Workshop on Climate Change

8-9 October, 2009Mombasa, Kenya

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Workshop on Climate Change

8-9 October, 2009Mombasa, Kenya

Published by the African Technology Policy Studies Network, P.O. Box 10081, 00100General Post Office, Nairobi, Kenya.

©2009 African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)

ISBN: 9966-916-88-1

PRINTED BY MAJESTIC PRINTING WORKS LTDP.O.Box 42466, GPO00100 Nairobi, KenyaTel: 2222662, Fax: 2211784

Edited by:Dr. Kevin Urama C., ATPSDr. Nicholas Ozor, ATPSDr. Dan Olago, University of NairobiProf. George Krhoda, University of NairobiProf. Anne Amadi, Kenya Country Business Incubator (Kekobi)Prof. Francis Mutua, University of Nairobi

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LISTOFABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMS

AMCEN AfricanMinisterialCouncilonEnvironment

ATPS AfricanTechnologyPolicyStudiesNetwork

ESP EconomicStimulusPackage

CCAA ClimateChangeAdaptationforAfrica

CDF ConstituencyDevelopmentFund

CDM CleandevelopmentMechanism

COP ConferenceoftheParties

DFID DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment

GDP GrossDomesticProduct

IDRC InternationalDevelopmentResearchCooperation

ICPAC IntergovernmentalClimatePredictionsandApplicationsCentre

IFPRI InternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute

IGAD IntergovernmentalAuthorityforDevelopment

IPCC IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange

LDCs LeastDevelopedCountries

MDGs MillenniumDevelopmentGoals

MEMR MinistryofEnvironmentandMineralResources

MP MemberofParliament

NEMA NationalEnvironmentandmanagementAuthority

NGO NonGovernmentalOrganisation

REDD ReductionEmissionsduetoDeforestationandDesertification

UN UnitedNations

UNFCCC UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

UNEP UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

USA UnitedStatesofAmerica

USD UnitedStatesDollar

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

NowthatwehavesuccessfullyhostedthefirsteverParliamentarySensitizationWorkshoponClimateChangeinKenya,wewishtosincerelyacknowledgethosewhomadethisuniqueeventmemorableandsuccessful.Firstly,wewishtothankHon.JohnMichuki,EGH,MinisterforEnvironmentandMineralResources;Hon.Dr.NoahWekesa,MinisterforForestryandWildlife;Hon.KennethMarende,SpeakeroftheNationalAssembly,Dr.AchimSteiner,ExecutiveDirector,UNEPandtheHon.MembersofParliamentfortheirleadershipanddepthofcommitmentinbringingclimatechangetothetopofthepolicy‐makers’agenda.TheirinfluencewasreflectedintherepresentationofhighleveldelegationsconsistingofMinisters,MembersofParliament,ParliamentaryCommissionersandotherseniorgovernmentofficialswhoattendedtheworkshop.

WethankinaspecialwayalltheMPsthatattendedtheworkshopforavailingthemselvestheopportunitytobepartofthishistoricevent.WeexpectthattheworkshopservedasalaunchingpadforthedeserveddebateonclimatechangeinKenya.

WeappreciateallthepartnerswhosupportedthiseventfortheirexemplaryleadershipandpartnershipinsensitizingkeystakeholdersonthistopicalissueofclimatechangeandespeciallyinpreparingthestakeholdersfortheCOP15meetinginCopenhagen,Denmark.Theyinclude;theMinistryofEnvironmentandMineralResourcesledbyMr.GideonGathaara,theUNEP,ledbyMr.HenryNdede,theICPACledbyProf.LabanOgalloandtheATPSledbyDr.KevinUrama.

WedoappreciatealltheResourcePersonswhomadetheworkshopeventveryeducative,informativeandentertaining.TheircontributionswhichhavealreadybeenregisteredwillcontinuetoberememberedbyKenyans.WethanktheTechnicalteamledbyProf.GeorgeKrhodaforassemblingalltheexperts,professionals,institutionsandorganizationsfortheworkshop.Theyprovidedcriticaltechnicalsupport,rapporteuringandfacilitationforthebreakoutsessions.

Finally,wethanktheorganizingteamfortheworkshopledbyDrKevinUrama,ExecutiveDirector,ATPS,forensuringthesmoothoperationofallactivitiesduringtheevent.WeowemanythankstotheeditorialteamledbyDrNicholasOzor,ResearchOfficer,ATPS,fortheirsteadfastnessandcommitmenttotheproductionofthiswork.Inall,wesaythankstotheenvironmentthatsustainsus.

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1.BACKGROUNDOFTHEWORKSHOP

1.1:Introduction

TheMinistryofEnvironmentandMineralResources (MEMR) inconjunctionwiththe IGADClimatePredictionandApplicationsCentre(ICPAC),supportedbyIDRCandDFIDthroughtheClimateChangeAdaptation forAfrica (CCAA)Programme, incollaborationwith theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)andtheAfricanTechnologyPolicyStudies (ATPS)NetworkhostedasensitizationworkshopforMembersofParliament(MPs)oftheNationalAssemblyinKenya,underthetheme“ParliamentaryCommitteesSensitizationWorkshoponClimateChange”attheMombasaContinentalHotelfrom8thto9thOctober2009.

1.2:Rationaloftheworkshop

The workshop targeted MPs in recognition of the political dimension of climate change,especiallythecentralroleofMPsinthreeareasnamely,makinglaws,formulatingpolicies,and inmobilizing their constituencies in supportinggovernmentprogrammes in socialandeconomic development. In this respect the strategic goal of the workshop is to connectpoliticstopoliciesandpracticessoastoconservetheKenyanenvironment.ThepurposeistoleveragepoliticalsupportandengagementtotackleclimatechangeconcertedlyinKenya.

The workshop brought together Chair persons and full Committee members of threeCommittees, namely Lands and Natural Resources, Environment, Agriculture as well asChairsoftheother24CommitteesoftheNationalAssembly.TheMPsareexpectedtomakevaluable contributions during these two days as part of the national preparation to theConferenceofParties(CoP15)meetingfrom7thofDecemberinCopenhagentoreviewtheachievementsoftheKyotoProtocolandmakecommitmentintothefuture.

Over one hundred and fifty delegates representing various stakeholder groups,parliamentarians, institutionsandprofessions,resourcepersonsanddevelopmentpartnerswithexpertise in the subjectmatterwere inattendanceat theworkshop (Seeprogram inAnnex1.ThelistofparticipantsisshowninAnnex2.

1.3:WorkshopObjectives

The strategic objective of the workshop is to sensitise, appraise and engage selectedparliamentarycommitteesonclimatechangeissuesforKenya.Thespecificobjectivesoftheworkshopareto:

• AppraisetheHonourableMembersofParliamentonclimatechangeissuesforKenya;• EngagemembersofParliamentinKenya’sNationalClimateChangeResponseStrategy

(NCCRS)andotherstrategicinitiativesforaddressingclimatechangeinKenya;• Appraise and engageMembers of Parliament onKenya’s positionpaper for the 15th

ConferenceofParties(COP15)onClimateChangevisavisthepositionofotherpartiesandtheirimplicationsforKenya;and

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• Facilitate and strengthen collaboration and coordination amongst ParliamentaryCommitteestoinformtheprocessofthepreparationoftheclimatechangepolicyforKenya.

1.4:ExpectedOutputs

Theworkshopisexpectedtoproducethefollowingkeyoutputs:

• AcommuniquébythemembersofParliamentonclimatechangeissuesforKenya;• AreportoncontributionstotheCoP15processandaclimatechangepolicyforKenya

bythemembersofParliament;and• Enhanced collaboration and coordination amongst Parliamentary Committees to

informtheprocessofthepreparationoftheclimatechangepolicyforKenya.

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2.WORKSHOPOPENINGCEREMONY

The workshop was called to session by Dr. AliceKaudia, the Environment Secretary, Ministry ofEnvironment and Mineral Resources, Kenya. Hon.ErastusMureithiopenedthemeetingwithawordofprayer. The Chairman of Lands and NaturalResources Hon. Mutava Musyimi was invited topresent theMPs attending theworkshop. TheMPsintroducedthemselves.

Inheropeningremarks,DrKaudiagaveanoverviewof the aims, objectives and outputs of the workshop noting that the government hasundertaken to sensitize key stakeholders and the Kenyanpeople on the challenges posedandopportunitiesofferedbyclimatechange.Initiativesrelatedtothis includedtheClusterconsultationworkshopwhichformspartoftheNationalClimateChangeResponseStrategy(NCCRS)thatiscurrentlyunderformulation.

DrKaudiaemphasizedthattheworkshopwasintendedforMPsasthemaintargetgroupasthey represent, in part, the political dimension of climate change. She urged theParliamentarianstomakeanoteoftheirexpectationsfromtheworkshopsothattheycanconsequently use it to evaluate the workshop results. She then invited the Minister ofEnvironment and Mineral Resources (MEMR), Hon. John Michuki, EGH, to present hiswelcomeaddress.

2.1:WelcomeAddress by theMinister for Environment andMineral Resources (MEMR)Hon.JohnMichuki,EGH.

The Minister welcomed the participants andrecognised that Climate Change has emerged asoneofthemostchallengingissuesontheprioritiesof Kenya and many other countries around theworld. He noted that climate change impacts inKenya could be related to a rise in extremeweather events such as floods, droughts and thereducingsnowcaponMountKenya,andthatsuchevents,includingforestdegradationandepidemicsand other water borne diseases are claiminghundredsoflivesandnegativelyimpactingonthenationaleconomy.Watersupply,tourism,hydro‐powergenerationhasdeclinedduetoclimatechangeimpactsonwaterresourcesandtheirdependants.Hefurthernotedthattheseimpactsareexperiencedmostseverelybythepoor,who rely on fragile environmental resources for their livelihoods andwho have theleastresourcestoadapt,mitigateandrecoverfromthechallengeofclimatechange.

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One of the major challenges that Kenya faces is that policies, laws and regulations thataddress climate change are fragmented across several sectors and legislative andadministrative jurisdictions, and are not well coordinated. They are therefore not clearlyarticulated and coordinated to tackle climate change issues. To correct this scenario theMinistry of Environment & Mineral Resources is working towards developing acomprehensive climate change policy, as well as budgetary contributions to a NationalClimateChangeresourceinvestmentframework.

The MEMR is currently working closely with the Ministry of Forestry in a nationalafforestationprogramme,whichhasboththebenefitsofcarbonsequestrationandreversalofenvironmentaldegradation.Itinvolvestreeplantingandgrowingbyover35,000schools,women’s groups (4,3000); 6 regional authorities; over 16350 youth groups; and themultiplicityoflocalauthoritiesthatexistthroughoutthecountry,andcivilsocietyactors.Henotedthatmembersofparliamentandparliamentarycommitteesgatheredatthemeetinghaveanimportantroletoplayinadvocatingandpromotinglawsandregulationsthatwouldsatisfytheseobjectives.

Thekeyareasforinterventionintheclimatechangeinitiativeinclude:1. Identifying and assessing potential climate change impacts, especially the

consequencesonthepoorandtheirlivelihoods.2. Supportinggrassrootscommunitiesandtheyouthtorespondtoclimatechange3. Developingappropriateinstitutionalandtechnicalresponses.4. Promoting existing best practice to contribute to combating climate change whilst

sustaining development and enhancing the use of equitable and sustainable futuremitigationopportunities.

5. MobilizingresourcesbothlocallyandinternationallytotacklethechallengesofclimateThisiswhythisfinancialyear,theMEMRhaschosentheclarioncall“TogetherwecantackleClimateChange”Everybody,youngandoldalike,areexpectedtodowhat theycan in theareaofmitigation toclimatechange.Forexample theMEMRhasestablishedthat ifeveryKenyanwouldplant10trees,thecountrywouldrecoverthelostforestcoverinlessthan5years.

Kenyan economy relies heavily on climate vulnerable sectors, such as: agriculture, water,energy, transport and tourism, therefore, collaborative strategies and partnerships shouldbedevelopedtoaddressitscompleximpactsandthepeculiarvulnerabilitiesoftheKenyanpeople in order to manage the challenges posed by climate change. There is also anopportunity to use 2% of the Constituency Development Funds (CDF) earmarked forenvironmenttosupportcommunityprogrammestocombatclimatechange.

Globally, the political will and support towards combating climate change is thereforeevidentlyabundant.WhereastheUnitedStatesdidnotratifytheKyotoProtocol,indicationsfromthecurrentadministrationarethattheUnitedStatesofAmericahasaccordedclimatechangeissuesaveryhighpriority.ThereportbySirNicholasSternabouttheeconomicsofclimatechangeandtheproposed100billionUSdollarsperyearby2020forClimateChangeAdaptationFund,suggestedbyMrBrown,ThePrimeMinisterofGreatBritain,aswellas200

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milliondollarsperyearbytheyear2020,proposedbytheUNSecretaryfortheConventiononClimateChangeinBonn,indicatesthatthemagnitudeoftheproblemismassive.

OnthescienceofClimateChange:TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),abodyofeminentscientistswhosynthesizeandpackageknowledgeonclimatechangeintoacomprehensiveformforpolicyguidance,hasgivenusenoughevidencethattheworldhasbeengettingwarmer.Locallyourabilitytodetectandpredictminutechangesinourclimateis very important. We therefore need to increase investment in scientific research andresearch institutions, in order to ensure that locally relevant information on themanagementofclimatechangeimpactsarereadilyavailableandaccessibletopolicy‐makersandpractitioners.

TheMinister instructedhisPermanentSecretary to takenecessarysteps towardsensuringthataClimateChangePolicy,legislationandrelatedregulationsandguidelinesareinplacetosupportaunifiedandeffectiveaction.HerequestedtheMPstoengageinopendiscussionduringtheWorkshop,andinlinewiththepoliticalwillandsharedvisiondevelopedbytheAfricanMinistersfortheEnvironment(AMCEN)thatwaselaboratedduringthe13thSpecialSessionheldinMay2009inNairobi.ThisisbecausetheMPswouldbemakingcontributionsto thediscussions inCOP15.TheSpecial Session focusedon climate changeand informedtheAfricanpositiontowhichweascribeasacountry.

The roleofMPs in theWorkshopwas therefore tobrainstormandmake contributions tonationalclimatechangestrategies,andtoconsiderhowbest theyandtheirparliamentarycommittees and other future partnerships, could contribute to climate changemitigationand adaptation through their strategic and constituency development plans. The Hon.MinisteralsopresentedtheUNEPpublication:Kenya:AtlasofOurChangingEnvironmenttotheaudience.TheAtlasprovidesvisualandcompellingevidencesoftherapidchangestakingplaceinthecountry’scriticalecosystemsduetopressuresfromhumanactivities.Itprovidesagoodevidencebaseforstrategicinterventionbythegovernmentandcommunities.

2.3:KeynoteAddressbyMrAchimSteiner‐UnitedNationsUnderSecretary‐GeneralandExecutiveDirectorofUNEP

MrAchimSteinerinhisopeningremarksapplaudedtheefforts of Hon John Michuki, MEMR, because of theMinistry’s proactive approach to environmentalproblemsinthecountry.HenotedthatKenyahasfounda voice in issues of the environment, taking upchallengesthathavenotbeenpreviouslyaddressed.Heunderpinned UNEPs support for Kenya Government’senvironmentalprogrammes,and indicatedthatpoliticalgoodwill was necessary for UNEP to be effectively

involvedinthecountry’sprogrammes.

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HenotedthatMPsmorethananyothergroupinthiscountryhavebeenentrustedwiththeresponsibility to think not only in terms of today’s generation but be the custodian ofKenyans future.Heobservedthat ifnot inParliament, there isnowhereelsetoeffectivelyarticulatethisresponsibility.

Climatechangehasbroughtintofocustheverychallengesthatnowopposethefuturewell‐being of Kenya, its citizens, children and grandchildren. He defined environment as thenaturalsupportsystemthatunderpinstheeconomy,observingthatvariousactors,whetherfarmer,officeworker,industrialistorentrepreneur,relyonnaturalresourceoutputssuchaswater and electricity from hydropower for the proper functioning of their economicactivities.Henotedthat90%ofKenya’snaturalresourceisuniqueprovidingnationalwealththroughwildlife,habitats,mountains,coastalzonesandnationalparks.HepointedoutthataboutonebillionUSDperyearwillnotflowintoKenya’seconomyifstepswerenottakentoprotect someof thewildlifeenvironmentalassets that support the tourism industry.Giventhe relianceofKenya’seconomyonenvironmental resourcesand its sensitivity to climatevariabilityandchange,thesustainablemanagementoftheenvironmentiskeytoachievingKenya’sVision2030andtosecuringthefutureofKenya,.

Environmental change for a long time was considered as a price you have to pay fordevelopment. For a nation like Kenya, thatmay have been an illusion. At independence,Kenya had a population of only 8 million people but now with 40 million people theenvironmental assets have been subjected to unsustainable exploitation with adverseconsequences.

Notableimpactsofclimatechange

1.ThecapitalcityofKenyahastoturnoffherlightin2009forthreedaysinaweek,watersupply cannot be assured, lakes are drying up, livestock are dying, and pastoralists arehavingconflictswiththeirneighboursoverlandresources.ThefutureofKenyaispremisedonafundamentalchangetowardsenvironmentalstewardship.

2.EverytimethatKenyasuffersadroughtoramajorfloodingevent,someof5‐6%oftheGDPiswipedout,besidesthesufferingsofthepeopleinruralareas.

3.ThelatestcompendiumonclimatechangebyIPCCwaspublishedin2007,twoyearslater,virtuallyeverypieceofcurrentclimatechangeresearchindicatethatthescenariosthatIPCCputforwardweresoconservativeaseverycurrenttrendwasbeyondthepredictionsmadebytheIPCCreport.OntheAfricancontinent,oneofthefrustrationsofclimatechangeisthatit is going to present extremes of weather events whichwill bemost pronounced.Whatwouldhavebeenadryspellwillbecomeadroughtthatwill last for4‐5years;whatwouldhavebeenafloodingeventwillbecomeperhapsafloodingseason.

4.The InternationalFoodPolicyResearch Institute (IFPRI) inWashingtonhaspublishedananalysisofthevulnerabilityofagricultureduetoclimatechange.Thereportshowsthatthegreatestvulnerability identifiedwasthe irrigatedagriculture,predictionsofdamengineers

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areallgoingtobefoiledbyclimatechangeifmeasuresarenottakenintoaccountnowasdamswillbewashedby floodscreatingdamages tocities, settlements,housingandotherinfrastructure.

Recommendations

1. Like other infrastructural programmes, there is need to build the meteorologicalinfrastructure in thecountry’sVision2030statement.Adaptationhasbecomea termthatencapsulates themagnitude of the challenges in agriculture, infrastructure, livestock, thefutureofeconomy,etcthatisbroughtaboutbyclimatechange.

2. Investing in ecological infrastructure of a nation are both rational from the point ofhuman understanding as well as how Kenya is growing today, where it draws itsinfrastructuretosustainher40millionpeopleandtheambitionof6‐8%annualgrowthoftheGDP.Sadly,adaptationwill imposecostsoncountries likeKenyaandotherdevelopingnations.

3.Africawillhavetodiversifyitsresourcesinordertoadaptjustlikeanyothernationhavedone.Developmenthastobere‐thought intermsofclimateproofing;butsometimes, thecostistrulyaheavycost.

4.Kenyacanactuallydouble, tripleorquadruple itsexistingpower infrastructurecapacitybecauseofsomepeculiaradvantageintermsofhydropower,geothermalpowerwhichcanproduceabout2,000‐4,000megawattsofelectricity inKenya.TheroleofParliament is tochange the incentive structure so as to attract investors to harness alternative sources ofpowersupplyinKenya.Similarly,theGovernmentofKenyashouldtakeadvantageoflatesttechnologiesinalternativepowergeneration(solar)andattractinternationalinvestorsthatwillprovidethisinfrastructure.

5. Kenya should come forward with proposal that shows that they will become carbonneutralenergygeneratingnationwithplansonwhatitwillexactlytakethemtoachievethis.TheinternationalcommunitycanassistandpartnerwithKenyainrealizingthisobjective.

6. Kenya needs to seek all other financial mechanisms that will be available. In theforthcoming CoP15, therewill be resolves to generatemore financing to support climatechangeadaptationmeasuresandresearch.TheWorldBankhasalreadyspentaboutUSD30billionasloansonthisissue,butaboutUSD50‐100billionmorewillbemadeavailablenotasloans but as transfer payments in pursuant of schemes relating to climate changeadaptation.OnecommonexampleistheCDMprojects.

7.TheMPsneedtoformdifferentcommitteesto lookatclimatechange inthecontextofenvironmentalunderpinningsofthiseconomyandthereforetobreakdownfinallythenotionthatlookingaftertheenvironmentisatthedetrimentoftheeconomy.Mr.Steinerpredictsthat 20 years from now, alongside the finance ministries of the world, the second mostimportantportfoliowillbethatoftheministerinchargeofnaturalresources(environment)ofthecountry.

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HisaddressclimaxedwiththepresentationoftheKenya:AtlasofOurChangingEnvironmenttotheHon.MEMRandtheentiremembersofParliamentpresent.

2.4:KeynoteAddressontheRoleofForestsinClimateChangebyHon.Dr.NoahWekesa,MinisterforForestryandWildlife

Hon.Wekesa, Minister for Forestry andWildlife discussedtheroleofforestsinclimatechange.Herecognisedclimatechangeasoneofthegreatestenvironmentalthreatsagainsthumanityandlivestockworldwide.Heillustratedhowgoodforestmanagement can act as carbon sinks. Regarding theMauForestComplexquestion,henotedthatitisimportantforillegalloggerstogetoutoftheforest,buttheproblemisa complexmix of political, legal, economic, cultural, socialandenvironmentalentanglements.Heemphasisedtheneedtofindapeacefulsolutionandto look for schemes which promote afforestation indicating that 2.5% of the CDF fundsshouldbechannelledtoecologicalprojects.TheMinisternotedthat80%ofKenyaisaridorsemi‐aridlandwhileonly20%iswetlands.Itisimportantthereforetoplanttreesandinvestintechnologicalinnovationsthatwillpromoteirrigationofthearidandsemi‐aridareas.Hementioned a project with ICPAC that worked with indigenous weather forecasters. Hefurthernoted thatKenyaattractedKSh260million for thedevelopmentof framework forclimatechangeresponsestrategy.

Utilising the opportunity for Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) projects, Kenya willeffectively encourage conservation, carbon sequestration, afforestation/reforestation, andtheuseofbio fuels.Hesummarisedbysaying that theproblemofdeforestation inKenyacanactuallybereversedthroughconcertedeffortsofallstakeholders.Peopleshouldchangetheirattitudeofforestdestruction.

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3.WORKSHOPREMARKS

3.1:RemarksbyDrEvansKituyi,(IDRC,CCAA)

Dr.EvansKituyiemphasizedthattheClimateChangeAdaptationinAfrica (CCAA)Programme isdevotedtobuildingthecapacityof African researchers and professionals and especially theParliamentarians on the issues of climate change.He informedthat a radio station has already been established in Kenya toaddressissuesofadaptationtoclimatechangeandthatthereisnowweather insurance to cover farmers against crop failures.He urged MPs to debate, legislate and bring out policies for

climatechangeadaptation.

3.2RemarksbyChairsofCommittees

3.2.1: Hon. John Mututho MP, Chairman of Committee on Agriculture, Livestock andCooperatives

Citing theexampleof theMau forest, theMPdrewattention tohowhumanactivitiesareusingupresourcesataveryfastrate.HumanactivitieshavecausedturbulenceintheMauwhichishavingfarreachingeffectsallaroundthecountry,contrarytosomeskepticalviews.Heappealed toMPs touse their influenceas law‐makersandalso theiroversight roles torepealthelawsthatarenotrelevantandtopromotetheimportantonesthatareaffectingpeople’s lives such as on climate change. He provided the example of the 160 separatelegislationsonagriculturethatshouldberepealedsincesomeareobsoleteandcontinuetohamperagriculturaldevelopment.Theruleoflawshouldalsoberespectedandthisincludesthesanctityoftitledeeds.

3.2.2:Hon. ProfMargaret KamarMP,Vice Chair of Budget Committee and Convener ofPan‐AfricanParliamentarySummitonClimateChange

TheKenyanNationalassemblythroughtheParliamentarynetworkonrenewableenergyandclimatechangeisworkingtogetherwiththePan‐AfricanParliamentarynetworkonclimate

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change (a continental body initiated by the Parliamentarianswho attend theACP and EUjointParliamentaryassemblywherebothHon.Prof.KamarandHon.MusikariKombositin).Kenya was chosen to be the voice of the continent on climate change issues. The mainpurpose of the upcoming meeting will be to highlight Africa’s position and howParliamentarianscanrunwiththenegotiatedposition.Thethemeis“OneAfrica,Onevoice,Oneposition”.ItwillbepresidedoverbytheHeadofStateandthePrimeMinister.

3.2.3: Hon. NtoithaM’mithiaru, representing Hon. Chris Okemo, Chair of ParliamentaryCaucusonMDGs.

Environmentisanallembracingconceptandthereforefinance,tourismandplanningshouldmovehand inhandwithenvironmentalmatters.Henoted that if environment isnotwellmanaged it will lead to degradation, declining incomes, and health deterioration amongothers.

3.2.4:Hon.DavidKoechMP,Chairman,Education,ResearchandMethodology

TheMPraisedconcernson the levelofawarenessofKenyans to issuesof climatechangeandtheroleofeducationsector.Heinquiredwhethertheongoingexerciseonclimatecreditwill cover all forests in the country. He suggested that governments need to offeralternatives to fuelwood energy and sources of timber rather than imposing outright bananddenyingthecommunitiesofalivelihood.

3.2.5:Hon.ShakeelShabbirMP,ChairmanoftheLocalAuthorities

HeexpresseddissatisfactionwithUNEPand the technocrats inchargeof theLakeVictoriaBasinInitiative.Heurgedthegovernmenttosetanexampleonplantingtreesasidefromthecurrentpracticeofreplacingthetown’sroadsidetreesandflowerswithstones.

3.3:RemarksbyotherMPs

3.3.1:Hon.SilasMuriuki,MP

LoggingandfireissuesareextensiveandarebeyondtheMauforest.Thisisbeingdonebyinfluentialbusinesspeopleandnotbythecontiguouscommunities.Theforestrangersarealso not effective. He suggested that there is need to sensitize people on afforestationprograms and to develop a policy on eradication of the Eucalyptus trees as the latterconsumealotofwater.

3.3.2:Hon.BenedictOgunda,MP

The MP questioned government’s readiness in afforestation programmes (particularlydroughtresistantvarieties)intheAridandSemi‐AridLands(ASALs).

3.3.3:Hon.KiemaKilonzo,MP

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The MP noted that in Ukambani, charcoal burning and sand harvesting are the mainoccupations without which people will be deprived of a livelihood. The governmentthereforeneedstoexplorealternativelivelihoodstrategiesforthem.

3.3.4:Hon.ThomasMwadeghu,MP–Wundanyi,TaitaTaveta

The MP expressed dissatisfaction with the management of Taita forest which has beenexcised.Henotedthatemphasisshouldnotonlybeonplantingof treesbutalsoensuringthat the trees planted grow to maturity. The member mentioned that noble energyinitiativessuchasthebiogasinNgongwerefrustratedoutofvestedinterestsbygovernmentofficialsonotherenergy sources.Hequeried the responsibilityof thepeopledownstreamoverefficientwaterutilizationsincethereisnostrategyorpolicythatwillcompelthemtoconserveorcompensatefortheonesupstream.

3.3.5:Hon.ErastusMureithi,MPandHorticulturalfarmer

TheMPremarkedthatorganizationssuchasWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)areputtinguplawsandregulationsbasedontheeffectsofclimatechange.

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4.CLIMATECHANGEINKENYA:WHATARETHEPRIORITIES?

4.1AkeynotepaperonClimateChangeinKenya:Whatarethepriorities?ByProf.LabanOgallo,Director,ICPAC

Africa is contributing less than 2% of GHGs, but it is highlyaffected by the impact of global warming. The gases appearnaturallybuthumanactivitiesarepumpingmoregasesthantheatmosphere is able to absorb (Figure 1). The effects that arebeing experienced are declining snow on Mt. Kilimanjaro,reoccurrences of severe droughts and floods, rising sea‐levels,drying rivers etc. The likely impacts are on health, naturalresources,agriculture,waterresources,andcoastalresources.Perennialrivershavebecomeseasonal. Women are also more vulnerable to climate change. The current challengesincludewidespreadpoverty,frequentandrecurrentdroughts,landcoverchanges,andover‐dependenceonrain‐fedagriculture.

4.2:Discussants’remarks

4.2.1: Dr. Joseph Mukabana, Director, Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) onScienceandPolicyofClimateChange

The Director recommended some guiding principles and policy prescriptions based onstudies already conducted to include public participation programmes, implementation ofthe Polluter Pays Principle, principle of integration, good governance, among others. Hecalled for the need to carry out national inventories of GHGs; development of climate

Fig. 1: Illustrations of human activities and land cover changes that affect the climate

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adaptation and mitigation operational plans and its enforcement; mainstreaming climatechange adaptation in national programs and plans; assessment of the impacts andvulnerabilitiesofclimatechange;buildingresilienceoflivelihoodstocopewiththeadverseeffects of climate change; and research and development in climate change and disastermanagement. Others include; developing and sustaining systematic observation for earlywarning, climate change information gathering and dissemination particularly theindigenous knowledge; provision of economic incentives; encouraging regional andinternationalcooperation;andcontinuousmonitoringandevaluation.

4.2.2:Dr.MuusyaMwinzi,NEMARepresentativeonbehalfoftheDirectorGeneral

InKenyaall theagro‐ecologicalareas including forestsecosystem,wetland, rangelandandgrasslands,montane,marineandmangrovewillbeaffectedbyclimatechangeatalarmingrates. Regarding resource distribution of water resources, we have insufficient data forgroundwaterreserves.Hereiteratedtheneedfortechnologysuchasirrigationandamasterplan landuseplanning toprotectourbiodiversityand todevelop infrastructureaspartofdisastermanagement.

4.2.3:Mr.Agatsiva,LandUseandNaturalResources

Therearevariouswaysof classifying landuses suchas forestry; fisheries; rangelands, andgrasslandsetc.Itisimportanttomapoutthelandusestoestablishiftheyarepositivelyornegatively impacted on by climate change. The prevalent land use conflicts are betweenwildlifeand landusessuchas tourism,agricultureetc,arising fromcompetition forwater,land and foliage. There needs to be ways of managing these resources in a sustainablemanner.Populationchangehasalsobeenexpandingand impactingon the resourcebase.Land use change analysis currently dwells on only one aspect and fails to establish howchanges inone landusetype influencesorare influencedbyothers.Otherchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedarelowawareness,littleincentives,andlackofeffectiveguidelinesfornationalandregionaldisasterpreparedness.

4.2.3:Dr.WilsonSonga,AgricultureSecretary,MinistryofAgriculture

Agriculture is an important sector that contributes about 40% of GDP, while resourceallocation is not commensurate and is about 4.2%. The challenges facing agriculture areunique,diverseandcomplex,andinclude;foodinsecurities,economicrecession,highfoodprices; competition of biofuels and climate change and variability. It is quite clear thatagriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change effects. Currently there is lowagriculturalproductivitythatwillworsenwiththeadventofclimatechange.TheMinistryhasembarkedonproactiveinterventionssuchas:theencouragementofwaterharvesting,highemphasison irrigationprogrammes,protectionofnatural resourcesthroughagroforestry,soilandwaterconservation,andresearchanddevelopmenteffortsonadaptationmeasures.

4.2.4:Mr.Wahome,DeputyChiefEconomist,MinistryofFinance

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Theimpactsofclimatechangeonwater,energyandagriculturearehighlythreateningtheeconomic stability of the country. Economic growth and development provide requisiteresourcesandtechnologyadvancementthatwillenabletheeconomytoadaptandmitigateagainst climate change. The task is to ensure that poverty reduction strategies are notoverwhelmed and reversed by climate change. Currently, the country does not have aClimate Change Policy in place. In this regard, we need a long term framework that willtackleclimatechangeinthemostcosteffectivewayandthatwillallowthelowestimpactoncompetitiveness.Thegovernmenthasembarkedonthefollowingoverallinitiatives:1. CampaignonGreenEnergyDevelopmentaimedatachievingrapidexpansionofnational

generationofgreenenergy,strongpromotionofefficientconsumptionofconventionalenergy, significant reduction of the cost of energy and installation of additional 2000megawattsbyJune,2012.

2. Establishing Green Energy Facility to provide loan and grant funds for green energyprojectsdevelopment fromwhichoverUSD92billionseedmoneywillbemobilizedtosupportgeothermal,alternativeenergysources,etc.

3. ForestcarbonpartnershipfacilityseedfundofUSD3.6million.4. ClimateinvestmentfundoftheWorldBanktosupportcleandevelopmenttechnologies.5. IdentificationofEconomicStimulusPackage(ESP)projects.

AwindpowerprojectinLakeTurkanaisnearingcompletion,costing700milliondollarsandishopedto increaseenergycapacityby25%.Therearevariouschallengesconstraining themaximum exploitation of CDM such as low levels of fossil fuel use hence reducing theopportunities available for exploiting CDM, commercial credit is inadequate, lack of afavorableCDMenvironment,lowcapacitybuildingandinadequateawareness.Thepolicyoptionsthatneedtobeaddressedinclude:• Mainstreamingclimatechangeintothebudgetaryprocesswhichiscurrentlyongoing.• PreparationofaClimatePolicy• Conduciveenvironmentofpublicprivatepartnerships(PPPs).• Promotionofcompetitiveemissionsreductionschemestosellininternationalscene• NegotiateasmartdealforCopenhagen,and• Sourcingformultilateralandbilateralfunding.

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5:CLIMATECHANGE,NATIONALSECURITYANDLAW

5.1PlenarypresentationonClimateChange,NationalSecurityandLawbyDr.JaneDwasi,

The negative impacts of climate change are likely to impactnational security. Floods and droughts may destabilizemilitary planning operations and could overwhelm disasterresponsiveness of the government. These disasters wouldreduce the resource base of the government leaving thegovernment constrained in dealing other matters. On therelationship between climate change and law, laws providelegitimacy of actions in programs and projects and are the

only acceptable tool in controlling human activities that contribute to GHGs. Kenya is asignatorytotheinternationalconvention–UNFCCC‐thatprovidesaframeworkforreducingthe generation of GHG. The convention expresses consensus of 186 countries requiringactionsbytheirgovernmentsGHGreduction.ExistingpollutionlawsandprincipleshavenotbeenutilizedinKenya,hencetheneedforare‐thinktoputtheselawsintooperation.It istimetostopmanagingbycrisis(damagecontrolpolicy)therefore;sectoralpoliciesrelatingto climate changemustbe coordinated.Public interestmustbeprimary inenvironmentalmanagement and alternative source(s) of livelihood should be addressed in enforcingclimatelawsandpolicies.

5.2:Remarksonthepaper:ClimateChange,NationalSecurityandLaw

• Individual governments have tomake climate change policies and put laws to statetheywillnotchargecarbontaxbutdisposabletax.Policiesshouldbe integrated intothethreeVision2030frameworkpillarsandshouldbenonambiguoustocontrol forambivalent responses from the people.We need to engage all actors including theprivatesector.

• There is need to revise the land tenure systems because sub‐divisions into non‐economicunitsintheadventofclimatechangewillcreatemoreproblems.

• Lawsarepassedabout‘what’andnot‘how’.EMCA1999coversjustaboutallaspectsof theenvironmentwhich include interaliaprotectionof riversandwetland, forestsand protection of traditional interests, such as the Kayas etc as we preserve theecosystem.Thelawexistsandwhatisclearlylackingisthewilltoimplementsuchlaws.

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6. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND THE ATTAINMENT OF THE VISION 2030:CHALLENGESANDOPPORTUNITIES

6.1:NationaldevelopmentplanningandtheattainmentoftheVision2030:ChallengesandOpportunities,presentedbyProf.ChegeProf.ChegeoftheMinistryofPlanning,NationalDevelopmentandVision2030emphasizedthat addressing climate change will require national intervention and collaboration pluscollaborationatthenational level in implementingclimateagreements.Thegovernmentiscommittedtocollaborationlocally,regionallyandwith internationaldevelopmentpartnerstoaddresscriticalchallengeswhichmayimpairlivingconditionsofmanyKenyans.

6.2: Remarks on the paper: National Development Planning and the Attainment of theVision2030:ChallengesAndOpportunities

• Critical issues for consideration include; mainstreaming climate change issues intonationaldevelopmentplanningandtheadoptionofappropriatebasicplanningtools.Approaches needed are to create scenarios, project changes and possible effects,create strategy for normal scenario, best scenario and worst scenario and, finallyevolve strategy to handle whichever scenario that is adopted. All these strategiesshouldbeput inan integratedcontext. If thesearenot consideredyet in theVision2030, a re‐think is required, because all scenarios are required to be able tomakenear‐accuratepredictions.

• Adaptation that enables win‐win situation should be considered, where we are notsure of possible events and consequences. Fundamental questions such as ‘will treeplantingsolveallproblems’or‘isfocusonrenewableenergyabletosolveallproblems’needtobeconsidered.

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7.CLIMATECHANGENEGOTIATIONPROCESSESBEFOREANDBEYONDCOP15

7.1:Climate changenegotiationprocessesbeforeandbeyondcop15byMr.AlexAlusa,OfficeofthePrimeMinister

BackgroundtonegotiationprocessMany times Africa has no clear idea of what tonegotiate. In 1988 IPCC was established and in 1990IPCCC assessment reportwas launch to discuss humanaspect of climate change. The 1990 report suggestedthat man’s hands have impact on changing climate.Based on this report there was a tentativerecommendationfornegotiation.Inthesameyearhighlevel conferenceofHeadsofStateagreed tonegotiatethe subject. In May 1992 they agreed to definitenegotiation and convention was signed in 1992 in Rio de Janerio where UNFCCC wasestablished as a framework convention because therewas no specificity in it in terms ofcommitment. In1997theKyotoprotocolwasnegotiatedonhowmuchemissioncountriesmustcut.TheKyotoprotocolagreedon5.2%withfirstcommitmentfor7yearsending2012,necessitatingtheimportanceofCOP15.Areasofchallenges,assessmentofsuccessandfailureAnAdhocWorkingGroup(AWG)wasputinplacetodiscussnewcommitmentstoconsiderrealistic cooperative actions. Interestingly, United States of America the emitter of about25%oftheworldGHGswasnotpartofKyotoprotocol.TherealisticactionwaspartlygearedtowardsbringingtheUnitedStatesonboard.COP13thatmetinBaliActionPlanestablishedAdvisoryWorkingGrouptodeliberateonlongtermcooperativeaction,differentfromKyotoprotocol.BaliActionplantoCOP15The focus has been on mitigation, adaptation, capacity building and financing. A 2‐yearprocesswasputinplacetocovernegotiatingtaskstobecompletedinDecember,2009.Thenegotiating process is continuing, and are negotiating commitments and related issuesinclude; Reduction of Emission through Deforestation and Degradation (REDDs), Landdegradation,etc.On‐going discussions in Bangkok are around the key issues of what science can offer onenvironment,andwhatAfrica’spositionatthetableis.TheemergingviewofferedbyAnnex1countriesandsomeprogressiveAnnex1partiesisthatwemustreduceemissionby40%of1990emission levelby2020,andreduceemissionby85%of2020 levelby2085.Annex1PartiesalsowantbigemittersinthethirdworldsuchasChina,India,SouthAfrica,EgyptandMexicotocomeonboardtodiscussappropriatemitigationstrategy/actions.Aproblem inallof theseprocesses is that there isnoprecedence,protocolorexampletofollow.Thethirdworldcountriesalsoarguethatcomingon‐boardmayimpairtheirnationaldevelopmentobjectivesbutare ready tooperatenationallyagreedmitigationactivities.Acriticalquestionisthatifdevelopingcountriesbeginmitigationontheirown,willfinancebeavailable?Thereisevolvingconsensusonissuesofadaptation,capacitybuilding,technologytransfer;butthemainareaofcontroversyremainsfinancing. It is importantforKenyaand

26

other Africa countries to develop an architecture that facilitates access to finance, andremoves bottleneck to accessing budgeted funds. While Africans are fighting to accessfunding, the Chinese are actually launching into the market seeking market‐ basedopportunities in climate change.A country likeKenyaneeds about $20billionper year forappropriateNAMA.

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8.TOWARDSCOP15:KENYA’SNATIONALRESPONSESTRATEGYONCLIMATECHANGE‐THEROLEOFMPS

8.1Kenya’sNationalResponseStrategyonClimateChange‐TheRoleofMPsbyDr.AliceKaudia

Kenya’s NRSCC is currently preparing a strategy document forclimate change. The documentwill contribute to understandinghow ozone layer affects climate change. It is also touching ongovernance issues. Kenya is taking leadership role in the globaldiscussonenvironmentastheMinisterofMEMRisaco‐chairofaglobalcommitteeonclimateissue.

WhyistheResponseStrategynecessary?

• Toputinplacecoordinated,resultorientedstrategyforclimatechange• Toassessanddeterminenationalneeds• Enhanceunderstandingofimpactnationally• Toenhancegainsfromparticipatinginclimateagreement

ObjectivesoftheStrategyThe components of strategy include developing action plan, communication strategy, andresourcesmobilizationplan.Theministry is currentlyworkingwithStockholm Institute forEnvironmentandlookinguptoMinistryofFinanceandMinistryofPlanningtocomeupwithrealisticfigureforpreparationofstrategy.ElementsoftheProcessThe process included wide consultations with 9 provincial workshops and 1 nationalconsultation.Amoreengagingprocesstoget inputfromvariousclustersandcommunitieshasbeenarrangedtobecompletebytheendofOctober.Itisfoundthateffectsofclimatechange are diverse across clusters and communities. The consultative processwill lead tosustainability of the environment and development. The input from the Members ofParliament is important because they know their communities’ needs better and theircommunitiesrespectthem.Therefore,theyareinabetterpositiontocontributetospecificcontentsofthestrategydocument

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9.REPORTSFROMTHEBREAKOUTSESSIONS

9.1:Group1‐ClimateChangeandEnvironmentinKenya

Keyissuesidentified:• Thedelegationmusthaveaclearandwellthoughtoutagenda• TheMPscallforconcretecapacitybuildingforthedelegation• ComprehensiveneedsassessmentbedonebeforeCOP15• KenyashouldgotoCOP15withclearfiguresguidedbytheMinistryofFinance• Issues relating to gender must be comprehensively address in the climate change

negotiations,giventheirvulnerability9.2:Group2‐ClimateChangeandLandUseandNaturalResources

Keyissuesidentified:• Populationpressure• Landuseconflicts• Landdegradationandsoilerosion• Landuseplanning• Landtenuresystem• Lackoflandpolicyandlaw• LackofawarenessProposalsmade:• Reducebushburningandprovidealternativemeansoflivelihoodforthepeople• Populationpolicyisrequiredtosolvemigrationandproblemsassociatedwithpressure

onland• Harmonizetheactsgoverninglands/putinplaceactstogovernlanduse• Needforstiffpenaltyforviolatorsoflandlaws• Landadjudicationandmappingrequired• Putastoptolandsub‐division• Landuseplanningisimportant9.3:Group3‐ClimateChangeandAgriculture,LivestockandCooperatives

Keyissuesidentified:• Foodsecurityissues:availability,accessibilityandnutritioncontentoffood• Effectsonresourceuse:pressureonwater,landandeffectonmigration• Shiftinanimalandcropadaptation• Areassuitableforspecificcropsmaychange• Healthissuescanarise:pests,diseasesetc.WayForward:• Diversificationofenterpriseandmeanslivelihood• Supportforfarmerstowardsalternativelivelihoodoptions• Investment in research, technology “dissemination” improvement in extension

services,environmentconservation• Public‐privatecollaboration• Buildingresiliencethroughtrainingandcapacitybuildingforvulnerablegroups

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• Constructionofdams• IncreaseinbudgetaryallocationstoclimateissuesOpportunitiesidentified:• Alternativeenergysources:solar,biofuel,windandwater• CDMandcarbontrading• Whymust annex 1 countries turn the developing countries into bushes and forests

whiletheyemitmoreGHGs?9.4:Group4‐ClimateChangeandtheEconomy(finance,planningandtrade)

Keyissuesidentified:• Mobilizationofresourceslocallyandinternationally• Mainstreamandprioritizeclimatechangeinthebudgetaryprocess• Creation of climate change fundwith allocation of 1% of “ordinary” revenue to the

fund• BudgetaryallocationtostrengthenNEMA• BudgetarysupportforMinistryofEnvironment• Promoteconservation–useofCDF• Developmentofpolicyformitigationandadaptationtoclimatechange• Evolvelegislationtowardsnationalpolicyonclimatechange• REDDscouldbepressedasanavenueforgreaterrevenueforKenyainCOP15• Communitycapacitybuildinginareaswhereindigenousknowledgeexists• Alternativesourcesoflivelihoode.gcharcoalburningandsandharvesting• Awarenesscreation9.5:Group5‐ClimateChangeNationalSecurityandLaw

Keyissuesidentified:• Existing policy on environment does not properly flag the importance of climate

change; therefore there is need for a review to reflect the importance of climatechange

• Mainstreamclimatechangeintoallgovernment“structures”• Ensuresustainabilityofwaterresourcesinhazardregion• Waterharvestingmustbemademandatoryinallecologicalzones• HowcanKenyabenefitfromtheCDM?• PutconflictresolutionmechanisminplaceinresourcestressedareasOpportunitiesidentified:• Carbontrade,CDMprojects• Adoptionofenergyefficiencyandenergysavingmechanisms• Reduceemissionfromlanddegradation• AddresstheissueofcharcoalburningHowtodothingsdifferently:• PutinplaceCommissiononClimateChangeorMinistryorDept.ofClimateChange• Entrenchclimatechangeissueintheconstitution• Enforcementofclimatechangepolicy• Includeclimatechangeineducationcurriculum

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• Disseminationofclimatechangereportinsimplelanguagepeoplewillunderstand

10.CLOSINGCEREMONY

10.1:ClosingRemarksbySpeakerofNationalAssemblyHon.KennethMarende

TheSpeakeremphasizedthatclimatechangeisanissueinsharpcurrentglobalfocusanditisforthisreasonthathe feels privileged and honoured to participate in theclosing ceremony. He noted that the sensitizationworkshop coincided with the Parliamentary ServiceCommission which, he is chairs. The Hon SpeakerpraisedtheeffortsoftheHonMinisterforEnvironmentandMineralResourcesHonJohnMichukiinencouragingand supporting better environmental management inKenya. The Speaker noted that the workshop isexpectedtogenerateKenya’spositionfortheConferenceofPartiesCoP15scheduledfor7th‐18th December 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Secondly, the MPs will solicit members’contributioninthedevelopmentofaNationalClimateChangeResponseStrategy(NCCRS).

He remarked that the issue shouldbe treatedwith theutmost soberness that it deservesbecausetheenvironmentalproblemsfacinghumanityiscapableofchanginghumansocietyto the extent that human survival will be greatly threatened. He noted the manyconsequencesofclimatechangeobservedtodaytoincludethedryingupofriversresultingfromdeforestationinwatercatchments, lowproductivityanddiminishingpastures.Notingthat theearth is capableofproducingall thathumanityneeds,hedecried thecontinuousdestruction of this earth by man elaborating that issues of climate change have arisenespeciallywith industrialization. The Speakernoted that asKenyans,wehavenobusinesshesitatinginissuesofclimatechangeandenvironment.WemustdecidewhatwewanttodowiththepreservationandconservationofourwatertowersinMau,Tana,andtheremainingthree and then ‘act’ not ‘talk’ because we have talked for so long. As we speak, just todemonstratehowmuchtheworldhaschanged, inyear1800,thisworldhadonlyonecitywith more than one million people. By last year (2008) according to the United NationsPopulationFundStatistics,theworldhad300citieswithmorethanonemillionpeople.Thistellsushowmuchhumanbeingshaveeatenoftheearth’sresources.

TheHonSpeakernotedthattheworkshopwillleadtotheformulationofaNationalClimateChangeResponseStrategythatwill inturn leadtotheformulationoftheNationalClimateChangePolicyandLegislation.TheParliamentmustworkhandinhandwithUNEP,membersofthecivilsociety,andotherstakeholderstoensurethefollowing:

• Requisitepoliticalwill• Domesticationof international conventionsprotocols and treatieson climate change

throughadequateenvironmentalawarenessandeducationalprogrammesonclimatechange

• MainstreamingclimatechangeinParliamentarydebate• Resolutenessanddecisivenessintacklingissuesrelatingtoenvironmentaldegradation• Mainstreamingandsensitizationofthepublicontheuseofrenewableandalternative

energysources

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• ConcertedcampaignfordebtreliefininternationalforasuchasCPU,IPU,andtheUNgeneralassembly.

The Hon Speaker appreciated the contribution of International Development ResearchCentre,UNEP,theMinistryofEnvironmentandMineralResources,theAfricanTechnologyPolicy Studies Network for providing the necessary resources for the success of theworkshop. He appreciated the Government of Denmark for supporting the ongoingdevelopmentofNationalClimateChangeResponseStrategy.

The Hon Speaker further noted that Kenyans are lucky to host UNEP and UNDPHeadquarters; but as things stand today, we are under threat over continued hosting oftheseUNagencies.Finally,withduepermissionoftheHonMEMRtheSpeakerinformedtheaudience that Kenyan Parliament through the auspices of the Parliamentary Network forRenewable Energy on Climate Change and the Pan African Parliamentary Network forClimateChangewillholdaParliamentarysummitattheUNHeadquartersGigiri13and14October2009.

10.2:PresentationoftheDraftCommuniqué

After the closing ceremony, a draft communiqué was presented byProf. Krhoda. The Draft Communiqué was adopted for signing witheditorialamendmentstobemade(SeeAnnex3).

10.3:GuidedFieldExcursions

The participants proceeded for the guided fieldexcursions to see the effects of climate change in amangrove forest near Mombasa. The excursion sitewas Mwache Creek, located some 30km west ofMombasainKinangoDistrict.Thesitecontainsabout1500 ha of mangroves. Mangroves are forests thatgrow in the sea andare among themost fragile andproductiveecosystems intheworldafterthetropicalrainforestsandcoralreefs.

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They are depended on by millions of people in the tropics for wood products, shorelineprotection, and fisheries among other benefits. The forests also help in nutrient andsedimentation stripping and carbon sequestration. In Kenya,mangroves are estimated tocoversome54000ha,with70%of thesemangroves located inLamualone.About70%ofthe people along the Kenyan coast depend on mangroves for fuelwood and buildingmaterials.

Unfortunately,theseuniqueforestsarethreatenedbyunsustainableharvesting,pollution,conversiontootheruses,andlackofmanagementplan.Theconsequencesofmangrovedegradationarevariedrangingfromlackofwoodproducts;reducedfisheryproductivity;lossofmangroveassociatedbiodiversity;coastalerosion;andlossofhumanlivesandpropertyduringcatastrophicoceanicevents.Predictedeffectsofclimatechangeonmangrovesincludemoreextremedroughts,floodingandsedimentation,whichareexpectedtobecomemoreseverewithtimeunlessdeliberatemeasuresareimplementedtocutdownonGHGemissionsandadaptationmeasuresdeveloped.Forinstance,in1997/98and2006,massivesedimentationduetoerosionupstreamfollowingextremelyheavyrainfallcausedmangrovediebackinmanyareasalongtheKenyancoast.MwacheCreek,aperi‐urbanmangroveforestinMombasawasoneofthemostaffected.

StudiesconductedbytheKenyanMarineandFisheriesResearch Institute (KMFRI) indicatethatmangrove recovery is extremely slow inMwache. Loss ofmangroves inMwache has

negatively affected local and national economy as indicated byshortageoffirewoodandbuildingpoles,reductioninfisheriesandincreased erosion. In order to recover the lost mangroves andreturntheecosystemgoodsandservices,KMFRIinpartnershipwiththe localcommunities inMwache isalreadyworkingtodetermine‘smart’ species to be used in reforesting the degradedmangrovesite. A landscape approach which links upland land use practiceswithmangroveconservationdownstreamisrecommended.

The climax of the excursion was the planting of trees in themangrovesbyHonMPsandotherparticipantspresent(Figure).

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10.4:Conclusion

The overall aim of the workshop was to sensitise, appraise and engage selectedparliamentarycommitteesonclimatechangeissuesforKenya.Inrealizingtheseobjectives,the workshop participants fruitfully deliberated on critical issues that will enable keystakeholdersintheKenyaGovernmentachievearesponsestrategyonclimatechange.Thepresentations by the Ministers, the keynote speaker, the Resource Persons and theHonourable Speaker of the National Assembly fully addressed the implications of climatechange on Kenya stressing the economic, political, social and other environmentaldimensionsofthechange.Thesepresentationsdweltonthefollowingkeyareas:

• ClimatechangeandenvironmentinKenya• Climatechange,landuseandnaturalresources• Climatechange,agriculture,livestockandcooperatives• Climatechangeandtheeconomy• Climatechange,nationalsecurityandlaw

Mostimportantlytheworkshopculminatedintheproductionandpreliminaryadoptionofacommuniqué by the MPs (Annex 3). The communiqué clearly states the way forwardtowards the realization of a response strategy on climate change for Kenya. Finally, theparticipantsintheworkshopconcludedthateveryKenyanshouldbeinvolvedintheclimatechange business‐ the different tiers of government, non‐governmental organizations, thecivil society, private organizations, farmers, pastoralists, fishermen, foresters, etc so as tosavethefutureofoursociety.Thiswillinvolveamongotherthings,transparency,objectivityandresponsibilityfromallthestakeholders.

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Annex1:WorkshopProgramme

WORKSHOPPROGRAMMEFORTHEPARLIAMENTARYCOMMITTEESSENSITISATIONWORKSHOPONCLIMATECHANGE08

–09OCTOBER2009,MOMBASA,KENYA

DAY1–07OCTOBER2009

Time Topic/Presentations ProposedPresenters

06:00–09:00p.m.

WelcomeReceptionandDinner

HostedbyHon.JohnMichuki.M.P.MinisterforEnvironmentandMineralResources,(MEMR)

DAY2‐08OCTOBER2009CONFERENCEOPENINGSESSION:

Time Topic/Presentations ProposedPresenters SessionChair

8:30–9:00a.m. Registration

OPENINGSESSION

9:00–

9:10a.m.

Overviewofworkshop

objectivesandpurposeoftheworkshop

Dr.AliceKaudia(MEMR)

PS,MEMR

09:10–

09:40a.m.

WelcomeAddressbytheHon.

MinisterforEnvironmentandMineralResources

Hon.JohnMichuki,M.P.,Minister,MEMR

09:40–09:50a.m.

KeynoteAddressbyHonMinisterForestandWildlife

“TheRoleofForestsinClimateChange”

Hon.Dr.NoahWekesa,Minister,

09:50–10:20a.m.

KeynoteAddressbyUNEPExecutiveDirector

• (VideoClip“KenyaAtlason

OurChangingEnvironment)• Handingoverofthe“Kenya

AtlasonOurChangingEnvironment”toMPs

Dr.AchimSteiner,ExecutiveDirector,UNEP

Minister,MEMR

10:20–

10:30a.m.

KeynoteAddressbyIDRC‐CCAA Dr.EvansKituyi,(IDRCCCAA)

10.30‐11.00a.m. HEALTHBREAK

11:00–11:10a.m.

RemarksbyHon.ChrisOkemo,M.P.

Hon.ChrisOkemo,M.P.,Chair:Finance,Planning&TradeCommittee

11:10–11:20a.m.

RemarksbyHon.JohnMututho, Hon.JohnMututho,M.P.,Chair:Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives

11:20–11:30a.m.

Remarksby,Hon.MutavaMusyimi,M.P.

Hon.MutavaMusyimi,M.P.,Chair:LandsandNaturalResourcesCommittee

11:30–11:40a.m.

ClimateChangeinKenya:Whatarethepriorities?Akeynote

paperbyDirector,ICPAC

Prof.LabanOgallo,Director,ICPAC Prof.GeorgeKrhoda

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WORKSHOPPROGRAMMEFORTHEPARLIAMENTARYCOMMITTEESSENSITISATIONWORKSHOPONCLIMATECHANGE08

–09OCTOBER2009,MOMBASA,KENYA

1:40–

1:00p.m.

FacilitatedPlenarySessions

Leaddiscussants

• ClimatechangeandenvironmentinKenya.Dr.MuusyaMwinzi–DGNEMA

ClimatechangeandLanduseandnaturalresources‐Dr.JasphatAgatsiva,Director‐DRSRS

• Climatechangeandagriculture,livestockandcooperatives–Dr.WilsonSonga,AgricultureSecretary

• Climatechangeandtheeconomy(finance,planningandtrade),Mr.Wahome,DeputyChiefEconomist/Ms.EstherKoimet,Investment

Secretary

• Climatechange,administration,nationalsecurityandlaw.–Dr.JaneDwasi

1:00‐2:30p.m. LUNCHBREAK

2:30–3:00p.m.

ClimateChange,NationaldevelopmentplanningandtheattainmentoftheVision2030:ChallengesandOpportunities.AkeynotespeechbyHon.

WycliffeOparanya,MinisterforPlanning,NationalDevelopmentandVision2030

LeadDiscussant:ScreeningVision2030forClimateRisks,anintroduction:Prof.LabanOgallo.

3.00–3.15pm ClimateChangenegotiationprocessesbeforeandbeyondCoP15,Mr.Alex

Alusa,OfficeofPrimeMinister

Hon.ChrisOkemo,M.P.,Chair,Finance,

PlanningandTrade

3:15–4:15p.m. FACILITATEDBREAK‐OUTSESSIONS

• ClimatechangeandenvironmentinKenya

• ClimatechangeandLanduseandnaturalresources• Climatechangeandagriculture,livestockandcooperatives

• Climatechangeandtheeconomy(finance,planningandtrade)• Climatechange,nationalsecurityandlaw

4.15–4.30pm FACILITATEDPLENARYWRAP‐UPSESSION

DAY3‐09OCTOBER2009

Time Topic/Presentations ProposedPresenters SessionChair/

9:00–9:10a.m. RECAP Prof.GeorgeKrhoda

9:10–9:40a.m.

KeynoteAddress:Challenges&Opportunitiesinclimatechangeand

Financialmechanismsforadaptation

andmitigation,KeynotespeechbytheHon.MinisterforFinance.

Hon.UhuruKenyatta,M.P.,DeputyPrimeMinisterand

MinisterforFinance

9:40–10:00a.m. PLENARYDISCUSSION

10.00‐10.10a.m. TowardsCOP15:Kenya’sNational

ResponseStrategyonClimateChange:

TheRoleofMPs

Dr.AliceKaudia

10.10‐10.30a.m. SummaryandRecommendations:

communiqué

Dr.KevinUrama,Executive

Director,ATPS

Hon.Kenneth

Marende,SpeakerofNationalAssembly

10.30–10.50a.m. PostCOP15.WayforwardforKenya Hon.JohnMichuki,M.P.,Minister

MEMR

10.50‐11.00a.m.

Closingremarks Hon.KennethMarende,SpeakerofNationalAssembly

11.00‐11.30a.m. HEALTHBREAK

11.30‐17:00p.m. FIELDEXCURSION KMD,NEMA

Hon.Kenneth

Marende,Speakerof

NationalAssembly

36

WORKSHOPPROGRAMMEFORTHEPARLIAMENTARYCOMMITTEESSENSITISATIONWORKSHOPONCLIMATECHANGE08

–09OCTOBER2009,MOMBASA,KENYA

CLOSINGDINNER

Annex2:ListofParticipants

Name DepartmentalCommittee Agricuture,LivestockandCooperatives

1 HonJohnMututho Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives2 Hon.LucasChepkitony Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives3 Hon.PerisChepchumba Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives4 Hon.FredOuta Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives5 HonJohnDPesa Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives6 HonEvansAkula Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives7 HonRobertMonda Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives8 HonBensonItwikuMbai Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives9 HonErastusMureithi Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives

10 HonVictorKiokoMunyaka Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives11 HonKambiKazungu Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives

12 HonThomasMwadeghuLocalAuthorities&FundsaccountsCommittee

13 HonEliasMbau BudgetCommittee14 Hon.AminaAbdalla Delegetedlegislation15 Hon.JamlekKamau CommitteeonImplementation16 HonEngNicholasGumbo Broadcasting17 Hon.FarahMaalim DeputySpeaker/(Library)18 Hon.ShakillaAbdalla Catering19 Hon.RachelShebesh PanAfricanClimateChangeProcess20 Hon.ProfMargaretKamar PanAfricanClimateChangeProcess

KenyaMeteorologicalDepartment

21 DrJosephMukabana DIRECTOR,KMD

MinistryofEnvironmentandMineralResources(MENR)

22 AgnesYobterik MENR23 MrBenMugambi MENR24 JuliusMwabu MENR

DRSRS

25 DrJosephatAgatsiva DRSRS MinistryofFinance

26 MsEstherKariuki Treasury27 MrErastusWahome Treasury28 MrJosephKinyua Treasury

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MinistryofPlanningandNationalDevelopmentandVision2030

29 DrEdwardSambili PermanentSecretary ResourcePersons

30 MrAlexAlusa PrimeMinistersOffice31 Hon.ChrisOkemo Finance,PlanningandTrade32 Hon.(Prof.)PhilipKaloki Finance,PlanningandTrade33 Hon.LankasoleNkoidila Finance,PlanningandTrade34 Hon.JakoyoMidiwo Finance,PlanningandTrade35 Hon.AhmedShakeelShabbir Finance,PlanningandTrade36 Hon.SammyMwaita Finance,PlanningandTrade37 Hon.NelsonGaichuhie Finance,PlanningandTrade38 Hon.LennyKivuti Finance,PlanningandTrade39 Hon.NtoithaM'Mithiaru Finance,PlanningandTrade40 Hon.MutavaMusyimi LandsandNaturalResources41 Hon.BenedictFondoGunda LandsandNaturalResources42 Hon.MartinO.Ogindo LandsandNaturalResources43 Hon.BenjaminJomoWashiali LandsandNaturalResources44 Hon.PeterGitau LandsandNaturalResources45 Hon.SilasMuriukiRuteere LandsandNaturalResources46 Hon.KiemaKilonzo LandsandNaturalResources47 Hon.MohammedAffey LandsandNaturalResources48 Hon.OmariZonga LandsandNaturalResources49 Hon.KennethMarende HouseBusiness50 Hon.FredKapondi AdministrationandNationalSecurity51 Hon.AdanKeynan DefenceandForeignRelations52 Hon.DavidK.Koech Education,ResearchandTechnology53 Hon.MohammedAbdikadir JusticeandLegalAffairs54 Hon.DavidWere Transport,PublicWorksandHousing55 Hon.YusufChanzu PublicInvestments56 Hon.JohnMichuki MinisterforEnvironment57 Prof.MichaelChege MiisterforPlanningandVision203058 Hon.RamadhanKajembe AssistantMinisterforEnvironment59 Hon.JacksonKiptanui AssistantMinisterforEnvironment

ParliamentaryCommitteeClerks

60 Mr.KiteruTiampati LandsandNaturalResources61 Ms.FlorenceAbonyo Finance,PlanningandTrade62 Ms.SarahKioko Agriculture,LivestockandCooperatives

MinistryofEnvironment&MineralResources

63 Dr..AliceKaudia EnvironmentSecretary

64 Mr.GideonGathaaraDirector,PolicyFormulation,InterpretationandImplementatiom

65 Mr.LawrenceLenayapa PermanentSecretary66 Ms.BahatiKeranga SeniorAssistantSecretary

MinistryofHealth

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67 Dr.IbrahimAmira MinistryofPublicHealthandSanitation ProvincialCommissioners

68 Mr.NjorogeNdirangu PC,Nairobi69 Mr.JaphterRugut PC,Central70 Mr.OsmanWarfa PC,RiftValley71 Mr.JamesOleSeriani PC,NorthEastern72 Mr.S.M.Kilele PC,Western73 MadamClaireOmolo PC,Eastern74 Mr.FrancisM.Mutie PC,Nyanza75 Mr.ErnestMunyi PC,Coast

ProvincialDirectorsofEnvironment

76 Mr.IsaiahN.Kyengo PD,CoastProvince77 Mr.EdwardJumaMasaha PD,RiftValleyProvince78 Mr.CharlesBore PD,CentralProvince79 Mr.BarazaWangwe PD,WesternProvince80 Mr.KodiaBisia PD,NyanzaProvince81 Mr.MohamedAliHashir PD,NorthEasternProvince82 Ms.OceanicSakwa PD,NairobiProvince83 Mr.ErnestMainaMwangi PD,EasternProvince

EMCAInstitutions

84 Ms.PaulineMatuMureithi PublicComplaintsCommittee85 Ms.CatherineNdegwa ChiefExecutiveOfficer,NETFUND86 Mr.DonaldKaniaru NET

PrincipalModerator

87 Prof.GeorgeKrhodaResearchonEnvironmentandDevelopmentConsultants

Facilitators

88 Dr.KevinUrama ExecutiveDirector,ATPS

89 Dr.SheilaOchugbojuSeniorCommunicationsandOutreachOfficer,ATPS

90 Prof.FrancisMutuaSeniorLecturer,UniversityofNairobiandChair,HydrologyandWaterResources

91 Dr.DanielOlago UniversityofNairobi92 Dr.WilsonSonga AgricultureSecretary,MinistryofAgriculture93 tobeprovidedbyATPS

AfricanTechnologyPolicyStudies(ATPS)Staff

94 Dr.NicholasOzor PostDoc.ResearchOfficer95 Dr.OlumuyiwaAlaba Snr.ResearchOfficer96 Mr.MarsdenMomanyi CommunicationsOfficer97 Ms.WairimuMwangi ResearchOfficer98 Ms.CarolThuku ProgrammesAdmin.Assistant

Rapporteurs

99 Mr.ChrisAmbala UNEP

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100 Ms.MusondaMumba UNEP101 Ms.EddahKaguthi UNEP102 Mr.DavidN.Mburu MinistryofEnvironment103 Ms.JoyceIsiaho MinistryofEnvironment

UNEP 104 AchimSteiner ExecutiveDirector105 HenryNdede Coordinator,KenyaCountryProgramme106 JulieMurema AdministrativeAssistant107 LydiaKiarie BFMS

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ANNEX3:COMMUNIQUEoftheParliamentaryCommitteesSensitizationWorkshoponClimateChange

MombasaContinentalHotel,08‐09October2009

1. We,MembersoftheKenyanNationalAssembly,andtheParliamentaryCommittees,metinMombasa,Kenya,underthetheme“ParliamentaryCommitteesSensitizationWorkshopon

ClimateChange:MombasaContinentalHotel,08‐09October2009”.

2. WethanktheMinistryofEnvironmentandMineralResources(MEMR),whichinconjunctionwiththeIGADClimatePredictionandApplicationsCentre(ICPAC),theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),andtheAfricanTechnologyPolicyStudiesNetwork(ATPS)

hostedthissensitizationworkshopfortheMembersofParliamentinKenya.

3. WethanktheMinisterforEnvironmentandMineralResources,Hon.JohnMichuki,MP.forhisopeningaddressinwhichheemphasizedhiscommitmenttocollaborativepartnershipsacrossallsectorsofsocietyinordertodevelopeffectivestrategiestowardsclimatechange

totackleKenya’svulnerabilityespeciallywithregardtosocialandeconomicdevelopmentofclimatevulnerablesectorsinKenya.

4. WealsothanktheMinisterforForestryandWildlife,Hon.Dr.NoahWekesa,MP.,forhiskeynoteaddresson“TheRoleofForestsinClimateChange”,whereheoutlinedtheneedfor

diligentenforcementoftheregulatoryframeworkandhiscommitmenttocollaborationtoenablegoodstewardshipofforestresourceswhicharecentraltoaddressingclimatechange.

5. WeappreciatethekeynoteaddressbytheMinisterforPlanning,NationalDevelopmentandVision2030,Hon.WycliffeOparanya,on“ClimateChange,NationalDevelopmentPlanning

andtheAttainmentoftheVision2030:ChallengesandOpportunities”whichemphasizedtheneedformainstreamingclimatechangeissuesinVision2030.

6. WeapplaudtheprogressalreadymadeinKenyabytheUnitedNationsEnvironment

Programme(UNEP)insensitizingtheKenyanpeopleaboutclimatechangethroughthe“KenyaAtlasofOurChangingEnvironment”formallyhandedovertousbyMr.AchimSteiner,ExecutiveDirector,UNEPduringhisKeynoteAddress.

7. WeareconcernedthatKenya,likemanyAfricancountries,whilecontributingverylittleto

greenhousegasemissions,willsufferthemostfromclimatechangeimpacts.ThevulnerabilityofAfricancountriesisfurtherexacerbatedbylackofcapacity(financial,technical,institutional,andotherwise)toadapt.

8. WealsoapplaudtheworkalreadybeingdonebyIDRCandDFIDonclimatechangeinKenya

undertheClimateChangeAdaptationforAfrica(CCAA)programmeasnotedbyDr.EvansKituyi’sremarks.

9. WerecognizethatclimatechangepresentshugechallengesandopportunitiesfordevelopmentplanninginKenyaandhencewerecognizetheneedforourproactiveand

activeengagementinresponding.

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10. Wenotethatweneedtorethinkourexistingpoliciesandrelatedlegislationtoseewhere

thereisneedforclimateproofingdevelopmentinKenya,especiallyinKenya’sVision2030.

11. WeareencouragedbyinitiativestocreateacommonplatformforAfricanCountriesonclimatechangesuchastheAfricanUnion,theBaliConferenceandmorerecentlytheBangkokMeeting,whichmayinformtheprocessofpreparationoftheclimatechangepolicy

forKenya.

12. FromthismeetingandinviewoftheCopenhagenMeetinginDecember2009(COP15),wemembersofParliamentagreetoestablishpartnershipswhichwillenableustoensurethatimpactsofclimatechangeareholisticallytakenintoaccount.

13. Weacknowledgetheinvaluableinformationprovidedbytechnicalexpertsduringthe

meetinginthefollowingareas:

13.1ClimatechangeandenvironmentinKenya.

13.2Climatechange,landuseandnaturalresources.

13.3Climatechange,agriculture,livestockandcooperatives.

13.4Climatechangeandtheeconomy.

13.5Climatechange,nationalsecurityandlaw.

14. Basedontheabovedeliberations,we:

14.1RecognizethatopportunitiesandchallengesexistforKenyainclimatechange(adaptation,mitigation,financing,technologytransferandcapacitybuilding).

14.2ExpectKenyatostronglyadvocateforfavourabletradeagreementsandotherfinancialinstrumentsduringtheCOP15negotiations.

15. WeasMembersofParliament,resolveto:

15.1SupporttheMinisterforEnvironmentandMineralResourcesinmakingsurethat

climatechangeissuesarefullyincorporatedinallsectorplansandbudgets.

15.2Reviewcurrentpoliciesinordertoputinplacestructuresandprocessesthatcommitandengagethecountryinclimatechangeinallaspects.

15.3SupportthepreparationandprocessforthedevelopmentofaClimateChangePolicyforKenya.

15.4Sensitizeconstituentsonclimatechangeissuesinpartnershipwithdistrictand

provincialenvironmentcommittees.

15.5IdentifyandsuperviseeffectiveallocationanduseoflocalresourcesincludingCDF,LATFandinternationalresourcesincludingCDMandinvestmentopportunitiesfor

climatechangeprogramsandprojects.

16. Toaddresstheclimatechangechallengesandexploitfinancingopportunities,wecommittosupporttheKenyanGovernmentto:

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16.1Strengthenplanningandbudgetingframeworkstakingintoaccountclimatechange

needs,andintegrationintonationalandsectoraldevelopmentstrategies;

16.2Mobilizedomesticresourcesthroughnewfinancinginstruments,appropriatepricingandpaymentmechanisms,andthecreationofopportunitiesforinvestmentbytheprivatesector;

16.3Implementanacceleratedprogramofcapacitybuildingthatwilladdressknowledge

gapsonclimatechangeissues;

16.4StrengthentheNationalClimateChangeAdaptationCommitteecoordinationfunctionsforclimatechange;

16.5StrengthenKenya’spresenceintheregionalandglobalclimatechangedialogue,particularlythroughregionalcollaborationandjointlyimplementedprogramssuchas

earlywarningsystemsorclimateinformationsharing.

17. Finally,weasmembersofParliamentthanktheSpeakeroftheNationalAssemblyHon.KennethMarendeforfacilitatingourParticipationinthisimportantmeetingandhiscommitmenttodevelopingaClimateChangePolicyforKenya.WenotetheguidancebyMr.

SpeakerregardingtheformulationofaNationalClimateChangeResponseStrategyandtheNationalClimateChangePolicyandLegislation.

Wealsonotehisdirectiveandguidanceontheneedfor:

17.1Requisitepoliticalwilltoaddressclimatechange;

17.2Domesticationofinternationalconventions,protocolsandtreatiesonclimatechangethroughadequateenvironmentalawarenessandeducationalprogrammeson

climatechange;

17.3MainstreamingclimatechangeinParliamentarydebate;

17.4Resolutenessanddecisivenessintacklingissuesrelatingtoenvironmentaldegradation;

17.5Sensitizationofthepublicontheuseofrenewableandalternativeenergysources;and

17.6Concertedcampaignfordebtreliefininternationalfora.

Signedby:

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For More Information Contact:

ATPS SecretariatThe Chancery, 3rd Floor, Valley RoadP.O.Box 10081-00100Nairobi, KenyaTel: +254-20-271 4092/271 4498/272 7925Fax: +254-20-271 4028Website: www.atpsnet.org