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Appendix A

Technique Reaction Surfaces/SubstratePhysical powder dusting

Magnetic brush powder

Adherence to oils and water residues of print

Smooth, nonporous surfaces; metals, glass, plastic, tile, and finished woods

Oblique lighting and photography

Natural residues of fingerprints

Smooth and nonreflective surfaces

Laser/ALS Luminescent material in fingerprint residue

Smooth, nonporous or slightly porous surfaces

X-ray Adherence of lead powder to fingerprint residues

Smooth, nonporous, and slightly porous surfaces such as human skin

Vacuum coating Adherence of gold, silver, or cadmium to fingerprint residues

Smooth surfaces such as plastic films, polyethylene, and paper

Chemical iodine fuming

Chemical interaction of iodine with fatty acids and lipid in residue

Smooth surfaces such as paper and human skin

Ninhydrin/DFO (1,8,-diazafluoren-9-one)/physical developer

Chemical interaction with amino acids, peptides, and proteins of residues

Paper, cardboard, unfinished wood

Super Glue (cyanoacrylate ester)

Chemical reaction with amino acids and water molecules

Plastic, metal, glass, cloth

Gentian violetSticky Side Powder®

Chemical reaction Tapes, adhesive surfaces

Small particle reagent (SPR)

Physically adheres to lipids and fats

Sticky surfaces, wet surfaces

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