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A Novel MPPT scheme for Solar Powered BoostInverter using Evolutionary Programming

December 16, 2011

Presentation By

Mr. M.Kaliamoorthy, Member IEEEAssociate Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringPSNA College of Engineering and Technology

Dindigul, Tamilnadu-624622Tel: 9865065166

E-Mail: [email protected],[email protected]:www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.com

Paper Number : 111

The Journey of Thousand Miles Begins with a single step

December 16, 2011

Presentation By

Mr. M.Kaliamoorthy, Member IEEEAssociate Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringPSNA College of Engineering and Technology

Dindigul, Tamilnadu-624622Tel: 9865065166

E-Mail: [email protected],[email protected]:www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.com

Paper Number : 111

2011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]:www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.comPaper

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]:www.kaliasgoldmedal.yolasite.comPaper

Objectives of This Paper

• Design and development of solar powered single stage boost inverter forRL load

• Design of accurate PV module and improved MPPT algorithm usingEvolutionary Programming

• Comparison of closed loop controlling of boost inverter using-– PI controller– Sliding mode controller– MPPT algorithm

Presented By: M.Kaliamoorthy,AP,PSNACET,EEE

Low aim is a crime- Diode-John Ambrose Fleming-1904

• Design and development of solar powered single stage boost inverter forRL load

• Design of accurate PV module and improved MPPT algorithm usingEvolutionary Programming

• Comparison of closed loop controlling of boost inverter using-– PI controller– Sliding mode controller– MPPT algorithm


Contents of Presentation

• Simulation of accurate PV panel

• Simulation of improved maximum power point tracking algorithmusing Evolutionary Programming

• Analysis and simulation of open loop single stage PV fed boost dc-ac converter

• Developing sliding mode control and PI control for PV fed boostinverter

• Comparison of the results and conclusion


Model a Drop, To know the power of the OCEAN- Zener Diode –Clarence Melvin Zener-1915

• Simulation of accurate PV panel

• Simulation of improved maximum power point tracking algorithmusing Evolutionary Programming

• Analysis and simulation of open loop single stage PV fed boost dc-ac converter

• Developing sliding mode control and PI control for PV fed boostinverter

• Comparison of the results and conclusion


PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL WORKING PRINCIPLE


Workship the creator not his creation- Edmond Becquerel ,1889 Electricity From Sun


PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING


)1( DL IIIFrom the figure

Where I=Output Current In AmpsIl=light Current Or Photo Generated Current In AmpsID= Diode Current in amps

Reading is an adventure that never ends- Photo Voltaic Cell- Russell Ohl-1903


PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING Cont…

By Shockley equation, current diverted through diode is

1

/exp

qnkT

IRUII s

oD

Where Io= Reverse Saturation Currentn= Diode Ideality FactorK=Boltzmann’s ConstantT= Absolute Temperatureq= Elementary Charge


Where Io= Reverse Saturation Currentn= Diode Ideality FactorK=Boltzmann’s ConstantT= Absolute Temperatureq= Elementary Charge

For silicon of 250C nkT/q=0.0259 volts=α

1exp

soD

IRUII

Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Lead Acid Battery- Raymond Gaston Plante-1859



Substituting above equation in equation (1) we get

)2(1exp

soL

IRUIII


Where α=nkT/q is known as Thermal Voltage Timing Completion Factor

The four Parameters IL,Io,Rs and α need to be determined toStudy the I-U characteristics of PV cells

Look at your strengths and not your weaknesses- SCR-General Electric (GE)-1958



LIGHT CURRENT IL determination

refccSCIrefLref

L TTII ,,,

sheetdataermanufacturfromobtainedbecanandIBoth

)(A/currentcircuitshort theoftcoefficieneTemperatur

here)usedis(25eTemperaturReferenceT

re temperatucellPVT

)25and W/m(1000conditionreferenceatcurrentLightI

study)in thisusedis W/m(1000irradiancereference

)(W/mirradiance

SCI,refL,

0,

0refc,

c

02refL,

2ref

2

C

C

c

Where

SCI


sheetdataermanufacturfromobtainedbecanandIBoth

)(A/currentcircuitshort theoftcoefficieneTemperatur

here)usedis(25eTemperaturReferenceT

re temperatucellPVT

)25and W/m(1000conditionreferenceatcurrentLightI

study)in thisusedis W/m(1000irradiancereference

)(W/mirradiance

SCI,refL,

0,

0refc,

c

02refL,

2ref

2

C

C

c

Where

SCI

Success is a journey, Which has no Destination- Alternator-Nikola Tesla-1891



SATURATION CURRENT IO determination

273

2731exp

273

273 ,

3

,,

c

refc

ref

sgap

c

refcrefoo T

T

q

Ne

T

TII

conditionreferenceat theof valueThe

)10 x3(1.6021773electron theofChargeq

modulePV theofseriesincellsofNumberN

materials)Sifor(1.17eVmaterial theofgapBande

(A)conditionreferenceat thecurrentSaturationI

ref

19-

s

gap

refo,

C

Where


conditionreferenceat theof valueThe

)10 x3(1.6021773electron theofChargeq

modulePV theofseriesincellsofNumberN

materials)Sifor(1.17eVmaterial theofgapBande

(A)conditionreferenceat thecurrentSaturationI

ref

19-

s

gap

refo,

C

Where

ref

refoc,,,

Uexp

refLrefo II

ers)manufacturbyprovidedbe(WillV)condition(referenceat the

modulePV theofltagecircuit voopenThe, refocU

There is no age bar for learning- Electric Chair-Harold P.Brown-1888



Calculation of α

(A)conditionreferenceat thecurrentcircuitShortI

(A)conditionreferenceat thecurrentpointpowerMaximumI

(V)conditionreferenceat theagepoint voltpowerMaximum

1ln

2

refsc,

refmp,

,

,

,

,,

,

,,

refmp

refsc

refmp

refmprefsc

refsc

refocrefmpref

U

Where

I

I

II

I

UU


(A)conditionreferenceat thecurrentcircuitShortI

(A)conditionreferenceat thecurrentpointpowerMaximumI

(V)conditionreferenceat theagepoint voltpowerMaximum

1ln

2

refsc,

refmp,

,

,

,

,,

,

,,

refmp

refsc

refmp

refmprefsc

refsc

refocrefmpref

U

Where

I

I

II

I

UU

refrefcT

273

273T

asexpressedis whichre, temperatuoffunctionais

,

c

Knowledge is the antidote to fear – Electric Distribution System –Thomas Alva Edison - 1882



Calculation of Series Resistance Rs

Some manufactures provide value of Rs, if they do not provideIt can be calculated as follows

hereconstantas takenis

1ln

,

,,,

,

s

refmp

refmprefocrefsc

refmpref

s

R

I

UUI

I

R


hereconstantas takenis

1ln

,

,,,

,

s

refmp

refmprefocrefsc

refmpref

s

R

I

UUI

I

R

Thermal Model of Photovoltaic cell

)Module(mPVcell/ theofareaEffective

)mperature(Ambient te

)]. W/(t[coefficienlossheatOverallk

cellsPVofproductabsorbtionnceTransmitta

)].[J/(ecell/ModulPV theofareaunitpercapacityheatoveallThe

A

I x

2

0

20loss

,

20

,

A

cT

mc

K

mcC

TTKU

kdt

dTC

a

pvin

pv

aclosspvinc

pv

Present life is better than life coming in future – Robot- Jacques de Vaucanson-17382011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL PARAMETERS

IL,ref(ISC,ref) 2.664 A

αref 5.472 V

Rs 1.324 ΩUoc,ref 87.72 VUmp,ref 70.731 V

CPV 5 X 104 J/ (0c.m2)

A 1.5m2

Kin,pv 0.9Kloss 30 W/ (0c.m2)


Ump,ref 70.731 V

Imp,ref 2.448 A

Φref 1000 W/m2

Tc,ref 250c

Kloss 30 W/ (0c.m2)

Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement –Dynamo-Michael Faraday-1832


PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK


Better safe than sorry –Analog Storage Oscilloscope- Hughes-1957


PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODEL IN MATLAB/SIMULINK


Distance lends enchantment to the view –CRO- Karl Ferdinand Braun- 1897


CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTCELL TEMPERATURE

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

50

100

150

200

250

Voltage in Volts

Powe

r in

Wat

ts

Voltage Vs Power Characteristics

1400 W/Sq.M

1600 W/Sq.M

1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M

800 W/Sq.M

Constant Cell Temperature 25 deg Centigrade

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Voltage in Volts

Curre

nt in

secs

Voltage Vs Current Characteristics

1600 W/Sq.M

1400 W/Sq.M

1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M

800 W/Sq.M

Constant Cell Temperature of 25 deg Cent


Everyone wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die - Megger – Evershed - 1905

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

50

100

150

200

250

Voltage in Volts

Powe

r in

Wat

ts


1400 W/Sq.M

1600 W/Sq.M

1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M

800 W/Sq.M

Constant Cell Temperature 25 deg Centigrade

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Voltage in Volts

Curre

nt in

secs


1600 W/Sq.M

1400 W/Sq.M

1200 W/Sq.M1000 W/Sq.M

800 W/Sq.M

Constant Cell Temperature of 25 deg Cent


CHARACTERISTICS OF PV CELL AT CONSTANTIRRADIANCE

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Voltage in Volts

Powe

r In

Wat

ts


50 deg c

75 deg c

100 deg c125 deg c

150 deg c

Constant Irradiance of 1200 W/Sq.M

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Voltage in Volts

Curre

nt In

Am

ps


50 deg C

75 deg C

100 deg C125 deg C

150 deg C



Everything comes to him who waits -Ammeter – Edward Weston -1886

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Voltage in Volts

Powe

r In

Wat

ts


50 deg c

75 deg c

100 deg c125 deg c

150 deg c


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Voltage in Volts

Curre

nt In

Am

ps


50 deg C

75 deg C

100 deg C125 deg C

150 deg C



Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV cell UsingEvolutionary Programming


The fitness function used here in the program is to minimize the value of Imax andit is the function of irradiance and cell temperature.

IVPcTf

IPI ,,,,max

The main objective of the EP is to minimize the above fitness function.

Fish and guests smell after three days - Digital Multimeter –Fluke Electronics- 1969

Population Size : 40

Number of Iterations : 200

Number of Functional Evaluation : 8000

Mutation Scale :0.5

Control Variable Limits : [0 ,3.7]




10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4VI CHARACTERISTICS

Voltage in Volts

Cur

rent

in A

mps

1000 W & 25 deg C

1200 W & 25 deg C1200 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 75 deg C

Newton RaphsonEvolutionary Programming

Real MPP

History repeats itself - Electrolytic capacitor- Julius Edgar-1928


10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4VI CHARACTERISTICS

Voltage in Volts

Cur

rent

in A

mps

1000 W & 25 deg C

1200 W & 25 deg C1200 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 75 deg C


Real MPP



0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

50

100

150

200

250

300

350PV CHARACTERISTICS

Voltage in Volts

Po

we

r in

Wa

tts

1000 W & 25 deg C

1200 W & 25 deg C1200 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 75 deg C


Real MPP



0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

50

100

150

200

250

300

350PV CHARACTERISTICS

Voltage in Volts

Po

we

r in

Wa

tts

1000 W & 25 deg C

1200 W & 25 deg C1200 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 50 deg C

1400 W & 75 deg C


Real MPP



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

--> No. of iterations

-->

Ob

jec

tiv

e f

un

cti

on

Convergence Rate of the E P A lgorithm

V alue of Objec tive Func tion at Iteration

One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar – Electromagnetism –Maxwell-1865


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

--> No. of iterations

-->

Ob

jec

tiv

e f

un

cti

on

Convergence Rate of the E P A lgorithm

V alue of Objec tive Func tion at Iteration



Summary of Simulation results of different algorithmsWeather Conditions Rapson (NR) Evolutionary

Programming (EP)Real Maximum

Power Point% Error of Pmp

Irradiancein

W/Sq.m

Tempin deg

C

Vmp

(Volts)

Imp

(Amps)

Pmp

(Watts)

Vmp

(Volts)

Imp

(Amps)

Pmp

(Watts)

Vmp

(Volts)

Imp

(Amps)

Pmp

(Watts)

EP NR

1000 25 69.60 2.48 173.07 70.31 2.46 173.19 70.41 2.45 173.19 0 6.62e-41200 25 70.02 2.98 208.73 70.68 2.95 208.85 70.61 2.95 208.85 0 5.65e-4



1000 25 69.60 2.48 173.07 70.31 2.46 173.19 70.41 2.45 173.19 0 6.62e-41200 25 70.02 2.98 208.73 70.68 2.95 208.85 70.61 2.95 208.85 0 5.65e-41200 50 77.58 3.06 238.14 78.28 3.04 238.26 78.20 3.04 238.26 0 5.25e-41400 50 77.90 3.57 278.71 78.55 3.54 278.84 78.49 3.55 278.84 0 4.54e-41400 70 85.64 3.68 315.22 86.32 3.65 315.35 86.35 3.65 315.35 0 4.27e-4

Single Stage Boost Inverter


Modes of operation

Circuit implementation

Don’t sit like a rock work like a clock- Fluorescent Lamp –Edmund Germer - 1926


Modeling of Single Stage Boost Inverter

CBAVV

RC

VL

V

C

iL

V

V

i

RCC

LL

R

dt

dVdt

di in

L

L

aL

form theofisequationaboveThe

11

1

11

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

111

11

1

1


CBAVV

RC

VL

V

C

iL

V

V

i

RCC

LL

R

dt

dVdt

di in

L

L

aL

form theofisequationaboveThe

11

1

11

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

111

11

1

1

One today is worth than two tomorrows- Fuel Cell- Francis Thomas Bacon -1932


Modeling of Single Stage Boost Inverter

switchesofstatus theisWhere

1100

100

0011

001

12

1

2

11

2

1

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

122

22

111

11

2

2

1

1

RC

VL

VRC

VL

V

C

iL

VC

iL

V

V

i

V

i

RCC

LL

RRCC

LL

R

dt

dVdt

didt

dVdt

di

in

in

L

L

L

L

a

a

L

L

Similarly we can write the state space equations when switches S3 and S4are switched and the total state space equation is given by


switchesofstatus theisWhere

1100

100

0011

001

12

1

2

11

2

1

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

122

22

111

11

2

2

1

1

RC

VL

VRC

VL

V

C

iL

VC

iL

V

V

i

V

i

RCC

LL

RRCC

LL

R

dt

dVdt

didt

dVdt

di

in

in

L

L

L

L

a

a

L

L

A great talker is a great liar - Hall Effect- Edwin Hall -1879


Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volts

Output Voltage


0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085

-100

0

100

FFT window: 1 of 18 cycles of selected signal

Time (s)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

20

40

60

80

100

120

Harmonic order

Fundamental (60Hz) = 182 , THD= 5.32%

Mag

(% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l)

A man is as old as he feels - Hybrid Vehicle –Ferdinand Porsche-1899

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volts

Output Voltage

0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085

-100

0

100

FFT window: 1 of 18 cycles of selected signal

Time (s)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

20

40

60

80

100

120

Harmonic order

Fundamental (60Hz) = 182 , THD= 5.32%

Mag

(% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l)


Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature Continues….

0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12100

150

200

250

300

350

Time in secs

Vol

tage

in V

olts

Voltage across Capacitor 1

0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12100

150

200

250

300

350

Time in secs

Vol

tage

in V

olts


0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

Time in Secs

Cur

rent

in A

mps

Current Through Inductor 1

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

Time in Secs

Cur

rent

in A

mps



Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement- Logic gates-Charles Babbage -1837

0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12100

150

200

250

300

350

Time in secs

Vol

tage

in V

olts


0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12100

150

200

250

300

350

Time in secs

Vol

tage

in V

olts


0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

Time in Secs

Cur

rent

in A

mps


0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

Time in Secs

Cur

rent

in A

mps



Simulation ResultsWith Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature

Vol

tage

(V

)


0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.373.5

74

74.5

75

75.5

76

76.5

77

77.5

Time in Secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

PV cell output voltage for Different values of Irradiance

G=1000 W/sq.M G=1000 W/sq.M

G=700 W/sq.M G=700 W/sq.M

G=500 W/sq.M

PV panel voltageOutput voltage

Vol

tage

(V

)

Time (sec)

Believing in yourself is the first step to success- Neon Lamp –Georges Claude-1910

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.373.5

74

74.5

75

75.5

76

76.5

77

77.5

Time in Secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

PV cell output voltage for Different values of Irradiance

G=1000 W/sq.M G=1000 W/sq.M

G=700 W/sq.M G=700 W/sq.M

G=500 W/sq.M


Simulation ResultsWith Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature Continues…

Vol

tage

(V

)

Cu

rren

t (A

)


Capacitor voltage

Time (sec)

Vol

tage

(V

)

Inductor current

Time (sec)C

urr

ent

(A)

A hungry man is an angry man -Pager-Al Gross-1949


PI Controller Fed Single Stage Boost Inverter


Discretion is the better part of valor -Piezoelectricity-Pierre Curie-1880


Input voltageTime (sec)

Vol

tage

(V

)Simulation of PI Controller

With Constant Irradiance and Temperature


Output voltage

Input voltage

Time (sec)

Vol

tage

(V

)

Lightning never strikes twice in the same place -Relay-Joseph Henry-18352011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering

Simulation ResultsWith Variable Irradiance and Constant Temperature

S=1000W/sq.m

Vol

tage

(V

)

Vol

tage

(V

)


PV panel voltage Output voltage

S=500W/sq.m

Time (sec)

Vol

tage

(V

)

Time (sec)

Vol

tage

(V

)

Money makes the world go round - Thermo Electricity –Thomson Johann Seebeck-1821


Sliding Mode Controller

When good transient response of the output voltage is needed, a slidingsurface equation in the state space, expressed by a linear combination ofstate-variable errors (defined by difference to the references variables),can be given by

I

0, 221111 KKViS L

where coefficients K1and K2 are proper gains, is the feedback currenterror, and is the feedback voltage error, or

1


where coefficients K1and K2 are proper gains, is the feedback currenterror, and is the feedback voltage error, or

12

0, 121111

12

11

refLrefLL

ref

LrefL

VVKiiKViS

VV

ii

The system response is determined by the circuit parameters and coefficientsK1and K2 . With a proper selection of these coefficients in any operatingcondition, high control robustness, stability, and fast response can be achieved.

Never judge a book by its cover - Radio Guglielmo-19012011- IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering

Sliding Mode Controller Continued….


Sliding mode controller scheme

Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today - Remote Control –Nikola Tesla-1898


Simulation Results forSliding Mode Controller With Variable Irradiance


0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.573.5

74

74.5

75

75.5

76

76.5

77

77.5

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volts

PV Output Voltage For different irradiance

G=500W/sq.M

G=1000W/sq.M

0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volts

Output Voltage (PV) Sliding Mode Control

PV panel voltage

No one can make you feel inferior without your consent –Regenerative Circuit-Edwin Armstrong-1914

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.573.5

74

74.5

75

75.5

76

76.5

77

77.5

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volts

PV Output Voltage For different irradiance

G=500W/sq.M

G=1000W/sq.M

0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volts

Output Voltage (PV) Sliding Mode Control



continues….


0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

Output voltage across capacitors

Capacitor 1

Capacitor 2

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Time in secsInd

uctor

Cur

ents

in Am

ps

Inductor Currents in Amps

Inductor 1

Inductor 2

Opportunity never knocks twice at any man's door - Electron –Joseph John –Thomson-1897.

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

Output voltage across capacitors

Capacitor 1

Capacitor 2

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Time in secsInd

uctor

Cur

ents

in Am

ps

Inductor Currents in Amps

Inductor 1

Inductor 2



continues….


0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

-400

-200

0

200

Selected signal: 18 cycles. FFT window (in red): 1 cycles

Time (s)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

20

40

60

80

100

120

Harmonic order

Fundamental (60Hz) = 185.4 , THD= 1.20%

Mag

(% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l)

Practice makes perfect -Fax Machine-Alexander Bain-1842

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

-400

-200

0

200

Selected signal: 18 cycles. FFT window (in red): 1 cycles

Time (s)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

20

40

60

80

100

120

Harmonic order

Fundamental (60Hz) = 185.4 , THD= 1.20%

Mag

(% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l)


Simulation Results forSliding Mode Controller With Variable Temperature

continues….


0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

PV ouput Voltage For different Temperatures(Sliding Mode Control)

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.356

58

60

62

64

66

68

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volt

s

PV ouput for different Cell Temperatures

T=75 deg C

T=100 deg C

T=75 deg C

Seeing is believing -Electro Magnet-William Sturgeon-1825

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

PV ouput Voltage For different Temperatures(Sliding Mode Control)

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.356

58

60

62

64

66

68

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Volt

s

PV ouput for different Cell Temperatures

T=75 deg C

T=100 deg C

T=75 deg C


Simulation Results forSliding Mode Controller With Variable Temperature

continues….


0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

Capacitor Voltages

Capacitor 1

Capacitor 2

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.30

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Time in secs

Vol

tage

in V

olts

RMS Value of Output Voltage ( Sliding Mode control)

Set a thief to catch a thief -Transistor-Brattain Walter-1947

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Time in secs

Volta

ge in

Vol

ts

Capacitor Voltages

Capacitor 1

Capacitor 2

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.30

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Time in secs

Vol

tage

in V

olts

RMS Value of Output Voltage ( Sliding Mode control)


Controller Output THD Settling time Inputcondition

Atmospheric condition

Open loop AC with constant RMS ≈ 5 ≈0.01 s ConstantVph and Iph

Constant irradiation (G) andtemperature (T)

Open loop AC with changing RMS ≈9 ≈0.01 s Varying Vphand Iph

Varying G / T

Comparisons


Open loop AC with changing RMS ≈9 ≈0.01 s Varying Vphand Iph

Varying G / T

PI AC with almost constant RMS ≈2 ≈0.005s Varying Vphand Iph

Varying G / T

SMC AC with constant RMS ≈1.5 ≈0.002s Varying Vphand Iph

Varying G / T

Attack is the best form of defence -Darlington Pair-Darlington Sidney-1953


Conclusions

•Simple and reliable operation

•The cost of this inverter is relatively low as minimum number of power devicesare used

•Closed loop controlling improves the reliability and dynamic stability

•Closed loop controlling using MPPT is simple and more reliable compared toall other controllers


•Simple and reliable operation

•The cost of this inverter is relatively low as minimum number of power devicesare used

•Closed loop controlling improves the reliability and dynamic stability

•Closed loop controlling using MPPT is simple and more reliable compared toall other controllers

Ask no questions and hear no lies -Hysterisis- Ewing James Alferd-1890



Success is a journey, Which has no Destination

THANK YOU


PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODELING


Reading is an adventure that never ends

0

0ln

c ph cc s c

AkT I I IV R I

e I

2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies

Where:

( )ocT oc v x cV V k T T

x s c T xI I S

Vmpp=33.7VImpp=3.56Voc=42.1Isc=3.87nc=72ki=0.065 x 10-2 %/0Ckv=-160 x 10-3 %/0Ckp=-0.5 x 10-2 %/0C

Temperature and Irradiance Dependence

Datasheet values


Where:

x s c T xI I Sln

Voc VocscT sVt Vt

t

I R

Vx s x x sc

xsc

I R I e I e I e

VI

D x ct

A k T nV

e

Vmpp=33.7VImpp=3.56Voc=42.1Isc=3.87nc=72ki=0.065 x 10-2 %/0Ckv=-160 x 10-3 %/0Ckp=-0.5 x 10-2 %/0C

Knowledge is the antidote to fear



S= 1000

S= 700

Look at your strengths and not your weaknesses

S= 500


S= 1000

S= 700


S= 500

Success is a journey, Which has no Destination2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies


T= 25

T= 40

The race of quality has no finish line

T= 60



T= 40

What you do today is getting you closer to what you want to be tomorrow

T= 25

T= 60


Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature

Vol

tage

(V

)

Output voltage THD of output voltageTime (sec)

Success is a journey, Which has no Destination


Simulation ResultsWith Constant Irradiance and Temperature Continues….

Vol

tage

(V

)

Cu

rren

t (A

)

Capacitor voltage Inductor current

Time (sec)

Time (sec)C

urr

ent

(A)

Be willing to accept temporary inconvenience for permanent improvement


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