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PEDRO RUIZ GALLOUNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
FACULTAD DE
MEDICINA HUMANA
BREAST CANCER
PROFESSOR : DRA. ROSA GONZALES LLONTOP
PEDRO RUÍZ GALLONATIONAL UNIVERSITY
HUMAN MEDICINE FACULTY
GROUP N° 09
STUDENTS: BALLENA RÁZURI, LUIS ANDRÉ. CORONADO VIDARTE, KRISTIAN ALBERT. DÁVILA DÍAZ, JOB JOEL. SALINAS GUTIÉRREZ , CINTHYA MARILIA. SUYÓN DELGADO, MARÍA ALEXANDRA. YONG CADENA, HUGO ALBERTO.
BREAST CANCER FACTS• 2nd leading cause of
death
• 2nd most common cancer
• All women are at risk
• Incidence increases with age
HOW IS THE BREAST DESIGNED
The breasts sit on the chest muscles that cover the ribs.
Each breast is made of 15 to 20 lobes.
Lobes contain many smaller lobules
Milk flows from the lobules through thin tubes called ducts to the nipple.
The nipple is in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola
TYPES OF BREAST CANCER
Ductal Carcinoma
Originate in ducts that carry milk to nipples.
If cancer confined to duct = in situ (DCIS)
If moved beyond duct = invasive or infiltrating
Usually found on mammogram
Lobular Carcinoma rare
WHAT CAUSES BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is always caused by a genetic abnormality
However, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from your mother or father
Gender• Female (1% males)
Race• More common in whites
Age• Increases as a woman gets
older.Relative• Mother or sister
RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER
Menstrual history• Early on set late menopause
Childbirth• First child after the age of 30 or
having no children at all
Obesity
Diet • Fat and alcohol
Lack of physical activity; stress
RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER
Radiation Exposure
History of cancer• Breast, uterus, cervix, ovary
Hormones• Estrogens in Hormone
replacement therapy and Birth control pills.
Genetics • Certain conditions that are
inheritated
RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER
SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER
A persistent
lump of thickening
in the breast or
armpit area.
Changes in the colour or skin of the
breast,areola or nipple(e.g. dimpling,puck
ering or scaling)
A newly retracted/inv
erted(pulled in
nipple)
SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER
Early breast cancer may not have symptoms.
Blood or discharge from the nipple.
A change in the size or
shape of the breast.
DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER
PREVENTION BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORSTHAT CAN BE CONTROLLED
All women are
at risk
Obesity Exercise
Breastfeeding Alcohol
HormoneReplacement
Therapy
Not having children
SCREENING FOR BREAST CANCER
A Good Breast Health Plan
A• Self Awareness (Monthly Self
Exams) (BSE)
B• Clinical Breast Examination
(CBE)
C• Mammograms
SCREENING
riz
• Average-size lump found by woman practicing occasional breast self-exam
• Average-size lump found by woman practicing regular breast self-exam (BSE)
• Average-size lump found by first mammogram
• Average-size lump found by getting regular mammograms
BREAST SELF EXAMINATION (BSE)
A
• Opportunity for woman to become familiar with her breasts
B
• Monthly exam of the breasts and underarm area)
C
• May discover any changes early
• Begin at age 20, continue monthly
WHEN TO DO BSE ?
A
• Menstruating women- 5 to 7 days after the beginning of their period
B• Menopausal women -
same date each month
C• Pregnant women –same
date each month
D• Takes about 10 minutes
E• Perform BSE at least • once a month
F• Examine all breast tissue
BREAST SELF- EXAMINATION
• Raise one arm, then the other , so you can check under your arms for lumps
• Squeeze the nipple of each breast gently between your thumb and index finger
• Look at your breasts while standing in front of a mirror with your hands on your hips
• Lie down and use your hand to examine your left breast1 2
34
WHY DON’T MORE WOMEN PRACTICE BSE
FearEmbarrassment
YouthLack of knowledge
Too busy, forgetfulness
Clinical Breast
Examination
Performed by doctor or trained nurse practitioner
Annually for women over 40yrs
At least every 3 years for women between 20 and 40 yrs
More frequent examination for high risk patients
MAMMOGRAPHY
X-ray of the breast
Has been shown to save
lives in patients 50-69
Data mixed on usefulness for patients 40-49
Normal mammogram does not rule out possibility
of cancer completely
should have a MAMMOGRAM every
year
Women (asymptomatic) 40 years of age and older
TREATMENT FOR BREAST CANCER
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal Therapy
SURGERY
• Lumpectomy
• Modified Radical Mastectomy
• Radical Mastectomy (rare) Reconstruction
BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
Pre and Post Expander and Implant
Pre and Post Tissue and Implants Combined
As a adjunct to surgery
depending on stage of
cancer
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal Therapy
MYTHS & FACTS
Touching the breasts too often will lead to cancer
Talking about cancer causes cancer
Using illegal drugs causes cancer
Herbs cure breast cancer(uña de gato/cat’s claw)
MYTHS & FACTS
A bruise on the breast will lead to breast cancer.
If an incision is made during breast cancer surgery,the cancer will spread.
Getting too many mammograms leads tobreast cancer.
Mammograms are only used to evaluatebreast lumps.
MYTHS & FACTS
Breast cancer only affects older women
If you have a risk factor for breast cancer, you're likely to get the disease
Using antiperspirants causes breast cancer.
A breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentence.
Breast cancer is preventable
THANK YOU