Unit One: Colonial Period

I. A New World Foner: Chapter 1 Konig, Hans, Columbus: His Enterprise.

Primary Documents: Diary of Christopher Columbus: The Indians; Amerigo Vespucci Letter to Pier Soderini, Gonfalonier of the Republic of Florence 1497Las Casas Defends the Indians

Topics: Native Americans before Columbus/Early slave trade/ Goals of early Explorations/environmental impact of Columbus’s discovery/ Spain’s New World empire.

Essential Questions:1. How did religious, political, economic, and technological developments in Europe

between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries influence exploration and eventual conquest of the New World? Compare and contrast how the European and New World cultures influenced one another.

2. What is Columbus’ proper role in history?

Focus Questions1. What was Native American society like before European contact? What similarities and

differences existed? 2. What factors led to Europe’s increased exploration and to the discovery of the New World?3. What is the Columbian Exchange? What are some of the results of the Columbian

Exchange?4. What was the role of conquistadores and encomienda in establishing a Spanish Empire in

the New World?5. What was the geographic extent of the Spanish Empire in the New World? What nations

were challenging Spain’s dominance in the New World and where?

Primary Source analysis : Students will learn how to use the APPARTS method by preparing a worksheet for a discussion of how to evaluate the validity of primary sources.

II. Beginnings of English America Foner: Chapter 2

Primary document: John Smith: The Starving TimeHugh Jones: Slavery in Virginia. James I :Divine Right of Kings Mayflower Compact Mourts RelationsOf Plimoth PlantationJohn Winthrop: The Right to Reject SettlersThe fundamental orders of Connecticut

Topics: England on the Eve of colonization/expansion of Elizabethan England/ Jamestown: English settlers & Native Americans/Settling the Chesapeake/ New England and the Puritans/ The English Civil Wars

Essential Question:1. How was the ultimate success of the Jamestown colony achieved?2. How did disagreement amongst the Puritans lead to the development of New England?3. How did the establishment of a Constitutional monarchy in England effect the

development of a system of government in colonial America?

Focus Questions1. What international events and domestic changes prompted England to begin colonization?2. What was it like for the early settlers of Jamestown?3. Why were Native Americans unable to repel the English colonization of North America?4. What crops were important to the English colonies in the south of North America? How did

the cultivation of those crops shape those colonies?5. What religious turmoil in the Old World resulted in the little colony of Plymouth in the

New World?6. Why was the initial and subsequent colonization of the Massachusetts Bay Colony more

successful than Plymouth?7. How did the colony of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony contribute to the origins of

American independence and government? What were the contributions to American independence and government from the New England Confederation, the Dominion of New England, and the Glorious Revolution?

8. What role did religious intolerance play in the founding of New England colonies other than Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay and in the founding of some middle colonies?

9. Besides England, what other nations influenced the colonization of the Atlantic coast of North America?

III. Creating Anglo-America Foner: Chapter 3

Topics: Mercantilism/The Origins of American Slavery/ Indentured Servants and Bacon’s Rebellion;/The Glorious Revolution/African American culture/Southern Society/New England Society/Salem Witchcraft trials

Primary Documents: The Stono Rebellion in South Carolina Cotton Mather on the Education of His Children.Bacon's Declaration in the Name of the People

Essential Question:

1. Did England’s mercantilist policies help or hurt the colonies?2. What were the forces and events that led to slavery in North America?3. What distinctive American characteristics developed during this period?

Focus Questions1. How did the climate in the southern colonies influence life expectancy, family life,

immigration, and economic development?2. What role did Bacon’s Rebellion play in the adoption and expansion of slavery in the

southern colonies?3. What contributions did enslaved Africans provide the colonies?4. How was life expectancy, family life, immigration, and economic development different in

New England as compared with the southern colonies?5. What are the differences in the legal standing of women in southern colonies and New

England colonies?6. In what ways were all American colonists similar?

Free Response Question (FRQ) Compare the ways in which two of the following reflected tensions in colonial society. Bacon’s Rebellion 1676 Pueblo Revolt 1680 Salem Witchcraft Trials 1692 Stono Rebellion 1739. OR FRQ. Second choice: Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society to 1740 in two of the following regions: New England; Chesapeake; Middle Atlantic.

IV. Slavery, Freedom and the Struggle for Empire to 1763 Foner: Chapter 4

Primary Documents: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. Vol. I.London: Author, [1789].John Locke An Essay concerning the true original, extent and end of civil Government (1690)Peter Kalm; A Visit to Philadelphia Alexander Hamilton: A Description of the Northern Colonies Andrew Burnaby. The Colonial Future. Pontiac Rallies his Warriors. 1763 The Albany Plan of the Union: Benjamin Franklin

Topics: The Atlantic Slave Trade and Middle Passage/Slave Culture/The British Constitution/The American Enlightenment/ The Great Awakening/Imperial Rivalries/ Seven Years War

Essential Question:1. Explain the simultaneous expansion of both freedom and slavery in the North American

colonies.2. How did the ideas of republicanism and liberalism differ in eighteenth century British

North America?3. What ideas generated by the American Enlightenment and the Great Awakening

prompted challenges to religious, social and political authorities in the British colonies?4. Why is the French and Indian War regarded as the first in a series of events that will

bring about the American Revolution?

Focus Questions1. Explain the origins and development of the Atlantic Slave trade.2. Show the connection between the period of salutary neglect and the development of self-

government in the colonies3. Why is Benjamin Franklin considered a symbol of the Enlightenment in the colonies?3. How did eighteenth-century America’s social hierarchy compare with seventeenth-century

America’s social hierarchy? How did both compare with the Old World’s?4. What was the leading industry in eighteenth-century America? What other industries were

important?5. How did the Great Awakening influence religion in America?

3. Where did France colonize in the New World? What was the focus of French colonization?4. What region in the North America did both France and Britain view as critical to their

colonial empires?5. What nations were the principal adversaries in the Seven Years’ War in Europe?6. How did the Albany Congress portend the American Revolution?7. What were the significant military engagements in North America of the Seven Years’ War

and what was the outcome of each?8. In what ways did British policy during and after the Seven Years’ War upset and unite the

colonies?

Free Response Questions.(FRQ)Compare and contrast the ways in which economic development effected politics in Massachusetts and Virginia from 1607-1750.OR. Analyze the cultural and economic responses of two of the following groups to the Indians of North America before 1750: British. French. Spanish.

. DBQ.2004. In what ways did the French and Indian War alter the political, economic and ideological relations between Britain and the American colonies?

Unit Two: A New Nation

V. The American Revolution Foner Chapter 5

Topics: the Stamp Act Crisis./Townshend Acts./Boston Tea Party/Intolerable Acts./First Continental Congress./Lexington & Concord/American ‘republicanism.”/ Declaration of Independence./Patriots & Loyalists./Major battles/ French alliance./Yorktown./The Peace of Paris.

Primary Documents.

James Otis, The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and ProvedAnonymous Account of the Boston MassacreCaptain Thomas Preston's Account of the Boston MassacreA Philadelphia Gentleman on the Stamp Act A British Leader on the Power of Parliament John Dickinson-Taxes for Revenue John Dickenson Letters from a farmer II

William Knox on American Taxation Samuel Seabury. An American Troy View. Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, 31 MarchThomas Paine. COMMON SENSE.Charles Inglis. The True Interest of AmericaThe DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.Thomas Paine American Crisis (1780-83) 1/19 I - The American Crisis: December 23, 1776

Essential Question:1. Identify

and describe

the events that convinced the colonists to declare independence?2. What were the Enlightenment ideas about government that inspired Thomas

Jefferson?3. How were the Americans able to overcome the odds fighting against the most

powerful empire in the world?

Focus Questions1. What role did mercantilism play in creating discord between British authorities and the

colonists?2. How did the colonies respond to Grenville’s laws, specifically the Stamp Act?3. What events resulted in British soldiers landing in Boston and being involved in the

Boston Massacre?4. How did the British respond to the Boston Tea Party?5. Where did the British soldiers and American colonists clash in April 1775?6. What were the advantages and disadvantages of Britain on the eve of the American

Revolution?7. What were the advantages and disadvantages of the American colonists on the eve of the

American Revolution?8. What were some of the military engagements that occurred before independence was

declared by the colonists and what was the outcome of each?9. How did Thomas Paine convince colonists to fight for independence?10. What were Thomas Paine’s views on government?11. Why was Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence so inspiring at the time and for

future revolutions?12. Who were likely to be Loyalists? What types of people favored Britain? How were Loyalists

treated during the war?13. What were the major military campaigns after the colonists declared independence?14. How was French aid secured by American diplomats?15. How did Old World tensions contribute to the success of American diplomats in securing

the Treaty of Paris and its generous provisions?

DBQ 1999... Causes of the Revolution. To what extent had the colonists developed a sense of their identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the revolution?

1. What were the colonists fighting for prior to declaring independence?

VI. The Revolution Within Foner: Chapter 6

Democratizing Freedom/ Toward Religious Tolerance/ Defining Economic Freedom/The loyalists Plight/Slavery of the Revolution/Daughters of Liberty

Primary Readings: Adam Smith :The Wealth of NationsJohn Adams: Thoughts on GovernmentSamuel Sewells: The Selling of JosephRepublican Motherhood

Essential Question:1. How did the American Revolution challenge the existing order of society?2. How revolutionary was the American Revolution?

Focus Questions1. What was "republican motherhood"? Why was it significant?2. Before the American Revolution, Americans commonly held that the role of government

was to promote the public good. After the war merchants and other leaders advocated free trade and free markets ruled by self-interest as an expression of freedom. How did this new concept of freedom for some Americans deprive others of theirs?

3. "Slavery" and "liberty" were the two most frequently used terms in the debate over freedom. How did the apply to the political rights of white property owners but mean something completely different when referring to African-Americans held as property?

DBQ. 2005. To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer be sure to address the political, social and economic effects of the revolution.

VII. Founding a New Nation Foner: Chapter 7

Topics: Articles of Confederation/ Northwest Ordinance/ Shays’s Rebellion/The Constitutional Convention/Salvery in the Constitution/Ratifying the Constitution/ Analysis of the U. S. Constitution.

Primary Readings: Northwest OrdinanceThomas Jefferson on the ConstitutionFederalist #10The Anti-Federalist PapersThe Constitutional Convention DebatesSlavery And The Constitution (August 21, 22) The Constitution of the United States.

Essential Question:1. Why did the framers purposefully design a system lacking a strong central government?2. What were the principles of government that guided the writing of the United States

Constitution?3. Why were the anti-federalist opposed to the Constitution?4. How did the Federalists convince the anti-Federalists to ratify the Constitution?

Focus Questions

1. How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence?

2. What distinguishes constitutions in America from a constitution in the British tradition?3. What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation?4. What events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some

Americans?5. What compromises were required to produce the Constitution?6. How did the Anti-Federalists view the proposed Constitution?7. James Madison argued that " Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well

as he abuse of power". How did this statement influence the ideas of freedom for the participants at the Constitutional Convention?

8. What was the ratification process for the Constitution, and how did the Federalists eventually triumph?

9. Why does the Constitution never use the word slavery?10. How important was the Bill of Rights the at time it was enacted and how important is it now?

DBQ 1984. From 1781-1788 did the Articles of Confederation provide the U. S. with an effective government? VIII. Securing the Republic Foner Chapter 8

Topics: Washington’s presidency/ Hamilton’s economic policies/the Whiskey Rebellion/political parties;/the impact of the French Revolution/ Washington’s foreign policy;/foreign policy under Adams/Alien & Sedition Acts;/Virginia & Kentucky resolutions/Impact of the Revolution on Women.

Primary Documents.The Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)The Jay Treaty, 1794Treaty of Amity Commerce and NavigationTreaty of Greenville (1795)John Adams XYZ Affair, Philadelphia, PA, 1797-05-16The Sedition Act July 14, 1798George Washington. Farewell Address.Thomas Jefferson: First Inaugural Address.Rufus King. The Missouri Bill. Charles Pinckney. The Tallmadge Amendment.The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Essential Question:1. What is George Washington's greatest legacy?2. Is it apt to allege that John Adams undid the Bill of Rights?3. How does Thomas Jefferson resolve his Constitutional dilemma?4. Why does Thomas Jefferson choose to leave his two terms as president off of his

tombstone?5. Why was James Madison unable to avoid war?6. Did Monroe uphold, or discount, Washington's view of foreign policy?

Focus Questions2. What were the components of Hamilton’s economic policy, and what did he hope to

accomplish with that policy?3. What two constitutional theories were presented by Jefferson and Hamilton when

Washington asked about the constitutionality of creating a national bank?4. Why did Washington opt for neutrality during the French Revolution?5. What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay’s Treaty?6. How did John Adams handle foreign affairs with France?7. What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what

was Jefferson’s proposed remedy?8. Who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support

Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?

8. How did Jefferson behave as president, and how did he deal with his predecessors federalist programs?

9. What were the circumstances that gave birth to the principle of judicial review?10. How was the United States able to acquire the Louisiana territory and why did Jefferson

struggle with the purchase?11. What foreign policy challenges did Jefferson face and how did he respond to each?12. Why did Madison ask Congress to declare war on Britain in 1812?13. What were the main military engagements in the War of 1812 and what was the outcome

of each?14. In what ways did nationalism, inspired by the War of 1812, manifest itself?15. How did Henry Clay’s American System aim to increase national unity and economic

development?16. What were the circumstances that resulted in the Missouri Compromise?17. How did Chief Justice John Marshall’s Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal power

and defend the Constitution’s economic provisions?18. What motivated the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and what were its main assertions?

DBQ 1998. With respect to the federal Constitution, the Jeffersonian Republicans are usually characterized as strict constructionists who were opposed to the broad constructionism of the Federalists. To what extent was this characterization of the two parties accurate during the Presidencies of Jefferson and Madison?

IX. The Market Revolution Foner: Chapter 9

A New Economy/The Erie Canal/Railroads and Telegraph/The Cotton Kingdom/The Unfree Westward Movement/The Factory System/Immigration/Rise of Nativism/The Transcendentalists/ The Second Great Awakening/ The Cult of Domesticity

Primary Readings. . William Cullen Bryant. The Right to StrikeGeorge Roger Taylor. The Transportation Revolution. The Utopian Lowell Looms. Charles Latrobe. The Irish.Henry David ThoreauRalph Waldo Emerson

Essential Question:1. How did the market revolution spark social change?2. What were the tensions surrounding the role of the national, state and local governments to promote the economy during this period?3. What role did immigrants play in the new market society?

Focus Questions1. How did the market revolution change the lives of women, workers and African Americans?2. How important were the Erie Canal and the telegraph in bringing abut the market revolution?3. How did the Second Great Awakening expand American democracy and bring about the era of reform?4. What influence did the transcendentalist have on society?

X. The Age of Jackson Foner: Chapter 9Corrupt bargain of 1824./President John Quincy Adams 1825-1829/ Election of Andrew Jackson 1828/Tariff of Abominations./Spoils system/Nullification crisis/Indian removal/Jackson’s War on the Bank/Emergence of the Whig Party/Van Buren’s presidency/Panic of 1837/Texas Revolution/1840 Election campaign/Establishment of the two-party system.

Primary Readings. A Debate on Voting Qualifications: Kent v. Sandford. James Fenimore Cooper on the Right to Vote. Andrew Jackson on Re-chartering the Bank. Jackson’s Bank Veto Message.Daniel Webster on Jackson’s Bank Veto. Andrew Jackson –Nullification Proclamation.

Essential Question:1. How did the “Age of Jackson “bring about a vast expansion of democracy while at the

same time expand the powers of the executive branch?

Focus Questions1. How did the events related to the election of 1824 influence the election of 1828?2. Why did the tariff issue also become an issue of nullification?3. How were Native Americans treated during Jackson’s presidency?4. During the Bank War, how did Jackson increase the power of the presidency?5. What happened that eventually resulted in Texan independence from Mexico and why did

the United States avoid immediate annexation?6. What distinguished the two-party system, which resulted after the 1840 election, from the

earlier two-party system, and what were the philosophical and policy differences between the Democrats and the Whigs?

DBQ 1990. Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves?

Unit 3 Slavery and Sectionalism 1820-1861

XI. The Peculiar InstitutionCotton Kingdom/The Southern Economy/Paternalism/Pro-slavery ethos/Life under slavery/Slave culture/Frederick Douglass/ Nat Turner's Rebellion/ The Amistad

Primary Documents: Letter from Joseph Tabor to Joseph Long (1840)The Rules of Highland Plantation (1843)John C. Calhoun on SlaveryFrederick Douglass. I Feel Bound to Speak freelyFrederick Douglass. Independence Day Speech at Rochester New York.Frederick Law Olmsted. The Cotton Kingdom

Essential Question:1. Hw did slavery shape the social and economic relations in the Old South?2. How did the different economic systems of the industrial north and agrarian south

shape two distinct cultures?

Focus Questions

1. What are the rungs on the social ladder of the South?2. Where and how did slaves live in the South?3. What did slaves do to resist the “peculiar institution”?4. Who were prominent abolitionists, and what distinguished one from another?5. How did the South react to the growing agitation of abolitionists?

XII. An Age of Reform Mormons/Educational reform/Temperance/Women’s roles and women’s rights/Utopian experiments/Art & architecture/A national literature.

Primary Documents: Margaret Fuller on Equal Rights for Women.Declaration of Sentiments of the Seneca Falls Convention. 1848. Lucy Stone Protests Traditional Marriage.Horace Mann on educational reform.Dorothea Dix Address the Massachusetts Legislature.

Essential Question:3. What were the economic and social costs of rapid industrialization?

Focus Questions

1. How did Deism, the Second Great Awakening, continued denominational fragmentation, and Mormons shape American religious life?

2. What educational developments occurred in the first half of the nineteenth century?3. Who led the various reform movements in the early half of the nineteenth century?4. How did Americans contribute to the advance of science during this time?5. Who were America’s foremost artistic and literary figures in the first half of the nineteenth

century?

XIII. Manifest Destiny Foner: Chapter 13.

Tyler’s Presidency/Annexation of Texas/Oregon Fever/Polk’s Administration & the Mexican War.

Primary Readings: John L. O”Sullivan –Annexation. Polk Justifies the Texas Coup. Polk Blames Mexico. Henry David Thoreau:Civil Disobedience.

Essential Question:

1. What was the rationale for and what were the consequences of territorial expansion?2. Was manifest destiny the expression of an ideal or justification for imperialism?

Focus Questions

1.Why were Whigs, like Clay and Webster, unhappy with Tyler’s accession to the presidency?2.What issues caused tension between Britain and the United States?3.Why was Texas annexed into the United States at the time that it was? Why not earlier or later?

4.What circumstances resulted in the peaceful settlement of the Oregon dispute between Britain and the United States?5.What was Polk’s four-point program as president and how successful was he in accomplishing each part of his plan?6.Why did the United States and Mexico go to war in 1846?7.Who led the major military campaigns during the Mexican War and how successful was each campaign?8.What were the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?9.How did the Wilmot Proviso reveal strong sectional differences?

XIV. Fruits of Manifest Destiny Foner: Chapter 13

Popular Sovereignty/California Statehood/Compromise of 1850/Fugitive Slave Law/Franklin Pierce & Expansion/ Douglas and the Kansas Nebraska Act.

Primary Readings: Calhoun, Webster & Seward debate the Compromise of 1850. Hofstadter, Richard: John C. Calhoun; “The Marx of the Master Class.”

Essential Question:1. In spite of staving off a civil war, how did the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas

Nebraska Act further polarize the nation?

Focus Questions1. How did the California gold rush result in inflaming strong sectional disputes?2. Who supported and who opposed the Compromise of 1850, what were its main provisions, and how did it pass?3. What section benefited the most from the Compromise of 1850? Why?4. What foreign policy agreements were made with regard to Latin America and Asia?5. What were the explicit provisions and implicit understandings of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and what were some of the consequences of its passage?

XV. The Rise of the Republican Party and Lincoln Foner: Chapter 13

Uncle Tom’s Cabin & abolitionism/Bleeding Kansas/Buchanan’s administration/The Dred Scott Decision/Lincoln-Douglas Debates/John Brown’s Raid/Lincoln & the election of 1860/Secession.

Primary Documents: Lincoln: Peoria Speech 1854Douglas: Freeport Doctrine"The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro" Frederick DouglassThe Life and Narrative of Frederick DouglassWilliam H. Seward The Irrepressible Conflict James G. Randall. The Blundering Generation Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Causes of the Civil War.

Essential Question:1. Was the Civil War inevitable?2. Why were the Dred Scott decision and the raid on Harper’s Ferry so debilitating?

Focus Questions

1. Who authored literature related to slavery that aroused sympathy in the North and ire in the South?2. How did events unfold in Kansas after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?3. What was the decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case?4. How did John Brown’s actions further entrench sectional differences?5. Who were the candidates for president in 1860, where did each get most of his support, and what were the results of the election?6. What happened in the time between the election of 1860 and the inauguration of the new president?

Unit Four: The Civil War and Reconstruction

XVI. The First Modern War Foner : Chapter 14.

Fort Sumter;/The Border States/Balance of forces/Threats of European intervention/Diplomacy; Lincoln & Civil Liberties/Financing the War/ Economic impact of the war/ Women & the War.

Primary Documents: Anna Dickinson: Draft riots in New York City. Sallie Putnam:Disorders & Distress in Richmond Hofstadter, Richard- “Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth.” Two page analysis due.

Essential Question:1. What was Lincoln’s primary goal for declaring war on the seceded sates?2. Did he have other options?

Focus Questions

1.What did Lincoln do that provoked South Carolina to bombard Fort Sumter, and what did Lincoln do immediately following the attack?2.Which states were Border States and how did they influence Lincoln’s statements and actions?3.At the outbreak of war, what advantages did the South have and what advantages did the North have?4.Why did the South believe they would be able to enlist foreign intervention and why were they unable to do so?5.What incidents threatened peaceful relations between the Union and Britain?6.How did the war impact the economy in the North and the economy in the South?

DBQ: 2006. Discuss the changing values of American womanhood between the American Revolution and the outbreak of the Civil War. What factors fostered the emergence of “republican motherhood” and the “cult of domesticity.” Assess the extent to which these ideals influenced the lives of American women during this period.

XVII. The Civil War Foner : Chapter 14

Bull Run/The Peninsula Campaign/Antietam/Emancipation Proclamation/Gettysburg; War in the West/Sherman in Wartime/Politics in Wartime/Appomattox/Lincoln’s assassination/Legacy of the Civil War

Primary Documents: Abraham Lincoln; The Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln to Horace Greeley Abraham Lincoln: The Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln: Second Inaugural Address.

Essential Question:1. How does the goal of the war change in January of 1863?2. What were the costs of the Civil War?

Focus Questions

1.How successful was McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac?2.What are some of the pivotal battles of the Civil War and what was the outcome of each?3.What did the Emancipation Proclamation do and how did it affect the Union cause?4.How successful was Lee as commander of the Confederate army?5.Once he was put in charge of the entire Union army, how did Grant prosecute the war until its end?6.What was the political situation as the election of 1864 approached, and how did Lincoln win a reelection?7.What were the costs of the Civil War?

XVIII. Reconstruction Foner : Chapter 15

The defeated South/the freed slaves/Lincoln & Johnson’s Reconstruction policies/Moderate & radical Republicans/ Congressional Reconstruction/Johnson vs. congress/Military Reconstruction/Freedmen in Politics/Black Reconstruction and the Ku Klux Klan/Impeachment of Andrew Johnson/Legacy of Reconstruction.

Primary Documents: The Freedmen on Reconstruction; A Resolution of the South Carolina Central Committee James DeBow – Voting rights for Freedmen Hannah Tutson: A Ku Klux Klan raid. DBQ. In what ways and to what extent did constitutional and social developments from 1860-1877 amount to a revolution?

Essential Question:1. Was Reconstruction a success or failure in realizing the goals of the Civil War?

Focus Questions

1. How did blacks respond to freedom, and what black organizations flourished?2. How had Lincoln hoped to accomplish Reconstruction, and what modifications did Johnson make to Lincoln’s original plan?3. In what ways was Congressional Reconstruction different that Presidential Reconstruction?4. After gaining suffrage, how successful were blacks politically?5. What circumstances led to the impeachment and trial of President Johnson and what was the outcome?

Possible DEBATE TOPICS

1. Since Columbus' arrival was the beginning of Native American genocide and environmental destruction in the Americas, Columbus Day should no longer be celebrated. 2. A thirst for money and power, not a thirst for freedom, inspired "The Planting of English America." 3. The undemocratic aspects of the political and legal systems of Massachusetts Bay far outweigh the democratic aspects. 4. In seventeenth century America, New England was a much better place to live than either the Middle colonies or the Southern Colonies. 5. On the eve of the American Revolution, the term English colonies was a misnomer. 6. From its origin, France's New World Empire was doomed to failure. 7. Political freedom had little to do with the American Revolution; the primary causes were economic. 8. Without the aid of France, America would have had little chance of winning the American Revolution. 9. The Founding Fathers wrote a Constitution that was primarily undemocratic. 10. A. Alexander Hamilton is a better representation of American values than Thomas Jefferson . 10 B. In both domestic and foreign policy, John Adams was a failure as President. 11. A. President's Jefferson's reaction to British and French maritime policy made his presidency a humiliation for America. 11. B. James Madison and the War Hawks represent the values that Americans have traditionally cherished the most in their leaders. 12. James Monroe must be rated a great President of the United States. 13. Andrew Jackson's actions toward the Second Bank of the United States and his actions during the tariff crisis of 1832 prove that he was more dictatorial than democratic. 14. The term "wage slave" is an excellent description of factory workers in the free states during the period 1820-1860. 15. A. The First Amendment guarantees Mormons the right to take multiple wives. (Handout- Reynolds v. the United States 1879.) 15. B. Modern American women no longer face any of the inequalities that are included in the Female Declaration of Independence.( Declaration of Sentiments of the Seneca Falls Convention 1848.) 16. Nat turner is a true American hero. 17. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is a shining example of the traditional American spirit of generosity and fair play. 18. The politicians who supported the Compromise of 1850 should be condemned in modern history books. 19. John Brown is a true American hero. 20. During the Civil War, many of Lincoln's actions were unnecessarily dictatorial. 21. Abraham Lincoln does not deserve the title "The Great Emancipator." 22. The so-called "Radical Republicans" are the true heroes of Reconstruction.