7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

1/20

Facultad de IngenieraMecnica

Curso: Fsica IInforme: Laboratorio de Fsica 3 Y 4

Profesor: Antonio egarra !orrero

"ecci#n: F

A$ellido$aterno

A$ellidomaterno %ombres

&s$ecialidad C#digo Firma

'ui( )uis$e Fran*ie M+,-.,,,-

,A

'odrgu

e( Al/arado 0ctor F1 M+

,-.,4-2

0s5ue( 0alle6os Arnold M+,-.,-3.

4

Fec7a de$resentaci#n: .38-98,-.,

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

2/20

2012

PRIMEREXPERIMENTO:

2 LEY DENEWTON

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

3/20

OBJETIVOS

Verificar experimentamente a 2 Le! "e Ne#t$n% &ai'rar $( re($rte( )*e (e pre(entan (eme+ante( per$ tienen

pr$pie"a"e( f,(ica( "iferente(% Deimitar $( cam'i$( en a f*er-a "e'i"$ a a acci.n "e $( "$(

re($rte(%

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

4/20

FUNDAMENTO TERICO

La (e/*n"a e! "e m$0imient$ "e Ne#t$n "ice )*e:

E cam'i$ "e m$0imient$ e( pr$p$rci$na a a f*er-a m$tri- impre(a ! $c*rre(e/1n a ,nea recta a $ ar/$ "e a c*a a)*ea f*er-a (e imprime%

E(ta e! expica )* $c*rre (i ($'re *n c*erp$ en m$0imient$ 3c*!a ma(a n$ tienep$r )* (er c$n(tante4 act1a *na f*er-a neta: a f*er-a m$"ificar5 e e(ta"$ "e

m$0imient$6 cam'ian"$ a 0e$ci"a" en m."*$ $ "irecci.n% En c$ncret$6 $(cam'i$( experimenta"$( en e m$ment$ inea"e *n c*erp$ ($n pr$p$rci$nae( aa f*er-a m$tri- ! (e "e(arr$an en a "irecci.n "e e(ta7 e(t$ e(6 a( f*er-a( ($nca*(a( )*e pr$"*cen aceeraci$ne( en $( c*erp$(% &$n(ec*entemente6 8a!reaci.n entre a ca*(a ! e efect$6 e(t$ e(6 a f*er-a ! a aceeraci.n e(t5nreaci$na"a(% Dic8$ (intticamente6 a f*er-a (e "efine (impemente en f*nci.n "em$ment$ en )*e (e apica a *n $'+et$6 c$n $ )*e "$( f*er-a( (er5n i/*ae( (ica*(an a mi(ma ta(a "e cam'i$ en e m$ment$ "e $'+et$%

En trmin$( matem5tic$( e(ta e! (e expre(a me"iante a reaci.n:

D$n"e:

e( e m$ment$ inea

a f*er-a t$ta $ f*er-a re(*tante%

9*p$nien"$ )*e a ma(a e( c$n(tante ! )*e a 0e$ci"a" e( m*! inferi$r aa 0e$ci"a" "e a *- a ec*aci.n anteri$r (e p*e"e re(cri'ir "e a (i/*ientemanera:

9a'em$( )*e e( e m$ment$ inea6 )*e (e p*e"e e(cri'ir m%0 "$n"e m e( ama(a "e c*erp$ ! 0 (* 0e$ci"a"%

&$n(i"eram$( a a ma(a c$n(tante ! p$"em$( e(cri'ir apican"$ e(ta(m$"ificaci$ne( a a ec*aci.n anteri$r:

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momento_linealhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causalidad_(f%C3%ADsica)http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza_resultantehttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocidad_de_la_luzhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyes_de_Newton#cite_note-6http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causalidad_(f%C3%ADsica)http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza_resultantehttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocidad_de_la_luzhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyes_de_Newton#cite_note-6http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momento_lineal

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

5/20

;*e e( a ec*aci.n f*n"amenta "e a "in5mica6 "$n"e a c$n(tante "epr$p$rci$nai"a"6 "i(tinta para ca"a c*erp$6 e( (* masa de inercia% Veam$( $(i/*iente6 (i "e(pe+am$( m "e a ec*aci.n anteri$r $'tenem$( )*e m e( areaci.n )*e exi(te entre ! % E( "ecir a reaci.n )*e 8a! entre a f*er-aapica"a a c*erp$ ! a aceeraci.n $'teni"a% &*an"$ *n c*erp$ tiene *na /ranre(i(tencia a cam'iar (* aceeraci.n 3*na /ran ma(a4 (e "ice )*e tiene m*c8ainercia% E( p$r e(ta ra-.n p$r a )*e a ma(a (e "efine c$m$ *na me"i"a "e ainercia "e c*erp$%

P$r tant$6 (i a f*er-a re(*tante )*e act1a ($'re *na part,c*a n$ e( cer$6 e(tapart,c*a ten"r5 *na aceeraci.n pr$p$rci$na a a ma/nit*" "e a re(*tante ! en"irecci.n "e (ta% La expre(i.n anteri$r a(, e(ta'eci"a e( 05i"a tant$ paraa mec5nica c5(icac$m$ para a mec5nica reati0i(ta6 a pe(ar "e )*e a "efinici.n"e m$ment$ inea e( "iferente en a( "$( te$r,a(: mientra( )*e a "in5micac5(ica afirma )*e a ma(a "e *n c*erp$ e( (iempre a mi(ma6 c$n in"epen"encia

"e a 0e$ci"a" c$n a )*e (e m*e0e6 a mec5nica reati0i(ta e(ta'ece )*e ama(a "e *n c*erp$ a*menta a crecer a 0e$ci"a" c$n a )*e (e m*e0e "ic8$c*erp$%

De a ec*aci.n f*n"amenta (e "eri0a tam'in a "efinici.n "e a *ni"a" "e f*er-a$ Ne#t$n 3N4% 9i a ma(a ! a aceeraci.n 0aen

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

6/20

PRO&EDIMIENTO EXPERIMENT@L

A. Obtencin de una trayectria bidi!en"ina# de# di"c.$. Ai+e $( "$( re($rte( ! e "i(c$ c$m$ (e m*e(tra en a fi/*ra

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

7/20

Ai/*ra

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

8/20

Ai/*ra 2

&JL&LO9 Y RE9LT@DO9

L*e/$ "e a cai'raci.n "e $( re($rte(6 8aam$( (* "i(tancia 8acia e p*nt$ ae(t*"iar%

ELONK@&INRE9ORTE P*nt$ F P*nt$

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

9/20

Para cac*ar a( 0e$ci"a"e( in(tant5nea( en $( p*nt$( interme"i$(nece(itarem$( $( (i/*iente( 0ect$re( p$(ici$ne(: 36 F6 G47 3

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

10/20

&ON&L9IONE9

L$( re($rte( pre(entan *na c$n(tante e5(tica ca(i (iempre c$n(tante6 per$en e experiment$ (e $'(er0a )*e e(te 0a$r ($$ (*fre m*! pe)*ea(0ariaci$ne(%

La (e/*n"a e! "e Ne#t$n en a parte experimenta (e c*mpi. a (*ca'ai"a"%

La ener/,a "e c8i(per$ n$ afecta a $( re($rte(6 ($$ (ir0e para (eaar ecamin$ a rec$rrer%

La tra!ect$ria "e(crita p$r $( re($rte( n$( m*e(tran *n cam'i$ 'r*(c$ en$( 0ect$re( f*er-a%

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

11/20

9EKNDOEXPERIMENTO:

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

12/20

TR@C@O YENERKS@

OCETIVO9

Verificar e te$rema Tra'a+$Ener/,a &intica% O'(er0ar $( cam'i$( "e tra!ect$ria "e'i"$ a $( re($rte(6 $(

c*ae( afectar5n a a ma/nit*" "e tra'a+$ e(t*"ia"$% @ i/*a )*e en e experiment$ anteri$r6 a( p$(ici$ne( "e ca"a

p*nt$ ($n $( )*e "eterminar5n a ener/,a3tra'a+$4 en ca"arec$rri"$%

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

13/20

AND@MENTO TERI&OTra'a+$ e( c*an"$ a apicar *na f*er-a a *n $'+et$ e(te (e m*e0e% E tra'a+$ (ep*e"e "efinir "e manera expicita ! c*antitati0a c*an"$:

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

14/20

E( c*an"$ 0aria( f*er-a( act1an ($'re *n c*erp$ en m$0imient$ ! p$r $ tant$ etra'a+$ re(*tante6 net$ $ t$ta e( a (*ma a/e'raica "e $( tra'a+$( reai-a"$( p$rca"a f*er-a in"i0i"*a%

Ener+,a

La ener/,a e( a/$ )*e (e p*e"e c$n0ertir en tra'a+$% En mec5nica exi(ten 2 tip$(:ener/,a cintica 3E= $ Ec4 ! ener/,a p$tencia 3Ep4%

La ener/,a cintica (e p*e"e "efinir a /r$($ m$"$ c$m$ a canti"a" "e ener/,a)*e a")*iere *n c*erp$ en 0irt*" "e (* m$0imient$% @/*n$( e+emp$( p*e"en (er:*n a*t$m.0i en marc8a6 *na 'aa en m$0imient$6 *n 0$ante )*e /ira6 etc%

La ener/,a p$tencia e( a )*e tiene *n (i(tema en 0irt*" "e (* p$(ici.n $c$n"ici.n% @/*n$( e+emp$( ($n: *n $'+et$ )*e 8a (i"$ e0anta"$6 *n re($rte

c$mprimi"$6 *na i/a e(tira"a6 etc%

Ener+,a Cin-tica

E( a capaci"a" "e reai-ar ! $'tener *n tra'a+$ c$m$ re(*ta"$ "e m$0imient$ "e*n c*erp$% &$n(i"re(e *n '$)*e c$n *na 0e$ci"a" inicia Vi ! )*e a f*er-a fact1a a tra0( "e a "i(tancia( "6 8acien"$ )*e a 0e$ci"a" a*mente 8a(ta *n0a$r Vf% 9i e c*erp$ tiene *na ma(a m6 a (e/*n"a e! "e Ne#t$n n$( "ice )*e/anar5 0e$ci"a" $ aceeraci.n en *na pr$pie"a" "a"a p$r:

@ceeraci.n f*er-a>ma(a

Qa(ta )*e acance a 0e$ci"a" fina:

2a" Vf2 Vi2

E(ta ec*aci.n tiene 2 trmin$(6 e "e a"$ i-)*ier"$ repre(enta e tra'a+$reai-a"$ ($'re a ma(a ! e a"$ "erec8$ e( e cam'i$ re/i(tra"$ en a ener/,acintica c$m$ re(*ta"$ "e e(te tra'a+$% P$r $ tant$6 (e p*e"e "efinir a a ener/,acintica c$m$:

E= U mV2

Ener+,a tencia#

La ener/,a p$tencia e( a ener/,a )*e p$(ee *n (i(tema en 0irt*" "e (* p$(ici.n $c$n"ici$ne(6 para )*e exi(ta ener/,a p$tencia e( nece(ari$ )*e e c*erp$ (e

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

15/20

ee0e c$n *na "etermina"a at*ra6 ent$nce(6 e tra'a+$ reai-a"$ p$r e (i(tema e(i/*a a:

T#8 3tra'a+$ e( i/*a a pe($ x at*ra4

T m/8 3tra'a+$ e( i/*a a ma(a x /ra0e"a" x at*ra4

E(ta canti"a" "e tra'a+$ tam'in (er5 reai-a"a p$r e c*erp$ "e(p*( )*e aca,"$ *na "i(tancia 86 p$r $ )*e tiene *na ener/,a p$tencia i/*a en ma/nit*" atra'a+$ extern$ reai-a"$ para e0antar$7 p$r $ tant$6 a ener/,a p$tencia )*e"aexpre(a"a "e a (i/*iente manera:

Ep #8 m/8

D$n"e # ! m ($n e pe($ ! a ma(a "e *n $'+et$ (it*a"$ a *na "i(tancia 8 ($'re

*n p*nt$ "e referencia% De'i"$ a e(t$6 e( "e (*ma imp$rtancia n$tar )*e acapaci"a" para reai-ar *n tra'a+$ 3Ep4 "epen"e "e a at*ra en 'a(e a $( p*nt$("e referencia )*e (e "eterminen%

PRO&EDIMIENTO EXPERIMENT@L

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

16/20

G% Enc*entre a c*r0a "e cai'raci.n para ca"a *n$ "e $(re($rte( c$m$ (e "e(cri'e en e experiment$ 2 "e e(teman*a%

Figura 3

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

17/20

&JL&LO9 Y RE9LT@DO9

&ac*arem$( e tra'a+$ "e a( f*er-a( A@! AC"e("e e p*nt$ 8a(ta e p*nt$

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

18/20

G

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

19/20

W711=

1

2m.v

11

21

2m.v

7

2

| V11|=2,241| V7|=1,022

W711=1,027318 J

O'(: E(te 0a$r e( m*! apr$xima"$ a $'teni"$ c$n anteri$ri"a"% En te$r,a"e'er,an "e (er i/*ae(%

&ON&L9IONE9

La ener/,a )*e a")*iri. e $'+et$ "*rante (* tra!ect$ria6 f*e a")*iri"a tac$m$ $ "e(cri'e e te$rema )*e (e 8a *(a"$ para (* expicaci.n%

9e c$mpr$'. a 0eraci"a" "e te$rema "e Tra'a+$Ener/,a &intica%

L$( re($rte( permiten )*e a ener/,a (e c$n(er0e en a ma!$r,a "eexperiment$%

L$( 0a$re( c$n(e/*i"$( en ca"a p*nt$ (e "iferencia en 0a$re( m*!pe)*e$(%

7/24/2019 3 y 4 lab fsica

20/20

CICLIOKR@AS@

A,(ica I para e(t*"iante( e in/enier$(6 @*t$r: Man*e &a(a"$

9er#a!6 Ra!m$n" @%7 e#ett6 $8n W% 32HH4

Ae!nman6 Lei/8t$n an" 9an"(