Bellringer:

The central nervous system is comprised of:

a. Brain

b. Spinal cord

c. Sensory receptors

d. Both a and b

What is the name of the outermost layer of the

brain?

a. Pia mater

b. Dura mater

c. Arachnoid

d. Pons

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nervous system 1

3.01 Remember the structures of

the nervous system

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nervous system 3

Essential Question

What are the structures of the nervous system?

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Introduction: Structures of the

nervous system

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Cellular structures of the nervous

system

Neuron- a nerve cell

Extensions of the neuron

Dendrites - many

Axon - one

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Cellular structures of the nervous

system

Neuron- a nerve cell

Myelin sheath - a

special covering of the

axon

Synapse – the space

between neurons

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Structures of the nervous system

Central nervous

system

Brain

Meninges

Spinal cord

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Structures of the nervous system

Peripheral nervous

system

Nerves

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

Sensory receptors

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Structures of the

central nervous system:

BRAIN

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Cerebrum – largest

part of the brain

Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)

Frontal lobe

Occipital lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Diencephalon

Located between the

cerebrum and the

midbrain

Structures

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pineal body

Pituitary gland

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon

Thalamus – spherical mass of gray

matter; deep in the cerebral

hemispheres

Hypothalamus – lies below the

thalamus; part of the limbic system

Pineal body – endocrine system

gland

Pituitary gland – endocrine

system gland

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Limbic system

Located in the center

of the brain

Encircles the top of

the brain stem.

Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other

intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Cerebellum – located

behind the pons and

below the cerebrum.

Second largest part of

the brain/coordinates

balance and walking

Consists of 2

hemispheres

Right and left

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Brain stem

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Meninges – tough fluid-containing

membrane that surrounds the brain

and spinal cord

Dura mater

Outermost layer

• Subdural space – fluid-filled

space between the dura mater

and the arachnoid

Arachnoid

Middle layer

• Subarachnoid space – space

beneath the arachnoid and above

the pia mater (contains CSF)

Pia mater

Innermost layer

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Structures of the

central nervous system: BRAIN

Ventricles – 4 lined cavities deep

within the brain

filled with cerebrospinal fluid

[CSF](serves as a liquid shock

absorber to protect the brain)

Choroid plexus – rich network

of blood vessels/helps in the

formation of CSF

Bellringer:

Which cranial nerve controls your sense of smell?

a. 1 (Olfactory)

b. 4 (Trochlear)

c. 2 (Optic)

d. 10 (Vagus)

Which part of the nervous system regulates the activities of

the visceral organs?

a. Central nervous system

b. Autonomic nervous system

c. Somatic nervous system

d. Spinal cord

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Structures of the

central nervous system:

Spinal Cord

Surrounded by the

vertebrae, meninges, and

cerebrospinal fluid

Extends down the spinal

column to the 2nd lumbar

vertebrae

Lumbar puncture –

removal of CSF for

diagnostic purposes

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system:

Peripheral nervous system

12 cranial nerves Begin in the brain

Designated by number and name

31 pairs of spinal nerves Originate at the spinal cord and go

through openings in the vertebrae

Named in relation to their location on

the spinal cord

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system I. Olfactory - smell

II. Optic - vision

III. Oculomotor - eyelid and eyeball movement

IV. Trochlear – turns eye downward and laterally

V. Trigeminal – face and mouth touch, chewing

VI. Abducens – turns eye laterally

VII. Facial – most facial expressions, secretion of tears and saliva, taste

VIII. Vestibulocochlear - hearing, equilibrium, sensation

IX. Glossopharyngeal – taste, senses carotid blood pressure

X. Vagus – senses aortic blood pressure, slows HR, stimulates digestive organs, taste

XI. Accessory – controls swallowing movements

XII. Hypoglossal – movement of tongue muscles

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system

Peripheral

nervous system

31 pairs of spinal

nerves

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system

Motor system

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Somatic nervous system

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system Extends from the base

of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column

These nerves connect to all internal organs

Parasympathetic nervous system The vagus nerve

connects the medulla with organs of the upper body

The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body

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Structures of the

peripheral nervous system

Somatic nervous system

These nerves are

located along the spinal cord.

Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.

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Structures of the nervous system