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10/13/10
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ANewForeignPolicySpeakSo4y,andCarryaBigS9ck
Chapter10,Sec0on3
ThePanamaCanal:TheFrench• Acanalconnec0ngtheAtlan0candthePacificOceansacrossPanamawouldshortenthesearoutefromNewYorktoSanFranciscobyabout9,000miles(15,000to6,100miles).
• AFrenchcompany,withpreviousexperiencebuildingtheSuezCanal,triedandfailedtodigasimilarcanalacrossPanamainthe1880’s.– Acombina0onofmosquitoborndiseasesandtheinsurmountabledifficultyofdiggingasealevelcanalacrossthecon0nentaldividedefeatedtheFrench.
ThePanamaCanal:TheAmericans• TheUnitedStatespurchasedtherightstobuildthecanalfromtheFrench.– TheodoreRooseveltthenusedtheU.S.NavytosupportPanamanianindependencefromColumbia.
• TheUnitedStatesgainedrightstoa10milewidestripoflandacrosstheIsthmusofPanamafromthenewPanamaniangovernmentinexchangefor$10million.– Construc0onbeganin1904.– Thefirststepwastoeliminatethebreedinggroundsformosquitoes.
– Thecanalwascompletedin1914,6monthsaheadofscheduleand$23millionunderbudget.
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ImpactoftheCanal• MostAmericanssupportedtheconstruc0onofthecanalforeconomicandsecurityreasons.
• Themethodsusedtogaincontrolofthecanalzonemademanypeopleangry.
• AmericanmethodscausedagreatdealofillwillacrossLa0nAmerica.
AmericanForeignPolicy:TeddyRoosevelt• TheRooseveltCorollary:ifcountriesinthewesternhemisphereengagedininac0vi0esharmfultotheinterestsoftheUnitedStates,oriftheirgovernmentscollapsed,invi0nginterven0onfromstrongerna0ons,theUnitedStateswouldbeforcedtoexerciseaninterna0onalpolicepowertoenforcetheMonroeDoctrine.
• TheDominicanRepublicwentbankrupt.TopreventaEuropeantakeover,theUnitedStatesbegan– supervisingthecollec0onofcustomsdu0es.– U.S.BankstookcontrolofthecountriesfinancesandpaiditsEuropeandebts.
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AmericanForeignPolicy:WilliamHowardTaa• DollarDiplomacy:Maintainingorderlysocie0esabroadbyinves0ngAmericanmoneyinforeigneconomies.– Inves0nginrailroadsinChina,Manchuria,andMexico.
• Notallinvestmentsweresuccessful.– InLa0nAmerica,U.S.economicinfluencewasunwelcome.
AmericanForeignPolicy:WoodrowWilson• MoralDiplomacy:theUnitedStateswouldapplymoralandlegalis0cstandardstoforeignpolicydecisions.– WilsonintervenedintheMexican
Revolu0on.HeopposedMexicanGeneralVictorianoHuerta,whohadoverthrownthereformmindedgovernmentofFranciscoMadero.
• Interven0onledtoabriefoccupa0onofVeraCruzin1914.Later,in1916troopsunderthecommandofJohnPershinginvadednorthernMexicowhilepursuingtheforcesofPanchoVilla.
• VillahadbeenraidingAmericanbordertownsandhadbeeninterferingwithU.S.investmentsinminesandrailroadsinnorthernMexico.