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C

Calorimeter test, semi-adiabatic 72

Canadian Portland Cement Association 13

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

mold materials 321

Standard A23.5 4

Capping compounds 21

Capping systems, unbonded 21

Carbonate resistance 361

Carbonation, effect on shrinkage 67

CEB-FIP Model Code (Comit European du Beton

Federation Internationale de la Precontrainte) 175 181

Cement

chemical composition 4

effect of type on shrinkage 67

Portland 3 349

fineness 3

high silica modulus 4

See alsoSupplementary cementitious materials

Cement paste interfaces

aggregate 131

hydrated 130

pozzolanic materials 130

CESAR-LCPC finite-element model 107

Chemical resistance 149

Chloride penetration 144

Chloride permeability 370

Chloride-binding 144

CMOD (crack-mouth opening displacement) 185

Cohesive crack models 176

Column ties 217
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Columns

axially-loaded 214

deformability. See underDeformability, columns

eccentrically-loaded 230

slenderness effects 231

Compression, cyclic 121

Compressive strain 221

Compressive strength 40

development of 35

high strength lightweight concrete 342 352

as measure of quality 28

Compressive stress distribution 219

columns 230

Concrete composition, effect on fracture 192

Concrete confinement, effect of 281

Concrete contribution, shear resistance 224 229

Condensed silica fume (CSF) 5 32 36 47

chemical resistance 150

drying creep 93 95

effect on corrosion resistance 143 144

effect on durability 140

effect on finishes 319

flexural strength 49

Confinement pressure 281

Confinement reinforcement. SeeReinforcement, confinement

Construction procedures 364

consolidation 319

crack reduction 319 320

finishing 319

puddling 318

Contact zone, lightweight concrete 344

Core strengths 321
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Deformability

beam-column joints 290

columns 274

applied loading 279

concrete confinement 281

effect of concrete type 286

lightweight concrete beams

under monotonic loading 263

under reversed cyclic loading 269

normal weight concrete beams

under monotonic loading 239

under reversed cyclic loading 260

Deformation 50 108

creep 315

instantaneous 315

long-term 315

Densified Systems of homogeneously arranged ultra-fine

Particles (DSP) 376 378

Density reduction, methods of 341

Desiccation/drying process 70 71 86

Development length. SeeAnchorage, limits on length

Diaphragm walls, Japan 383

Displacement ductility ratio 273 274

Drying shrinkage 87

Ductility 189 363

beam 249 258

displacement 87

increasing 196

indices 239 270

Durability 139

high strength lightweight concrete 357

Dynamic elastic modulus 54
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E

Early strength development 7

East Huntington Bridge 336

Effective crack models 181

Elastic matching 347

Elastic mismatching 348

Elastic modulus 50 316 346 353

Electrical resistivity, effect on corrosion resistance 145

End conditions, effect of 20 43Energy dissipation capacity 302

Exchange reaction corrosion 149

F

f-Ncurve. See S-Nrelationships

Fatigue damage 115 118Fatigue life 116 119 128

Fatigue loading 115

failure 120

Fatigue strength 118 121 124 219

Federal Post Office and Office Building, New York City 367

Federation Internationale de la Precontrainte (FTP),ManualofLightweight Aggregate Concrete 347

Fibers, use of 196 197

Pick's process 72

Fictitious crack model (FCM) 176

Field control. SeeConstruction procedures

FIP/CEB State-of-the-Art Report 1

Fire resistance 150

Flexural fatigue 124

Flexural strength 48 228

Flexural tension 59
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H

Hardening kinetics 75

Heat development, setting 72

Heat of hydration 70 71 72

effect of 318

High performance concrete

applications 337

definition 1

Japanese definitions 375

three-phase modelling 2

High-range water reducers (HRWR) 8 16 87 319

High-rise buildings 306 317 322

comparative heights 306

Interfirst Plaza, Dallas 329

Japan 386 388

Lake Point Tower, Chicago 323

Miglin-Beitler Building, Chicago 332

South East Asia 393

311 South Wacker Drive, Chicago 330

Texas Commerce Tower, Houston 328

Two Prudential Plaza, Chicago 329

Two Union Square, Seattle 332

Use of HSLC 368

Water Tower Place, Chicago 326

225 West Wacker Drive, Chicago 331

HSLC (high strength lightweight concrete) 341

applications 366

laboratory testing programs 351

materials for 349

physical properties 352

HSNWC (high strength normal weight concrete) 341

HTS (Haute Teneur en Silica) cement 5
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Hume pipes 391

Humidity, effect on fracture 194

Hydration process 71

Hysteresis loops 299 302

I

Ice abrasion 155

In-place strengths 321

Interfacial fracture 195Interferometry, use in stress-strain studies 58 180

Interfirst Plaza, Dallas 329

J

Japan, applications in 375 379

Japan Society of Civil Engineering (JSCE) 375Joigny Bridge 107 336

L

Laboratory control 365

Laboratory testing programs 351

Lake Point Tower, Chicago 323Lateral steel, effect of 215

LC (lightweight concrete) 341

Le Chatelier's contraction 70

Leaching corrosion 149

LEFM (Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics) 162

Lightweight aggregate, pore system 343

Lignosulfonate-based superplasticizers 8

Loading history

effect on fracture 194

effect of 281
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Loading platens, effect of 23

Loading rate

effect on fracture 193

effect of 127 281

Loading waveforms, effect of 128

LWA (lightweight aggregate) 341

M

Marine structures. SeeOffshore structures

Materials engineering, use of fracture mechanics 196

Materials selection 2

Melamine sulfonate superplasticizers 8

Melment (superplasticizer) 8

Member size, effect on shrinkage 66

Microcracking 140 166 360Microstructure 80 196

Miglin-Beitler Building, Chicago 332

Mix design/proportions 13

Mixed-mode fracture 194

Modulus of elasticity 50 316 346


Modulus of rupture. SeeFlexural strength

Moisture condition, effect on fatigue 128

Molds, specimen 19 41 321

N

900 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago 323

Naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizers 9

North Pier Tower, Chicago 368

Notch sensitivity 169

Nuclear containment structure, Civaux 102
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NWA (normal weight aggregate) 341

NWC (normal weight concrete) 341

O

Offshore structures 337

oil drilling rigs 383

use of high strength lightweight concrete 369

Oxygen availability, effect on corrosion resistance 147

P

Palmgren-Miner (P-M) hypothesis 117

Parking decks, rehabilitation 370

Particulate composite, elastic compatability 345

Pavement life 153 155

Permeability 139 149 359


PHSC (Pretensioned High Strength Concrete) 388

Piles, Japan 388 390

Plastic settlement cracks 320

Plastic shrinkage cracks 319

Poisson's ratio 59high strength lightweight concrete 354

Polymer impregnated concrete (PIC) 376

Portland cement. SeeCement, Portland

Precast structures, HSLC 366

Prestressed concrete beams/girders 229 334

Prestressed structures, high strength lightweight concrete 366

Proportioning rules 363

Puddling 318

Pullout failure (reinforcing bar) 132

Pumping, concrete 364
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Q

Quality control procedures 17 320

R

R-curve models (fracture resistance) 181 190

Rehabilitation procedures 370

Reinforcement

column ties 217

column transverse 285

confinement 281

volumetric ratio 281

high-strength 283

spiral 217 286

steel-concrete bond 131

web 225 227

Research programs 351

Rest periods, effect of 127

Retarders 11

Reversed loading, effect of 126

Revibration 320

Richmond-Adelaide Centre, Toronto 323

RILEM draft recommendation 185 187

S

S-Nrelationships (stress/fatigue) 118

Salt scaling 148

Sedimentation 70

Seismic region construction 309

Self-desiccation shrinkage 70 71 75 80

Serviceability monitoring 107

Setting process 70
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Shear failure, use of fracture mechanics 198

Shear strength design 314

Shear stress, effect of 280

Shrinkage 66 354

autogenous. SeeSelf-desiccation shrinkage

drying 71 87


Silica fume. SeeCondensed silica fume (CSF)

Singular closing pressure models 178

Size effect method 186

Slabs, structural 229

South East Asia, applications in 376 393

311 South Wacker Drive, Chicago 330

Specimens

end conditions 20 43molds for 19 41 321

size 20

Spiral reinforcement 217 286

Splitting tensile strength 46

Static elastic modulus 50

Steel. SeeReinforcementSteel ratio, balanced 221

Stirrups, use of 224

Strain capacity 55

Strain ductility ratio 274

Strain gauges, use in stress-strain studies 59

Strategic Highway Research Program SHRP-C-205 1 27

Strength. SeeCompressive strength

Strength ceiling, high strength lightweight concrete 342

Strength development, Japanese methods 376

Strength/density (S/D) ratio. SeeStructural efficiency
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Index terms Links

Testing procedures 320

Texas Commerce Tower, Houston 328

Thermal cracking 74

reduction of 102

Thermal gradients, control of 318

Thermal properties 97


Toughening, SeeCrack-shielding

Transition zone, microstructure 140Two parameter fraction model (TPFM) 184

Two Prudential Plaza, Chicago 329

Two Union Square, Seattle 332

V

Vertical load transmission 317

W

Water Tower Place, Chicago 326

Water/binder (w/b) ratio. SeeWater/cementitious (w/c) ratio

Water/cementious (w/c) ratio 13 32

effect on shrinkage 66Web reinforcement 225 227

Web-shear cracking 228

225 West Wacker Drive, Chicago 331

Wnuk model 176

Wohler's curve. SeeS-Nrelationships

Work-of-fracture 174
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