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8/10/2019 8E Atoms and Elements.ppt
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KS3 Chemistry
8EAtoms andElements
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8E Atoms and Elements
Elements in the periodic table
Summary activities
Chemical reactions
What are atoms and elements?
Symbols for elements
Contents
Making compounds
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How many different substances are there?
There are millionsof different substances!
What are they all made of?
How many
different substancescan you think of?
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All substances are made of atoms
All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.
hydrogenandoxygenatoms
carbonandhydrogenatoms
carbon, nitrogen,hydrogen, oxygenand sulphuratoms
iron, aluminium,silicon, oxygen
and boronatoms
Many substances are made up of different typesof atoms.
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What is an element?
All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.
The elements are the simplest substances in the universe.
The elements are the building blocks of all other substances.
copper
carbon
There are about one hundred substances that are made up
of justone type of atom. These are the elements.
helium
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An element is a substance made up of only one typeof atom.
Atoms in elements
Copperis anelement made up ofcopper atomsonly.
Carbonis anelement made up ofcarbon atomsonly.
Heliumis anelement made up ofhelium atomsonly.
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Atoms and molecules of elements
In some elements, the atoms are joined in groups of two ormore. A particle containing atoms grouped in this way is
called a molecule.
An element is a substance made up of only one typeof atom.
Other elements, that contain atoms joined in molecules are
hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine.
Oxygenis an
element made up ofoxygen atomsonly.
How many atoms
are there in an
oxygen molecule?
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8E Atoms and Elements
Elements in the periodic table
Summary activities
Chemical reactions
What are atoms and elements?
Symbols for elements
Contents
Making compounds
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The symbol for many of the more common elements usesjust the first letter of the name.
Introducing chemical symbols
A standard set ofsymbolsisusedtorepresentelements:
hydrogenH =carbonC =
fluorineF =
oxygenO =nitrogenN =
Others elements have
the first two letters.
lithiumLi =aluminiumAl =heliumHe =
Some of the symbols are not
always as you might expect.
leadPb =goldAu =silverAg =
iodineI =
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Symbols as an international language
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How to write symbols for elements
Two important rules should be followed when writing the
symbols of elements so that there is no confusion.
1. The first letter of an elements symbol is always
a capital letter.
2. If there are two letters in the elements symbol,
the second letter is always a small letter.
e.g.N(notn)fornitrogen
e.g.Co(notCO)forcobalt
No, Watson! It wascarbon monoxide
poisoningnot cobalt.
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Chemical symbols game
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The Story of The Kid
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1. Board game: carbon,helium, two sulphurs
2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen
3. Fuel:carbon, oxygen, aluminium
4. Group of fish:sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen,
aluminium
5. For the rubbish:boron, iodine, nitrogen
CHeSS
SON
COAl
SHOAl
BIN
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and
use these to spell out a word that matches the clue.
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In some elements, the atoms are joined together and
form molecules. Combining the symbols of the atoms
in a molecule gives you the formula of the molecule.
What is the formula for the molecules in each element?
Symbols for molecules of elements
nitrogen
oxygen
N2
O2 There aregroups of
two atoms
in eachmolecule.
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8E Atoms and Elements
Elements in the periodic table
Summary activities
Chemical reactions
What are atoms and elements?
Symbols for elements
Contents
Making compounds
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Arranging elements
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antimony (Sb)
Is this elementa or a ?
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Be
Sc Ti
Mg
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh
Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt
Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?
Al P
N O
S Cl
F Ne
Ar
Rn
I
Si
Xe
He
B C
AsFeFe
Mg SPMg SP
CuCu
metal non-metal
IISb
Hard tosay!
Sb
Metal or non-metal?
iodine (I)iron (Fe)copper (Cu)phosphorus (P)sulfur (S)magnesium (Mg)
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Metals and non-metals in the periodic table
The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which
are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.
Non-metals aremostly on the right.
Metals are on theleft and in the centre.
What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?
Xe
f
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Types of elements in the periodic table
M t l t l t ll id?
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Metal, non-metal or metalloid?
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Be
Sc Ti
Mg
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh
Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt
Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?
Al P
N O
S Cl
F Ne
Ar
Rn
I
Si
Xe
He
B C
As
silicon (Si) metalloidfrancium (Fr) metalscandium (Sc) metalkrypton (Kr) non-metalcobalt (Co) metal
What are
metalloids?
Which sideare the non-
metals on?
Which sideare the
metals on?
Metalloids sometimesbehave like metals and
sometimes like non-metals.
Metals are onthe left and in
the centre.
Non-metalsare mostly
on the right.
C t t
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8E Atoms and Elements
Elements in the periodic table
Summary activities
Chemical reactions
What are atoms and elements?
Symbols for elements
Contents
Making compounds
C bi i l t
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Combining elements
How is possible to have so many different materials from
a limited number of elements?
C bi i l t
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Combining elements
How do you get so many
different cheeses?
What is the key ingredient
in all cheeses?
Milk is combined with a
small number of ingredientsunder different conditions to
make a huge number of
different cheeses.
In a similar way, a small number of elements can be
combined in many different ways to make a huge
number of different compounds.
Wh t i d?
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What is a compound?
A compoundis the substance produced when two or more
elements combine in a chemical reaction.
A compound is always made up of two or more
different types of atom.
Two elements, hydrogen (H)
and oxygen (O),combine to
make the compound, water.
Which two elements combine
to make the compound
carbon dioxide?
M ki d b di id
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Making a compoundcarbon dioxide
A compound has very different properties to the elements
from which it is made.
carbon dioxide
A colourless gaswhich is used
to put out fires.
to make
carbon
A black solidwhich can be
used as a fuel.
combines
with
compoundelementsoxygen
A colourless gaswhich is essential
for life.
M ki d t
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Making a compoundwater
What are the elements which make up water?
In what ways are the elements different to their compound?
to makecombines
with
compoundelements
water
A liquid which isessential to our
lives and has many
different uses.
hydrogen
A colourless gaswhich is used in
hot air balloons.
A colourless gaswhich is essential
for life.
oxygen
Element or compo nd?
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Element or compound?
Element or compound?
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Element or compound?
Contents
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8E Atoms and Elements
Elements in the periodic table
Summary activities
Chemical reactions
What are atoms and elements?
Symbols for elements
Contents
Making compounds
Chemical reaction to make water
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Chemical reaction to make water
Elements combine with each other to make new substances
called compounds.
In a chemical reaction new substances are formed.
hydrogen
Thesubstanceswhichcombinein areactionarethereactants.
The new substances produced in a reaction are the products.
Compounds can also combine with elements or other
The products have different properties to the reactants fromwhich they are formed.
water
compounds to make new compounds.
+
oxygen
Atoms joining in a chemical reaction
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When the two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, combine in a
chemical reaction,
Atoms joining in a chemical reaction
In a chemical reaction, the atoms in the reactants
become joined in different ways and this is how
new substances are formed.
hydrogen oxygen water+
+H H
H HO O
the hydrogen and oxygen atoms do not
just mix together they become joined to one another.
Contents
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8E Atoms and Elements
Elements in the periodic table
Summary activities
Chemical reactions
What are atoms and elements?
Symbols for elements
Contents
Making compounds
Glossary
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Glossary
atomThe smallest particle that can exist on its own.
compoundSubstance made up of two or moredifferent elements that are chemically joined together.
elementSubstance made up of only one type of atom.
formulaThe symbols and numbers that represent theatoms in a substance.
moleculeTwo or more atoms that are chemically joinedtogether.
periodic tableTable in which all known elements arearranged based on their properties.
symbolOne or two letters that represent an element.
Anagrams
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Anagrams
Multiple choice quiz
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Multiple-choice quiz