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The Infant/Toddler & School-Age Child Care Institute
3 Rs of Homelessness for Infants/Toddlers and School Age: Requirements, Recognition, ResourcesMay 9, 2017 St. Louis, MO
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PresentersMary Beth Jackson Senior TA Specialist, Subsidy Center
Ronna SchafferInfant/Toddler Specialist, State Capacity Building Center
Tasha Owens-Green, North CarolinaChild Care and Development Fund Coordinator
Arlene Rose, ArkansasAssistant Director, Operations and Program Support
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Objectives
Participants will:Explore requirements in CCDBG Act
regarding services to families experiencing/at risk for homelessness
Hear from a panel of state representatives regarding collaborations to recognize and serve families experiencing homelessness
Identify resources available to states
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Four (4) New CCDF Requirements from the Act Coordinate services to children experiencing
homelessness Establish a grace period to comply with enrollment
requirements Provide reports on families served Improve access by using funds to Permit enrollment while documentation is acquired Train providers and staff on identifying and serving
children experiencing homelessness Provide outreach
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Two (2) New CCDF Requirements from the Final RuleUse the McKinney-Vento Act definition
Prioritize services to children experiencing homelessness
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Table Discussion
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How is your state doing in meeting homelessness requirements?
McKinney-Vento HomelessAssistance Act
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The term “homeless children and youths” means:
“Individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence...”
Section 725(2) McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11434a(2))
Impacts of Homelessness on Infants/ToddlersIncrease risk for low birth weight which influences:Cognitive development Physical development Social emotional development
Richards, R., Merrill, R. M., Baksh, L., & McGarry, J. (2011) 1.
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Delays Associated with Homelessness
LanguageLiteracySocial EmotionalCognitive
Ziol‐Guest, K. M., & McKenna, C. C. (2014). 3
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Science of Brain Development
Early experiences +
Environments =
Lasting effects on later success in school and life
Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University. (2009).
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School Age Data
Nearly 1.5 Million school age children experienced homelessness in 2014
One in 30!
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Impacts on Learning
75 percent of homeless elementary school students performed below grade level in reading and math
50 percent of homeless children were held back for one grade, and 22 percent were held back for multiple grades
Four times more likely to show delayed development, and twice as likely to have a learning disability as non-homeless children
More likely to have acute health problems More than 50 percent have problems with anxiety and
depression
Ingram, E., Bridgeland, H., Reed, B., Atwell, A.; Hidden in Plain Sight: Homeless students in America’s public schools – a report by civic enterprises and Hart Research Associates.
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Table Discussion
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What does your state have in place to help programs meet the unique needs of infants/toddlers and school age children experiencing homelessness?
The Need for Collaboration
No single system can meet all the needs of young children and parents experiencing homelessness.
Policy Statement on Meeting the Needs of Families with Young Children Experiencing and At Risk of Homelessness U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development U.S. Department of Education October 31, 2016
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Collaboration
Successfully meeting the needs of families experiencing homelessness requires a cross-sector, collaborative, and comprehensive approach based on relationships and partnerships between local housing and early childhood providers
Policy Statement on Meeting the Needs of Families with Young Children Experiencing and At Risk of Homelessness U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development U.S. Department of Education October 31, 2016
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State Presentations
Tasha Owens-GreenNorth Carolina
Arlene RoseArkansas
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North Carolina
Tasha Owens-Green Child Care and Development Fund Coordinator
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To ensure young children and families experiencing homelessness have access to high-quality, affordable early care and education,and early intervention services for developmental and mental health needs.
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North Carolina’s Goals
North Carolina-Yay Babies Bringing Partners Together
Coordinate with partners to expand accessibility and continuity of care.
North Carolina began by bringing together the state coordinator for homeless education, state agencies, CCR&R, homeless service providers, professional organizations, advocates for children, and other stakeholders to raise awareness about priorities for serving homeless families.
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Yay Babies Statewide Focus Group Meeting
Purpose:To gain insight regarding potential barriers to serving this population …
…AND the potential solutions
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Yay Babies Statewide Focus Group Meeting Attendees
McKinney-Vento State Coordinator, local homeless education liaisons
NC Pre-K Program Early Head Start/Head
Start Children’s Development
Services Agency (CDSA) Child Care Providers Legislature-House
Committee on Homelessness
Child Care Regulatory
Child Care Resource & Referral (CCR&R)
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
Child Care Subsidy Program
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
Homeless Service Providers
Department of Social Services
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Focus Group HighlightsHow confident are you in your ability to identify young children experiencing homelessness?
Pre-event Post-event
Very confident (3)15.79% (12) 43.3%
Moderately confident (10) 52.63% (17) 48.6%
Only a little confident (4) 21.05% (5)14.3%
Not at all confident (2) 10.53% (1) 2.9%
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Focus Group HighlightsHow confident are you in your agency’s ability to serve young children (birth-5) experiencing homelessness?
Pre-event Post-event Very confident (7) 33.33% (17) 48.6%
Moderately confident (11) 52.38% (12) 34.3%
Only a little confident (3) 14.29% (4) 11.4%
Not at all confident (0) (0)
No reply (0) (2) 5.7%
North Carolina Implementation Plan Interprofessional Web-based and Face to Face Training: Lead Agency developed a training for Child Care
Providers, Subsidy Eligibility Workers, Homeless Service Providers and Other ECE Partners
Request for Application: Training and Technical assistance Family Outreach Family Engagement Data Collection & Analysis
Contractor Collaboration Team: Homeless Services Providers, Child Care Resource &
Referral, UNC Frank Porter Graham, School House Connection & Hear Us
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North Carolina Next Steps NC Yay Babies serve as a statewide Advisory Group Develop a Train the Trainer series on Increasing
Identification and Access to Early Care & Education Services for Young Children Experiencing Homelessness
Developing a residency questionnaire or integrating questions about housing into existing forms or family interviews
Outreach events at shelters Social media marketing campaign
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Homelessness: An Arkansas Story
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Objectives
Identify collaborative relationships and partnerships
Outline challenges and lessons learned
Identify opportunities for improvement
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Partnerships
Community-based Organizations
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Expedited Access
Created partnerships Establish waivers to bypass the waiting listConduct community outreach efforts to
homeless shelters across the state Assigned staff to various homeless
shelters
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Challenges
Serving everyone who needs child care assistance
Mobile populationTransportationStaff changes/Rebuilding relationshipsData collection
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Opportunities
Cultural competency of staff (bilingual staff) Continuous staff, provider, and homeless
population education Focus on parent/family engagement Staff transition to roles as Family Support
Specialists Expand reach and networks statewide Tracking successes once they leave shelter and
become self-sufficient
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Questions?
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State and Local Contacts for Services to Families Experiencing Homelessness
Visit the State map at http://nche.ed.gov/states/state_resources.php
Click on a State or the State name listed underneath to go to the “State Page”
Under the “State Contact” on the top left column, there is a hyperlink to the “Local Liaison Directory”
This information should be updated annually as of October 1, 2016
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Coming Attraction!Supporting Children and Families Experiencing
Homelessness: An Interactive Course for Early Childhood
Professionals
Designed to increase understanding of how to support children and families based on current Head Start and Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) regulations
Applies to all federally funded early childhood programs, with information unique to HS/EHS and CCDF programs
Real-life practice scenarios included in some of the lessons
Available on ECLKC beginning in May
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Course Lessons
Introduction: Provides a course overview and includes a true/false “Family Homelessness Quiz”
Lesson 1: Describes family homelessness, its impact on children, federal laws designed to address it
Lesson 2: Defines homelessness for federally funded early childhood programs
Lesson 3: Explains how to determine homelessness status
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Course LessonsLesson 4: Describes practices for identifying and reaching families with children who are homeless
Lesson 5: Explores strategies to prioritize children for enrollment, remove barriers to program participation, and improve continuity of care
Lesson 6: Provides strategies for building positive and effective relationships with families
Lesson 7: Identifies valuable community partners and highlights examples of effective partnerships
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ResourcesResource Guides Early Childhood Homelessness in the United States: 50-State Profile is a
“snapshot” of early childhood data available for children who are experiencing homelessness in each State. Find Individual State profiles here.
The Early Childhood Self-Assessment Tool for Family Shelters is specifically designed to guide family shelter staff as they create a safe and developmentally appropriate environment for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.
The Guide to Developmental and Behavioral Screening for housing and shelter providers addresses the importance of developmental and behavioral screening, how to talk to parents, where to go for help, and how to select the most appropriate screening tool for the population served as well as the provider implementing the screening.
The Highlights on Homelessness from the ECD Newsletters in 2015 compilation of articles provides resources from the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and partners including Project CATCH in Raleigh, NC; Primo Center for Women and children, Chicago, IL; Research to Policy Resource List; UMOM in Phoenix, AZ; and Families in Transition, Rockford, IL.
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ResourcesPolicies and Guidance The U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness Family Connection brief (and
related webinar) provides the Federal vision of a coordinated community response to family homelessness, which highlights the role of early childhood programs and coordinated entry.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Coordinated Entry Policy Brief provides an overview of effective coordinated entry processes.
Policies and Procedures to increase access to early care and education (ECE) services for homeless children and families
Policies for Tribal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) to increase access to ECE services for homeless children and families in tribal communities
Definitions of Homelessness for Federal Programs Serving Children, Youth, and Families chart illustrates the similarities and differences of the two major Federal definitions of homelessness in use by the Department of Education in Subtitle VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Act, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in Section 103 of Subtitle I of the McKinney-Vento Act
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ReferencesCenter on the Developing Child: Harvard University. Five Numbers to remember about early childhood development. Retrieved from http://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/five-numbers-to-remember-about-early-childhood-development/
Ingram, E., Bridgeland, H., Reed, B., Atwell, A.; Hidden in Plain Sight: homeless students in America’s public schools – a report by civic enterprises and Hart Research Associates. http://civicenterprises.net/MediaLibrary/Docs/HiddeninPlainSightOfficial.pdf
Obradović, J., Long, J. D., Cutuli, J. J., Chan, C. K., Hinz, E., Heistad, D., & Masten, A. S. (2009). Academic achievement of homeless and highly mobile children in an urban school district: Longitudinal evidence on risk, growth, and resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 21(02), 493-518.
Richards, R., Merrill, R. M., Baksh, L., & McGarry, J. (2011). Maternal health behaviors and infant health outcomes among homeless mothers: US Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 2000–2007. Preventive Medicine, 52(1), 87-94.
Stein, J. A., Lu, M. C., & Gelberg, L. (2000). Severity of homelessness and adverse birth outcomes. Health Psychology, 19(6), 524.
Ziol‐Guest, K. M., & McKenna, C. C. (2014). Early childhood housing instability and school readiness. Child Development, 85(1), 103–113.
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