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Soil Investigation and Foundations
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CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION
CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTIONDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSSOIL INVESTIGATIONSoil investigationsare performedto obtain information on the physical and chemical properties of soil and rock in order to design earthworksandfoundationsfor proposed structures and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface conditions. Soil investigation will include surface exploration and subsurface exploration of a site.
TYPES OF SOILSSANDCLAYSILTGRAVELSOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSSOIL INVESTIGATIONTYPES OF INVESTIGATIONSTEST PITSBORINGHAND AUGERMECHANICAL AUGERROTARYPERCUSSIONSOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSSOIL INVESTIGATIONTYPES OF TESTS
FEILD TESTS/IN-SITU TESTS
LABORATORY TESTSSOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSSOIL INVESTIGATIONTYPES OF TESTS
STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT)UNDISTURBED SAMPLINGDISTURBED SAMPLING
CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT)
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
OTHER LABORATORY TESTSSOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSFOUNDATIONS:
SHALLOW FOUNDATION
DEEP FOUNDATIONSOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSSHALLOW FOUNDATION
SPREAD FOUNDATIONSINGLE FOOTINGSQUARE FOOTINGSTEPPED FOOTINGSLOPING FOOTING
STRIP FOOTING
COMBINED FOOTING
CANTILEVER FOOTING
RAFT/MATT FOOTING
CONTINOUS FOOTING
STRIP FOOTINGSINGLE FOOTING
SOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSDEEP FOUNDATION
RIGID FOUNDATION
PILE FOUNDATIONBEARING PILESFRICTION PILESBATTERED PILESANCHOR PILESSHEET PILESWOODEN PILESCAST IN-SITU PILESSTEEL PILESFENDER PILES
SOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSLOADING ON FOUNDATIONS
FOUNDATIONS MUST BE DESIGNED AS TO BALANCE THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY WITH THE CENTRE OF RIGIDITY.
THE POINT LOAD FROM THE COLUMN MUST BE LOCATED ON THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF THE FOOTING INCASE OF SIMPLE LOADING. SOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSLOADING ON FOUNDATIONSECCENTRIC LOADINGIF THE POINT LOAD FROM THE COLUMN CANNOT BE LOCATED ON THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THE FOOTING, THE CASE IS CALLED THE ECCENTRIC LOADING CASE. INCASE OF ECCENTRIC LOADING,B = B 2eYL = L 2ex
A = B x LeXeyLBSOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSLOADING ON FOUNDATIONSDEPTH OF FOUNDATION
RANKINES FORMULA
H = P/W * (1-SIN/1 + SIN)2
WHERE,P = SAFE PERMISSIBLE PRESSURE ON BASE IN LBS/FT2W = WIEGHT OF SOIL IN LBS/FT2 = ANGLE OF REPOSE OF SOIL.
SOIL INVESTGATION & FOUNDATIONSFAILURE OF FOUNDATIONS
DISCOMPACTION OF SOIL
GENERAL FAILURE
LOCAL FAILURE
RELATIVE SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATION
UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF WIEGHT
HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
MOISTURE IN SOIL
ATMOSPHERIC EFFECT
ROOTS IN TREES