61

62

63

64

65

66

67

Coxim

Bonito

Miranda

AquidauanaCampo Grande

Corumbá

Upper Miranda

Lower Negro

Middle Negro

Middle Negro (Anhumas)

Upper Negro

Upper Aquidauana

Taboco (Upper Taboco)

Taboco (Middle Taboco)

Upper Taquari

50 km

N

Rio Para

guai

Rio Taquarí

Rio N

egro

Rio Miranda

C25-C26

C22

C13-C16

C23 -C24

C21

C19-C20

C17-C18

C12

C05,C09-C11C07-C08

C06

Area ofDetail

Headwaters,Highlands

Lowlands

68

All Sub-basinsGenus species

Aequidens sp. 2Astyanax cf. abramisCarnegiella myersiCochliodon cf. cochliodonCorydoras acutusCorydoras cf. loretoensisCreagrutus sp. 2Cyphocharax spiluropsisEigenmannia virescensGasteropelecus sterniclaHoplias malabaricusHypostomus sp. 2Imparfinis stictonotusKnodus cf. gammaKnodus cf. victoriaeLoricaria sp.Moenkhausia collettiMoenkhausia dichrouraMoenkhausia sanctaefilomenaeMoenkhausia sp. 3Ochmacanthus cf. alternusOdontostilbe paraguayensisOtocinclus mariaeParagoniates alburnusPhenacogaster cf. pectinatusPimelodella gracilisPimelodella cf. itapicuruensisPrionobrama filigeraRineloricaria lanceolataRineloricaria sp.Steindachnerina dobulaSturisoma nigrirostrumTriportheus angulatus

Only 23 species out of a total of 176 species arefound in allsub-regions

69

Results from Pantanal AquaRAP - 1998

Headwater Lowlands

Plants 431 239

Fishes: 114 157

***** Different Patterns of Diversity

***** Headwater Species distributed as islands70

Total (N=38) Three Regions (N=9)Amaralia hypsiura Ancistrus sp. 2Ancistrus sp. 1 Astyanax lineatusAncistrus sp. 2 Characidium sp. 3Astyanax lineatus Cochliodon cochliodonAstyanax sp. 1 Corydoras aeneusAstyanax sp. 2 Creagrutus sp. AAstyanax sp. 3 Loricaria sp. 3Astyanax sp. 4 Parodon gestriBrycon microlepis Piabarchus torrenticolaBryconamericusstramineusBryconops sp. 2 Two Regions (N=5)Callichthys callichthys Astyanax sp. 2Characidium sp. 3 Brycon microlepisCochliodon cochliodon Bryconamericus stramineusCorydoras aeneus Hypostomus sp. 3Corydoras polystictus Phenacorhamdia hoehneiCreagrutus sp. AFarlowella sp. 2Hemigrammus lunatusHyphessobrycon sp. 3Hypostomus sp.Hypostomus sp. 1Hypostomus sp. 2

Fishes Found only in Headwater Habitats

71

Dis

tan

ce

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

UMIR UTAQ

AQ UN

UTAB MTAB

MN ANH

LN

******************* Headwaters

******************* Lowlands

72

Results from Pantanal AquaRAP - 1998

Subregional Analysis

1. High Similarities among Headwater Regions

2. Low Similarities between Headwaters & Lowlands

3. High Similarities among Lowland Regions

*** Plants, Crustaceans, Amphibeans, Fishes***

73

Results from Pantanal AquaRAP - 1998

Subregional Analysis

Strong Pattern of Faunal, Floral Turnover between Headwaters and Lowlands

Management Plan Must Account for Regional Differences

74

Black Water White WaterGenus species Genus species

Acanthodoras cataphractus Anodus elongatusAgamyxis pectinifrons Apistogramma sp. 3Ancistrus sp. 4 Astronotus crassipinnisApistogramma sp. 4 Auchenipterus cf. nuchalisAstrodoras asterifrons Cheirodon sp. 2Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus Cynodon gibbusCheirodontinae sp. Duopalatinus cf. malarmoCichla cf. monoculus Heptapterus sp.Cichlasoma severum Imparfinis sp.Corydoras cf. napoensis Loricariidae sp.Crenicara cf. unctulata Moenkhausia sp. 1Curimatella alburna Odontostilbe sp. 1Dianema longibarbis Plagioscion squamosissimusGlyptoperichthys lituratus Pristobrycon sp.Hemigrammus cf. pretoensis Pseudodoras nigerHemigrammus cf. unilineatus Pseudohemiodon sp. 1Hyphessobrycon cf. anisitsi Pseudostegophilus nemurusHyphessobrycon cf. gracilior Roeboides cf. myersiHypopygus lepturus Serrasalmus cf. marginatusLaemolyta sp. Serrasalmus marginatusMetynnis luna Serrasalmus sp.Microgeophagus altispinosa Tetragonopterinae sp.Moenkhausia cf. commaMoenkhausia sp. 6Nannostomus trifasciatusPimelodidae sp.

Black Water Only (n=36)

White Water Only (n = 22)

No SignificantWater-Class Effect!

75

All MacrohabitatsGenus species

Astyanax cf. abramisCorydoras trilineatusCrenicichla cf. heckeliiCtenobrycon spilurusCyphocharax spiluropsisHoplias malabaricusMoenkhausia dichrouraMoenkhausia sanctaefilomenaeOdontostilbe fugitivaOdontostilbe hasemaniOdontostilbe cf. paraguayensisSteindachnerina dobula

Only 12 speciesout of 176 speciesare found in allmacrohabitats!

76

Lin

ka

ge

Dis

tan

ce

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

V H S BA BK L R

Headwaters,Veredas(morichals)

Flood Cycle Habitats rivers to lagoons 77

Rivers

Swamps

Bahias

Backwaters

LagoonsFlood Cycle Effect

78

     

Effect

Vegetation # of

Stations

# of

Species

Presence –

absenceAbund.

 

Grasses 

31 

169

 

No, P>0.3

 

No, P>0.03

 

Flooded vegetation

 

37

 

160

 

No, P>0.4

 

Yes, P<0.003

 

Riparian forest

 

44

 

174

 

Yes, P<0.05

 

Yes, P<0.02

Effect of Vegetation on FishesPantanal

79

Number of Habitats

Cu

mm

ula

tiv

e P

erc

en

t o

f To

tal

Sp

ec

ies

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Pantanal -- Fishes Effects of Habitat Protection

Cu

mu

lati

ve P

e rce

nt

of T

o tal

Sp

ecie

s

Number of Habitats

80