6624729 81 the Abiotic and Biotic Component of the Environment

8/2/2019 6624729 81 the Abiotic and Biotic Component of the Environment

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8. Dynamic Ecosystem


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What is ecosystem? Biological community of interacting

organisms and their physical environment.

Ecology the scientific study of theinteraction of living organisms with other

organisms and with the physical environment


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8.1 The Abiotic and BioticComponent of the

Environment


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The abiotic component The non-living components such as

2. pH value soil and water

3. Light intensity as source of energy

4. Temperature

5. Humidity amount of water vapour present in theair

6. Topography physical features of land (altitude,gradient and aspect of region)

7. Microclimate climate in a microhabitat


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The biotic component The living organisms in the environment such as

2. Producers synthesise organic substances (plants)

3. Consumers eat other organisms (primaryconsumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer)

4. Decomposers microorganisms that break down

waste products and dead bodies (bacteria and fungi)


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Identify the biotic and abiotic component in the pond

ecosystem shown in the picture below.


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Food chain, food web and trophic

levels Food chain - sequence of organisms through which

energy is transferred.

Each stage - trophic level


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Food web food chain interconnected.

Energy flows through food web and lost when

it transferred from one level to another levelof the trophic levels in the form of heat

Food chain, food web and trophic

levels


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The interaction between biotic

component in relation to feeding Organisms interact with one another in

various ways such as

2. Symbiosis3. Saprophytism

4. Prey-predator


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1. Symbiosis Close relationship between two or more

different species which live closely together

and interact with each other Three categories:

c) Commensalism

d) Mutualism

e) Parasitism


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a) Commensalism One species (the commensal) benefits, the

other (the host) dont get benefits nor is

harmed E.g. epiphytes grows on branches of trees


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b) Mutualism Relationship between two species of

organisms in which both benefit

E.g. bacteria in the digestive system of human


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c) Parasitism Relationship between two organisms in which

one organism (the parasites) benefits from the

other organism (the host) Two types:

Ectoparasites live on the surface of the host

(e.g. ticks and fleas) Endoparasites live inside the body of the

host (e.g. tapeworms)


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2. Saprophytism What is saprophytism and give examples.


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3. Prey-predator Relationship where an organism which is

smaller, called the prey, is haunted and eaten

by a stronger animal, the predator E.g. an owl (predator) and a rat (prey)

The interaction takes place in a cycle that

keeps the populations of both organisms in adynamic equilibrium


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The interaction between biotic

component in relation to competition Competition interaction between organisms

living together in a habitat and competing for

the same resources that are limited supply Two types:

Intraspecific competition between the same

species Interspecific competition between different

species


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Exercise

Do Focus Practice 8.1 on page 181 in the

textbook

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6624729 81 the Abiotic and Biotic Component of the Environment