A Nation Divided The events leading up to the American Civil War

A Nation DividedA Nation DividedA Nation DividedA Nation DividedThe events leading up to The events leading up to the American Civil Warthe American Civil War

The events leading up to The events leading up to the American Civil Warthe American Civil War

Big IdeasBig IdeasBig IdeasBig Ideas

Cultural, economic, and constitutional Cultural, economic, and constitutional differences between the North and the differences between the North and the South eventually resulted in the South eventually resulted in the Civil WarCivil War..

The South feared that the North would take The South feared that the North would take control of Congress, and Southerners began control of Congress, and Southerners began to proclaim states’ rights as a means of self-to proclaim states’ rights as a means of self-protection. protection.

The North believed that the nation was a The North believed that the nation was a union and could not be divided. While the union and could not be divided. While the Civil War Civil War did not begin as a war to abolish did not begin as a war to abolish slavery, issues surrounding slavery deeply slavery, issues surrounding slavery deeply divided the nation.divided the nation.

Big Ideas (cont.)Big Ideas (cont.)Big Ideas (cont.)Big Ideas (cont.) Southern states that were dependent upon labor-Southern states that were dependent upon labor-

intensive cash crops seceded from the Union. intensive cash crops seceded from the Union. Northernmost slave states (border states) stayed Northernmost slave states (border states) stayed in the Union. in the Union.

Lincoln and Lee were men who represented views Lincoln and Lee were men who represented views of the nature of the United States that were very of the nature of the United States that were very different, leading to an unavoidable conflict. different, leading to an unavoidable conflict.

Location and topography were critical elements Location and topography were critical elements influencing important developments in the influencing important developments in the Civil WarCivil War, including major battles. , including major battles.

Life on the battlefield and on the homefront was Life on the battlefield and on the homefront was extremely harsh. Many died from disease and extremely harsh. Many died from disease and exposure.exposure.

North North and and

SouthSouth

North North and and

SouthSouthIssues that divided Issues that divided

a Nationa NationIssues that divided Issues that divided

a Nationa Nation

Issues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A Nation SlaverySlavery

– While there were several differences between the North While there were several differences between the North and the South, the issues related to slavery increasingly and the South, the issues related to slavery increasingly divided the nation and led to the Civil War.divided the nation and led to the Civil War.

Issues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A Nation CulturalCultural

– The North was mainly an urban society in which people The North was mainly an urban society in which people held jobs.held jobs.

– The South was primarily an agricultural society in which The South was primarily an agricultural society in which people lived in small villages and on farms and people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations.plantations.

– Because of their cultural differences, people of the North Because of their cultural differences, people of the North and South found it difficult to agree on social and and South found it difficult to agree on social and political issues. political issues.

Issues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A Nation

EconomicEconomic– The North was a manufacturing region, and its The North was a manufacturing region, and its

people favored tariffs that protected factory people favored tariffs that protected factory owners and workers from foreign competition.owners and workers from foreign competition.

– Southerners opposed tariffs that would cause Southerners opposed tariffs that would cause prices of manufactured goods to increase. prices of manufactured goods to increase. Planters were also concerned that England Planters were also concerned that England might stop buying cotton from the South if might stop buying cotton from the South if tariffs were added. tariffs were added.

Issues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A NationIssues That Divided A Nation

ConstitutionalConstitutional– A major conflict was states’ rights A major conflict was states’ rights

versus strong central government. versus strong central government.

The The Conflict Conflict BeginsBegins

The The Conflict Conflict BeginsBegins

Compromise,Compromise,

Conflict and the Conflict and the first Confrontationfirst Confrontation

Compromise,Compromise,

Conflict and the Conflict and the first Confrontationfirst Confrontation

Big IdeasBig IdeasBig IdeasBig Ideas

The South feared that the North would The South feared that the North would take control of Congress, and Southerners take control of Congress, and Southerners began to proclaim states’ rights as a began to proclaim states’ rights as a means of self-protection. means of self-protection.

The North believed that the nation was a The North believed that the nation was a union and could not be divided. While the union and could not be divided. While the Civil War did not begin as a war to abolish Civil War did not begin as a war to abolish slavery, issues surrounding slavery deeply slavery, issues surrounding slavery deeply divided the nation.divided the nation.

Causes of ConflictCauses of ConflictCauses of ConflictCauses of Conflict

An important issue separating the country An important issue separating the country related to the power of the Federal related to the power of the Federal government. government. – Southerners believed that they had the power Southerners believed that they had the power

to declare any national law illegal. to declare any national law illegal. – Northerners believed that the national Northerners believed that the national

government’s power was supreme over that of government’s power was supreme over that of the states.the states.

– Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery would destroy their region’s economy. would destroy their region’s economy.

– Northerners believed that slavery should be Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons. abolished for moral reasons.

Compromises attempting to Compromises attempting to resolve differencesresolve differences

Compromises attempting to Compromises attempting to resolve differencesresolve differences

Missouri Compromise (1820): Missouri Compromise (1820): – Missouri was a slave state; Maine, a free Missouri was a slave state; Maine, a free

state. state. Compromise of l850: Compromise of l850:

– California was a free state. Southwest California was a free state. Southwest territories would decide about slavery.territories would decide about slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act:Kansas-Nebraska Act:– People decided the slavery issue People decided the slavery issue

(“popular sovereignty”). (“popular sovereignty”).

The Compromises FailedThe Compromises FailedThe Compromises FailedThe Compromises Failed Southern SecessionSouthern Secession

– Following Lincoln’s election, the Following Lincoln’s election, the southern states seceded from the Union. southern states seceded from the Union. Confederate forces attacked Fort Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, in South Carolina, marking the Sumter, in South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War.beginning of the Civil War.

– Lincoln and many Northerners believed Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that the United States was one nation that could not be separated or divided. that could not be separated or divided. Most Southerners believed that states Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and joined the union had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it.and could freely leave it.

Picking SidesPicking SidesPicking SidesPicking Sides Free StatesFree States

– CaliforniaCalifornia– ConnecticutConnecticut– IllinoisIllinois– IndianaIndiana– IowaIowa– KansasKansas– MaineMaine– MassachusettsMassachusetts– MichiganMichigan– MinnesotaMinnesota– New HampshireNew Hampshire– New JerseyNew Jersey– New YorkNew York– OhioOhio– OregonOregon– PennsylvaniaPennsylvania– Rhode IslandRhode Island– VermontVermont– West Virginia (Western counties of West Virginia (Western counties of

Virginia that refused to secede Virginia that refused to secede from the Union)from the Union)

– Wisconsin Wisconsin

Border StatesBorder States– DelawareDelaware– KentuckyKentucky– MarylandMaryland– MissouriMissouri

States that Seceded:States that Seceded:– AlabamaAlabama– ArkansasArkansas– FloridaFlorida– GeorgiaGeorgia– LouisianaLouisiana– MississippiMississippi– North CarolinaNorth Carolina– South CarolinaSouth Carolina– TennesseeTennessee– TexasTexas– VirginiaVirginia

America’s America’s LeadersLeaders

America’s America’s LeadersLeaders

Strong Beliefs…Strong Beliefs…

Strong Leaders…Strong Leaders…

Strong Beliefs…Strong Beliefs…

Strong Leaders…Strong Leaders…

Large ConflictsLarge ConflictsLarge ConflictsLarge Conflicts

Lincoln and Lee were men who Lincoln and Lee were men who represented views of the nature of represented views of the nature of the United States that were very the United States that were very different, leading to an unavoidable different, leading to an unavoidable conflict. conflict.

Battles of Battles of the Civil the Civil

WarWar

Battles of Battles of the Civil the Civil

WarWarFighting for Fighting for

ControlControl

Fighting for Fighting for

ControlControl

Major battles and eventsMajor battles and eventsMajor battles and eventsMajor battles and events

The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C., The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C., began the war.began the war.


The first Battle of Manassas (Bull The first Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) was the first major battle.Run) was the first major battle.

The signing of the The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation made “freeing made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war. the slaves” the new focus of the war. Many freed slaves joined the Union army. Many freed slaves joined the Union army.


The Battle of Vicksburg divided The Battle of Vicksburg divided the South; the North controlled the South; the North controlled the Mississippi River.the Mississippi River.

The Battle of Vicksburg divided The Battle of Vicksburg divided the South; the North controlled the South; the North controlled the Mississippi River.the Mississippi River.


The Battle of Gettysburg was the The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war; the North turning point of the war; the North repelled Lee’s invasion.repelled Lee’s invasion.


Lee’s surrender to Grant at Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865 Appomattox Court House in 1865 ended the war.ended the war.


Influence of location and topography on Influence of location and topography on critical developments in the warcritical developments in the war

Influence of location and topography on Influence of location and topography on critical developments in the warcritical developments in the war

The Union blockade of southern ports The Union blockade of southern ports (e.g., Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans)(e.g., Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans)

Control of the Mississippi River (e.g., Control of the Mississippi River (e.g., Vicksburg)Vicksburg)

Battle locations influenced by the struggle Battle locations influenced by the struggle to capture capital cities (e.g., Richmond; to capture capital cities (e.g., Richmond; Washington, D.C.)Washington, D.C.)

Control of the high ground (e.g., Control of the high ground (e.g., Gettysburg) Gettysburg)

Effects of Effects of The WarThe WarEffects of Effects of The WarThe War

War Effects War Effects everyone… not everyone… not just the soldiersjust the soldiers

War Effects War Effects everyone… not everyone… not just the soldiersjust the soldiers

Effects of the WarEffects of the War General effects of the warGeneral effects of the war

– Families and friends were often pitted against one Families and friends were often pitted against one another.another.

– Southern troops became increasingly younger and more Southern troops became increasingly younger and more poorly equipped and clothed.poorly equipped and clothed.

– Much of the South was devastated at the end of the war Much of the South was devastated at the end of the war (e.g., burning of Atlanta and Richmond).(e.g., burning of Atlanta and Richmond).

– Disease was a major killer. Disease was a major killer. – Clara Barton, a Civil War nurse, created the American Clara Barton, a Civil War nurse, created the American

Red Cross.Red Cross.– Combat was brutal and often man-to-man.Combat was brutal and often man-to-man.– Women were left to run businesses in the North and Women were left to run businesses in the North and

farms and plantations in the South.farms and plantations in the South.– The collapse of the Confederacy made Confederate The collapse of the Confederacy made Confederate

money worthless.money worthless.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

African Americans fought in both the African Americans fought in both the Confederate and Union armies.Confederate and Union armies.

The Confederacy often used slaves as The Confederacy often used slaves as naval crew members and soldiers.naval crew members and soldiers.

The Union moved to enlist African The Union moved to enlist African American sailors early in the war.American sailors early in the war.

African American soldiers were paid less African American soldiers were paid less than white soldiers.than white soldiers.

African American soldiers were African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of segregated units under the command of white officers.white officers.

Robert SmallsRobert Smalls

Robert Smalls, a sailor Robert Smalls, a sailor and later a Union naval and later a Union naval captain, was highly captain, was highly honored for his feats of honored for his feats of bravery and heroism. bravery and heroism. He became a He became a Congressman after the Congressman after the Civil War.Civil War.

ReunificationReunificationReunificationReunification

““I believe it to be the duty I believe it to be the duty of everyone to unite in the of everyone to unite in the restoration of the country restoration of the country

and the reestablishment of and the reestablishment of peace and harmony.”peace and harmony.”

-Robert E. Lee-Robert E. Lee

““I believe it to be the duty I believe it to be the duty of everyone to unite in the of everyone to unite in the restoration of the country restoration of the country

and the reestablishment of and the reestablishment of peace and harmony.”peace and harmony.”

-Robert E. Lee-Robert E. Lee

Documents

A Nation Divided The events leading up to the American Civil War