Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress

26-30 November 2012, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Thailand

2074

Growth Estimation of Madura and Limousin Cross Madura Cattle

in Pamekasan District

S. D. Volkandari, T. Hartatik and Sumadi

Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The research was conducted to know growth estimation of Madura and Limousin cross Madura

(Limura) cattle on Pamekasan district, East Java Province, Indonesia. Samples for the research

were 99 Madura cattle and 63 Limura cattle which both divided into two groups (1-2 years and

3-4 years). Sampling method were purposive sampling that directly come to the farmers who

hold those cattle. Body measurement was analyzed by t-test. The result showed that body

measurement of Limura cattle was higher than that of Madura cattle. Body measurement of

Limura cattle for first group (1-2 years): body lenght were 116.90 ± 12.75 cm, heart girth

were 149.64 ± 16.13 cm, withers height were 118.40 ± 9.05 cm, height at hip were 121.19 ±

8.74 cm. Body measurement of Limura cattle for second group (3-4 years): body lenght were

130.62 ± 10.61 cm, heart girth were 165.86 ±14.68 cm, withers height were 127.67 ± 9.09 cm,

height at hip were 129.24 ± 8,77. While body measurement of Madura cattle for first group

(1-2 years): 108.37 ± 11.85 cm, heart girth were 137.21 ± 15.41 cm, withers height were

115.45 ± 9.83 cm, height at hip were 113.19 ± 8.02 cm. Body measurement of Madura cattle

for second group (3-4 years): body lenght were 121.19 ± 10.62 cm, heart girth were 151.97 ±

16.14 cm, withers height were 122.21 ± 9.16 cm, height at hip were 118.26 ± 7.88 cm.

Conclusion, growth estimation of Limousin cross Madura cattle was greater than that of

Madura cattle. Body measurement of Madura cattle has increased but can not reach of body

measurement according to criteria of Standar Bibit Nasional in 1982.

Key Words: Growth estimation, Madura cattle, Limousin cross madura cattle,

Pamekasan district

INTRODUCTION

Madura cattle is one of the Indonesian cattle breed that has been popular in Madura island

especially in traditional activity, like “Karapan Sapi” (bull racing). Madura cattle spread over

several regions in Indonesia such as Madura Island (Bangkalan district, Sampang district,

Pamekasan district, Sumenep district), East Java, the Sapudi Island, West Kalimantan, Aceh,

Central Java, East Nusa Tenggara, Lampung, West Sumatra, West Java, South Sulawesi,

South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, North Sumatra, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan,

Jambi, Yogyakarta and North Sulawesi (Soehadji, 1992 cit Gunawan, 1993). Madura cattle

are local cattle in Indonesia which has demonstrated a uniform shape. Farmer in Madura

island used two breed of beef cattle i.e Madura and Limura cattle. Limura cattle is crossbred

cattle between Limousin bull and Madura dam by artificial insemination (AI). The purpose of

the crosses program was to increase the the performance of the local cattle. Limura cattle

spread on several region in Madura island i.e Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep

district. Population of Madura cattle on 2010 and 2011 was 7272 cattle and 7609 cattle

respectively while Limura cattle was 117508 cattle and 119905 cattle respectively. Growth

percentage of Madura and Limura cattle was 1% and 2.26% per year respectively (Anonymus,

2011).

Growth trait is one of most important trait in breeding cattle in Indonesia. Meaning of growth

was size change i.e weight change, shape, linear dimension and body composition (Lawrie,

Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress

26-30 November 2012, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Thailand

2075

1998; Soeparno, 1998). The growth of the calf is perhaps the most important factor for meat

productivity in production systems (Corrêa et al., 2006). Body measurements of beef cattle

are used for several purposes, including prediction of growth rate, body condition,

conformation and carcass traits (Brown et al., 1973; Doren et al., 1989; Wilson et al., 1997).

The process of growth experienced by cattle was started from the beginning until the moment

of conception until the calf was born and continues until it reaches mature. Growth rate was

controlled by environmental conditions that cause sigmoid curve of cattle growth. The growth

of Madura and Limura cattle in various age groups is important to be observed. One of the

ways to estimate the growth so that got a general description of the growth estimate of

Madura and Limura cattle. Data of growth estimate can be used to evaluate the growth of

Madura and Limura cattle in Madura Island. The purpose of this study to obtain a growth

estimate of Madura and Limura cattle as additional information about the Indonesian local

cattle.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The research was conducted in the small holder at Pamekasan district, East Java Province,

Indonesia on March 2012. Sample of the research is divided into two groups i.e 1-2 years and

3-4 years. The first group (1-2 years) of Madura and Limura cattle was 56 and 42 head,

respectively. The second group (3-4 years) of Madura and Limura cattle was 43 and 21 head,

respectively. Sampling method to collect the sample used purposive sampling (direct to

farmer).

Growth estimation of Madura and Limura cattle

Growth estimation of Madura and Limura cattle was obtained by body measurement. The

body size data included: body length, heart girth, withers height and height at hip. The body

length (absolut) was the straight distance that measured between Tuberculum lateralis to

Tuberculum ischiadicum. Heart girth is the length of the circular (the circumference) as

measured on chest that right in the back of withers on the rib (costae) 3-4. Height of withers is

straight distance from the plane to the highest point in withers. Height at hip was obtained by

measuring the distance from the plane until the highest point of the hip. Data of body

measurement was taken with parallelogram (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Body measurement of Madura and Limura cattel. 1: withers height;

2: body length; 3: height at hip; and 4: heart girth

Statistic Analysis

Growth estimation of Madura and Limura cattle was determined by t-test analysis. Data is

presented in average and standard of deviation.

Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress

26-30 November 2012, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Thailand

2076

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The following are the results of statistical analysis of body measurement of Madura and

Limura cattle in first group (1-2 years) and second group (3-4 years) which presented in

Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 Body measurement of Madura and Limura cattle

in first group (1-2 years)

Parameter Breed P

Madura (n=56) Limura (n= 42)

Body Length (cm) 108.37 ± 11.85a 116.90 ± 12.75

b 0.001

Heart girth (cm) 137.21 ± 15.41a 149.64 ± 16.13

b 0.000

Withers height (cm) 115.45 ± 9.83 a 118.40 ± 9.05

b 0.000

Height at hip (cm) 113.19 ± 8.02a 121.19 ± 8.74

b 0.000

different superscript in the same row indicating significant difference (p<0.05)

Table 2 Body measurement of Madura and Limura cattle

in second group (3-4 years)

Parameter Breed P

Madura (n=43) Limura (n=21)

Body Length (cm) 121.19 ± 10.62a 130.62 ± 10.61

b 0.001

Heart girth (cm) 151.97 ± 16.14a 165.86 ± 14.68

b 0.001

Withers height (cm) 122.21 ± 9.16a 127.67 ± 9.09

b 0.028

Height at hip (cm) 118.26 ± 7.88a 129.24 ± 8.77

b 0.000

different superscript in the same row indicating significant difference (p<0.05)

Based on statistical analysis showed that body measurement between Madura and Limura

cattle is significantly different (P<0.05) in first group (1-2 years) and second group (3-4

years). Body measurement of Limura cattle was higher than that of Madura cattle. This is

presumably because of the Limura cattle have a part of genetic of Limousin breed where

Limousin breed was categorized as large weight groups of livestock. The growth rate of large

type cattle was faster than that of small type acttle. Similar results were also obtained by

Hartatik et al. (2009) where the body measurement of Limousin-Madura cattle is greater than

that Madura cattle.

In generally, body measurement of Madura cattle for first group (1-2 years) in this research is

greater than body measurement of Madura cattle which is reported by Siregar et al., 1985 and

Aisyah, 2000. Those previous research shows that body length (107.80±10.40 cm for males

and 106.0 ± 12.50 cm for females), heart girth (132.70 ± 127.50 cm for males and 127.50 ±

12.20 cm for females), withers height (108.80 ± 8.30 cm for males and 106.0 ± 7.30 cm for

females) and body length (111.59 ± 8.39 cm for males and 109.08 ± 7.52 cm for females),

heart girth (128.91 ± 11.80 cm for males and 129.72 ± 12.25 cm for females), withers height

(102.23 ± 9.31cm for males and 102.48 ± 11.88 cm for females), respectively.

Body measurement in this research was lower than Standar Bibit Nasional (Direktorat Jendral

Peternakan, (1982) cit Aisyah, 2000) where in Standar Bibit Nasional had body length (126

cm for males and 116 cm for females), heart girth (156 cm for males and 146 cm for females),

and withers height (110 cm for males and 105 cm for females). Body measurement of Madura

Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress

26-30 November 2012, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Thailand

2077

cattle in Pamekasan district can not reach of body measurement according to criteria of

Standar Bibit Nasional in 1982. Body measurement of Madura cattle can be increased by

genetic improvement (selection and arrangement of mating), improving the quality of feed,

healthy, and maintenance management.

In conclusion, body measurement of Limousin cross Madura cattle in first group (1-2 years)

and second group (3-4 years) is greater than that of Madura cattle. Body measurement of

Madura cattle has increased but it can not reach of body measurement according to criteria of

Standar Bibit Nasional in 1982.

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Anonymus. 2011. Livestock Population Data. Pamekasan Livestock Service. East Java

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