Secon Green Revolution

8/8/2019 Secon Green Revolution

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Yogesh Bandhu

Second Green Revolution in India


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The Seeds of First Green Revolution

1943: The Bengal Famine in British ruled India /US based Rockefellerfoundation, a joint effort by the US agricultural ministry andthe USDA established the wheat and corn research centerCMMYIT

The IR-8 variety was created by hybridising PETA of Indonesiawith Dee-gee Woo Gen of China

1960s: A joint venture of the Ford Foundation of Henry Ford, and the

Rockefeller Foundation of Standard Oil Corn Development project (CDP)


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Punjab was chosen as the incubation center for the green revolutionand The US undertook the responsibility of establishing an agriculturaluniversity in Punjab. Correspondingly, US universities were deputed to

prepare the curriculum. It was decided that the agricultural universitiesin this country would be modeled after the Land Grant baseduniversity model of US. In this period, around 33 institutes came to be,including 25 state farming universities, 1 central agricultural university,1 horticultural and forestry related university, 2 veterinary universities,to list a few. 4 national research centers were also created

By directly becoming involved in the establishment of 5 universities of the first phase, US established roots in the Indian agriculturaleducation and training arena. National universities had very close

associations with US based universities, which often influenced theirpolicy decisions. Examples of such collaborations were theinvolvements of the Ohio University in Punjab, Michigan University inTamil Nadu, Purdue, Iowa university in Bangalore.


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The average level of indebtedness per agriculturist is about

Rs 42,000.The volume of total indebtedness is Rs 25000 crores.From 1998 to 2009, 2116 farmers have committed suicide inthis state andUltimate is Cancer Express (Train # 399 Bhatinda to Bikaner)

The Punjab Experience

The finance minister has chosen the eastern statessuch as West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa andEastern Part of Uttar Pradesh for unveiling

..the Second Green Revolution


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5

Tarai

Central Western Plain

Western Plain

Central Plain

Semi Arid SouthWestern Plain

Bundelkhand

Eastern Plain

North Eastern Plain

Vindhyan AreaDistrict of Eastern Region

Agro Climatic Zones in Uttar Pradesh


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District under different Agro-Climatic ZonesCentral plain Allahabad, Kaushambi, Pratapgarh

Eastern plain Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur, Jaunpur, Faizabad,

Ambedkar Nagar, Sultanpur, Azamgarh, Mau, Ballia,S. Ravi Das Ngr

North Eastern plain Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, Kushi Nagar, Basti,

Siddharth Nagar, Sant Kabir Nagar, Gonda,

Balrampur, Bahraich, Shravasti

Vindhyan Mirzapur, Sonbhadra,


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Characteristic & Constraints

North Eastern Plain Zone

Abundant surface and ground water.Soils are alluvial and calcareous.Constraints

Flood and Poor DrainageLate sowing of Wheat in Paddy-Wheat sequence.Lack of adoption of hybrids Rice & Maize.

Vindhyan ZoneMost of the lands are undulating and rocky besides

alluvial in plain area.ConstraintsLow fertility and Irrigation problem.Low Seed Replacement Rate (SRR).


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Central Plain ZoneSoils are highly productive vary from sandy loam to

clay loam.ConstraintsSodicity, Poor water management and deficiency of Micro

Nutrients.Low organic carbon.

Eastern Plain ZoneSodic Land.Plenty of ground water but surface water is scanty.

ConstraintsPoor Water Management in Canal Command Area.Low seed replacement Rate (SRR).Late sowing of Wheat in Paddy-Wheat crop sequence.


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9

Salient Features of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Average Percentage of small & marginal

farmer in eastern UP: 94.6

Average Percentage of small & marginalfarmer in Uttar Pradesh: 91.1

Highest Percentage of small & marginalfarmer in eastern UP (St. Ravidas Nagar,Jaunpur, Varanasi): 97.7

Percent net area sown of reporting area in

eastern UP: 63.8

Percent net area sown of reporting area inUttar Pradesh; 67.9


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10

-1010

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

Marginal Small Big

77

14 9

3724.3

38.7

0.4 1.43.63

Total No. Of farmers Family- in %

total land share- in%

farmers holding- in ha

Status of Farmers of Eastern Uttar Pradesh


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Productivity of Rice (Qtl. / Ha.)

Average Productivity in EasternRegion: 19.9

Average Productivity in UttarPradesh : 20.3

No of districts below states average:21


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Average Productivity inEastern Region: 26.0

Average Productivity in UttarPradesh : 28.6

No of districts below stateaverage: 14

Productivity of Wheat (Qtl./Ha.)


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Fertility Status of Primary Nutrients

Nitrogen Three districts have very low status 24 Districts have low status

Phosphate 15 Districts have very low status. 11 Districts have low status

Potash 21 Districts have medium status Only 6 districts have high status


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Problematic Soils(sodicity/submergence/Flooded /Khadar )

Weak extension network

Slow pace of mechanization

Increasing cost of cultivation

Inadequate pace of research andtechnology development

Poor post harvest management

Major Concerns


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Fragmented and small size of landholding.

Low SRR and Inadequacy of suitablegenotypes.

The deteriorating Soil Health

Imbalanced use of chemical fertilizer

Inadequate credit flow

Depleting ground water

Major Concerns


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Using seeds with improved genetics.

Double-cropping on existing farmland;

Continued expansion of farming areas;

What was the Green Revolution in India ?


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Strategy for Extending Green Revolution to Eastern UP

Increasing Seed Replacement Rate

Restoring Soil health

Water management

Management of problematic land

Technology dissemination

Mechanization


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Establishment of Mandi with in 100sq km radius.

Minimizing cost of cultivation

Research and technologydevelopment

Strategy for Extending Green Revolution to Eastern UP


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Component of Second Green Revolution

Water management Soil and management

Climate change Air quality Waste

management

Biotechnology Vaccines and diagnostics Precision farming Bioinformatics and

information technology

Food processing Use of byproducts and bio-

fuels

Post-harvestmanagement/value addition Food marketing, cold-chain/product handling

Education, learningresources, curriculumdevelopment and training

R&D, commercialization IPR, biosafety, food safety,

investment conditions, andpolicy and regulatoryframeworks Human

Resources and Institutional Capacity

Building

Agri-Processingand Marketing

Natural Resources

Management

EmergingTechnologies


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Corporates, not Farmers, are at theRoot of this Revolution(?)

Monsanto. is the biggest seed and farm chemical

company of the world

ADM is the biggest seller of food grains.

Walmart is the biggest monopolist fish which can

gobble up the global retail market


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What is Happening and What is Going to Happen as aResult of this Second Green Revolution

APMC laws of the states are being amended

Foreign companies are entering the science researchcenters

A new Seed Act is going to establish monopoly in theseed market.

Futures trading acts are being changed

Land under paddy and wheat cultivation would becurtailed

National agricultural policy has been framed in line withthe AKI


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Who are on Indian Fleet


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Some Suggestions of CEO Forum on SGRPublic-private partnership (PPP) needs to be encouraged.Large Special Economic Zones (SEZs) will need to be set up

Foreign corporations are very interested in investing in electricity, petroleum, gas, etc.therefore the govt. should enact more aggressive reforms in these areas,The government needs to take up the task of building infrastructure.Barriers in investing in the small scale retail market need to be removed.Control over higher education and research in the context of human resource development.

The food processing industry will need to be completely privatised.All obstacles in the transport of imported and internal agricultural produce need to beremoved.The Agricultural Produce Market Committee regulation needs to be revisitedThe import and taxation policies on seeds and agricultural produce, need to be relaxedAll barriers to foreign investment in food and agri-business needs to be removed.An US-India agricultural research institute needs to be set upThe US and India should jointly try to commercialise biotechnologyDirect foreign investment needs to be accelerated.Barriers to retail trade will need to be loosened.


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