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Core Courses

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Semester-ICore Course I: Microbiology and Pbycology

(Credits: Tbeory-4, Practical-2)THEORYLectures: 60

Full'Marks: 15 MID SEl\IESTER EXAM (MSE) + 60 END SEMESTER EXAM (ESE) =75Full Marks = 60 (ESE) Pass Marks: 24Time Allowed: 03 Hours

.. Instructions for Paper Setter1.The questions should be only in English2. The setters are requested to take care and ensure that the questions are within the syllabus3. The questions should be innovative, clear and understandable4. Your co-operation is solicited and thankfully acknowledged by the College5. The questions are to be set divided in three SectionsSection: A Question Number (1) covering the whole syllabus should be Compulsory for all examineeto attempt consisting of 10 (Ten) Objective Type Questions: Multiple Choice Questions (w-ith fouroptions) / Fill in the Blanks/True or False Each question carry 01 (One) mark and there is no negativemarking for wrong answers. Marks allotted: 1x 10= 10Section: B Question Number (2) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 8 (Eight) Short AnswerType Questions. The examinee are required to answer total of 4(Four) questions only. The limitationof the answer should be of a paragraph or half the page of the answer sheet with or without diagrams/illustrations. Marks allotted: 5x4 = 20Section: C Question Number (3) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 4 (Four) Long Answer orEssay Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer any two Long Answer Questions

" Marks allotted: 15 x2= 30

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Unit 1 : Introduction to microbial world, microbial nutrition ( 2 lectu res)

Unit 2 : Discovery, general structure with special reference to viroids and prions; DNA virus(T-phage), lytic and lysogenic cycle; RNA virus (TMV). (7 Lectures)

Unit 3: Bacteria (8 lectures)Discovery, general characteristics, types-archaebacteria, eubacteria, wall-less forms(mycoplasma), cell structure, nutritional types, reproduction-vegetative, asexual and recombination(conjugation, transformation and transduction).

Unit 4: Applied Microbiology (4 lectures)Economic importance of viruses with reference to vaccine production, role in research,medicine. Economic importance of bacteria with reference to their role in agriculture and industry(fermentation and medicine).

Unit 5: Algae (7 lectures)General characteristics: Ecology and distribution; range of thallus organization; Cell structureand components; cell wall, pigment system, reserve food (of only groups represented in thesyllabus), tlagella; and methods of reproduction, classification; criteria, system of Fritsch,(only' upto ~groups); s~~ific:mt contributions of important phycologists (F.E. Fritsch, G.M~/7 (1,",... 'Smith, R.N. Singh, , H D_Kumar, M.O P. Iyengar) ;) / Y

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Unit 6: Cyanophyta (6 lectures)Occurrence, range of thallus organization, cell structure, heterocyst, reproduction.economicimportance; role in biotechnology. Morphology and life-cycle ofNostoc.

Unit 7: Chlorophyta (5 lectures)General characteristics, occurrence, range of thallus organization, cell structure and reproduction.Morphology and life-cycles of Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Oedogonium.Coleochaete. Prochloron.

Unit 8: Charophyta (2 lectures)General characteristics; occurrence, morphology, cell structure and life-cycle of Chara; evolutionarysignificance.

Unit 9:Xanthophyta '(31e~tun~s)General characteristics; range of thallus organization.Occurrence, morphology and life-cycle ofVaucheria.Unit 9: Phaeophyta (6 lectures)Characteristics, occurrence; Morphology and life-cycles of Ectocarpus and Fucus.

Unit 10. RhodophytaGeneral characteristics, occurrence,. Morphology and life-cycle of Polysiphonia.

(6 lectures)

Unit 11: Applied PhycologyRole of algae in the environment, agriculture, biotechnology and industry.

(4 lectures)

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" 4. Sahoo, D. (2000). Fanning the ocean: seaweeds cultivation and utilization Aravali International.New Delhi.

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Practical

Microbiology

1. Electron micrographs/Models of viruses - T-Phage and TMV, Line drawings/ Photographs ofLytic and Lysogenic Cycle.

2. Types of Bacteria to be observed from temporary/pcrmanem slides/photographs. Electronmicrographs of bacteria, binary fission, endospore, conjugation, root Nodule.

3. Gram staining.4. Endospore staining with malachite green using the (endospores taken from soil bacteria).

PhycologyStudy of vegetative and reproductive structures of Nostoc, Chlamydomonas (electronmicrographs), Volvox, Oedogonium.Coleochaete, Chara, Vaucheria,Ectocarpus, FUCl/S andPolysiphonia.Procholoron through electron micrographs, temporary preparations and permanentslides.

Suggested Readings1.Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4th edition.

2. Prescott, L.M., Harley J.P., Klein D. A. (2005). Microbiology, McGraw Hill. India oth edition3. Kumar, HD. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press, Deihl

5. Campbell, N.A, Reece J.B., Urry L.A, Cain M.L., Wasserman S.A. Minorsky P.V., JacksonR.B. (2008). Biology, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, USA 8th edition.6. Pelczar, M.l. (2001) Microbiology, 5th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Co, New Delhi.

Semester ICore Course 11: Biomolecules and Cell Biology

(Credits: Theory-4, Practical-2)THEORYLectures: 60

Full Marks: 15 MID SEMESTER EXAM (l\''1SE)+ 60 END SEMESTER EXAM (ESE) =75FuJIMarks = 60 (ESE) Pass Marks: 24Time Allowed: 03 Hours

Instructions for Paper SetterI.The questions should be only in English2. The setters are requested to take care and ensure that the questions are within the syllabus3. The questions should be innovative, clear and understandable4. Your co-operation is solicited and thankfully acknowledged by the College5. The questions are to be set divided in three SectionsSection: A Question Number (1) covering the whole syllabus should be Compulsory for allexaminee to attempt consisting of 10 (Ten) Objective Type Questions: Multiple Choice Questions(with four options) / Fill in the Blanks/True or False Each question carry 01 (One) mark and thereis no negative marking for wrong answers.

Marks allotted: 1x 10= 10Section: B Question Number (2) covering the whole syllabus.consisting of 8 (Eight) ShortAnswer Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer total of 4(Four) questions only.The limitation of the answer should be of a paragraph or half the page of the answer sheet with orwithout diagrams/ iI1ustrations.

Marks allotted: 5x4 = 20Section: C Question Number (3) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 4 (Four) Long Answeror Essay Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer any two Long Answer Questions

Marks allotted: 15 x2= 30

Unit 1:Biomolecules (20 lectures)Types and significance of chemical bonds; Structure and properties of water; pH and buffers.

Carbohydrates: Nomenclature and classification. ~c·k of monosaccharides (glucose,fructose, sugar alcohols - mannitol and sorbitol}; D!~ac.:::harides(sucrose, maltose, lactose),Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (structurai-ce ._:,~\S;;.hernicelluloses, pectin,chitin,mucilage; storage - starch, inulin); Isomers 3.::.: ':::::"ivativesof glucose, glucosamine andgluconic acid

Lip-ids:Definition and major classes of storage ar:·: S~ ~,:~urallipids..Storage lipids. Fattyacids structure and functions. Essential fatty acids. ~ :-:.-".::.1 glycerols structure, functions andproperties. Saponification. Structural lipids. Phosphogly cerides: Building blocks, Generalstructure, functions and properties. Structure of pho~·=2.=~.;::-:=anolamineand phosphatidylcholine,Sphingolipids: building blocks, structure of sphingosine. cc.,.-o-,-oideLipid functions: cell signals,cofactors, prostaglandins, Introduction oflipid micelles. rr:c'C}:layers, bilayers.

Proteins: Structure of amino acids; Peptide bonds: LC\ ;::15 of protein structure-primary,secondary, tertiary and quarternary; Protein denaturation and biological roles of proteins.Nucleic acids: Structure of nitrogenous bases; Structure and function of nucleotides;Types of nucleic acids; Structure of A, B, Z ty-pes ofD:\,A~ Types ofRi\JA; Structure oftRNA.

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Unit 2: Bioenergenetics (4 lectures)Laws of thermodynamics, concept of free energy.endergonic and exergonic reactions,coupledreactions.redox reactions. ATP: structure, its role as a energy currency molecule.

Unit 3: Enzymes (6 lectures)Structure of enzyme: holoenzyme, apoenzyme, cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic group;Classification of enzymes; Features of active site, substrate specificity, mechanism of action(activation energy, lock and key hypothesis, induced - fit theroy), Michaelis - Menten equation,enzyme inhibition and factors affecting enzyme activity

Unit4: The cell (4 lectures)CelI as a unit of structure and function; Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Originofeukaryotic cell (Endosymbiotic theory).

Unit 5: Cell wall and plasma membrane (4 lectures)Chemistry, structure and function of Plant Cell Wall.Overview of membrane function; fluid mosaicmodel; Chemical composition of membranes; Membrane transport - Passive, active and facilitatedtransport, endocytosis and exocytosis.

Unit 6: CeH organelles (t6Iectures)Nucleus:Structure-nucIear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nuclear lamina, molecularorganization of chromatin;nucleolus.

Cytoskeletonrrole and structure of micro tubules, microfilaments and intermediary filament.

Chloroplast, mitochondria and peroxisomes: Structural organization;Function;Semiautonomous nature of mitochondria and chloroplast.

Endomembrane system.Endoplasmic Reticulum - Structure, targeting and insertion of proteins inthe ER, protein folding, processing and quality control in ER, smooth ER and lipid synthesis, exportof proteins and lipids;Golgi Apparatus - Organization, protein glycosylation, protein sorting andexport from Golgi Apparatus;Lysosomes.

Unit 7: CeH divisionEukaryoticcellcycle,mitosisandmeiOStyn of cellcycle

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Practical1.Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, lipids and proteins.2. Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal peel mount ofOnionJRhoeo/Crinum.3.Demonstration of the phenomenon of protoplasmic streaming inHydrilla leaf4. Counting the cells per unit volume with the help of haemocytometer. (Yeast/pollen grains).5. Study of cell and its organelles with the help of electron micrographs.6. Study the phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis.7. Study the effect of organic solvent and temperature on membrane permeability.8. Study different stages of mitosis

Suggested ReadingsL Campbell, 1v1K (2012) Biochemistry, 7th ed., Published by Cengage Learning

2.Campbell, PN and Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry Illustrated, 4th ed., Published by ChurchillLivingstone

3. Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed.,W.HFreeman4. Berg 1M, Tymoczko lL and Stryer L (20 II) Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company

5. Nelson DL and Cox MM (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition., W.HFreeman and Company.6. Karp, G. (2010). Cell Biology, John Wiley & Sons, US.A 6th edition.

7. Hardin, J, Becker, G., Skliensmith. LJ. (2012), Becker's World of the Cell, Pearson EducationInc. US.A. 8th edition.

8. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, RE 2009 The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASMPress & Sunderland, Washington,D.C: Sinauer Associates, MA

9. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, LJ., Hardin. J and Bertoni, G. P. 2009 The World of the CeIL7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco

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Semester-IfCore Course Ill: Mycology and Phytopathology

(Credits: Theory-4, PracticaJ-2)THEORY

Lectures: 60

FullMarks: 15 MID SEMESTEREXAM (MSE) + 60 END SEMESTEREXAM (ESE) =75Full Marks= 60 (ESE)Time Allowed: 03 Hours

Pass Marks: 24

Instructions for Paper Setter1.The questions should be only in English2. The setters are requested to take care and ensure that the questions are within the syllabus3. The questions should be innovative, dear and understandable4. Your co-operation is solicited and thankfully acknowledged by the College5. The questions are to be set divided in three SectionsSection: A Question Number (1) covering the whole syllabus should be Compulsory for all examineeto attempt consisting of 10 (Ten) Objective Type Questions: Multiple Choice Questions (with fouroptions) / Fill in the Blanks/True Of False Each question carry 01 (One) mark and there is no negativemarking for wrong answers. Marks allotted: 1x 10= 10Section: B Question Number (2) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 8 (Eight) Short AnswerType Questions. The examinee are required to answer total of 4(Four) questions only. The limitationof the answer should be of a paragraph or half the page of the answer sheet with or without diagrams!illustrations. Marks allotted: 5x4 = 20Section: C Question Number (3) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 4 (Four) Long Answer orEssay Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer any two Long Answer Questions

Marks allotted: 15 x2= 30

Unit 1: Introduction to true fungi (6Iedures)Definition, General characteristics; Affinities with plants and animals; Thallus organization; Cell wallcomposition; Nutrition; Classification.

Unit 2: ChytridiomycetesGeneral account with special reference to Synchytrium

(1 lecture)

Unit 3: ZygomycotaGeneral characteristics; Life cycle with reference to Rhizor u-

(4 lectures)

Unit 4: Ascomycota (10 lectures)General characteristics (asexual and sexual fruiting bodics i: L=-:: c:.ck, Heterokaryosis andparasexuality; life cycle and classification with reference to._-! ',~-;''c'' u»,Alternaria and Pezi:a.

Unit 5: Basidiornycota (8 lectures)General characteristics; Life cycle and Classification with reference 1:0 black stem rust on wheatPuccinia (Physiological Specialization), loose and covered smut (symptoms only), Agaricus;Mushroom Cultivation. //"

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Unit 6: Allied Fungi (3 lectures)General characteristics; Status of Slime molds, Classification; Occurrence; Types of plasmodia;Typesof fruiting bodies.

Unit 7: Oomycota (4 lectures)General characteristic; Life cycle and classification with reference to Phytophthora Albugo.

Unit 8: Symbiotic associations .(41octun~s)Lichen - Occurrence; General characteristics; Growth forms and range of thallus organization;Natureof associations of algal and fungal partners; Reproduction.Mycorrhiza-Ectomycorrhiza,Endomycorrhiza and their significance.

Unit 8: Applied Mycology (10 Lectures)Role of fungi in biotechnology, Application of fungi in food industry (Flavour & texture,Fermentation, Baking, Organic acids, Enzymes, Mycoproteins); Secondary metabolites; Agriculture(Biofertilizers); Mycotoxins; Biological control (Mycofungicides,Mycoherbicides,Mycoinsecticides).

Unit 9: Phytopathology (101@ctures)Terms and concepts; General symptoms; etiology; symptomology; Host- Pathogenrelationships;disease cycle and environmental relation; prevention and control of plantdiseases, and role of biological control and plant quarantine.Bacterial diseases - Citrus canker and angular leaf spot disease of Cotton.Viral diseases - Tobacco Mosaic viruses, vein clearing. Fungal diseases - Early blight ofpotato, Black stem rust of wheat, white rust of crucifers.powderymildews

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Practical

1. Introduction to the world offungi (Unicellular, coenocytic/septate mycelium, asocarps& basidiocarps). .

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2. Rhizopus: study of asexual stage from temporary mounts and sexual structuresthroughpermanent slides.

3. Aspergillus and Penicillium: study of asexual stage from temporary mounts. Study ofSexualstage from permanent slides/photographs.

4. Peziza: sectioning through ascocarp.5_ Alternaria: Specimens/photographs and temporary mounts.

6. Puccinia: Herbarium specimens of Black Stem Rust of Wheat and infected Barberryleaves;sections/ mounts of spores on wheat and permanent slides of both the hosts.

7.Agaricus: Specimens of button stage and full grown mushroom; sectioning of gills ofAgaricus, fairy rings and bioluminescent mushrooms to be shown.8. Study ofphaneroplasmodium from actual specimens and lor photograph. Study ofStemonitis sporangia.

9. Albugo: Study of symptoms of plants infected with Albugo, asexual phase studythrough section! temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides.

10. Lichens: Study of growth forms of lichens Icrustose, foliose and fruticose) on differentsubstrates. Study of thallus and reproductive structures (soredia and apothecium) throughpermanent slides. Mycorrhizae: ectomvcorrhiza and endo mycorrhiza (Photographs)

11_Phytopathology: Herbarium specimens of bacterial diseases; Citrus Canker; Angular leaf spot ofcotton, Viral diseases: TMV, Vein clearing. Fungal diseases: Early blight of potato, Black stem rustof wheat and White rust of crucifers

Suggested Readings

1.Agrios, G.N. 1997 Plant Pathology, 4th edition. .vcademic Press, U.K

2. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell. " 1(96) Introductory Mycology, John Wilev &Sons (Asia) Singapore. 4th edition.

3. Webster, 1. and Weber, R (2007). Introduction :c Fungi, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge. 3rd edition.

4_Sethi, IX. and Walia, S.K (2011)_ Text bc<'~: Fungi and Their Allies, Macmillan PublishersIndia Ltd.5_Sharma, P.D. (2011) Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut, India.

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ISemester II

Core Course IV: Archegoniatae(Credits: Theory-4, Practical-2)

THEORYLectures: 60

Full Marks: 15 MID SEMESTER EXAM (MSE) + 60 END SEIvIESTER EXA1vl (ESE) =75Full Marks =60 (ESE) Pass Marks: 24Time Allowed: 03 Hours

Instructions for Paper Setter1.The questions should be only in English2. The setters are requested to take care and ensure that the questions are within the syllabus3. The questions should be innovative, clear and understandable4. Your co-operation is solicited and thankfully acknowledged by the College5. The questions are to be set divided in three SectionsSection: A Question Number (1) covering the whole syllabus should be Compulsory for all examineeto attempt consisting of 10 (Ten) Objective Type Questions: Multiple Choice Questions (with fouroptions) / Fill in the Blanks/True or False Each question carry 01 (One) mark and there is no negativemarking for wrong answers. Marks allotted: 1x 10= 10Section: B Question Number (2) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 8 (Eight) Short AnswerType Questions. The examinee are required to answer total of 4(Four) questions only. The limitationof the answer should be of a paragraph or half the page of the answer sheet with or without diagrams/illustrations. Marks allotted: 5x4 = 20?~<::ti_o_Tl:_~Question Number (3) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 4 (Four) Long Answer orEssay Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer any two Long Answer Questions

Marks allotted: 15 :e= .30

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Unit 1: Introduction (2 lectures)Unifying features of archegoniates; Transition to land habit; Alternation of generations.Unit 2: Bryopbytes (18 lectures)General characteristics; Adaptations to land habit; Classification; Range of thallusorganization. Classification (up to family).Riccia, Marchantia.Pellia, Anthoceros,Sphagnum and Funaria; Reproduction and evolutionary trends in Riccia, Marchamia _Anthoceros and Funaria (developmental stages not includedj.Ecological and economicimportance ofbryophytes with special reference toSphagnum_Unit 3: Pteridophytes (20 lectures)General characteristics, classification, early land plants (Cooksorua and Rhyniav. Clas s..ication(up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Psilotum, Selaginella. E::':;_'c1Zmz ,and Pteris.(Developmentaldetails not to be includedj.Apogamy,and apospory. ht':::,-~;_;poryand seed habit, telome theory, stelar evolution.Ecological and economic importanccceUnit 4: Gymnosperms (20 lectures)General characteristics, classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and rc-p;--::<:"':'':::Tionof (~Vc(IS, Pinus and Gnetum.(Developmental details not to be includedj.Ecologicaj and

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Practical1.Riccia - Morphology of thal1us.2. Marchantia- Morphology of thallus, whole mount of rhizoids & Scales, vertical sectionofthallus through Gemma cup, whole mount of Gemmae (all temporary slides), vertical section ofAntheridiophore, Archegoniophore, longitudinal section of Sporophyte (all permanent slides).3.Anthoceros- Morphology of thallus, dissection of sporophyte (to show stomata,spores,pseudoelaters, columella) (temporary slide), vertical section of thallus (permanentslide).4. Pellia, Porella- Permanent slides.5.Sphagnum- Morphology of plant, whole mount of leaf (permanent slide only).6. Funaria- Morphology, whole mount ofleaf, rhizoids, operculum, peristome,annulus,spores (temporary slides); permanent slides showing antheridial and archegonialheads, longitudinal section of capsule and protonema.7.Psilotum- Study of specimen, transverse section of synangium (permanent slide).8. Selaginella- Morphology, whole mount ofleafwith ligule, transverse section ofstern.whole mount of strobilus, whole mount ofmicrosporophyll and megasporophyll(temporary slides), longitudinal section of strobilus (permanent slide).9. Equisetum- Morphology, transverse section of internode, longitudinal section ofstrobilus,transverse section of strobilus, whole mount of sporangiophore, whole mount of spores (wetand dry) (temporary slide). transverse section of rhizome (permanent slide).10. Pteris- Morphology, transverse section of rachis, vertical section of sporophyll, wholemountof sporangium, whole mount of spores (temporary slides), transverse section of rhizome, wholemount of prot hall us with sex organs and young sporophyte (permanent slide).11. Cycas- Morphology (coralloidroots, bulbil, leaf), whole mount ofmicrosporophyll,transversesection of coralloid root, transverse section of rachis, transverse/vertical section of leaflet,vertical section of microsporophyll. whole mount of spores (temporary slides), longitudinalsection of ovule, transverse section of root (permanent slide).12.Pinus- Morphology (long and dwarf shoots, whole mount of dwarf shoot, male andfemalecones), transverse section of "\'eedJe, transverse section of stem, longitudinal section of /transverse section of male c():-:;:- whole mount of microsporophyll, whole mount ofMicrospores (temporary slides -. longitudinal section of female cone, tangential longitudinalsection &radial longitudina! :;,~~-.,:-~stern (permanent slide).13. Gnetum- Morphology (SIc",_ 'T;c::e& female cones), transverse section of stem, vertical sectionof ovule (permanent slide)14.Botanical excursion.

Suggested Readings1. Vashistha, r.c., Sinha.A K_ :-'::'_::IJr,A. (2010). Pteridophyta. S. Chand. Delhi, India.2. Bhatnagar, S.P. & MoirE.' ~2':;6). Gymnosperms. New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers, NewDelhi, India.3. Parihar, N.S. (1991). An ;:::::-,~'cilctionto Embryophyta: VoL 1. Bryophyta. Central Book DepotAllahabad.4.5.

Raven, P.H., Johnson, G.R, Lose-s. JR, Singer, S.R. (2005). Biology. Tata i\IcGra\y Hill. Delhi.Vander-Poorteri 2009 Introduction to Bryophytes. COP .

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Semester-illCore Course V: Anatomy ofAngiosperms

(Credits: Theory-4, Practical-2)THEORY

Lectures: 60Fun Marks: 15MID SEMESTER EXAM (MSE) + 60 END SEMESTER EXAM (ESE) =75Full Marks = 60 (ESE) Pass Marks: 24Tim@Allow@d: 03 Hours

Instructions for Paper Setter1.The questions should be only in English2. The setters are requested to take care and ensure that the questions are within the syllabus3. The questions should be innovative, clear and understandable4 . Your co-operation is solicited and thankfully acknowledged by the College5. The questions are to be set divided in three SectionsSection: A Question Number (1) covering the whole syllabus should be Compulsory for all examineeto attempt consisting of 10 (Ten) Objective Type Questions: Multiple Choice Questions (with fouroptions) / Fill in the BlankslTrue or False Each question carry 01 (One) mark and there is no negativemarking tor wrong answers. Marks allotted: 1x 1Q= 10Section: B Question Number (2). covering the whole syllabus consisting of 8 (Eight) Short AnswerType Questions. The examinee are required to answer total of 4(Four) questions only. The limitationof the answer should be of a paragraph or half the page of the answer sheet with or without diagrams.illustrations. Marks allotted: 5x4 = 20Section: G Question Number (3) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 4 (Four) Long Answer orEssay Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer any two Long Answer Questions

Marks allotted: 15 x2= 30

Unit 1: Introduction and scope of Plant Anatomy (2 Lectures)Applications in systematics, forensics and pharmacognosy.Unit 2: Tissues (12Lectures)Classification of tissues; Simple and complex tissues (no phylogeny); cytodifferentiation oftracheary elements and sieve elements;Pits and plasmodesmata; Wall ingrowths and transfer cells,adcrustation and incrustation,Ergastic substances.Unit 3: Stem (8Lectures)Organization of shoot apex (Apical cell theory, Histogen theory, Tunica Corpus theory.continuingmeristematic residue, cytohistological zonation); Types of vascular bundles;Structureof dieot andrnonocor stem.Unit 4: Leaf

(4Lectu res)Structure of dicot and monocot leaf, Kranz anatomy.Unit 5: Root

(6Loctu res)Organization of root apex (Apical cell theory, Histogen theory, Korper-Kappetheory);Quiescentcentre; Root cap; Structure of dicot and monocot root; Endodermis, exodermis andorigin otlateral root.Unit 6: Vascular Cambium (6 Lectures)Structure, function and seasonal activity of cambium; Secondary growth in root and stem.Unit 7: \,"ood (8Lectures)Axially and radially oriented elements; Types of rays and axial parenchyma; Cyclic aspects andreaction wood; Sapwood and heartwood; Ring and diffuse porous wood; Early and late wood.tyloses:Dendrochronology. I

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Generic Electives Courses (4)

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Semester IGeneric Elective-l

Biodiversity (Microbes, Algae, Fungi and Archegoniate)(Credits: Theo ...., 4 P ..actic ..1 2)\ '--' t-"jl0.3. 1: .It;:'v. __..;--, • d'--.1 ".1- - -

THEORYLectures: 60

Full Marks = 75 (ESE)Time Allowed: 03 Hours

Pass Marks: 30

Instructions for Paper SetterL'Ihe questions should be only in English2. The setters are requested to take care and ensure that the questions are within the syllabus3. The questions should be innovative, clear and understandable4. Your co-operation is solicited and thankfully acknowledged by the College5. The questions are to be set divided in three SectionsSection: A Question Number (1) covering the whole syllabus should be Compulsory for all examineeto attempt consisting of 10 (Ten) Objective Type Questions: Multiple Choice Questions (with fouroptions) / Fill in the Blanks/True or False Each question carry 01 (One) mark and there is no negativemarking for wrong answers. Marks allotted: lxlO=lOSection: B Question Number (2) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 8 (Eight) Short AnswerType Questions. The examinee are required to answer total of 4(Four) questions only. The limitationof the answer should be of a paragraph or half the page of the answer sheet with or without diagrams/illustrations. Marks allotted: 5x4 = 20Section: C Question Number I)) covering the 'whole syllabus consisting of6 (six) LongAnswer or Essay Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer any three Long AnswerQuestions Marks allotted: 15 x3= 45

Unit 1: Microbes (10 lectures)Viruses - Discovery, general structure, replication (general account), DNA virus (T­phage); Lytic and lysogenic cycle. RNA virus (TMV); Economic importance; Bacteria­Discovery, General characteristics and cell structure; Reproduction - vegetative, asexualand recombination (coniuaatton. transformation and transduction); Economic importance.Unit 2: Algae (12 lectures)General characteristics: Ec _' :'§::. and distribution; Range of thallus organization andreproduction; Classificatic; . ~_.::::;ac:Morphology and life-cycles of the following:NostocChlamydomonas. lie »num, Vaucheria. Fucus, Polysiphonia. Economicimportance of algae.Unit 3: Fungi (12 lectures)Introduction- General ch2.:·":':~::-:~::cs.ecology and significance, range of thallusorganization, cell wall corr.r-, ~ -.,,:m, nutrition, reproduction and classification: TrueFungi- General characteristics, ecology and significance, life cycle of Rhizopus(Zygomycota) Penicilltur: _.:..:0 -'J>-/(] (Ascomycota), Puccinia, Agaricus(Basidiomycota); Svmbiot; .':":,=,,:..::iations-Lichens:General account, reproduction andsignificance; Mycorrhiza: ectornycorrhiza andendomycorrhiza and their significanceUnit 4: Introduction to Archegoniate (2 lectures)Unifying features of archegoniares, Transition to land habit, Alternation of generations.

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Unit 5: Bryophytes (10lectures)General characteristics, adaptations to land habit, Classification, Range of thallusorganization.Classification (up to family). morphology, anatomy and reproduction ofAfarchantia and Funaria.(Developmental details not to be includedj.Ecology and economicimportance ofbryophytes with special mention of Sphagnum.Unit 6: Pteridophytes (8 lectures)General characteristics, classification, Early land plants (Cooksonia and Rhynia). Classification(up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Selaginella, Equisetum andPteris.(Developmental details not to be included).Heterospory and seed habit, stellarevolution.Ecological and economical importance of Pteridophytes.Unit 7: Gymnosperms (6 lectures)General characteristics, classification. Classification (up to family), morphology,anatomy and reproduction of Cycas and Pinus (Developmental details not to beincluded).Ecological and economical importance.

Practical

1. EMs/Models of viruses - T-Phage and 1MV, Line drawinglPhotograph of Lytic andLysogenic Cycle.

2. Types of Bacteria from temporary/permanent slides/photographs; EM bacterium;Binary Fission; Conjugation; Structure of root nodule.

3. Gram staining

4. Study of vegetative and reproductive structures of Nostoc, Chlamydomonas (electronmicrographs), Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Fucus* and Polysiphonia through temporarypreparations and permanent slides. (* Fucus - Specimen and permanent slides)

5. Rhizopus and Penicillium: Asexual stage from temporary mounts and sexualstructuresthrough permanent slides. Alternaria: Specimens/photographs and teasemounts. Puccinia: Herbarium specimens of Black Stem Rust of Wheat and infectedBarberryleaves; section/tease mounts of spores on Wheat and permanent slides of boththe hostsAgaricus: Specimens of button stage and full grown mushroom; Sectioning ofgills oiAgaricus.

6. Lichens: Study of growth forms oflichens (crustose, foliose and fruticose),I. Mvcorrhiza: ecto mycorrhiza and endo mycorrhiza (Photographs)

8 March antiu- morphology of thallus, w.m. rhizoids and scales, v.s. thallusthroughgemrnacup, w.rn. gemmae (all temporary slides), v.s. antheridiophore, archegoniophore, l.s.sporophyte (all permanent slides).Funaria- morphology, w.m. leaf, rhizoids,operculum, peristome, annulus, spores(temporary slides); permanent slides showingantheridiaI and archegonial heads, l.s. capsule and protonerna.

9 SC!!aginella- morphology, w.m. leaf with ligule, t.s. stem, w.m. strobilus,\\ ill rmcrosporophyll and megasporophyll (temporary slides), l.s. strobilus (permanentslide,Equisetum- morphology, t.s. internode, l.s. strobilus, t.s. strobilus, w.m.sporang.ophore.w.m. spores (wet and dry)(temporary slides); t.s rhizome (permanentslide!Pteris- r:::> "hology, t.s. rachis, v.s. sporophyll, w.rn. sporangium, WJn.spores' -:::-~;)(,'raryslides), t.s. rhizome, w.m. prothallus with sex organs and youngsp0re';,2:.,::-,permanent slide).

10 Cycas- morph = ;.= =--:. i coralloid roots, bulbil, leaf), t.s. coralloid root, t.s. rachis, v.s. leaflet, v.s.microsporophv.l. ','..m. spores (temporary slides), I.s. ovule, t.s. root (permanent slide). Pill IlS­morphology i lon; and dwarf shoots, WJn. dwarf shoot, male and female), w.rn.dwarf shoot, t.s.needle, t.s. SIcITL . l.s.rt.s. male cone, w.m. microsporophyll, w.rn. rnicrospores (temporaryslides), l.s. female cone, 1.1.s. &r.1.s. stem (permanent slide).

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Suggested Readings

1 Kumar U D (1000\ Introductorv Phvr-o.lrvo-c 1\ j:'.c;l'~.D<l East West Dross Dut Ttrl Delhi~.i II (U, .1. .1 ... , ///J. IlHU U tV ..; rHJ\...V~UbJ. rt~.llJlal\. ...i.J. _La (-VY' - .. s: \.i .c"V,t. LJlU . .LJvl ..

2nd edition.

2. Tortora, GJ., Funke, B.R., Case, CL (2010). Microbiology: An Introduction, PearsonBenjamin Cummings, U.S.A. ]Othedition.

3. Sethi, LK. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi & Their Allies, MacMillanPublishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.

4. Alexopoulos, CJ., Mims, CW., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wileyand Sons (Asia), Singapore 4th edition.

5. Raven, P.B., Johnson, G.B., Loses, J.B., Singer, S.R., (2005). Biology. Tata McGraw Hill,Delhi, India.6. Vashishta, P.C., Sinha, AK., Kumar, A, (2010). Pteridophyta, S. Chand. Delhi, India.

7. Bhatnagar, S.P. and Moitra, A. (1996). Gymnosperms. New Age International (P) LtdPublishers, New Delhi. India .

8. Parihar, N.S. (1991). An introduction to Embryophyta Vol. 1. Bryophyta. Central BookDepot, Allahabad .

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Semester IIGeneric Elective-2Plant Anatomy and Embryology

(Credits: Theory-4, Practical-2)

THEORYLectures: 60

Full Marks = 75 (ESE) Pass Marks: 30Time Allowed: 03 HoursInstructions for Paper Setter1.The questions should be only in English2. The setters are requested to take care and ensure that the questions are within the syllabus3.. The questions should he innovative, clear and understandable4. Your co-operation is solicited and thankfully acknowledged by the College5. The questions are to be set divided in three SectionsSection: A Question Number (1) covering the whole syllabus should be Compulsory for all examinee toattempt consisting of 10 (Ten) Objective Type Questions: Multiple Choice Questions (with four options)Fill in the Blanks/ True or False Each question carry 01 (One) mark and there is no negative markingfor wrong answers. Marks allotted: 1xl 0= 10Section: B Question Number (2) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 8 (Eight) Short Answer TypeQuestions. The examinee are required to answer total of 4(Four) questions OIl!Y_ The limitation of theAnswer should be of a paragraph or half the page of the answer sheet with or without diagramslillustrations. Marks allotted: 5x4 = 20Section: C Question Number (3) covering the whole syllabus consisting of 6 (six} Long Answer orEssay Type Questions. The examinee are required to answer any three Long Answer Questions

Marks allotted: 1:5x3= 45

Unit 1: Meristematic and permanent tissuesRoot and shoot apical meristems; Simple and complex tissues

( 8 lectures)

Unit 2: OrgansStructure of dicot and monocot root stem and leaf

( 4 lectures;

Unit 3: Secondary Growth

Vascular cambium - structure and function, seasonal activity. Secondary gr,='-:'c::__:,", ie, root andstem, Wood (heartwood and sapwood)

Unit 4: Adaptive and protective systems (8Iecture5!

Epidermis, cuticle, stomata; General account of adaptations in xerophytes and hydrophvre ;

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Unit 5: Structural organization of flower (8 lectures)Structure of anther and pollen; Structure and types of ovules; Types of embryo sacs,organization and ultrastructure of mature embryo sac.

Unit 6: Pollination and fertilization (81ectUT(}s)

Pollination mechanisms and adaptations; Double fertilization; Seed-structure appendages anddispersal mechanisms.

Unit 7: Embryo and endosperm (8 lectures)

Endosperm types, structure and functions; Dicot and monocot embryo; Embryo-endospermrelationship

Unit 8: Apomixis and polyembryony (8 lectures)

Definition, t)pes and Practical applications

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Practical1. Study of meristems through permanent slides and photographs.2. Tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma); r...Iacerated xylary elements,Phloem (Permanent slides, photographs)3, Stem: Monocot: Zea mays; Dicot: Helianthus; Secondary: Helianthus (only Permanent Iides).4. Root: Monocot: Zea mays; Dicot: Helianthus; Secondary: Helianthus (only Permanent lides).5. Leaf: Dicot and Monocot leaf (only Permanent slides).6. Adaptive anatomy: Xerophyte tNerium leaf); Hydrophyte iHydrilla stem).

7. Structure of anther (young and mature), tapetum (amoeboid and secretory) (Permanent lides)

8. Types of ovules: anatropous, orthotropous, circinotropous, amphitropous! campylotr0POllS.

9. Female gametophyte: Polygonum (monosporic) type of Embryo sac Development(Permanent slides/photographs).10.Ultrastructure of mature egg apparatus cells through electron micrographs.

11 . Pollination types and seed dispersal mechanisms (including appendages, aril.caruncle) Photographs and specimens).

I2. Dissection of embryo/endospenn from developing seeds.Calculation of percentage of germinated pollen in a given medium.

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