system.

8.2Centrally planned economy.

8.3Mixed economic system.

9.MONEY.1 Hour

9.1Barter system and its inconveniences.

9.2Definition of money and its functions.

10.BANK.1 Hour

10.1Definition

10.2Functions of a commercial bank.

10.3Central bank and its functions.

11.CHEQUE1 Hour

11.1Definition

11.2Characteristics and kinds of cheque.

11.3Dishonour of cheque.

12.FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS2 Hours

12.1IMF

12.2IDBP

12.3PIDC

13.TRADE UNION2 Hours

13.1Introduction and brief history.

13.2Objectives, merits and demerits.

13.3Problems of industrial labour.

14.INTERNATIONAL TRADE.2 Hours

14.1Introduction

14.2Advantages and disadvantages.

15.MANAGEMENT1 Hour

15.1Meaning

15.2Functions

16.ADVERTISEMENT2 Hours

16.1The concept, benefits and draw-backs.

16.2Principal media used in business world.

17.ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN1 Hour

17.1Introduction

17.2Economic problems and remedies.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED1.Nisar-ud-Din, Business Organization, Aziz Publisher, Lahore

2.M. Saeed Nasir,Introduction to Business, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore.

3.S.M. Akhtar, An Introduction to Modern Economics, United Limited, Lahore.

Mgm-221BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS.INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES1.UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMICS.

1.1State definition of economics given by Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall and Professor Robins.

1.2Explain nature and scope of economics.

1.3Describe importance of study of economics for technicians.

2.UNDERSTAND BASIC TERMS USED IN ECONOMICS.

2.1Define basic terms, utility, income, wealth, saving, investment and value.

2.2Explain the basic terms with examples

3.UNDERSTAND LAW OF DEMAND AND LAW OF SUPPLY.

3.1Define Demand.

3.2Explain law of demand with the help of schedule and diagram.

3.3State assumptions and limitation of law of demand.

3.4Define Supply.

3.5Explain law of Supply with the help of schedule and diagram.

3.6State assumptions and limitation of law of supply.

4.UNDERSTAND THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

4.1Define the four factors of production.

4.2Explain labour and its features.

4.3Describe capital and its peculiarities.

5.UNDERSTAND FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION.

5.1Describe sole proprietorship, its merits and demerits.

5.2Explain partnership, its advantages and disadvantages.

5.3Describe joint stock company, its merits and demerits.

5.4Distinguish public limited company and private limited company.

6.UNDERSTAND ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS

6.1Explain preparing, planning, establishing and managing small business set up

6.2Explain evaluating all relevant resources

6.3Describe organizing analyzing and innovation of risk of task

7.UNDERSTAND SCALE OF PRODUCTION.

7.1Explain scale of production and its determination.

7.2Describe large scale production and it merits.

7.3Explain small scale of production and its advantages and disadvantages.

8.UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS.

8.1Describe free economic system and its characteristics.

8.2Explain centrally planned economic system, its merits and demerits.

8.3State mixed economic system and its features.

9.UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MONEY

9.1Define money

9.2Explain barter system and its inconveniences.

9.3Explain functions of money.

10.UNDERSTAND BANK AND ITS FUNCTIONS.

10.1Define bank.

10.2Describe commercial bank and its functions.

10.3State central bank and its functions.

11.UNDERSTAND CHEQUE AND DISHONOR OF CHEQUE.

11.1Define cheque.

11.2Enlist the characteristics of cheque.

11.3Identify the kinds of cheque.

11.4Describe the causes of dishonor of a cheque.

12.UNDERSTAND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

12.1Explain IMF and its objectives.

12.2Explain organisational set up and objectives of IDBP.

12.3Explain organisational set up and objectives of PIDC.

13.UNDERSTAND TRADE UNION, ITS BACKGROUND AND FUNCTIONS.

13.1Describe brief history of trade union.

13.2State functions of trade union.

13.3Explain objectives, merits and demerits of trade unions.

13.4Enlist problems of industrial labour.

14.UNDERSTAND INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

14.1Explain international trade.

14.2Enlist its merits and demerits.

15.UNDERSTAND MANAGEMENT

15.1Explain meaning of management.

15.2Describe functions of management.

15.3Identify the problems of business management.

16. UNDERSTAND ADVERTISEMENT.

16.1Explain the concept of advertisement.

16.2Enlist benefits and drawbacks of advertisement.

16.3Describe principal media of advertisement used in business world.

17.UNDERSTAND THE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN.

17.1Describe economy of Pakistan.

17.2Explain economic problems of Pakistan

17.3Explain remedial measures for economic problems of Pakistan.

measure.

El.T 214:ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS

TPC

334

Total contact hours:

Theory:96 Hours

Practical:96 Hours

Pre-requisite:Electrical Essentials and Networks (El.T. 114)

AIM.Apply the principles of operation and function of various electronic components and devices to practical circuits.

SPECIFIC:

1.Identify various electronics components/devices used in the field of electronics.

2.Explain the principle of operation of various type of electronic components/devices.

3.Identify the function of each electronic components/devices.

4.Identify the pin configurations of various electronics components/devices.

5.Identify specification of electronic components/devices.

6.Identify the use of electronic components.

COURSE CONTENTS.1.DIODES AND APPLICATIONS.

(9 Hours)

1.1Biasing the PN junction.

1.1.1Depletion region, Junction barrier potential

1.1.2Forward and reverse bias.

1.2Rectifier Diode.

1.2.1Half wave and full wave (Bridge) rectifier.

1.2.2Ripple factor, surge current.

1.2.3Rectifier filter: L, PI and T filters.

1.3Diode Multiplier.

1.3.1Voltage multiplier circuits (Doubler, Tripler, Quadrupler)

1.4Diode Data Sheet

1.5Common faults in rectifier.

1.6 Diode as a switch.

2.BIPOLAR JUNCTION AND FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS.(27 Hours)

2.1Transistor types and BJT construction

2.2Basic Transistor operation, Forward, Reverse Bias. Transistor current.

2.3Transistor Parameters and Ratings

2.4Transistor as a voltage amplifier.

2.5Transistor amplifier configuration, comparison and uses.

2.6Transistor, modes of operation.

2.7 Transistor as a switch.

2.8Transistor and IC packages and terminal Identification.

i)General purpose transistors (TO-18, TO-39, TO-46, TO-52, TO-72, TO-92, TO-23 AB)

ii) Power Transistor (TO-3, TO-218, TO-220, TO-225)

iii) RF Transistor.

2.9BJT Biasing Techniques:

3.9.1The DC operating point.

3.9.2The fixed base bias.

3.9.3The emitter bias.

3.9.4Voltage divider bias.

3.9.5The collector bias.

2.10 Field Effect Transistor and its Biasing:

3.10.1 Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET).

3.10.2 JFET Characteristics and parameter.

3.10.3JFET Biasing.

3.10.4Metal oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET) types.

3.10.5MOSFET Biasing.

3.SPECIAL DIODES.

(12 Hours)

3.1Zener Diodes.

3.1.1Zener Diode as voltage Regulator, percentage of regulation.

3.1.2Zanier limiting.

3.2Varactor Diodes.

3.2.1Varactor in Tuning Circuits.

3.3 Optical Diodes

3.3.1Light Emitting Diode(LED)

3.3.2Liquid crystal Diode(LCD)

3.3.3Photo diode.

3.4Other Diodes.

3.4.1Schottky diode, construction, characteristics, uses

3.4.2Tunnel Diode, Negative resistance region.

3.4.3Tunnel Diode Oscillator.

3.4.4PIN Diode.

3.4.5Step Recovery Diode.

3.4.6LASER Diode

3.4.7IMPATT Diode.

3.4.8Gunn Diode.

4.THYRISTOR, SPECIAL DIODES & TRANSISTORS.(10 Hours)

4.1The shockley diode.

4.2Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

4.3SCR Applications.

4.4Silicon Controlled Switch (SCS)

4.5 Diac and Triac

4.6Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

4.7Photo diode & Photo transistor

4.8Light Activated SCR (LASCR)

4.9Opto-coupler.

5.INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.

(4 Hours)

5.1Introduction to ICs

5.2Integrated transistors and diodes.

5.3Integrated resistors and capacitors.

6.OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER.

(12 Hours)

6.1Introduction to operational Amplifier.

6.2The differential Amplifier.

6.3OP-AMP Data Sheet Parameters.

6.4OP-AMP with negative Feedback.

6.5Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers.

6.6Voltage follower.

6.7Summing and difference amplifiers.

6.8Introduction to 741 OP AMP.

7.LOGIC GATES.

(20 Hours)

7.1Types of logic gates

7.2Supply Voltage, input and output voltage,input and output currents, fan-in and fan-out Propagation Delay Time and Power Dissipation.

7.3 Standard TTL gates

7.3.1TTL NAND gate.

7.3.2Open Collector TTL

7.3.3Totem pole TTL

7.4Other TTL types.

7.4.1High Speed and Low Power.

7.4.2Schottky TTL

7.4.3Emitter coupled logic (ECL)

7.5MOS and CMOS Gates

7.5.1P-MOS and N-MOS logic gates.

7.5.2CMOS logic gates.

7.5.3Integrated Injection Logic(IIL)

7.6Comparison of major Logic Families.

7.7Interfacing logic families

7.7.1TTL driving 5V C MOS

7.7.2TTL driving 15 V C MOS

7.7.3C MOS driving TTL

El.T. 214:ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.1.SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES.

1.1Understand principles, characteristics and application of various types of semiconductor diodes.

1.1.2Explain semiconductor doping

1.1.3List donor and acceptor materials for silicon & germanium

1.1.4Define majority carries and minority charge carriers.

1.1.5Explain the effect of temperature & light on the resistance of

(a) intrinsic semiconductor and

(b) Extrinsic semiconductor

1.2PN Junction Theory:

2.2.1Draw a PN Junction

2.2.2Define the terms depletion layer capacitance & diffusion capacitance.

2.2.3Sketch the voltage-current characteristics curve for a PN junction.

2.2.4Describe RF, RR and Is from the diode characteristics curve.

2.2.5List the typical values of barrier potentials for silicon and germanium diode.

1. 3Understand PN Diode Applications

1.3.1List the uses of PN diode.

1.3.2Explain half and full wave rectifier using circuit diagram.

1.3.3Define Ripple factor, surge current.

1.3.4Explain function of rectifier (L, PI, T) filters

1.3.5Explain its uses as voltage multiplier (doubler).

1.3.6Explain the working of a voltage doubler circuit.

1.3.7List the applications of voltage multiplier circuit.

1.3.8Explain the operation of a diode as a switch.

2.BIPOLAR JUNCTION AND FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS (BJTs & FETs).

2.1Understand bipolar junction and field effect transistors, its biasing and basic BJT circuits.

2.1.1Draw and label physical structure and symbols for NPN and PNP transistors.

2.1.2Show the four operation mode of BJT and application of each mode (cut off active, active and inverse).

2.1.3Compute the values of IE, and Beta (dc) for given value of IB and IC.

2.1.4Explain the working of basic BJT voltage amplifier w.r.t. bias of junctions, flow of charge carriers and transistor currents.

2.1.5Define cut off and breakdown voltages of transistor.

2.1.6List four maximum ratings specified by manufacturers parameters of transistors.

2.1.7Drive the expression for IC versus IB for CE. configuration in the active region

2.1.8Sketch the input and output static characteristics curves for common base (CB) amplifier.

2.1.9Repeat 3.1.8 for CE amplifier.

2.1.10Repeat 3.1.8 for CC amplifier.

2.1.11List the types of transistor structures.

2.1.12Draw and label the structure of epitaxial transistor.

2.1.14Enlist the advantages of I.C. over conventional circuit

2.1.15List the three broad categories of BJTs with package types used for each

2.1.16Identify the high frequency limitations of BJT.

2.2Understand BJT Biasing Techniques

2.2.1Explain the purpose of dc bias in a transistor circuit.

2.2.2Show how bias effects the operation of BJT.

2.2.3Draw and label load line on the characteristic curves for CE configuration using empirical formulas for h parameter.

2.2.4Locate the Q-point for linear operation of the amplifier.

2.2.5List the causes of Q-point thermal instability.

2.3Understand Basic BJT Circuits

3.3.1Compute Ai., Ri, Av, Ro and Ap for CE, CB and CC configurations sing empirical formula for h parameter..

3.3.2 Compare the three BJT configurations.

3.3.3Draw a Darlington pair (emitter follower) circuit.

3.3.4Explain the working of darlington pair.

3.3.5List the applications of darlington pair .

2.4Understand FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

2.4.1Explain the principle of the n-channel JFET using illustrations.

2.4.2Sketch the construction of n-channel JFET & its symbol.

2.4.3Sketch & label a family of drain characteristics of a n-channel JFET.

2.4.4Define the terms I Dss and Vp.

2.4.5Explain the effect of change in VGS the JFET characteristics.

2.4.6Expalin above from 3.4.1 thu. 3.4.3 for p-channel JFET.

2.4.7Define the major data-sheet parameter of a JFET.

2.4.8Explain the principle of n-channel enhancement MOSFET.

2.4.9Sketch & label the family of drain characteristics of n-channel enhancement MOSFET

2.4.10Repeat 3.4.9 for n-channel depletion-enhancement MOSFET.

2.4.11Sketch symbols for p & n-channel JFET, n-channel enhancement MOSFET, p- and n- channel depletion- enhancement MOSFET.

2.4.12 List three advantages of n-channel over p-channel MOSFET.

2.4.13 Sketch the cross- section of V-MOSFET.

2.4.14Explain the working of V-MOSFET.

2.4.15 Compare the V-MOSFET with other FETs.

2.4.16 List the applications of MOSFET.

2.4.17 Sketch the cross section of complementary MOSFET (CMOS).

2.4.18List the applications of CMOS.

2.5Understand FET Biasing

2.5.1Explain to FET biasing.

2.5.2Draw DC load line and locate bias point on the family of drain characteristic curves of JFET.

2.5.3Draw a self-bias arrangement p-channel & n-channel JFET.

2.5.4Set the Q-point for a self-biased JFET.

2.5.5Explain the Q-point stability of a JFET.

2.5.6Show zero bias of D-MOSFET.

2.6Understand Basic FET Circuits

2.6.1List the three of configuration of FET amplifier.

2.6.2Sketch & label the circuit for CS-JFET amplifier.

2.6.3Write down expressions for Av and Zi and Zo for CS,CD,CG,JFET amplifier

2.6.4Draw MOSFET amplifier configuration .

2.6.5Define (i) transconductance, gm (ii) drain resistance, rd and (iii) amplification factor of an FET.

3.SPECIAL DIODES.

3.1Understand the characteristics and applications of diode used for a special purposes Zener Diode.

3.1.1 Explain the construction of Zener and draw its symbol

3.1.2 Draw the V-I characteristic of a Zener diode.

3.1.3Identify the characteristic features of Zener diode.

3.1.4Explain the working of Zener diode as voltage regulator.

3.1.5Define the terms line regulation, and load regulation for Zener diode.

3.1.6Compare formulae to find the range of series resistor (Rs) and load resistor (RL) for a Zener regulator for given variations in line voltage and current.

3.1.7List the applications of Zener diode.

3.2Understand the characteristics of Varactor diode.

3.2.1 Identify the key parameters of varactor diode.

3.2.2Enlist the applications of varactor diode.

3.2.3Draw the circuit of electronic tuner of a receiver using varactor diode.

3.3Understand the characteristics of Optical Diodes (LED, LCD and Photodiode)

3.3.1Define the term optical devices.

3.3.2List the name of opto electronic devices.

3.3.3Explain the electroluminescence process in LED.

3.3.4List the materials with colour of emission used for LED

3.3.5 Explain the effect of bias on the operation of normal and colour emissive LED.

3.3.6List the applications of LEDs.

3.3.7Describe the term Liquid crystal.

3.3.8Explain the working principle of both types of LCD.

3.3.9Compare LCD with LED.

3.3.10List the applications of LCDs.

3.3.11Explain the operation of a photo diode.

3.3.12List the materials used for photodiode with their colour sensitivity and characteristics

3.3.13List the applications of photodiodes.

3.3.14Draw a circuit of photoelectric relay using a photodiode.

3.4Understand special diodes (Schottky, tunnel, PIN, LASER, IMPATT, Gunn)

3.4.1List main type of special diodes.

3.4.2Explain the basic internal structure and working of a schottky diode.

3.4.3List the main application areas of schottky diode

3.4.4Explain the principle of tunnel diode using energy level diagram.

3.4.5List the names of material used for making tunnel diode.

3.4.6Sketch the construction along with symbol for a tunnel diode.

3.4.7Compare the V-I characteristics of a tunnel diode with that of an ordinary diode.

3.4.8List the applications of tunnel diode.

3.4.9Sketch the basic parallel tunnel diode amplifier.

3.4.10Sketch the tunnel diode oscillator circuit.

3.4.11Explain briefly the working of circuit in 4.1.9 & 4.1.10

3.4.12Sketch & label the three regions of a PIN diode structure

3.4.13Explain the effect of bias on the resistance of PIN diode

3.4.14List the names of the materials used for making PIN diode

3.4.15Enlist the applications of PIN diode .

3.4.16Define Explain the term LASER.

3.4.17Sketch the structure of double heterojunction semiconductor laser diode.

3.4.18List the names of the materials with field of application for laser diode.

3.4.19List the application of lasers.

3.4.20Describe the working of laser diode and photo diode pick up system of compact disk (CD) players

3.4.21Explain Gunn effect in bulk semiconductors.

3.4.22List the names of material exhibiting Gunn effect.

3.4.23Sketch a Gunn diode construction.

3.4.24List the application of Gunn diode.

3.4.25Give the name for acronym IMPATT.

3.4.26Explain briefly the principle of IMPATT diode.

3.4.27Sketch the structure of IMPATT diode.

3.4.28Explain the two behavioral effect of IMPATT diode to produce 180 phase difference between the RF applied voltage and resulting current pulse.

3.4.29List the merits and demerits of IMPATT diode.

3.4.30Enlist applications of IMPATT diode.

4.THYRISTORS & SPECIAL DEVICES.

4.1Understand thyristors UJT with their applications.

4.1.1Explain the term thyristor

4.1.2Name the important thyristor family devices

4.1.3Sketch the construction of shockley diode

4.1.4Draw and label the forward v-i characteristics for a shockley diode

4.1.5List the methods to turn off and turn on shockley diode

4.1.6Explain the working of a shockley diode relaxation oscillator.

4.1.7Compare an SCR with a shockley diode.

4.1.8Draw and label the schematic symbol for an SCR

4.1.9Explain the turn-on process of SCR using transistor equivalent circuit.

4.1.10Sketch and label the V-I characteristics for an SCR.

4.1.11Interpret the SCR data sheet parameters.

4.1.12Explain the phase-control of an SCR .

4.1.13Draw basic circuits for SCR used in the areas of

a) power control

b) switching and

c) protection

4.1.14Explain briefly the circuits drawn under 5.1.13.

4.1.15Compare a Diac with a shockley diode in terms of

a) basic structure

b) symbol

c) operation

4.1.16Compare a triac with an SCR in terms of

a) basic structure

b) symbol operation

4.1.17Sketch and label the transistor equivalent circuit for a triac

4.1.18Explain the phase-shift control of triac with a diac as a switching device as used in light for UJT.

4.2Understand Unijunction Transistor characteristics.

4.2.1Sketch the structure of a unijunction transistor (UJT).

4.2.2Sketch the equivalent circuit and symbol for UJT.

4.2.3Explain the working of UJT circuit of 5.2.2.

4.2.4Draw the V-I characteristic curve for UJT.

4.2.5Draw a circuit for UJT relaxation oscillator.

4.2.6List the three factors controlling the period of oscillation freqquency of a relaxation oscillator

4.2.7Sketch a UJT time delay circuit.

4.3Understand properties of Photo-sensitive BJT&LASCR.

4.3.1compare a photo-transistor with a conventional BJT.

4.3.2List the factors controlling collector current of a photo transistor.

4.3.3Draw the circuit for forward and reverse acting light operated relay using a phototransistor.

4.3.4Sketch the circuit of a photo darlington pair

4.3.5List the requirements to turn-on and turn-off of light activated SCR (LASCR).

4.3.6List the types of input devices normally used in a opt coupler

4.3.7List five types of output devices used in opto-coupler.

4.3.8List the applications of opto-coupler.

5.INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (ICs).

5.1To understand and apply ICs & integrated components

5.1.1Define integrated circuits.

5.1.2Compare IC with discrete circuit.

5.1.3Sketch the cross-section of an IC transistor.

5.1.4List three types of IC diode.

5.1.5Identify how the storage time is eliminated in a metal semiconductor diode.

5.1.6 List six important characteristics of integrated components.

5.1.7 List the pin configurations and package types of ICs

5.1.8 List the pin configurations and packages types of ICs

5.1.9Interpret linear IC data sheet parameters.

5.1.10Interpret digital IC data sheets parameters.

6.OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER (LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT).6.1 Understand the working and applications of operational amplifier.

6.1.1 List of available Opamp IC

6.1.2Draw the block diagram and symbol for an operational amplifier (OP AMP).

6.1.3Identify the function of each block of an OP AMP.

6.1.4List ten important OP AMP parameters.

6.1.5Define the terms (a) bias current (b) offset voltage for an OP AMP.

6.1.6Explain the method of bias current compensation for an OP AMP.

6.1.7 Draw inverting and non-inverting amplifier using op amp.

6.1.8Explain the inverting and non-inverting amplifier.

6.1.9Identify the virtual ground point of an OP AMP for calculating gain.

6.1.10Derive expression for voltage gain of both types of amplifiers discussed under 7.1.7.

6.1.11Sketch a voltage follower circuit using an OP AMP.

6.1.12Explain the working of an OP AMP comparator.

6.1.13List the applications of OP AMP (741 OP AMP).

7.LOGIC GATE CIRCUITS. 7.1Understand logic gate circuits.

7.1.1Define a logic gate.

7.1.2List the types of logic gates with their symbols.

7.1.3Define positive & negative logic.

7.1.4Explain the working of diode OR and AND gates and draw their truth tables.

7.1.5Enlist the merits and demerits of diode logic.

7.1.6Write Boolean expressions for OR and gates.

7.1.7Draw the circuits of NOT gate or inverter using

a) BJT

b) FET.

7.1.8Explain the operation of NOT gate.

7.2Understand comparison of Logic Gates Performance.

7.2.1List the factors to assess the performance of logic gates.

7.2.2Define the following terms

a) power dissipation

b) voltage levels

c) propagation delay time

d) speed-power product

e)noise margin.

7.2.3Compare HTL gate with RTL and DTL gates.

7.3Understand characteristics of Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL)

7.3.1Define the term TTL.

7.3.2List the performance characteristics of TTL.

7.3.3Draw a basic TTL NAND gate circuit.

7.3.4Explain the operation of the above circuit.

7.3.5List the two major types of output circuits for TTL Gates.

7.3.6Draw a TTL NAND gate with open collector output.

7.3.7Draw a TTL AND gate with totem pole output.

7.3.8List the advantages of totem pole output circuit.

7.3.9Explain the data sheet parameters for TTL.

7.3.10List five series of TTL circuits.

7.3.11Compare the circuit for low power TTL NAND gate with that of standard TTL .

7.3.12 List the key feature of advanced schottky TTL gates.

7.3.13Define the term emitter-coupled logic (ECL).

7.3.14Draw a circuit for ECL OR/NOR gate.

7.3.15List the merits & demerits of ECL as compared to TTL.

7.3.16Enlist the main feature of integrated injection logic (IIL).

7.3.17Draw the circuit of IIL NAND and NOR gates.

7.4Understand characteristics of MOS and CMOS logic gates.

7.4.1Draw the circuit for n-channel and p-channel MOS, NAND and NOR gates circuit.

7.4.2Explain the working of N-MOS NAND gate.

7.4.3Sketch the circuit of a CMOS inverter.

7.4.4Discuss the operation of a CMOS inverter.

7.4.5Draw the circuit of a CMOS NAND gate.

7.4.6Explain the operation of CMOS gate and draw its truth table.

7.4.7Draw the circuit of a CMOS NOR-gate.

7.4.8Define the term HCMOS.

7.4.9Compare the CMOS and TTL characteristics.

7.5.10List the precaution in handling CMOS devices.

7.4.11Compare the major logic families.

7.4.12List the applications of the following technologies ICs:

a) TTL,

b)ECL,

c)IIL,

d)MOS.

7.4.13Define the terms SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI and VVLSI.

7.5Understand methods of interfacing various logic families.

7.5.1 List the factors to be considered in interfacing logic families.

7.5.2Draw the circuit for the TTL driving 5-V CMOS and 15- V CMOS gates.

7.5.3Identify the need of the pull-up resistor in interfacing TTL and CMOS.

7.5.4Discuss the worst case parameters for CMOS-to-TTL interfacing.

TEXT /REFERENCE BOOKS:1. Floyd "Electronic Fundamentals"

2. Floyd "Digital Fundamentals"

3. J.D. Grainfield "Practical Digital Design"

El.T. 214:ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS

Total Contact Hours:

Practical: 96 Hours.

LIST OF PRACTICAL1.Identify the various diodes, transistors & IC package, number system and terminals.

2.Draw the forward & reverse characteristics of a P.N. junction diode.

3.Assemble a full wave diode rectifier circuit with a PI filter & calculate the ripple factor of output wave.

4.Familiarize with a voltage quadrupler circuit.

5.Demonstrate diode as a switch with LED as a load.

6.Troubleshoot a faulty diode rectifier circuit.

7.Use a Zanier diode as voltage regulator with diode rectifier.

8.Demonstrate the performance of power supply using IC regulator.

9.Use varactor diode in a resonant circuit.

10.Assemble a tunnel diode oscillator .

11.Plot the input & output characteristics of a transistor in common base configuration.

12.Plot the input & output characteristics of a transistor in common emitter configuration.

13.Plot the input and output characteristics of transistor in common collector configuration.

14. Plot the transfer characteristics curve of transistor in CE configuration.

15.Consult data sheet for a transistor to study its parameters and ratings.

16.Assemble a transistor voltage amplifier and find its voltage gain.

17.Demonstrate the characteristics of CB, CE & CC amplifier using curve tracer.

18.Plot the characteristics curves for a common source FET amplifier.

19.Demonstrate MOSFET as a switch and study the performance .

20.Plot the characteristics curves for SCR & UJT.

21.Assemble a light dimmer using a Diac & Triac.

22. Demonstrate the working of an opto-coupler using Photo diode & LED.

23. Demonstrate the working of Opto-coupler using Phototransistor & LED

24.Demonstrate the working of Opto-coupler using LASCR & LED

25. Consult data sheet for opamps.

26. Demonstrate the working of an operational amplifier.

27.Use of op-Amp as an inverting & non-inverting amplifier and a voltage follower.

28.Draw the frequency response of an opamp.

29.Demonstrate the use of digital logic probe & logic pulser.

30. Troubleshoot on Opamp comparator

31. Consult data sheets of TTL & CMOS logic ICs

El.T. 233MEASURING INSTRUMENT

TPC

233

TOTAL CONTACT HOURS:

Theory: 64 Hours

Practical: 96 Hours

Prerequisite:Electrical Essentials & Networks (El.T. 114) and Mathematics (Math 133)

AIMS1.To understand the working principle, types, and construction of different analog and digital instruments and their accessories.

2. To Manipulate skills of proper selection, use, handling, maintaining and repairing of various electrical and electronic instruments.

COURSE CONTENTS

1.Identify the different electrical meters.

2.Identify the various electronic instruments.

3.Describe the functions of each measuring instrument.

4.Use the most proper measuring instrument for a given job.

5.Perform measurements using test instruments.

6.Observe proper safety and care in using measuring instruments.

7.Calibrate measuring instruments.

8.Mend/ repair defective measuring instruments.

1.MEASUREMENTS AND ERRORS.

2 Hours

1.1Precision of measurements.

1.2Types of errors.

1.3Accuracy rating of instruments.

1.4Application of the concepts .

2.INDICATING INSTRUMENTS.

4 Hours

2.1Introduction to meters.

2.2D`Ansonval Meter movements

2.3Ammeters, millimeters, micrometer and shunts.

2.4Shunt calculations.

2.5Voltmeter, multiplier and sensitivity.

2.6Basic Ohmmeter (Conversion of ammeter into ohmmeter)

2.7Ac meters (rectifier, moving iron-vane, electrodynamometer, thermocouple and clamp-on type)

3.VOLT-OHM MILLIAMMETER (VOM).

4 Hours

3.1Basic requirements.

3.2Ranges and Subfunctions.

3.3Basic types of Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter.

3.4Application.

4.TRANSISTOR VOLTMETER.

06 Hours

4.1Advantages.

4.2Basic TVM, FET, MOSFET Test Methods.

4.3Tunnel Diode Test.

4.4PIN diode test configuration.

4.5Varactor diode test configuration.

4.6Gunn diodes Test Methods.

4.7Thyristors Test Methods.

4.8Curve tracer.

4.9Application.

5.BRIDGES AND BRIDGE-TYPE EQUIPMENT.

06 Hours

5.1Introduction.

5.2Whetstone bridge and Grounded whetstone bridge.

5.3AC bridges (magnitude and phase balancing).

5.4Maxwell bridge.

5.5Hay Wien bridge

5.6 Scheming and Wien bridges.

5.7Universal bridge.

5.8 Q-meter and LC meter.

6.SIGNAL GENERATORS.

08 Hours

6.1Review of oscillator circuit operation.

6.2AF generator.

6.3RF generator.

6.4AM generator.

6.5FM generator.

6.6 Frequency synthesized signal generator.

6.7Sweep/Marker generator.

6.8Square and Pulse generator.

6.9Function generator.

6.10TV pattern generator.

7. OSCILLOSCOPES.

06 Hours

7.1Theory and operation.

7.2Single/dual trace ( general purposes).

7.3Triggered Sweep.

7.4Storage.

7.5Sampling

7.6Vector scope

7.7Curve tracer

7.8Recorders

8.DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS.

02 Hours

8.1Review of signal conversion (ADC and DAC)

8.2Digital Voltmeter

8.3 Digital Multimeter

8.4Frequency Counter

8.5Digital LCR meter.

8.6Digital I.C. tester.

9.ANALYZERS.

04 Hours

9.1Wave Analyzer

9.2Distortion Analyzer

9.3Logic Analyzer

9.4Signature Analyzer

9.5Application

10.MISCELLANEOUS TEST INSTRUMENTS.

10 Hours

10.1Wattmeter, power, dynamometer type

10.2Energy meter, induction type

10.3Watt meter, RF

10.4V U meter

10.5Sound level meter

10.6Field strength meter

10.7Digital Volt-meter

10.8 Digital Multi-meter

10.9Pulse counter

10.10Frequency counter

DIGITAL LCR METER.

10.11Single tracer

10.12X - Y recorder

10.13Digital IC Tester

10.14Q-meter

10.15Applications

11.PROBES AND TRANSDUCERS.

04 Hours

11.1High Voltage probes

11.2Oscilloscope probes

11.3Logic probes

11.4Logic pulser

11.5Logic clip

11.6Application

12.CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENTS

04 Hours

12.1Standards of Calibration.

12.2Techniques of Calibration.

12.3Report of Calibration.

13.DEFECTS IN INSTRUMENTS.

04 Hours

13.1Common defects in Analog meter

13.2Methods of repair of analog meter.

13.3Common faults in curves tracer and their remedy

13.4Major defects in A.C. bridges

13.5Common faults in Oscilloscopes

13.6Common faults in Signal generators

13.7Common faults in Signal analyzer

13.8Common faults in Digital Instruments.

TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS.1.Cycle N. Herrick Instruments & Measurement for Electronics.

2.Bernard Grob & Milton Kiver, Application of Electronics

3.Link G.D. Electronic Test Instruments,

Hand book of meters - Theory and applications.

Handbook of Oscilloscope - Theory and applications.

4.Cooper William Electronic Instruments Techniques

5.Malvino, Electronic Instrumentation Fundamentals

6.Higgins O Patrik J, Basic instrumentation - Industrial Measurements.

7. Jones & Chin, Electronics Instruments & Measurements

8.R.B. Gillies, Instrumentation & Measurements for Electronics Technicians

El.T. 233MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1.UNDERSTAND PURPOSE AND TERMINOLOGY OF MEASUREMENT.

1.1Define the terms: Instrument, Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, Resolution and Error.

1.2Differentiate accuracy from precision.

1.3List four sources of errors in instruments.

1.4Describe the three general classes of errors in measurements.

2.TO UNDERSTAND THE CONSTRUCTION , WORKING AND USES OF DC AND AC METERS.

2.1List the types of indicating instruments.

2.2Draw and label the constructional elements of different types (types of magneti\s and suspensions) of permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) mechanism.

2.3Explain the working of PMMC (DArsonval ) movement.

2.4Identify the function of swamping resistor.

2.5List the merits and demerits of PMMC mechanism.

2.6Identify the constructional features and importance of zero-centered galvanometer

movement.

2.7Identify the function of PMMC galvanometer as dc micro-ammeter.

2.8Explain the function of shunt resistor to extend the range of micro-ammeter to

milli-ammeter and ammeter.

2.9Derive the formula to find the value of shunt resistor, Rs= Rm.Im / ( I- Im).

2.10Compute the value of shunt resistance for a desired extension in range.

2.11Draw the circuit of a multi-range ammeter using universal or Ayrton shunt.

2.12List three precautions to be observed in using a DC ammeter.

2.13Identify the function of multiplier resistor.

2.14Derive the formula to find the value of multiplier resistance, Rm = (V- Im Rm)/ Im.

2.15Compute the value of multiplier resistor for a desired f.s.d. of DC volts using above formula.

2.16Draw a circuit arrangement of a multi-range voltmeter using multiplier resistors.

2.17 Explain the sensitivity and load effect of a voltmeter.

2.18List the uses of Dc voltmeter.

2.19List the method of measuring a resistance.

2.20Explain the voltmeter-ammeter method of measuring resistance.

2.21Draw the circuit of a basic Ohmmeter.

2.22Explain the working of a basic Ohmmeter.

2.23List the classes of AC meters(bench type and panel type).

2.24Name the type of instrument mechanism used for each class of AC meter.

2.25Draw the schematic diagram a rectifier type AC meter.

2.26Explain the working of rectifier type AC meter.

2.27Describe the working principle of a clamp-on AC meter.

2.28Explain the working principal of moving iron-vane mechanism.

2.29Draw the schematic diagram of an electrodynamometer movement.

2.30Compare the rectifier, moving iron-vane and electrodynamometer type AC meter.

2.31Draw the schematic diagram of a basic thermocouple instrument.

2.32Explain the working of thermocouple instrument.

2.33List the uses of above four type of AC meters.

3.UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE, TYPES AND CONSTRUCTION OF VOLT-OHM-MILLIAMMETER.

3.1Identify the importance of volt-ohm milliammeter (Multimeter)

3.2Draw and label the block diagram showing three functions of multimeter (VOM).

3.3List the types of volt-ohm-milliammeter

4.UNDERSTAND THE TYPES, CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF TVM, UNDERSTAND THE WORKING OF ELECTRONIC VOM.

4.1 Draw the schematic diagram of basic FET input TVM.

4.2Explain the working of FET input TVM.

4.3Draw the schematic diagram of FET bridge TVM.

4.4Explain the working of FET bridge TVM.

4.5List the applications of TVM.

4.6List important considerations in choosing a voltmeter.

4.7List the major elements of an electronic VOM bt using block diagram.

5.UNDERSTAND THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF BRIDGE -TYPE TEST INSTRUMENTS.

DC Bridges

5.1Draw the circuit diagram of Wheatstone bridge.

5.2Explain the working of Wheatstone bridge.

5.3List the applications of Wheatstone bridge

AC Bridges

5.4List the electrical quantities measured by an AC bridge.

5.5Draw the schematic diagram of Maxwell bridge .

5.6Describe the procedure of balancing Maxwell bridge

5.7Derive the balance equation of Maxwell bridge to find the unknown inductance.

5.8Draw the schematic diagram of Scherrng bridge.

5.9Write the balance equation for Scherring bridge to find Cx, p.f, D and Q of series RC circuit.

5.10Draw the schematic diagram of Wien bridge.

5.11 Describe the procedure of balancing Wien bridge to find the value of unknown frequency of a signal.

5.12List the application of Wien bridge.

Q & LC meters and Universal Bridge

5.13Draw the schematic diagram of basic Q-meter.

5.14Explain the working of Q-meter.

5.15Draw a block diagram of LC meter.

5.16Identify the function of each block of LC meter.

6.SIGNAL GENERATORS.

6.1Understand the basics and need of a signal generators.

6.1.1Describe the need and the basic requirements of a signal generator.

6.1.2List the major types of signal generators used for electronics testing and troubleshooting.

6.1.3List the desired characteristics common to all the signal generators.

6.2Understand the construction and working of AF generator.

6.2.1Identify the similarities and differences between an audio oscillator and audio generator.

6.2.2List the applications of AF generator

6.3Understand the construction and working of AM & FM generators.

6.3.1Draw the basic circuit of a shop type RF generator.

6.3.2Explain the working of the RF generator.

6.3.3List the applications of RF generator.

6.3.4 Draw the schematic diagram of a dip meter.

6.3.5Describe the working of a dip meter circuit.

6.3.6List the applications of dip meter.

6.4Understand the construction and working of sweep, marker and pulse generators.

6.4.1Draw the block diagram of an AM generator.

6.4.2Identify the function of each block of an AM generator.

6.4.3List the applications of AM generator.

6.4.4Draw the block diagram of FM generator.

6.4.5Describe the function of each block of FM generator.

6.4.6List the applications of FM generator.

6.4.7List the two methods of frequency syntheses.

6.4.8Draw the block diagram of phase locked loop (PLL) or indirect method of frequency synthesis.

6.4.9Identify the function of each block of PLL frequency synthesizer.

6.4.10Draw the block diagram of the frequency divider type of signal generator.

6.4.11Describe the function of each block of frequency divider type signal generator.

6.5 Understand the construction of TV pattern and special effects generators.

6.5.1Draw the block diagram of sweep generator.

6.5.2 Describe the function of each block of sweep generator.

6.5.3List the types of voltage sweep generations.

6.5.4Enlist the applications of sweep generator.

6.5.5 Draw the block diagram of marker generator.

6.5.6Describe the function of each block of the marker generator.

6.5.7List the two basic methods for injection of marker signal into sweep generator.

6.5.8Enlist the applications of marker generator.

6.5.9List the methods of square wave generation.

6.5.10Draw the block diagram of a square wave generator.

6.5.11Explain the function of each block of the square wave generator.

6.5.12Draw the block diagram of pulse generator using square wave generator and monostable multivibrator.

6.5.13Explain the working of a pulse generator.

6.5.14List the applications of square wave and pulse generator.

6.5.15Draw the schematic diagram of an OP-AMP Function generator.

6.5.16Explain the working of the Function generator.

6.5.17Draw the functional diagram of IC function generator.

6.5.18Identify the function of each block of IC function generator.

6.6TV Pattern and Special Effect Generators

6.6.1Explain the need of TV pattern generator.

6.6.2Describe the working of TV pattern generator using a block diagram.

6.6.3Enlist special effect generator.

6.6.4State uses of special effect generator.

7.OSCILLOSCOPE (CRO).

7.1Understand the working principle, types and applications of oscilloscope and recorders.

7.1.1 List the four fundamental parameters that may be represented by an oscilloscope.

7.1.2Sketch a cathode ray tube (CRT) and label the most important parts.

7.1.3 Describe the function of each part of a CRT.

7.1.4 Sketch the control circuit of a CRT.

7.1.5Explain the purpose of each control of CRT.

7.2General Purpose Oscilloscope

7.2.1Draw the block diagram of general purpose oscilloscope.

7.2.2Explain the function of each block of the oscilloscope.

7.2.3Draw the block diagram of vertical section of an oscilloscope.

7.2.4Explain the function of each block of vertical section of CRO.

7.2.5Describe the purpose of delay line in the vertical section of a CRO.

7.2.6Draw the block diagram of the horizontal section of a CRO.

7.2.7Explain the function of each block of horizontal section of a CRO.

7.2.8Define the terms: fluorescence, phosphorescence, persistence, luminance, graticules and deflection sensitivity.

7.2.9 Identify the function of a sweep generator in an oscilloscope.

7.2.10 List the types of sweep generator used in oscilloscopes.

7.2.11Identify the differentiator circuit following a clipper in the sync section of a CRO.

7.2.12Identify the action of Schmitt trigger circuit in a triggered oscilloscope.

7.2.13 List the application for which triggered sweep is superior to a recurrent type of sweep.

7.3Dual Trace Oscilloscope

7.3.1Describe the importance of dual trace oscilloscope.

7.3.2Differentiate a dual beam CRO from a dual trace CRO.

7.3.3Coversion single trace into a dual trace display.

7.3.4 Explain the working of electronic switch circuit for a dual trace display.

7.3.5List the controls and connectors of a shop oscilloscope.

7.3.6Describe the function of each control and connector of a shop CRO.

7.3.7List the applications of CRO.

7.4Storage Oscilloscope

7.4.1 Identify the purpose of storage oscilloscope.

7.4.2List the types of storage CRT.

7.4.3 Draw and label the simplified diagram of a storage CRO.

7.4.4Explain he function of each part of a storage CRO.

7.4.5Identify the function of writing and flood guns in a storage

oscilloscope.

7.4.6Describe the method of erasing a target of a storage oscilloscope.

7.4.7Describe the function of controls and connectors of a storage oscilloscope

7.4.8Enlist the advantages of storage oscilloscope.

7.5Sampling Oscilloscope

7.5.1Identify the importance of sampling oscilloscope.

7.5.2Sketch and label the block diagram of a random sampling oscilloscope.

7.5.3Describe the function of each block of the above diagram.

7.6Vectorscope

7.6.1Identify the function of vectorscope to check a colour TV receivers response.

7.6.2Describe the use of the conventional oscilloscope as a vectorscope.

7.7Curve Tracer

7.7.1Identify the function of a modern curve tracer.

7.7.2Draw the block diagram of a transistor curve tracer.

7.8Recorders

7.8.1List the two basic types of recorders used as electronic test equipment.

7.8.2Draw the block diagram of a basic strip or roll chart recorder system.

7.8.3Describe the working of strip chart recorder.

7.8.4 Draw the block diagram of a basic X-Y recorder or plotter system.

7.8.5 Describe the function of each block of x-y recorder.

8.DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS. 8.1Understand the operation and applications of digital meters.

8.1.1List the major types of digital test instruments.

8.1.2Enlist the types of digital voltmeter (DVM).

8.1.3Illustrate the voltage-to-time conversion principle of ramp-type DVM.

8.1.4Draw the block diagram of ramp-type DVM.

8.1.4Identify the function of each block of the ramp-type DVM.

8.1.5Draw the block diagram of staircase ramp type DVM.

8.1.6Identify the function of its each block.

8.1.7Draw the block diagram of dual-slope type DVM.

8.1.8 Explain the function of its each block.

8.1.9Compare the above three types of DVMs.

8.1.10Draw the block diagram of dual-slope type digital multimeter.

8.1.11Identify the function of its each block.

8.1.12Draw the block diagram of digital LCR meter.

8.1.13Identify the function of its each block.

8.1.14Identify the function of each control of DVM and digital multimeter

8.2Understand the working and uses of electronic counters.

8.2.1Define the term Electronic Counter

8.2.2Draw the block diagram of basic counter.

8.2.3Identify the blocks of basic counter involved in frequency measurement operation.

8.2.4Draw the basic counter block diagram for period measurement operation.

8.2.5Explain the working of basic counter for frequency and period measurements.

8.2.6Identify the function of panel controls and indicators of electronic counter.

9.WAVE AND LOGIC ANALYZERS. 9.1Understand the function of wave and distortion analyzers.

9.1.1Draw the block diagram of wave analyzer.

9.1.2Explain the function of each block of wave analyzer.

9.1.3Identify the function of the controls and indicators of the analyzer.

9.1.4List the applications of wave analyzer.

9.1.5Draw the block diagram of distortion analyzer.

9.1.6Explain the operation of each block of distortion analyzer.

9.1.7Identify the function of the controls & indicators of the analyzer.

9.1.8List the applications of distortion analyzer.

9.2Understand the working of logic and signature analyzers.

9.2.1Draw the block diagram of logic analyzer

9.2.2Explain the operation of each block of logic analyzer.

9.2.3Identify the function of the controls & indicators of the analyzer.

9.2.4List the application of logic analyzer

9.2.5Draw the block diagram of signature analyzer.

9.2.6Explain the function of each block of signature analyzer.

9.2.7Identify the function of the controls & indicators of the analyzer.

9.2.8List the application of signature analyzer

10.MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS. 10.1Understand electrical power & energy meters.

10.1.1Draw the schematic diagram of electrodynamometer type watt meter.

10.1.2Explain the working of the watt meter.

10.1.3Draw the circuit diagram of induction type energy meter.

10.1.4Explain the working of energy meter.

10.2Understand the working of RF power meter.

10.2.1Draw the diagram of RF watt meter

10.2.2Explain the operation of RF watt meter

10.2.3List the uses of RF watt meter

10.3Understand the function of level and field strength meters.

10.3.1Draw the block diagram of VU meter.

10.3.2Explain the operation of each block of VU Meter.

10.3.3List the applications of VU Meter.

10.3.4Draw the block diagram of sound level meter

10.3.5Explain the operation of each block of sound level meter

10.3.6Explain the application of sound level meter

10.3.7Draw the block diagram of field strength meter.

10.3.8Explain the operation of each block of field strength meter.

10.3.9List the applications of field strength meter.

10.4Understand the working of signal tracer / injector.

10.4.1Draw the block diagram of signal tracer.

10.4.2Explain the operation of each block of signal tracer.

10.4.3List the uses of signal tracer.

10.5Understand the function of digital IC tester.

10.5.1Draw the block diagram of digital IC tester.

10.5.2Explain the operation of each block of digital IC tester.

10.5.3Explain the application of digital IC tester.

11.PROBES AND TRANSDUCER.

11.1Understand the working of meter and scope probes.

11.1.1List the major types of meter and scope probes.

11.1.2Draw the circuit diagram of low capacitance probe.

11.1.3Explain the function of low capacitance probe.

11.1.4Draw the circuit diagram of high voltage probe (resistance & capacitance types).

11.1.5Explain the working of high voltage probe.

11.1.6Draw the circuit diagram of RF probe .

11.1.7Explain the function of RF probe.

11.1.8Draw the block diagram of a basic logic probe. .

11.1.9 Explain the working of basic logic probe.

11.1.10Draw the block diagram of a simple logic pulser.

11.1.11Explain the working of logic pulser.

11.1.12List the applications of logic probe and pulser.

11.1.13Explain the working of logic clip.

11.2Understand the function of three types of traducers.

11.2.1List the three types of transducers.

El.T:233 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

LIST OF PRACTICAL:96 Hours.1.Study of various types of permanent magnet moving coil meter

(Galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter).

2.Study the construction of permanent magnet moving coil meter.

3.Conversion of micrometer to milliammeter and ammeter using shunts.

4.Conversion of ammeter into voltmeter using multiplier resistance.

5.Conversion of ammeter into ohmmeter.

6.Study and use of transistor voltmeter.

7.Study and use of transistor tester for the testing for different semiconductor devices.

8.Study of whetstone bridge and its use to measure unknown resistor.

9.Study of universal bridge and its use to measure unknown inductances and capacitances.

10.Use digital LCR meter to measure the unknown values of L, C and R.

11.Study of oscilloscope controls and connectors..

12.Use of oscilloscope in measuring voltage, frequency, phase shift

13.Study of different stages of CRO and their identification. Study and use of storage and sampling oscilloscopes.

14.Use of A.F. generator and measurement of its output wave with CRO.

15.Study and use of A.F. generator.

16.Study and use of TV pattern generator.

17.Use wattmeter to measure single phase a-c power.

18. Measure the energy consumed by a load.

19.Use of frequency counter to measure unknown frequency.

20.Use of sound level meter and VU meter.

21.Use of Q meter to measure Q factor of a circuit

22.Use of X-Y recorder.

23.Use of clamp-on meter to measure AC current.

24.Measure high tension voltage of a CRT using high voltage probe.

25.Test logic signals using logic probe/logic clip and logic pulser.

26.Study the working of digital circuits using a logic analyzer.

27.Demonstrate voltmeter test and calibration:

i)against a standard voltmeter.

ii)using the balance method.

28.Demonstrate the analog ammeter calibration by:

i) using precision resistance & precision voltmeter.

29.Check an AF generator for:

i)frequency stability.

ii)output uniformity

iii)attenuator action

iv)output hum

v)output distortion

vi)load sensitivity

30.Check oscilloscope for voltage calibration with:

i)external DC and AC

ii)internal AC

iii) internal square wave

31. Locate & rectify common faults in meter (available)

32. Locate & troubleshoot common faults in bridges and analyzers.

El.T. 243PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS

TPC

233

Total contact hours.

Theory:64 Hours

Practical:96 Hours

Pre-requisite:

Electrical Essentials and Networks (El.T. 114).

AIMSAfter studying the subject the student will be able to understand the wave generation, wave shaping and digital circuit.

1.Identify various types of wave shaping circuit.

2.Explain the principle of sine wave oscillator.

3.Explain the working of multivibrators.

4.Explain the working of ramp and pulse generators.

5.Identify the function of delay lines.

6.Differentiate the various types of logic gates.

7.Categories the combinational logic circuits.

8.Identify the principle of comparator circuit.

9.Identify the function of chopper circuit.

10.Explain the operation of memories.

11.Identify the function of sampling and D/A and A/D conversion.

12.Identify the principle of sequential logic circuit.

1.LINEAR WAVE SHAPING.

(06 Hours)

1.1Introduction to wave shaping.

1.2Linear wave shaping.

1.3Response of high pass RC circuit for step input.

1.4Effect of time constant on RC circuit response.

1.5High pass RC circuit as a differentiator.

1.6Response of low pass RC circuit for step input.

1.7Low Pass RC circuit as an integrator.

1.8Response of differentiator & integrator for square wave input.

1.9Applications of differentiator and Integrator.

1.10High Pass and Low Pass RL circuits.

1.11Effect of time constant on RL circuit response.

1.12RL circuit as differentiator and as integrator.

1.13Comparison of RC and RL circuits.

1.14RL peaking coil.

1.15Response of RLC for square wave input.

1.16Undamped RLC circuit as Ringing circuit.

1.17OP-AMP differentiator and integrator.

1.18Comparison of RC circuits with OP-AMP circuits.

2.NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING.

(06 Hours)

2.1Clipping.

2.1.1Biased Diode clipper circuits.

2.1.2Transistor clipper circuit.

2.1.3Emitter coupled clipper.

2.1.4.Slicer circuit.

2.1.5OP-AMP clipper circuits.

2.2 Clamper

2.2.1Positive and negative clamping.

2.2.2Diode clamper.

2.2.3Transistor clamper.

2.2.4Voltage multiplier.

2.2.5Synchronous clamping circuit.

2.2.6Synchronous clamping circuit.

3.MONOSTABLE AND STABLE MULTIVIBRATOR. (06 Hours)

3.1Monostable Multivibrator.

3.1.1Introduction

3.1.2Emitter coupled monostable multivibrator

3.1.3OP-AMP monostable multivibrator.

3.1.4IC monostable multivibrator.

3.1.5Applications of monostable multivibrator.

3.2Stable Multivibrator.

3.2.1Emitter coupled stable multivibrator.

3.2.2Generation of square, rectangular, sawtooth and pulse by using stable multivibrator.

3.2.3Synchronization of the stable MV

3.2.4Control of period and frequency of stable MV

3.2.5Effect of amplitude of sync pulse on period and frequency of stable MV

3.2.6Applications of stable MV.

3.2.7The 555 IC timer.

3.2.8Use of 555 timer as a monostable MV.

3.2.9Use of 555 timer as an stable MV.

4.BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR (FLIP-FLOP).(08 Hours)

4.1Emitter coupled bistable MV.

4.2Bistable triggering.

4.3Types of Flip Flop (FF), Latch and clocked FF.

4.4.RS, RST, T, D flip flop.

4.5Clocked RS flip flop.

4.6JK Flip Flop.

4.7Master -slave FF.

4.8Applications of Flip Flop.

4.8.1Data storage.

4.8.2Transfer of data.

4.8.3Frequency division.

4.8.4Counters.

5.SHIFT REGISTERS AND COUNTERS.(06 Hours)

5.1Introduction and types.

5.2Bi-directional shift register.

5.3Synchronous and synchronous shift register.

5.4Binary counter.

5.5Decade counter.

5.6Ring counter.

5.7Up / Down counter.

5.8IC counter.

5.9BCD to decimal conversion.

5.10Digital Frequency counter.

6.OSCILLATORS.

(06 Hours)

6.1Conditions for an amplifier to work as an oscillator.

6.2Requisites of an oscillator.

6.3Classification of oscillator circuits.

6.4RC phase shift and Wien bridge oscillator circuits.

6.5Condition of sustained oscillation.

6.6Voltage controlled oscillator using 555 timer

6.7Pulse tone oscillator using 555 timer.

6.8 Voltage controlled oscillator using 555 timer.

6.9Reasons of instability in oscillator circuit.

6.10Remedies of instability in oscillator.

6.11Applications of oscillator.

7.RAMP, PULSE AND FUNCTION GENERATORS. (06 Hours)

7.1RC ramp generator.

7.2Constant current ramp generator.

7.3UJT relaxation oscillator.

7.4Bootstrap ramp generator.

7.5Miller integrator ramp generator.

7.6Pulse generator circuit.

7.7.OP-AMP Function generator.

7.8IC Function generator.

8.DELAY LINES.

(02 Hours) 8.1Introduction

8.2Types of delay lines.

8.3Transmission line as distributed parameter delay line.

8.4Lumped parameter delay line.

8.5Electronic delay line.

9.DIGITAL CIRCUIT.

(02 Hours)

9.1XOR gate with truth table.

9.2INHIBIT gate with truth table.

9.3NAND and NOR gates.

9.4Develop AND, OR and NOT gates using NAND/NOR gate.

10.COMBINATIONAL LOGIC.

(03 Hours)

10.1Introduction to combinational logic.

10.2Binary adders.

10.3Parallel adder.

10.4Magnitude comparator.

10.5Decoder.

10.6Encoder.

10.7Multiplexer (Data selector).

10.8Demultiplexes.

11.COMPARATOR AND SCHMITT TRIGGER.

(03 Hours) 11.1Introduction to comparator.

11.2Diode comparator.

11.3Transistor Schmitt trigger circuit.

11.3.1Output/Input characteristics.

11.4OP-AMP Schmitt trigger circuits.

11.5IC Schmitt

11.6IC voltage comparators.

12.CHOPPER AMPLIFIER.

(02 Hours)

12.1Introduction

12.2Transistor Chopper

12.3FET Chopper.

13.MEMORIES.

(04 Hours) 13.1Need, Characteristics, types.

13.2Semiconductor Memories.

13.3Read only memories (ROM, PROM,

13.4Random Access memories (RAM) or RW memories.

13.5Static and dynamic memories.

13.6Introduction to sequential access storage.

13.7ROM and Programmed Logic Array (PLA)

13.8RAM applications and multiplexers.

13.9Magnetic Bubble Memories (MB Ms)

13.10Charged Coupled Devices. (CCD).

13.11Special memories and applications

14.SAMPLING AND CONVERSION.

(03 hours)

14.1Sampling.

14.1.1Introduction

14.1.2OP-AMP sampling gate.

14.1.3Sample and Hold circuit.

14.2Conversion.

14.2.1Introduction.

14.3Digital-to-Analog conversion.

14.3.1Weighted resistor DAC circuit.

14.4Analog -to- Digital conversion.

14.4.1Ramp generator method.

14.4.2Stair-case ramp generator method.

14.4.3Ladder network.

14.4.4Successive approximation method.

15.SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUIT AND MICROPROCESSOR. (01 Hours)

15.1Introduction to sequential logic circuits

15.2Introduction to Microprocessor.

El.T 243PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1.LINEAR WAVESHAPING.

1.1Understand waveshaping using RC and RL circuits.

1.2Understand RLC circuit with reference to damping effect.

1.3Understand the working OP AMP as a differentiator & integrator circuits

1.1.1Define linear waveshaping.

1.1.2Elaborate the working of high pass RC circuit with step input.

1.1.3Elaborate the working of low pass RC circuit with step input.

1.1.4Specify the effect of short, medium and long time constant of the RC circuits on their response for sine, square, pulse and sawtooth input waves.

1.1.5Determine the necessary conditions for RC circuit to work as differentiator and integrator.

1.1.6Explain the response of high pass and low pass RL circuit for step input.

1.1.7Specify the effect of short, medium and long time constant of the RL circuits on their response for sine, square, pulse and sawtooth waveforms.

1.1.8Determine the necessary conditions for the RL circuits to work as a differentiator and integrator.

1.1.9Compare the working of RC and RL circuits for various input waves.

1.2.1Explain the response of RLC circuits for square wave input.

1.2.2Identify the three type of damping response of RLC circuit.

1.2.3Explain the under -damped RLC circuit as ringing circuit

1.3.1Explain the working the of OPAMP circuits as differentiator and integrator.

1.3.2Compare the linear and OPAMP circuits as differentiator and integrator.

2.NONLINEAR WAVESHAPING. 2.1Understand waveshaping using clipping circuit.

2.1.1Define nonlinear waveshaping.

2.1.2Review the working of diode series & shunt clipping circuits.

2.1.3Enlist the applications of diode series & shunt clipping circuits.

2.1.4Explain the working of diode series & shunt clipping circuits.

2.1.5Compare the working biased diode shunt clipper with Zanier shunt clipper.

2.1.6Explain the working of emitter coupled clipper circuit.

2.1.7Explain the working of transistor slicer circuit.

2.1.8Explain the working OPAMP clipper circuit.

2.1.9 Compare a transistor clipper with an OPAMP clipper.

2.2Understand waveshaping using clamper circuits.

2.2.1Explain the working of synchronous clamping circuit.

2.2.2Explain the working of synchronous clamping circuit.

2.2.3List the uses of synchronous & synchronous clamping circuits.

3.UNDERSTAND TYPES AND WORKING OF MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS.

3.1Define the term multivibrator (MV).

3.2Enlist the types of multivibrators.

3.3Draw the circuit of a collector-coupled monostable MV.

3.4Explain the working of collector-coupled monostable MV.

3.5List methods of triggering a transistor monostable MV.

3.6Sketch the circuit of collector triggering using an additional transistor.

3.7Explain the collector triggering action of a monostable MV.

3.8Draw the circuit of an emitter-coupled monostable MV.

3.9Explain the operation of an emitter-coupled monostable MV.

3.10Compare emitter-coupled and collector -coupled MV circuits.

3.11Sketch three circuit of an op-amp monostable MV.

3.12Explain the operation of an op-amp monostable MV.

3.13Draw the circuits of collector-coupled and emitter-coupled stable multivibrator.

3.14Explain the operation of the above stable multivibator circuits.

3.15Draw the circuit of an op-amp stable MV .

3.16Explain the operation of an op-amp stable MV.

3.17Draw the circuits of monostable and stable Mvs using an IC voltage comparator.

3.18 Explain briefly the above circuits of monostable & stable MVs.

3.19Use the 555 timer as monostable & stable MVs.

4.UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION AND TYPES OF BISTABLE MVS (FLIP-FLOPS).

4.1Draw the circuit diagram of BJT inverter.

4.2Explain the working of the transistor inverter circuit.

4.3Explain the working of collector-