OLR (1986) 33 (12) 1003

B 3 5 0 . P o l l u t i o n (see also C210-Chemical pollution, E300-Effects of pollution, F250- Waste disposal)

86:6849 Rasmussen, R.A. and M.A.K. Khalil, 1986. Atmos-

pheric trace gases: trends and distributions over the last decade. Science, 232(4758):1623-1624.

Concentrations of halocarbons, methane and nitrous oxide over the decade 1975-1985 are reported, based on measurements taken every January at the South Pole and in the Pacific Northwest. The concentra- tions of F-11, F-12, and CH3CC13 in both hemi- spheres are now more than twice their concentra- tions 10 years ago. However, the annual rates of increase of F-11, F-12, and CH3CC13 are now considerably slower than earlier in the decade, reflecting in part the effects of a ban on their nonessential uses. Inst. of Atmos. Sci., Oregon Grad. Center, Beaverton, OR 07006, USA. ®1986 by the AAAS.

B380. Forecasting 86:6850

Danard, Maurice, 1986. On the sensitivity of predic- tions of maritime cyciogenesis to convective

precipitation and sea temperature. Atmos. Ocean, 24(1):52-72.

Three methods of specifying the fraction of moisture supply that produces convective precipitation in a modified form of Kuo's (1974) parameterization scheme using an 8-level primitive equations model are tested. When convection is included, precipi- tation amounts are greater and the cyclone deep- ening is better predicted. Predicted cyclogenesis is very sensitive to sea temperature. As the low moves over warmer water, the effect of sensible heating is to increase the moisture convergence in the atmos- pheric boundary layer. This increases the precipi- tation rates and accelerates deepening. It is con- cluded that the CISK mechanism plays an important role in extratropical cyclogenesis. Atmos. Dynamics Corp., Woodridge Place, R.R. 7, Victoria, BC VSX 3X3, Canada.

86:6851 Xie, Linjuan, 1985. Prediction of typhoon tracks using

nonlinear regression and analog methods. Tropic Oceanol., 4(3):30-35. (In Chinese, English ab- stract.)

An empirically (historically) based prediction algo- rithm is fine-tuned and compared with other pre- diction methods. Inst. of Tropical Mar. Meteorol. of Guangdong, People's Republic of China.

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

C10. Apparatus and methods

86:6852 Castagnoli, F., L. Pantani, I. Pippi and B. Radicati,

1985. Remote sensing of oils on the sea surface with an airborne infra-red scanner. Nuovo Cim., (8C)6:762-770.

The ability of an infra-red scanner to detect oil spills is discussed on the basis of the first results of the 1983 Archimedes experiment, during which a scan- ner was flown over two oil spills and real-time detection was achieved. An infra-red visible package was then developed which allows real-time remote sensing of oil spills, eventually from small aircraft.

Ist. di Ricerca sulle Onde Elettromagnetiche del CNR, Firenze, Italy.

86:6853 Chrost, R.J., Waldemar Siuda, Dieter Albrecht and

Jt~rgen Overbeck, 1986. A method for determin- ing enzymatically hydrolyzable phosphate (EHP) in natural waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31(3):662- 667.

The method is based on the determination of released inorganic phosphate after the hydrolysis of organophosphoric esters by free, dissolved phospho- hydrolases (mainly phosphatase) produced by the biota. Higher values are obtained in highly eutrophic

1004 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1986) 33 (12)

waters than by the classical procedure of Strickland and Parsons; in samples from less eutrophic habitats the two methods give similar results. The new method is simple, accurate, and can be used in both freshwater and marine studies. Dept. of Environ. Microbiol., Univ. of Warsaw, Karowa Str. 18, 00-325 Warsaw, Poland.

86:6854 Comit6 Technique Europ6en du Fluor (The Ana-

lytical Working Group), 1986. The determination of fluoride in environmentally relevant matrices. Analytica chim. Acta, 182:1-16.

This report covers analytical methods for the determination of total fluoride in gaseous emissions, rain water and aqueous effluents, vegetation, human urine, factory air and environmental air. All the methods are based on final measurement of fluoride by means of the fluoride ion-selective electrode. The methods were established after individual analytical procedures common in the various member coun- tries of CTEF had been compared; accuracy of the different methods was verified by comparative tests. B. Jensen: Sector Groups Dept., Conseil Europ6en des Fed. de l'Ind. Chim., Ave. Louise 250, Bte 72, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.

86:6855 Goewie, C.E., 1986. Optimization of mobile phase

composition in liquid chromatography--a survey of most commonly used chemometric procedures. J. liquid Chromatog., 9(7):1431-1461. Lab. of Org. Chem., Natl. Inst. of Hlth. and Environ. Hygiene, P.O. Box l, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands.

86:6856 Li, Xuanru, Lianzhi Chen, Shiyu Liu and Yuying

Hong, 1986. Adsorption action of basic zinc carbonate adsorbent on uranium in natural sea- water. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 5(1): 76-81. Third Inst. of Oceanogr., State Oceanic Admin., Xiamen, People's Republic of China.

86:6857 Monteiro, P.M.S., 1986. The potential for the use of

high performance liquid chromatography in ma- rine research. Trans. R. Soc. S. A fr., 46(1):15-26.

This paper explores some of the possible applications of HPLC in the field of marine organic chemistry. It is suggested that the use of reverse phase (C18, C8) columns be developed further since these do not require a disruptive desalting step, which makes them particularly suited for seawater research. Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.

86:6858 Satsmadjis, John and Basil Iatridis, 1985. Gas

chromatographic determination of organochior- ines in biota by preliminary fractionation on conditioned silica gel cobnmn, CENTRO, 1(2): 57-66.

A method is described for the reliable determination of PCBs in animal tissues. It comprises hexane extraction, removal of lipids on an alumina column, separation into six fractions on a silica gel column and injection into a gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector. Inst. of Oceanogr. and Fish. Res., GR-166 04 Hellinikon, Greece.

86:6859 Smith, R.J., C.S. Nieass and M.S. Wainwright, 1986.

A review of methods for the determination of hold-up volume in modern liquid chromatogra- phy. J. liquid Chromatog., 9(7): 1387-1430. Sch. of Chem. Engng., Univ. of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1 Kensington NSW 2033, Australia.

86:6860 Willason, S.W. and K.S. Johnson, 1986. A rapid,

highly sensitive technique for the determination of ammonia in seawater. Mar. Biol., 91(2):285-290.

The procedure is based on the conversion of NH4 + in seawater to NH 3 and its subsequent diffusion across a hydrophobic membrane using flow-injection analysis. Sixty determinations can be made per hour on a flowing stream of seawater or discrete samples. The lower limit of detection is 0.05 /iM. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

C40. Area studies, surveys

86:6861 Zhang, Qunying, Feng Lin, Xun Li and Minghui Hu,

1986. Major ion chemistry and oceanic flux of rivers in southern coastal China. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 5(1):57-62.

Xijiang River water is dominated by the weathering products of carbonates, and its hydrochemical character is similar to that of the Changjiang River, whereas the rivers in Fujian and eastern Guangdong are characterized by high dissolved silica content and low dissolved salt load. The chemical weathering rate of the Xijiang River Basin is 3 times higher than the rates of Fujian and eastern Guangdong, which are close to the average value of rivers in the world. Dept. of Oceanogr., Xiamen Univ., People's Repub- lic of China.