ABSTRACT BOOK - Universitetiuni-prizren.com/repository/docs/ABSTRACT_BOOK_307604.pdf5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ,

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ABSTRACT BOOK

8th

BALKAN ANIMAL SCIENCE

CONFERENCE BALNIMALCON 2017

6-8 SEPTEMBER 2017

Venue

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University „‟Ukshin

Hoti‟‟ Prizren, Prizren KOSOVA

www.uni-prizren.com

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ISBN :

Toprak Ofset

Matbaacılık Ortacami Mah. Çınarlıçeşme Sk. No:6/A Süleymanpaşa – Tekirdağ

Tel : + 90 282 263 58 49 [email protected]

4

8 th BALKAN CONFERENCE ON ANIMAL SCIENCE

organized by

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences „‟Ukshin Hoti‟‟ Prizren, Prizren Kosova in

cooperation with Namık Kemal University, Republic of Turkey

Honorary Board

NAME UNIVERSITY COUNTRY

Prof. Dr. Ramё VATAJ Rector, University "Ukshin Hoti",Prizren Kosovo

Prof. Dr. Marjan DEMA Rector, University of Prishtina Kosovo

Prof. Dr. Osman ġĠMġEK Rector, Namık Kemal University,Tekirdağ Turkey

Congress Chairmans

NAME UNIVERSITY / FACULTY COUNTRY

Prof. Dr. M. Ġhsan SOYSAL Namık Kemal University,

Faculty of Agriculture

Turkey

Prof. Asst. Dr. Bekim GASHI University "Ukshin Hoti" Prizren,

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences

Kosovo

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Organizing Committee

NAME UNIVERSITY-MINISTRY COUNTRY

Prof. Asst. Dr. Bekim GASHI Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,

University "Ukshin Hoti”, Prizren

Kosovo

Prof. Dr. M. Ġhsan SOYSAL Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ

Turkey

Dr. Sadik IDRIZI Vice Rector for International Cooperation and Quality

Assurance, University "Ukshin Hoti”, Prizren

Kosovo

Asst. Prof. Dr. Malush

MJAKU

Acting Dean of Faculty of Life and Environmental

Sciences, University "Ukshin Hoti”, Prizren

Kosovo

Prof. Dr. Ahmet

ĠSTANBULLUOĞLU

Dean of Agriculture Faculty, Namık Kemal

University, Tekirdağ

Turkey

Prof. Dr. Isa ELEZAJ Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences,

University of Prishtina

Kosovo

Asst.Prof.Dr. Isuf LUSHI Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,

University "Ukshin Hoti",Prizren

Kosovo

Asst.Prof.Dr. Shukri

MAXHUNI

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,

University "Ukshin Hoti",Prizren

Kosovo

Prof. Assoc. Dr. Hysen

BYTYQI

Department Livestock Sciences, Faculty of

Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina

Kosovo

Msc. Kaplan HALIMI Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry

and Rural Development

Kosovo

Asst. Prof. Dr. Soner

YILDIRIM

Chief of Study Programmes in Turkish Language,

University "Ukshin Hoti", Prizren

Kosovo

Asst. Prof. Dr. Recep SIRALI Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Zootechnics,

Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ

Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emel

ÖZKAN ÜNAL

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal


Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eser Kemal

GÜRCAN

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal


Turkey

Asst. Prof. Dr. Süleyman

KÖK

Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetic and

Bioengineering Trakya University, Edirne

Turkey

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Conference Website: http://balnimalcon.nku.edu.tr/

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Scientific Committee

NAME UNIVERSITY COUNTRY

Prof. Asst. Dr. Bekim GASHI University "Ukshin Hoti" , Prizren Kosovo

Prof. Dr. M. Ġhsan SOYSAL Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey

Prof. Dr. Ahmet

ĠSTANBULLUOĞLU

Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey

Prof. Dr. Isa ELEZAJ University of Prishtina Kosovo

Prof. Dr. Muhittin ÖZDER Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey

Asst. Prof. Dr. Isuf LUSHI University "Ukshin Hoti", Prizren Kosovo

Prof. Dr. Hasan Ersin ġAMLI Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey

Prof. Dr. Kristaq KUME Alexandër Moisiu University, Durrës Albania

Asst. Prof.Dr. Serdar GENÇ Ahi Evran University, KırĢehir Turkey

Prof. Dr. Andreas

GEORGOUDIS

Aristotle University, Thessoloniki Greece

Prof. Dr. Cengiz ELMACI Uludağ University, Bursa Turkey

Prof. Dr. Drago KOMPAN University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana Slovenia

Prof. Dr. Zafer ULUTAġ Ömer Halis Demir University, Niğde Turkey

Prof. Dr. Horia GROSU University of Agricultural Sciences and

Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest

Romania

Prof. Dr. Naci TÜZEMEN Kastamonu University, Kastamonu Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dimitar

PANAIOTOV

University og Trakia Bulgaria

Prof. Dr. Ünsal DOĞRU Atatürk University, Erzurum Turkey

Asst. Prof. Dr. Shukri

MAXHUNI

University "Ukshin Hoti", Prizren Kosovo

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Asst. Prof. Dr. Afrim HAMIDI University of Prishtina Kosovo

Prof.Assoc.Dr. Hysen

BYTYQI

University of Prishtina Kosovo

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CONTENTS

10

GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

11

BM8_O2915

Characterisation of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) Gene Polymorphism of

Donkey (Equus Asinus) Populations in Thrace Region of Turkey

Raziye IġIK1

Fulya ÖZDIL2 Emel ÖZKAN ÜNAL

3

Güldehen BILGEN4 Sezen ARAT

5

*: [email protected]

1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey

4: Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ġzmir, Turkey

5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify allelic and genotypic distribution of polymorphism in

acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene in Equus asinus populations in

Thrace region of Turkey. DGAT1 is considered as an important genetic marker in milk yield

and content at cattle. Lately, some studies were handled on goat and sheep to expose single

nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) that might effect on production traits. A total of 85 donkey

samples from three different populations in Trace region of Turkey were used. DGAT1 gene

(GenBank NW_014636647.1) was amplified and digested with EaeI restriction enzyme and

the same gene region was sequenced. It was concluded that the association

between DGAT1 gene polymorphism and production traits was required to evaluate in

donkeys. Thus, DGAT1 gene could be used as molecular markers in milk content and yield in

donkeys.

This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.

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Keywords: DGAT1, Donkey, PCR-RFLP, DNA Sequencing, Thrace Region of Turkey

13

BM8_O2692

Association Between GHRH, GHR Genes Polymorphisms and Growth in Cattle

Süleyman Kök1* Sertaç Atalay

2


1: Trakya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics And Bioengineering, Edirne, Turkey

2: Trakya Universitesi Institu of Scienve and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Edirne,

Turkey

Abstract

The growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) gene codes the GHRH, which is secreted by

the hypothalamus and stimulates growth hormone secretion. The growth hormone receptor

(GHR) gene encodes the transmembrane receptor for the growth hormone. GHR is a

transducer for growth hormone action and thus GHR plays major role in growth,

differentiation and developmant. GHR is expressed in various tissues, but especially in the

liver. Investigation of polymorphisms in GHRH and GHR genes may be beneficial for

understanding how genotypes influence phenotypes for growth and carcass composition in

cattle. Because growth is critical to the economical efficiency of cattle production, there has

been great interest in genomic structure influencing growth traits. Measurement of

phenotypic traits such as growth and carcass characteristics are expensive and difficult so it is

important to find the quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with these properties. It is

important that the detected QTLs are also investigated in indigenous cattle breeds throughout

the world. These studies are important not only for the validation of QTLs but also for the

protection of genetic diversity. The object in this paper is to provide information on growth-

related SNPs in the GHR and GHRH genes for use in future MAS studies.

Keywords: Cattle, Growth, GHR, GHRH, QTL

14

BM8_O2836

An Investigation of Growth Hormone (GH) , Leptin Receptor (LPR) and Prolactin

(PRL) Genes Polymorphism in Poulrty Species

Firdevs Korkmaz1* ġeref Mücahit Topaloğlu

2 Berrin Okuyucu

3

Ayla Fidan4 Hasan Ersin ġamlı

5 Emel Özkan Ünal

6


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey




5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ , Turkey


Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of some poultry breeds (broiler -

layer chicken and quail), based on the growth hormone (GH), leptin receptor(LPR) and

prolactin (PRL), genes. To study the polymorphisms in these genes, the polymerase chain

reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods was performed. A 776 bp fragment of GH, a

501 bp fragment of LPR, and 439 bp fragment of PRL genes were amplified via PCR.

Comparative sequence analysis of GH, PRL and LP-R fragments in different chicken and

quail samples revealed different number of SNPs. The aligned DNA sequences of the 776 - bp

fragment of GH region showed total of 12 SNPs. All of them are noncoding SNPs. 16 SNPs

were detected in LEPR, 9 SNPs in PRL gene. The results of the present study will contribute

to the polymorphism data on the world‟s some poultry species/breeds. Furthermore, the

above-mentioned SNPs of poultry species are evaluated in relation to their genetic diversity,

and to infer their meat and egg production properties on the basis of the available literature.


Keywords: Gallus Gallus , Courtnix Courtnix Japonica, PRL, GH, LPR

15

BM8_O2783

Using Chaid Analysis for Dairy Parameters in Holstein Cattle

Serdar Genç1* Aziz ġahin

2 M. Ġhsan SOYSAL

3, Murat Karaağaç

1


1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey

2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

CHAID is a technique that recursively partitions a population into separate and distinct

segments called nodes. These nodes are split in such a way that the variation of dependent

variable is minimized with in the segment and maximized among the segments. In this study,

records of milk and fertility yield of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle reared in a dairy farm were

evaluated. For this purpose, data were taken from the Turkish Central Union of Cattle

Breeders. Total of 962 lactation records were determined. The 305-day milk yield (305

DMY), lactation length (LL) and lactation number (LN) as milk production traits and the

season (S), age (A), calving year (CY) and calving interval (CI) as the reproductive traits were

used. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the 305 DMY and 6 independent

variables (LL, LN, S, A, CY, CI) using CHAID analysis. Results showed that LL was primary

and LN and CY were secondary variables affecting 305 DMY.

Keywords: Holstein Friesian, Dairy Cattle , Chaid Analysis , 305-Day Milk Yield

16

BM8_O2721

Milk Yield Characteristics and Liveweight of Indigenous

Şavak Akkaraman Sheep of Turkey

Serdar Yağci1* Sinan BaĢ

2


1: Republic of Turkey Ministry Of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, Ankara, Turkey

2: KahramanmaraĢ Sütçü Ġmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KahramanmaraĢ,

Turkey

Abstract

With this study, it is aimed to present the intoductory information for the first time about

Shavak sheep which is very important in cheese production. Shavak sheep that is variety of

Akkaraman, native breed of Turkey, are bred at province of Erzincan, Elazığ, Tunceli and

Munzur valley. The name of Shavak sheep is from Shavak tribe living in region. The Shavak

tribe is a family breeding ewes during long years in this region. The population of Shavak

sheep is continiously improved in terms of milk yield by breeders because it is bred for milk

production.

The Shavak ewes have generally smaller body than Kangal and the other Akkaraman

varieties. Their wool is longer and brighter than the other varieties. However, there are more

splash called as „basma‟ on head of ewes. The “tulum cheese” production is highly important

because this region is center of the cheese production. Therefore, these cheeses are producted

in the region is named as “Erzincan tulum cheese” or “Shavak tulum cheese”.

Milking of ewes started after weaning (approximately 45 days) is continued up to beginning

months of October. Therefore, the Shavak ewes have longer milking period than the other

varieties of Akkaraman. This situation is exact opposite of practices made related with

milking in the other regions of the country. The majority of produced milk is used

manufacturing cheese.

In this study, means of the liveweight in ġavak Akkaraman was found 50.52±0.64 kg for ewes

and 76.71±1.35 kg for rams. Lactation length and lactation milk yield was calculated

205.78±2.03 days and 88.77±3.53 kg, respectively.

Keywords: ġavak Akkaraman, Milk Yield, Live weight

17

BM8_O2646

Partial Characterization of Cmcase, Xylanase And Lichenase Enzymes Produced by

Newly Isolated Bacillus Sp. Cxl

Makbule Baylan1* Bahri Devrim Ozcan

2 Numan Ozcan

3


1: Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Dept. of Basic Sciences, Adana, Turkey

2: Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department Of Biology, Osmaniye, Turkey

3: Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey

Abstract

In the study, cellulase, xylanase and lichenase producing bacterium Bacillus sp. CLX was

isolated from the soil samples collected from agricultural greenhouse. The optimum enzyme

activities were observed at 50 ºC for CMCase and lichenase, whereas at 40 ºC for xylanase.

On the other hand, optimum pH values for CMCase, xylanase and lichenase were 8.0, 6.0 and

7.0, respectively. CMCase, xylanase and lichenase were showed 71, 63, and 78% residual

activity after pre-incubation at 80 ºC for 15 min, respectively. The relative residual activities

between 40-80 ºC were occurred as 84.4, 86.6, and 92.6%, in the same order. Maximum

CMCase, xylanase and lichenase productions of isolate were observed after 36, 24, and 12

hours later from inoculation time. All three enzyme activities were stimulated by CaCl2,

MnCl2, CoCl2, and MnCl2, whereas inhibited by HgCl2, and FeCl33. While ZnCl2 and EDTA

stimulated the CMCase and xylanase activities, CuCl2 stimulated CMCase and lichenase. If

xylanase activity is accepted as 100%, the activities of CMCase and lichenase in comparison

to the xylanase remain 34 and 56%, respectively.

Keywords: Bacillus Sp, Cmcase, Xylanase, Lichenase, Characterization

18

BM8_O2909

Developments in Broiler Performance Characteristic

Ahmet Uçar1* Serdar Özlü

2 Mesut Türkoğlu

3


1: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey

2: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Ankara, Turkey


Abstract

Meat-type chickens have been intensively selected for over 60 years. Modern broiler strains

reach 1500 g body weight in 28 days, compared to 120 days needed in 1925. Improvement in

body weight of the genotypes which have been used for broiler production in last 60 years is

about 360 % and 87 %, the feed conversion ratio decreased from 2.1 to 1.6 and 84 % of this

is because of the development in genetics. The progress of hatching eggs (175 eggs), hatching

egg weight (64.2 g) and hatchability (84.8%) has been observed. Selection of meat-type

chicken has primarily focused on growth rate and improving body composition. One of the

first challenges as a result of selection for quick growth, is that of increased carcass fat

deposition. Increased body size and muscularity of broiler breeder males may impair the

ability to successfully transfer sperm and complete matings. This problem was followed by an

increase in incidence of physiological leg problems. Additional problems have surfaced

regarding immune function, skeletal disorders, livability, and in the breeder level reproductive

troubles. The negative correlation between reproductive and growth features limits the

advancement to be achieved of development.

Keywords: Broiler, Breeding, Performance, Developments, Challenges

19

BM8_O2801

Usability of Ridge Regression in the Existence of Multicollinearity for Body

Measurements in Saanen Kids

Cem Tirink1* Samet Hasan Abacı

2 Hasan Önder

3


1: Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey

2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Samsun, Turkey

3: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey

Abstract

One of the biggest problems in the least squares (LS) multiple regression models, is

multicollinearity. multicollinearity problem can be eliminated using Ridge Regression (RR),

which is a biased estimation method, and it is possible to obtain models that have more

reliable determination coefficient (R2). It is aimed in this study to examine the usability of

ridge regression in the existence of multicollinearity on the effect of some biometric

measurements (height at withers and rumps, body length, chest width, chest girth and chest

depth) on body weights obtained from 40 Saanen kids. The multicollinearity problem was

determined between height at withers and height at rump to estimate body weight, due to

Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) value was higher than ten. This multicollinearity problem has

been eliminated using the RR. It was observed that the standard errors of coefficients obtained

from RR were decreased according to LS estimations. R2 was determined as 0.88 from LS

method and the R2 was determined 0.875 with k=0.0136 from RR method. Results showed

that the model obtained from RR model was more reliable than LS.

Keywords: Least Squares Multiple Regression Model, Multicollinearity, Ridge regression

20

BM8_O2739

Accuracy of Phenotypic and Genomic Breeding Value Prediction in Different Sample

Size for Holstein Cows

Samet Hasan Abacı1* Hasan Önder

2



2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey

Abstract

This study aims to comparison of accuracy on phenotypic and genomic breeding value

prediction for different sample size. Genomic and phenotypic breeding value has been

estimated for partial milk yield (158 day) of Holstein cows (400 individuals) from a private

company in USA. Populations were created as reference (322-360) and test (78-40)

populations, respectively. In this study, Bayes (A, B, C, Cpi) and GBLUP for genomic

selection and BLUP methods were compared. Animals were genotyped with 54k SNPs. The

marker input file was coded as -10, 0, and 10 for marker genotypes AA, AB, and BB. Bayes

methods and GBLUP were performed using the software GenSel 4.55. A total of 50,000

iterations were used, with the first 5000 excluded as the burn-in. BLUP for partial milk yield

in Holstein cows were estimated by REML using MTDFREML software employing with

animal model. Correlations between partial milk yield and estimated breeding values in test

populations were used to assess predictive ability. As a result BLUP method gave the highest

accuracy in the presence of pedigree. The Bayes A method gave better results in analyzes

without pedigree. Also it was determined that the accuracy of the methods increases as the

reference population increases.

Keywords: Bayes, BLUP, Breeding value, Genomic selection

21

BM8_O2772

Usage of Factor Scores in Multiple Regression for Live Weight Estimation in Şavak

Akkaraman Lambs

Adile Tatliyer1* Sinan BaĢ

2 Serdar Yağci

3


1: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Science Department,

KahramanmaraĢ, Turkey

2: KahramanmaraĢ Sütçü Ġmam Üniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KahramanmaraĢ,

Turkey

3: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

The objective of this study to estimate live weight from 12 different morphological body traits

of ġavak Akkaraman lambs three different period using factor scores in multiple regression to

remove multicollinearity problem. For this purpose, a total 159 lambs data was used for each

period. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure test and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were used for

appropriates of factor model. At each period, factors which were eigenvalues greater than 1

were selected in the Varimax rotation factor analysis. In the first period that is after birth

(app.11 days), 2 factors explained approximately 71% of total variation in live weight and 2-

factor scores were used to estimate live weight with multiple regression and R2 was found as

80%. Second period (weaning period), 3 factors explained approximately 63.3 % of total

variation in live weight and 3-factor scores were used to estimate LW with MR and R2 was

found as 45%. Third period (beginning of grazing), 4 factors explained approximately 68.3 %

of total variation in live weight and 4-factor scores were used to estimate LW with MR and R2

was found as 57 %. The results showed that using of body measurements could provide

knowledge to breeders for effective breeding programs.

Keywords: Factor scores analysis, Multiple regression, Multicollinearity, ġavak akkaraman

lambs

22

BM8_O2677

Identification of the Genetic Polymorphism for STAT1 and STAT5A Genes in Holstein,

Jersey and Turkish Native Cattle Breeds

Ozden Cobanoglu1* Eser Kemal Gürcan

2 Ertuğrul Kul

3

Samet Hasan Abacı4 Soner Cankaya

5


1: Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Genetics, Bursa, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey

3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dep. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey


5: Ordu University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Biostatistics,, Ordu, Turkey

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic polymorphism in terms of the STAT1

and STAT 5A gene for native cattle breeds and dairy cattle breeds in Turkey. The study was

carried out native cattle breeds as Native Black, East Anatolian Red and Grey Steppe

nevertheless dairy cattle breeds as Holstein from two different regions (Black Sea and

Marmara Region) and Jersey, respectively. The expected deviations from the Hardy-

Weinberg Equilibrium were found significant for only Jersey breeds (P<0.01) for STAT1

gene. As the same time, Holstein (Black Sea Region) (P<0,05), Grey Steppe (P<0,01) and

Native Black (P<0,05) in terms of the STAT5A gene, respectively. The FIS values were

estimated for the STAT1 and STAT5A genes all population, respectively. This value was

determined to STAT1 gene as negative all breeds except for Holstein (Marmara Region).

Similarly, this value was determined to STAT5A gene as positive all breeds except for

Holstein (Black Sea Region).The genetic distances for two loci were found between 0.0029

and 0.159 among the populations. Based on the cluster analysis, Holstein (Black Sea Region)

with Native Black and East Anatolian Red with Holstein (Marmara Region) was located in

close cluster; however Grey Steppe and Jersey were grouped in different clusters. Finally,

genetic polymorphism and genetic relationships were compared among the breeds for STAT1

and STAT5A genes.

♦The study was supported by Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Research Grant Committee

(TOVAG) of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with

project number #110 O 821.

Keywords: STAT1, STAT5A, Genetic polymorphism, genetic relationships, cattle, breeds

23

BM8_O2696

Relationship Between Prolactin Gene Polymorphism and Fertility in Karya Sheep

Onur Yilmaz1 Orhan Karaca

2 Ibrahim Cemal

3 Nezih Ata

4*


1: Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey

2: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey

3: Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey


Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine prolactin gene polymorphism and the association of

reproductive traits such as litter size and ovulation rate with genotypes of prolactin gene in

Karya sheep by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragments Length

Polymorphisms). A new allele that previously it is not mentioned in the literature, which is

called as "D", have been identified in this study. Allele frequencies for A, B, C and D were

found to be 0.466, 0.327, 0.124 and 0.083, respectively. It was found that allele A and B of

prolactin gene was the most common alleles. Nine genotype (AA, AB, ABC, AC, AD, BB,

BC, BD ve CC) was determined for prolactin gene in Karya sheep. AA and AB was the most

common genotypes of prolactin gene in Karya sheep population. It was found that genotypes

had a significant effect on litter size and ovulation rate. Particularly, animals with the AD

genotype showed higher values both of litter size (1.83) and ovulation rate (3.66) than the

other genotypes. In order to reveal more concrete information, there is need to sequencing for

the Prolactin gene. Results obtained from this study will provide a significant contribution to

the literature.

Keywords: Prolactin, Karya Sheep, Fecundity, Ovulation Rate

24

BM8_O2866

Molecular Phylogenetic Analyse of Native Black Sheep in Turkey Based on

Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene

Huseyin Erdem Erten1* Selahattin Kiraz

2


1: Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey

2: Harran University, Agricultural Faculty, Deparment of Animal Science, Sanliurfa, Turkey

Abstract

In this research, determination of phylogenetic tree of Native Black Sheep of Mersin province

in Turkey using molecular techniques was the main goal. Blood samples were collected for

genomic DNA isolation. In DNA samples, mitochondrial Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene region

were amplified by applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and gene sequence

information of PCR products were obtained. Number of polymorphic site (S), number of

haplotypes (h), haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. In

Native Black Sheep, DNA polymorphism based on Cyt b gene sequence, total number of site,

number of polymorphic site, number of haplotype, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity

values were found to be 420 bp, 3, 3, 0.667±0.044, 0.00141±0.00013, respectively. In sheep,

genetic distance between haplotypes ranged from 0.0000-0.0036. Phylogenetic analyses based

on DNA polymorphism in Cyt b gene region were performed to research the phylogenetic

structure in sheep. In phylogenetic analyses; UPGMA (Un-weighted Pair Group Method with

Arithmetic mean) method and Kimura-2-parameter model were used in order to show the

genetic relationship in Native Black Sheep.

Keywords: Native black sheep, mtDNA, phylogenetic

25

BM8_O2748

Estimation of Live Weights at the Beginning and the End of Grazing Season in Tuj

Lambs Via Scores of Factor Analysis

Mehmet Sarı1* Kadir Önk

2 Ġsmayil Safa Gürcan

3


1: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Burdur,

Turkey

2: Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Kars, Turkey

3: Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics , Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Study was conducted in order to eliminate multicollinearity between body measurements of

Tuj lambs and to estimate their live weights at the beginning and the end of grazing season

using factor analysis scores, which were determined calculating some body measurements, in

multiple regression model. For this purpose, the material of the study consisted of 297 Tuj

lambs born between 2009 and 2013. Live weights of lambs at the beginning and the end of

grazing season and some body measurements (body length, withers height, chest girth, chest

depth, circumferences of cannon forelimb and cannon hind limb) were used in the

study. Factor analysis scores were used to determine the estimated equation between the

characteristics. It was determined that there was a multicollinearity between circumference of

cannon forelimb and circumference of cannon hind limb measured at the beginning of grazing

season. Problem of multicollinearity between independent variables was eliminated by using

factor scores determined by factor analysis in multiple regression models. Consequently, two

factors were detected from results of factor analysis applied to body measurements to

determine live weights of Tuj lambs at the beginning and the end of grazing season. These

factors for beginning and the end of grazing season were found to explain 84.8% and 78.9%

of total variance, respectively. Thereby, it was revealed that more accurate estimations could

be made by using factor analysis scores in estimating live weights of Tuj lambs at the

beginning and the end of grazing season. In addition, it was concluded that applying factor

analysis scores derived from independent variables decreased mistake in the model according

to least squares method.

26

Keywords: Tuj lamb, live weight at the beginning of grazing season, live weight at the end of

grazing season, factor analysis

BM8_O2653

Determination of the Genetic Polymorphism for GHR Gene in Holstein, Jersey and

Turkish Native Cattle Breeds

Ozden Cobanoglu1 Eser Kemal Gürcan

2* Ertuğrul Kul

3

Samet Hasan Abacı4 Soner Cankaya

5


1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Genetics, Bursa, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Facuty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey

3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dep. Of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey

4: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science , Samsun, Turkey

5: Ordu University, Faculty Of Medicine, Dept. Of Biostatistics,, Ordu, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the genetic polymorphism in point of the GHR gene

for native cattle breeds and dairy cattle breeds in Turkey. The study was carried out native

cattle breeds as Native Black (80), East Anatolian Red (70) and Grey Steppe (92) therewithal

dairy cattle breeds as Holstein (467) and Jersey (276) animal, respectively. The FIS values of

the populations for the GHR gene were detected negative except for Grey Steppe and Native

Black. FIS value was found 14% and negative with reference to heterozygote genotype was

higher than homozygote genotypes in overall population. The expected deviations from the

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in terms of the GHR locus were found significant in these

different breeds (P<0.05) except for Native Black. The genetic distance values among the

populations were calculated between 0.0004 and 0.1881. Based on the cluster analysis,

Holstein and East Anatolian Red were located in close cluster; however Jersey, Native Black

and Grey Steppe were grouped in different cluster. As a result; the GHR gene polymorphism

was determined for five cattle breeds and genetic relationships were compared among the

breeds.

♦The study was supported by TOVAG of TUBITAK with project number #110 O 821.

27

Keywords: GHR, Genetic polymorphism, Genetic relationships, Dairy cattle, Native breeds

BM8_O2757

The Distribution of Lambings in A Day of Daglıc Ewes

Tülay Canatan1* ġükrü Dursun² Necdet Akay

1 N. KürĢat AKBULUT

1


1: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey

2: Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Aksaray-

Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the some reproductive data of Daglıc sheep breeding in a private sheep farm in

Tatköy village in Selçuklu province of Konya were evaluated. For this purpose, the effects of

dam age, lamb sex, type of birth and birth time of the year of birth on the research were

examined. Within a day, birth time was categorized into 4 sub- groups; namely, 22:01-04:00,

04:01-10:00, 10:01-16:00 and 16:01-22:00 hours,respectively. The chi-square (c2) test was

used to determine whether dam age, lamb sex, birth type and year factors had effects on the

birth time periods during the day.In the study of two years, 173 female and 182 male lambs

were born from 355 lambing. The numbers of single and twin born lambs were 311 and 44.

Generally, 33,8% off all the births was intensively 04:01-10:00 hours, but 18,9% was 10:01-

16:00 hours. The effects of dam age, birth year, lamb sex, type of birth on birth time were

significant (P<0.05).

28

Keywords: Sheep, Daglıc, Birth time, lamb sex, type of birth

29

BM8_O2771

Genetic Diversity of Karayaka Sheep Breed in Samsun, Turkey

Koray Kırıkçı1* Mehmet Akif Çam

2 Levent Mercan

3


1: University, Kirsehir, Turkey

2: University, Samsun, Turkey

3: University, Samsun, Turkey

Abstract

Karayaka sheep is one of the native animal genetic resources of Turkey reared at the coastline

of Black Sea Region. Karayaka sheep constitute about 4-5% of total sheep population of

Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of Karayaka sheep

populations reared in the Samsun province of Turkey. In this study, non-related animals from

Karayaka sheep breed were analyzed by using 9 microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic

diversity. A total of 72 alleles were determined with an average of 8 per locus. The highest

number of allele (12) was observed for locus BM1314, while the lowest (4) was observed for

locus CSSM47. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values ranged from 0.359 at locus

CSSM47 to 0.855 at locus BM1314 with an average of 0.689. The value of expected

heterozygosity (He), which is the best estimator of genetic diversity in the population, ranged

from 0.654 at locus BM757 to 0.867 at locus BM1314 with an average of 0.723, whereas for

the observed heterozygosity (Ho) from 0.125 at locus CSSM47 to 0.438 at locus BM757 and

HUJ616. The Wright‟s fixation index (FIS) values ranged from 0.360 at locus BM757 to 0.833

at locus OARFCB304. The results obtained from this study showed that Karayaka sheep

population had high genetic diversity and the studied markers were highly informative.

Keywords: Karayaka sheep breed, genetic diversity, microsatellite markers

30

GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

31

BM8_P2841

The Determination of Some Environmental Factors’ Effects on Birth Weight and

Weaning Weight of Karacabey Merino Sheep Raised in Tekirdağ Province of Turkey

Mehmet Ġhsan Soysal1* Eser Kemal Gürcan

2 Emel Özkan Ünal

3


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey



Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine some environmental factors‟ effects on birth weight

and weaning weight in Karacabey Merino sheep in Tekirdağ. Birth records were obtained

from 6129 lambs in totally. The whole records were grouped according to gender of lamb,

birth type, enterprises and location of enterprise in Tekirdağ. The study was realized at 46

enterprises and 31 varied location in Tekirdağ. The effects of these characters were detected

on the birth and weaning weight of lambs with the Least Squares Means Method. This method

showed that the effects of birth type, enterprises and location of enterprise were found

significant on birth weight and weaning weight (P<0.01). Furthermore, the least squares

means of birth weight and weaning weight were found non-significant as 4.422-4.433 and

35.152-35.237 kg for female and male animal, respectively. Similarly, the least squares means

of birth weight and weaning weight were found significant as 4.547-4.377 kg and 34.827-

35.075 kg for single and twin birth type, respectively (P<0.01).


Keywords: Birth weight, Weaning weight, Karacabey merino sheep , The least squares

means method

32

BM8_P2813

Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle

Serdar Genç1* Aziz ġahin

2 M.ihsan Soysal

3 Murat Karaağaç

4


1: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept Of Agricutural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey

2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty Of Agric.dept. Of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey

4: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept Of Agricutural Biotechnology, KırĢehir, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of study was introduced to genomic selection and genomic breeding value (GEBV).

Traditional estimation breeding value (EBV) which use sire, dam that were relationship

matrix, some phenotypic traits and mixed models. EBV can not determine specifically traits in

genome also. In outbreeding populations, the incorporation of molecular information in

breeding programs on the basis of the linkage analysis. The main emphasis of this study is the

use of SNPs to directly compute EBVs of animals, which are often called direct genomic

breeding values (DGV). This is usually combined with some measure of the traditional EBV,

say parent index, from an animal model to produce what is termed genomic breeding values

(GEBV), which are officially published and used for the selection of animals. The use of

GEBV in the selection of animals has been referred to as genomic selection. Genomic

selection requires that markers (SNPs) are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the QTLs

across the whole dairy cattle population.

Keywords: Dairy cattle , Breeding value , Genomic breeding value, Genomic selection

33

BM8_P2812

Advantages and Limitations of Genomic Selection

Zühal Gündüz1* Onur Yilmaz

2 Sabri Gül

3 Mahmut Keskin

4

Orhan Karaca5 Osman Biçer

6


1: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey




5: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey


Abstract

Information on phenotypes and pedigrees are used to predict breeding values in traditional

selection programs, until recently. For the last two or three decades, information on DNA

variation has used on the purpose of more accurate breeding value. Genome-wide association

studies (GWAS) have a major role in animal production systems. It utilizes molecular genetic

markers to design new breeding programs for genetic evaluation. The genomic information

provides shorter generation interval and faster genetic improvement in production systems.

For this purpose, in this review advantages and limitations of genomic selection will be

discussed.

Keywords: GWAS, Breeding value, Genetic improvement

34

35

BM8_P2705

GH- MSPI Polymorphism in Turkish Native Cattle Breeds

Yasemin Öner1

Onur Yılmaz2 Candan EriĢ

1 Nezih Ata

2

Cihan Ünal2 Seyrani Koncagül

3


1: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey


3: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Growth Hormone is important for cell differentiation and proliferation. Due to its critical

functions for organism gene encodes growth hormone has been intensively investigated in

animal breeding field. In this study GH-MspI polymorphism was investigated in five Turkish

native cattle breeds. Blood samples of Yerli Kara (YK), Boz ırk (BI), Yerli Güney Sarısı

(YGS), Güney Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (GAK), Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) were taken

from their original geographic regions. Total 199 animals were analyzed by PCR-RFLP

method to reveal GH-MspI polymorphism. All populations were found as polymorphic. Two

alleles and three genotypes were detected in GH-MspI locus. Allele A was predominant in

four of the investigated breeds and its frequency varies between 0.400-0.875 among breeds.

All populations were found at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for GH-MspI locus.

This work was financially supported by the Scientific Research Council of Uludag University

(Project number: KUAP 2015/80)

Keywords: Polymorphism, Native breeds, Growth hormone, cattle

36

BM8_P2709

The Determination of Gender and Variety Effects on Lifespan of Juvenile Guppy

(poecilia Reticulata Peters, 1860) With Survival Analysis

Eser Kemal Gürcan1* Çetin Yağcilar

2 Emre Tahtabiçen

3

Eyüp Erdem Teykin4 Hasan Salih YaramiĢ

5



2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal University Vocational School of Technical Science,dept.of Feed Technology And Animal

Nutrition, Tekirdağ, Turkey

4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag, Turkey

5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture,dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

The study was aimed to answer the question whether the determination of gender and variety

effects on lifespan of Juvenile Guppy (Poecilia reticulata PETERS, 1860) with survival

analysis. Survival analysis is used very frequently in medical and biological science. Also,

this method is applicable easily to detect for lifespan and effects of some factors on lifespan

for animals. For this reason, lifespan was obtained for every Juvenile Guppy as individually.

All animals were raised in the same situation in separately aquarium. All animals were

grouped according to gender and variety factor. The gender and variety effect on lifespan

were found very important as statistically (P<0.01). Average lifespan were calculated as

314.61 ± 14.35 day in generally. Lifespan of female and male animals were detected as

349.50 ± 27.91 and 290.62 ± 13.64, respectively. Similarly, short and long lifespan were

found as 262.40 ± 20.22 and 376.31 ± 26.46 day for variety of redgrass and crossbred,

respectively. At the same time, a application of survival analysis was done in Juvenile

Guppy‟s lifespan in ichthyology.


37

Keywords: Survival Analysis, Kaplan- Meier, Juvenile Guppy , Ichthyology, Lifespan

BM8_P2839

Mitochondrial DNA Genetic Diversity of Donkey (Equus Asinus) Population in

Kirklareli Province Donkey Farm

Emel Özkan Ünal1* Erkan Yalçin

2 Eser Kemal Gürcan

3 M.ihsan Soysal

4



2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Sciences, Edirne, Turkey


4: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty of Agric.dept. of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), because of its unique features (maternal inheritance, relatively

fast rate of evolution and lack of recombination) is widely used to unveil the recent

evolutionary history of domestic animals through the maternal line. In this study, for the first

time, Anatolian donkey population mtDNA was sequenced for 383 bp of the D-loop region

for 59 unrelated individuals and, for 313 bp of the cytochrome b gene (Cyto-b) for 53

unrelated individuals. Individuals were sampled from Kırklareli province donkey farm. In

total, ten haplotypes were observed for mtDNA D-loop region that were defined by 18

polymorphic sites. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity estimated from

mtDNA D-loop region in Kırklareli province donkey farm were 0.800±0.058 and 0.01842 ±

0.00134, respectively. Again, for the Cyto-b gene, nine haplotypes were identified in

Kırklareli province donkey farm and they were defined by 4 polymorphic sites. The average

haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity estimated from Cyto-b gene were 0.681±0.055

and 0.00498±0.00048, respectively. Kırklareli province donkey farm population showed high

haplotype and moderate nucleotide diversity. According to the analysis results of mtDNA D-

loop region it was found to be divided into two groups of donkeys . It was found that while 24

donkeys in the first group have close genotypes to Spain, France, China and Serbia donkeys,

35 donkeys in the second group have quite different genotypes. According to the analysis

results of mtDNA cytochrome b 24 donkeys in the second group phylogenetically differ from

the other 35 donkeys. It was seen that donkeys in both groups phylogenetically take place in

close groups to China, Mongolia, Portugal and Denmark donkeys.


Keywords: Donkey, mtDNA, D-loop, cytochrome b, polyporphism, haplotype, origin

38

BM8_P2832

Observation of The Exchanges of The Courtship Behaviors In Reproduction of Oscar

(astronotus Ocellatus) Fishes

Çetin Yağcilar1* Cemal Polat

2




Abstract

Reproduction is defined as the survival of a living thing. Every creature that completes its

growth and development has the ability to reproduce. Living creatures with reproductive

ability form similar individuals to themselves and on this basis they continue their generation.

Generaly Reproduction is; The increase in the number of living beings, either sexually or

asexually, occurs in a variety of ways in a population of single-celled organisms, invertebrates

and vertebrates. Among the reproductive behaviors, the most remarkable one is the behavior

of the courtship. Many of the vertebrates are known for their prevalence of pre-reproductive

behavior. Behaviors of the courtship is like a protection of the individulas not fighting before

reproduction or aggressive behaviors. In this study; It is aimed to monitor the exchange

behavior between the male and female fish and the clearing of breeding area in the

environment of the female and male fish in the appropriate temperature range after the male

and female fishes observed in the oscar fishes.

39

Keywords: Reproduction, behaviors, courtship, oscar fish

BM8_P2797

Classification of Dairy Cattle Population in Middle and West Anatolian Provinces by

Multi-dimensional Scaling Method

Aziz ġahin1* Serdar Genç

2 Ertuğrul Kul

3 Zafer UlutaĢ

4 Emre Uğurlutepe

5



2: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept of Agricutural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey


4: Omer Halisdemir University Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Niğde, Turkey


Abstract

In this research, Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis analysis which included in the

multivariate statistical methods were comparatively evaluated for showing investigation of

dairy cattle population of in Middle and West Anatolian Provinces in Turkey. Data were

obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute including number of cattle during year 2016. For

this purpose, 23 provinces in Middle and West Anatolia were compared. Multidimensional

scaling method attempts to find the structure in a set of distance measures between objects or

cases. For this reason number of cattle and milk production were classified. Result of study

showed that 2 province (Konya and Balıkesir) split from others about number of cattle and

milk production. Coefficient of Stress were 0.01028 and Residual Sum Square were 0.99980

determined. This study aimed good correspondence and data matrix in order to get the correct

results.

40

Keywords: Dairy cattle, multi-dimensional scaling, multivariate classification

41

BM8_P2795

Description of Some Parameters for Anatolian Buffaloes Using by Factor Analysis

Aziz ġahin1* Serdar Genç

2 Ertuğrul Kul

3 Zafer UlutaĢ

4 Arda

Yıldırım5 Emre Uğurlutepe

6 Ozden Sarikaya

7



2: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept of Agricutural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey


4: Omer Halisdemir University Department Of Animal Production And Technologies, Niğde, Turkey

5: Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tokat, Turkey


7: General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

The clarification of the some traits that contribute to describing milk quality is difficult due to

the high degree of correlation among these traits. In this instance, one of the best methods of

statistical processing is factor analysis, which belongs to the multivariate groups; for current

research this particular statistical approach was used. A total of 614 Anatolian buffalo raw

milk samples were evaluated. This study evaluated the factors influencing (lactation number,

farm, village, lactation period, calving age) the variation in the non fat dry matter, fat, protein

and lactose content of milk in Anatolian Buffaloes, using multivariate factor analysis. Factor

analysis was performed by applying axis orthogonal rotation; the analysis grouped the milk

components into three latent or common factors. The first, which was explained 26.4% of the

total covariance, were dry matter, protein and lactose content. The second factor explained

14.7% and third was 13.5% of the total covariance were cage and non fat dry matter

respectively. First three latent or common factors were explained 54.6% of the total

covariance communality. The multivariate factor analysis method was effective in describing

the quality of Anatolian buffalo milk. These new variables have been useful for quantitate and

qualities aspects of milk production in Anatolian buffalo.

Keywords: Anatolian Buffalo, Milk Parameters, Factor Analysis

42

BM8_P2917

Honey Bee Gene Resources and Hybridization in Turkey

Recep Sirali1*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zootechnical Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Honeybee is spread all over the world and is adaptive to various climate conditions. But in

some regions there are wild forms and different species, races and ecotypes around the world.

The main reason for the difference between honeybee races is the different genetic makeup.

Honeybee forms that have adapted to different climatic conditions have emerged entirely

under their own selection rules and measures. Climate, vegetation and natural harmful

presence have created different bee races in different geographies. Each bee race has the

chance to live more efficiently and higher in its geographical region. In other words, it cannot

be expected that the bee race which is productive in another region will be at the same

efficiency level in every respect.

Turkey, one of the most important gene centers in the world, is the main land of Caucasian

and Anatolian bee races. These two bee races have been used in breeding studies due to their

important properties. For this reason, all bee races in this region need to be protected and

smoothed. However, in recent years, uncontrolled queen production, colony sales and mobile

beekeeping have disappeared in Turkey. The appearances of the honeybees in the original

region are not very different from each other but the variation is increased in

different locations. This variation differs from the natural variation and has been influenced

by humans.

The introduction of queen, colony, drone or mobile beekeeper should not be permitted in any

other way in the territory where bee races in our country maintain their existence. The

necessary legal arrangements must be made in order to protect these valuable bee races which

have been formed in Turkey for thousands of years. In order to prevent the disappearance of

existing honeybee genetic resources, it is always preferable to utilize efficient bee colonies

belonging to local bees.


43

Keywords: Honey Bee, Honey Races, Gene Resources, Hybridization, Turkey

44

BM8_P2652

Investigation of Prolactin Gene Polymorphism in Pekin Ducks

Ebru Keskin1 Cengiz Elmaci

2*


1: Uludag University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey

2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey

Abstract

Prolactin (PRL) has important functions in the reproduction of avian species. A numbers of

the reported about effects of prolactin are related with growth and development. The main

objective of our study was detection of PRL/XbaI and PRL/PstI gene polymorphism in Pekin

ducks. Two pairs of primers were used to reveal single nucleotide polymorphisms of intron 1

and exon 5 of PRL gene of 161 ducks by PCR-RFLP methods. Only the amplified products

from intron 1 showed polymorphism. Three genotypes (GG, TG, TT) at PRL/XbaI locus and

one genotype PRL/PstI locus were detected. The allele frequencies G and T at PRL/XbaI

locus were 0.4938 and 0.5062, respectively. Results of the chi-square fitness indicated that

studied Pekin ducks was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this site.

Keywords: Ducks, prolactin gene, genetic polymorphism, PCR-RFLP

45

BM8_P2647

Isolation of Keratinase Producing Bacteria and Increasing of Enzyme

Production by Molecular Methods

Meryem Karadagli1 Bahri Devrim Ozcan

2*


1: Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey

2: Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Faculty of Arts And Sciences, Department of Biology, Osmaniye, Turkey

Abstract

In the present study, three keratinolytic Bacillus strains were isolated from the feather

containing soil samples collected from the poultry enterprise of Çukurova University. The

isolates were entitled as Bacillus sp. MK1, MK2, and MK3, respectively. The optimum

enzyme activities were observed at 40°C for MK1 and MK3 keratinases whereas 50 ºC for

MK2 keratinase. Similarly, optimum pH value for MK1 and MK3 keratinase was 9.0,

whereas 8.0 for MK2 keratinase. The specific activities of MK1, MK2, and MK3 keratinases

were 2.76, 0.77 and 5.48 U/mg protein at 40°C, respectively. Maximum enzyme productions

of isolates were observed after 36 hours for MK1, and 24-36 hours for MK2, and MK3. Over-

expressing mutant varieties MK1-M3, MK1-M4 and MK1-M5 from MK1, MK2-M3 and

MK2-M4 from MK2, and MK3-M1, MK3-M3, MK3-M4 and MK3-M5 from MK3 were

obtained after EtBr treatment. MK1-M3, MK1-M4, MK1-M5, MK2-M3, MK2-M4, MK3-

M1, MK3-M3, MK3-M4 and MK3-M5 have produced 186, 117, 133, 144, 171, 122, 116, 214

and %187 keratinase according to their own wild type strains, respectively. PMSF, urea,

CaCl2 and Tween 80 were determined common activators for all enzymes. However, EDTA

has also inhibited all these three enzymes. According to BLAST analysis, Bacillus sp. MK1

rDNA sequence was similar to B. subtilis NCDO 1769 rDNA sequence at the rate of 96%. On

the other hand, Bacillus sp. MK2 and MK3 rDNA sequences were similar to B. subtilis NRRL

B-4219 and B. tequilensis 10b rDNA sequences at the rate of 99%, and B. subtilis SBMP4

rDNA sequence at the rate of 98%.

Keywords: Bacillus sp., keratinase, isolation, characterization, mutation, etbr

46

BM8_P2644

An Overview on Cryobiological Researches in the Field of Aquaculture in Turkey:

Advances and Main Challenges

Yusuf Bozkurt1* Ġlker YavaĢ

2


1: Iskenderun Technical University, Fac. of Marine Science And Technology, Hatay, Turkey

2: Mustafa Kemal University,faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept.of Reproduction and Art. Ins., Hatay, Turkey

Abstract

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in Turkey reaching great results in the

European fish market for both marine and inland aquaculture. The cultured species are

rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus

aurata), blue-fin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis),

sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) and striped sea bream (Lithognathus olivieri).

Furthermore, experimental farming of alternative species such as turbot (Psetta maxima),

sturgeon speciess (Acipenser spp.) and native marine trout species (Salmo trutta spp.) are

performed under culture conditions.

In Turkey, cryobiological researches have mainly focussed on cryogenic or non-cryogenic

preservation of oocytes and spermatozoa of freshwater fish species in aquaculture until now.

Especially, researches on sperm cryopreservation of fish have been increasing in investigated

species. So far, successful cryobiological experiments on chilled or cryopreservation of

gametes in aquatic species were carried out with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown

trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Salmo trutta fario), Abant trout (Salmo trutta abanticus),

mirror and scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), goldfish

(Carassius auratus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), African catfish (Clarias

gariepinus), seabream (Sparus aurata), shabout (Barbus grypus) and turbot (Psetta maxima).

On the other hand, in spite of increasing of cryobiological researches in the field of

aquaculture, there is lack of standardization of cryoprotocols due to displaying some changes

among the species and also the quality of frozen/thawed sperm has not yet reached a

satisfactory level in some aquatic species arising from differentiation in sperm quality among

species and also mechanism of cryopreservation protocols.

Keywords: cryoconservation, aquaculture, fish species, spermatozoa, oocytes

47

BM8_P2738

The Role Of Salts Stress In Seed Imbibitions In Maize (zea Myas L.) Genotypes

Sali Aliu1* Mimoza Jakupi

2 Imer Rusinovci

3

Shukri Fetahu4 Dukagjin Zeka

5


1: University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture, Prishtina, Kosovo

2: University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo




Abstract

The aim of research were to be analyzed and tested of two hybrid maize with different origins

for energy and germination in different concentrations of Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and

sodium chloride (NaCl), and the seed imbibation ability for each seed in hybrid genotypes; H-

1 (OSSK-596) and H-2 (EX-508).A Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the

effect of water stress in seed of six local bean populations with different treatments (T1=24 h;

T2=48h; T3=72 h). The experiment was set up randomized complete block design (RCBD)

with three replicates.The concentrations of CaCl2 and NaCl salts was : sodium chloride

(NaCl), 50 mM; 100 mM; 200 mM and 400 mM calcium .Kloruri (CaCl2), 50 mM; 100 mM;

200mm and 400 mM. Results showed that water stress treatments significantly (LSDp=0.05)

was in treatment T1 after 24, than 48 and 72 hours.For NaCl the differences were on higher

significance. The value of standard error (SE) was of 0.0032 (DM) to 0.014 after 72 hours.

But higher values for standard deviation and e Coefficient of variation (%) is determined

after 48 hours (SD = 0.058), and CV (%) after 72 hours worth 31.8%. For CaCl2

concentration the differences were also with higher significance.The SE was 0.0036 (DM)

till 0316 after 72 hours. The highest value for the standard deviation in the coefficient of

variation (%) is determined after 48 hours (SD = 0.06817), and CV (%) after 72 hours on

value 27.23%.

48

Keywords: maize ,seed,water,strees,germination,coefficient,imbibitaions

49

BM8_P2937

Some Meat Quality Traits of Local Geese in Different Feather Color Varieties

Mehmet Akif Boz1* Umut Sami Yamak

2 Musa Sarıca

3 Fatih Öz

4


1: Bozok University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey

2: Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Animal Sci. Dep., Samsun, Turkey

3: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, Turkey

4: Atatürk University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Erzurum , Turkey

Abstract

In this study, some meat properties of geese having different feather color and produced by

farmers were determined. The animal material of this study was consisted of male and female

geese which were 28 weeks aged and multicolored, White, Black and Gray feather colored.

Nutrients, fatty acids, cholesterol and amino acid content in skinless thigh and breast meat and

also cholesterol and fatty acids in thigh skin, breast skin and abdominal fat were described.

While the effects of variety and sex on fat ratios in nutrient composition were significant, the

effects of these on dry matter, protein and ash were not found significant. Also total and index

values consisted of fatty acids composition showed differences according to the varieties, the

effect of sex on these properties were not significant. The total amino acid compound in

breast meat was higher in multicolored variety, as it was higher in thigh meat of black variety.

The effect of sex was not significant on content of amino acids. The effects of sex and variety

on cholesterol were not found significant.

As a result, various feather color varieties and sex had effects on some meat quality traits of

geese which affect consumer preferences. The further breeding studies should be carried out

with considering these results.

Keywords: Geese, quality of meat, fatty acid, Aminoacid, Cholesterol, Nutrient Composition,

Production Systems

50

BM8_P2827

Freshwater Ornamentals Fish Breeding With Ovaprim

Çetin Yağcilar1* Cemal Polat

2


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Different cultivation environments are used for semi-intensive or intensive production in

ornamental fish breeding. Cultivation can be done in glass aquariums, plastic tanks or

concrete pools. Although many knowledge of aquaculture is available, large-scale aquaculture

must have detailed knowledge of biology, living standards, nutrition and recreation of these

fish. For example, it is necessary to know the conditions of breeding of the fishes which will

be produced. In ornamental fish breeding, Ovaprim (a stable solution that contains OvaRH

and a dopamine inhibitor.) is an ovulation and spermatism substance that is used to help

ovulation, especially in fishes that are difficult to breed in aquarium conditions. Ovaprim is

used for Koi, Goldfish, freshwater shark and many other types of ornamental fish. In this

study, Ovaprim Hormone is used with Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the freshwater shark

Challenger fish (Pangasius sanitswongi) to improve ovulation.

Keywords: Ornamental fish, breeding, ovaprim, ovulation, goldfish, challenger fish

51

BM8_P2741

The Morphometric Characterization of Populations of the Donkey Farm in the City of

Kirklareli in terms of Various Body Measurament

Erkan Yalçin1* Mehmet Ġhsan Soysal

2 Eser Kemal Gürcan

3


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture Dept. Of Animal Sciences, Edirne, Turkey



Abstract

This study was carried out with the donkeys being grown on Koruköy donkey farm in

Kırklareli. In the study the birth weights of 18 newborn donkeys were measured, the heights

to withers, rump, back, coccyx and seat tuber height apart from body length, chest

circumference, chest depth, seat tuber width, ear and head length of 40 donkeys selected from

different age groups were taken. Milk samples taken from 5 donkeys in the business in 15-day

periods from the 4. day after birth were examined in terms of fat, protein, lactose, dry matter

and ash contents.

Keywords: Donkey, Morphometric Characterization, Donkey Milk, Kirklareli Donkey Farm

52

BM8_P2864

Comparison Of Honey Bees Of Trace Region And (apis Mellifera L.) and Yığılca

Ecotype By Using Morphometric Methods

Davut Gür1* M. Ġhsan Soysal

2 Meral Kekeçoğlu

3


1: Gida Tarim Ve Hayvancilik Bakanliği, Ankara, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty of Agric.Dept. of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey

3: Düzce University, Fakulty of Science, Dept. of Biology, Düzce, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the honey bee biodiversity of

Thrace and Yığılca provinces by applying geometric morphometric methods. Totally 2641

worker honeybees were collected from 95 colonies in 19 different apiaries. The wing shape

morphology of honey bee population of Turkey was examined by geometric morphometric

analysis using the coordinates of 19 landmarks located at vein intersections of the right wing.

After obtaining the wings images, the vein junctions were detected automatically.

Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Univariate analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were

performed on the data obtained from the colony averages by SPSS.15 package program.

Honeybee population of Tekirdağ, Kırklareli and Yığılca could be distinguished depending on

their wing structure. Some of the angle (A1, A4, B4, D7, E9, H12, J16, M17, Q26) and length

ratio (CI, RI) values among the intersection points of wing vein showed the significant

differences between honeybee population (P<0,005). Acoording to cross validation test of the

colonies from Yığılca, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ, honeybee colonies were correctly classified

within their original groups at 92.6 %. The results of the present study indicated that

geometric morphometrics analysis can be very powerful in exploring intra-specific variation

at the population level and it is largely employed in evolutionary studies concerning honey

bees ıf combined with other approaches such as classical morphometrics and molecular

markers.

Keywords: honey bee,bıodivercıty,geometric morfometri,turkey

53

BM8_P2928

Morphometric Traits of Turkish Saanen Goats as Measured by an

Image Processing Method

Engin Seçkin1 Aynur Konyali

2*


1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

2: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Depr.of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey

Abstract

Dairy goat production has increased during the last decade. Introduction of novel breeds to

new locations has also become a widespread application. This has given rise to crossing these

animals with local breeds. Turkish Saanen goat is one of such cross-breeds.. Çanakkale

province is the breeding center of Turkish Saanen goat for Turkey. This study was conducted

to characterize Turkish Saanen goat in Çanakkale. For this, traditional measuring methods and

an image processing technique were compared. Animal material consisted of 55 adult

Turkish Saanen dairy goats, located at the Research Farm of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart

University. Thirteen morphological parameters were manually measured and then animals

were kept in a stand, and then photographed. The morphological parameters were studied in

computer by examining the photographs. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation. Wither

height, body length, rump height, sternum height, body depth, ear length, rump width, head

width, rump length, head length and udder traits were measured manually as well as with the

image processing method. The results of this study showed that there was a highly significant

correlation between the measurement methods evaluated. Image processing technique can be

successfully used with high accuracy for many traits, although it should be used with extra

care to measure wobbly body parts such as ear, and the traits that needed a 3-dimensional

measurement such as rump depth.

Keywords: image process, turkish saanen goat, rump width, body length

54

BM8_P2805

Estimation of Variance Components and Genetic Parameters for the Various Body

Measurements in Turkish Arabian Horse

Serdar Duru1* Süleyman Can Baycan

2 Nazlı Özhelvacı

3

Burak Gündoğan4 Hilal Akgun

5






5: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Bursa , Turkey

Abstract

In this study, variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for various body

measurements in Turkish Arab horse. For this purpose, the body measurements of 47 sires

and 398 dams of 912 Arab horses between 2008-2014 in Turkey were evaluated. First, the

data were analyzed in the SPSS in the GLM procedure with variance analysis to determine the

fixed factors to be included in the model. Variance components and genetic parameters were

estimated with REML also breeding values in BLUP animal model using MTDFREML. The

effects on all body measurements of herd, year, sex and age were found significant (P <0.01).

Least squares means for withers height, heart girth circumference, and cannon bone

circumference were found 150.64 cm, 172.32 cm and 19.01 cm, respectively. The

heritabilities for the same traits were estimated 0.30, 0.47, 0.27 in univariate analysis, for the

bivariate analysis 0.52, 0.47, 0.36. Maternal heritabilities were found to be 0.14, 0.12, 0.0 for

withers height, cannon bone circumference, heart girth circumference. Direct maternal genetic

correlations for withers height, heart girth circumference, cannon bone circumference were

found -0.15, -0.99 and -0.47, respectively. The genetic correlations between the traits ranged

from 0.68 to 0.71. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that although

genetic trend is stable for these traits, genetic progress can be achieved at a fairly good level

by selection.

Keywords: Turkish arabian horse, body measurements, genetic parameter, genetic trend,

MTDFREML

55

BM8_P2638

Genetic Characterization of Growth Hormone Polymorphism in Turkish Indigenous

Bovine Breeds Using PCR-RFLP Marker

Cihan Baklacı1 Numan Ozcan

2*


1: Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

2: Çukurova University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey

Abstract

The five Turkish native breeds (AS-Anatolian Yellow, YK-Anatolian Black, BI-Anatolian

Grey, DAK-East Anatolian Red, Ki-Kilis) and one exotic breed (SA - Holstein) populations

were characterized genetically, using RFLP marker of bovine growth hormone gene (bGH). A

total of 125 genomic DNA fragment was amplified by PCR and then digested using Msp I

restriction enzyme. The polymorphism presented two codominant alleles (A and B). Overall

allele frequencies of A and B were 0,628 and 0,372, respectively. Three genotypes entitled as

AA, AB and BB were obtained. Genotypic frequencies for 125 samples from six breeds were

0.31, 0.06 and 0.63 for AA, BB and AB genotypes, respectively. AB genotype was

predominant when considered whole population mean. Although all Anatolian breeds had BB

genotype, it was not identified in SA population. All of the populations were in accordance

with HWE, except Ki and SA (p<0.01 and p<0.05). It was found that there was a significant

association between polymorphic allele (B) frequency and breeds. Statistical result showed

that gene frequency of allele B was depend on breed type (p=0.0209). The present study

showed the genetic variation of five Anatolian breeds and one exotic breed for bGH gene.

Keywords: Turkish bovine breeds, RFLP, bovine growth hormon polymorphism

56

NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

57

BM8_O2672

Evaluation of the Genetic Improvement Project for Hemşin Sheep in Low Input

Production Systems

Songül Akin1 Abdurrahman Kara

2* Erdoğan Sezgin

3 Yeliz Beken

4


1: Dicle University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Sur, Turkey

2: Dicle University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science And Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey

3: Doğu Anadolu Tarimsal AraĢtirma Enstitüsü, Erzurum, Turkey

4: Artvin Ġli Damızlık Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Artvin, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in Artvin,

Turkey in 2006 within the context of national genetic improvement scheme for small

ruminants in low input production systems. Study data was obtained with questionnaires

completed through face-to-face interviews with all HemĢin sheep breeders in the scheme,

along with HemĢin breeders out of the scheme equally in number. Breeders were compared

regarding twin (or more) births, lamb deaths after birth, infertility and miscarriage, live

weight gain at birth and after birth, important breeding problems, diseases, internal and

external parasites along with gross profit. Descriptive statistics and student t-tests were

employed in data analysis and comparisons. According to results, it was found that twin rates

increased and significant live weight gains were achieved at birth and subsequent weighing

dates. Also a reasonable miscarriage rate (2%) was calculated for the flocks in and out of the

scheme. However, infertility increased during the scheme. Despite of a decline lamb death

rates was higher than that of the flocks out of the scheme. As a result, it was calculated that

HemĢin sheep breeders of the scheme gained 47,1 TRY less gross profit per production unit

(PU). It was concluded that ineffectiveness in lamb death rates and infertility rates casted a

cloud on the achievements in live weight gains and twin rates. For success and the positive

contribution of the genetic improvement studies to the farm and national economy, special

emphasis should be paid for the timely vaccination and other protective measures against

diseases, internal-external parasites and housing conditions.

Keywords: Genetic improvement, HemĢin sheep, small holder low input systems, gross

profit, production unit, Artvin, Turkey.

58

BM8_O2846

The Characteristics of Turkgeldi Crossbreed Sheep

Ertan Köycü1* Ahmet Refik Önal

2 AyĢe ġen

3

Yahya Tuncay Tuna4 Muhittin Özder

5


1: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey.

3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.

4: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.

5: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.

Abstract

Crossbreeds can explain like an organism with in general purebred parents of two different

breeds, varieties or populations. Many of sheep breeds used for crossbreeding in different

countries by different aims. In general the aim of crossbreeding is to improvement or

development new genotype from two or more breeds which have good genetic capacity, high

production levels and good adaptability of local condition etc.

Turkgeldi sheep breed has been improvement by the aim of lamb meat production purpose in

Trakya region of the Turkey in 1980s. Tahirova (75%) and Kivircik (25%) breeds used as

parents for improvement of Turkgeldi genotype. Tahirova genotype was an also crossbreed of

East Friesian (75%) and Kivircik (25%) breeds. Tahirova have good reproductive

performance and production level in south of Marmara. Kivircik breed was native breed of

Marmara and well adapted in this area and known by meat taste in Turkey.

The characteristics of the genotype; color is white, live weight of male are 70-80 kg and

female 40-50 kg in average, twin birth rate is 1.40-1.50, mating season period is 200-220

days, milk production in a lactation is 150-180 kg, wool production is 2.5-3 kg.

The crossbreeding procedures and characteristics of the genotype were evaluated in this

study. This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal

University.

Keywords: Turkgeldi, Kıvırcık, Trakya, crossbreeding, sheep

59

BM8_O2689

Unseen Women Labor and Organization In Rural Development

Gülen Özdemir1* Emine Yılmaz

2


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Along with the growing population in the world, the importance of rural and agricultural

production is increasing due to increased demand for food, unbalanced and inadequate food

supply, and irregular migration from rural areas to urban areas. There are approximately 3

million small family businesses in Turkey and a significant part of agricultural production is

realized by these enterprises. One of the most important ways to increase agricultural

production, to obtain quality products, and to raise the living standards of farmers / rural

inhabitants is the effective organization of producers.

Generally speaking, while women's contribution to production in the world and our country is

at an undeniable rate, the benefits of social and economic development remain limited.

Approximately 2/3 of the 6.3 million agricultural workers are women. Effective involvement

of women in the social and economic development process, female entrepreneurship,

increased participation of women in labor and employment is an important factor in achieving

sustainable development in terms of individual and socially.

In Turkey, the participation of women as workforce and employer in business life is low;

Immigration and lack of education are the main reasons for these problems and many

organizations are involved in the solution, but the desired outcomes have not yet achieved.

Although the labor force participation rate of women in rural areas is high due to the fact that

they work as unpaid family workers in agriculture, the rapid decrease in agricultural

employment in Turkey leads to a gradual decline in female employment.

Women actually do not see farming as a profession, although they have to work with their

spouses in agriculture to evaluate their labor. For this reason, in this study, it has been

evaluated that in agriculture, especially in livestock enterprises, women who are passionate

about labor, actively participate in decision making mechanisms and in organizations.


Keywords: Rural development, women labour, cooperatives, organisations

60

BM8_O2999

Angora Goat Production in Turkey: Traditonal Breeding System, National Selection

Programme and Problems

Ġrfan DaĢkıran1*

*: [email protected],

1Gen. Dir. Agr. Res. Policies. MFAL of Turkey & IGA Turkey Representative

Abstract

Turkey has 10.3 million goats and which has different traditionally breeding systems and

genetic diversity, and is one of the major goat breeder countries in Europe. The notable

Turkish goat breeds are Angora (Mohair), Kilis, Damascus, Hair goat and Honamli goat. Big

part of Turkish goat population consist of the Hair goat (97%) (Anatolian Black) and Angora

goat while the rest of them are different local types. Goat production is distributed to whole of

Turkey, especially at mountainous region of Mediterranean, South-East Anatolia and South-

West Anatolia regions but Angora goat production localized in central Anatolia and near of

Ankara province. This breed also exists partly in some provinces of South East part of the

country. They are raised particularly for mohair production, which is a raw material for textile

industry. Angora goat farms are located mainly in the lowland areas of Central Anatolia.

Angora goats number was 1.2 million head at the beginning of 1990‟s, this number has fallen

in about 83% rates in the last 25 years. Likewise mohair production is also decreased by 76%.

In the course of time, textile industries are well improved and synthetic fibers getting

important and it is instead of organic fibers. Consideration all of these negative factors effect

to Turkish breeders and mohair prices dramatically down. Big part of angora breeders stopped

breeding and they moved on the metropoles.

This article aims to share Angora goat production, breeding programme and facing problems

of Turkey and will suggest some solutions to develop Angora goat sector for future.

Keywords: Angora, goat production, breed, breeding program

mailto:[email protected]

61

BM8_O2868

Evaluation of the Genetic Improvement Studies In Low Input Production Systems:

Kangal Akkaraman Sheep

Abdurrahman Kara1* Songül Akin

2 Behiç CoĢkun

3

Necip Kiliç4 Mikail Atmaca

5


1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey

2: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Sur, Turkey

3: Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

4: Sivas Ġli Damızlık Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Sivas, Turkey

5: Sivas Ġli Damızlık Koyun Ve Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Sivas, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in Sivas,



completed through face-to-face interviews with all Kangal Akkaraman sheep breeders in the

scheme, along with Kangal Akkaraman breeders out of the scheme equally in number. Kangal

Akkaraman breeders in and out of the national scheme were compared regarding rates of twin

(or more) births, rates of lamb deaths after birth, infertility and miscarriage rates, live weight

gain (LWG) at birth and after birth, important breeding problems, diseases, internal and

external parasites along with gross value of production, varying costs and gross profit

calculated for every breeder interviewed. Descriptive statistical methods were employed in

analysis of the data as student t-tests for independent and paired samples were employed in

comparisons. According to results, it was found that significant LWGs were achieved at birth

and subsequent weighing dates. Lamb death rates decreased by 4,6%. Twin rates increased by

4%. Number of Lambs per parturition increased by 0,1 lamb. Flock birth rate went up by

0,7% and wool yield per head increased by 0,3 kg. No significant differences were observed

between the flocks regarding animal husbandry problems as the effect of animal pests and

diseases on the flocks differed greatly in favour of the flocks in the scheme. Regarding the

economic achievement, it was calculated that Kangal Akkaraman sheep breeders of the

scheme gained 36,5 TRY more gross profit per production unit (PU). It was also calculated

that support payments paid in 2014 were 30,8 TRY per PU. That is, the gross profit surplus

(36,5 TRY) achieved as the result of cumulative advancements is about 1,2-fold of the

support payments paid in 2014.

62

Keywords: Genetic improvement, Kangal akkaraman sheep, small holder low input systems,

gross profit, production unit, Sivas, Turkey.

63

BM8_O2922

The Growth Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Native Geese (anser

Anser) Raised Under Local Breeding Conditions in Kars [1]

Kadir Önk1* Turgut Kırmızıbayrak

2


1: Kafkas University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Animal Science, Kars, Turkey

2: Kafkas University, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Department Of Animal Science., Kars, Turkey

[1]This study is a summarized part of Kadir Önk's Ph.D. thesis.

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine the growth performance, and slaughter and carcass

characteristics of native geese raised under the local breeding conditions in Kars.

While examining the growth performance, slaughter, and carcass characteristics, these geese

were divided into five groups according to plumage colour and age. The study was followed

up from hatching to slaughter. 1367 geese were used in hatching and 1079, 1067, 1061, 1057,

1044, 963 and 408 geese were used at the age of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days.

The effects of different plumage colour, weight and gender on growth were statistically

significant (P <0.05-0.001). According to slaughter age, slaughter, foot, heart, liver and

gizzard rates were high in 210 days and blood, feather, head and lung ratios were high in 180

days. According to plumage colour, slaughter and plumage weight and head ratios were

significant (P <0.05) while other investigated features were insignificant (P> 0.05). Average

rates of hot and cold carcass yields were determined as 69.36% and 68.25% in 180-210 day-

old geese, respectively while the average values of neck, chest, butt, wing, back fat, internal

fat and abdominal fat were 6.62, 28.46, 22.84, 14.61, 19.68, 3.49 and 5.06, respectively.

Consequently, in terms of their growth characteristics it was found that geese survived a rapid

growth up to 90 days and growth from 120 days to 210 days continued slowly. About 50% of

the difference of carcass weights cut at 180 and 210 days is due to abdominal and internal fat

amount. Findings about slaughter and carcass characteristics are consistent with many

research results. It is thought that better results can be obtained with a technical breeding and

by providing proper maintenance and feeding conditions for domestic geese.

Keywords: Kars, Geese , Growth, slaughter and carcass characteristics

64

BM8_O2931

The Effects of Agricultural Policies Applied in Livestock on Rural Development in

Turkey

Sema Konyalı1*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Livestock is an important part of agricultural sector and economy in Turkey. The livestock

products including milk, meat, egg, honey, wool and hide play a significant role in Turkish

economy. Livestock production constitutes approximately 30% of the value of all agricultural

production and contributes to the economic development of rural households. Livestock is

also an important sector in national development in producing food, increasing external trade,

ensuring a balanced development between areas and sectors, and reducing unemployment in

rural areas, in addition to creating new employment opportunities in the industrial and service

sectors. The sector's contribution to farm income is substantial, so applied policies related to

livestock production and marketing are important to the economic development of rural areas

in Turkey. As in the whole of the world, animal production is supported by government in our

country. While the ratio of livestock supports was 4.4% in 2002, the value reached to 29% in

2015. However, due to the lack of infrastructure for the application of support policies, the

supports for livestock have not been achieved of the production increase that desired and have

not been solved the problems of livestock. Turkey is one of the biggest live cattle importing

countries. Despite the increase in livestock support, livestock import has been increasing

gradually in our country. This situation suggests that, livestock policies should be in a

structure that will accelerate improvements in the sector. Therefore, government overall

objectives for developing livestock sector is need to be reducing rural poverty, increasing

development and enhancing sustainability. The main objectives of this study were to

determine the effects of agricultural policies applied in livestock on rural development in

Turkey and identify opportunities for developing livestock strategies.


Keywords: Livestock production, rural development, producer, agricultural policy

65

66

BM8_O2648

The Assessment of Sheep Manure As Vermicompost*

Abide Erdil1 Korkmaz Bellitürk

2*


1: Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal Univ. Faculty Of Agriculture, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Vermicomposts are producing commonly and commercially from cattle manure, market food

waste and recycled paper waste today. On the other hand, many vermicompost producer want

to know whether or not to produce it from sheep manure. The aim of the present investigation

was to study the some properties of vermicompost prepared from sheep manure (S), wood

chips (W) and shreded paper (P) under laboratory conditions. The pot experiment was

conducted with four treatments via S (100 % sheep manure), SP (50% sheep manure + 50%

shreded paper), SW (50% sheep manure + 50% wood chips) and SWP (50% sheep manure +

25% wood chips + 25% shreded paper) and also 500 epigeic earthworms which is known

Eisenia fetida for each pot. E. fetida is certainly not the only epigeic worm, but it is the one

most often used for composting purposes in Turkey. All treatments were replicated three

times under laboratory conditions.

The castings will harvest after 120 days of study and send to the Namık Kemal University

Central Research Laboratory (NABĠLTEM) fort he analysis. Therefore this research aimed to

the possibility of obtaining vermicompost which was produced sheep manure and used as a

source of organic manure.

Vermicomposting has been recognized as a low cost and environmentally sound process for

treatment of different organic wastes. Vermicomposting has been getting attention due to the

its environmental friendly approach. We will explain the some results of the study when it is

completed produce of vermicompost in laboratory is still being studied.

*: The authors are thankful to the TÜBĠTAK. This study was financially supported by

TÜBĠTAK (Project No: 1919B011601573, 2209/A).

Keywords: vermicompost, shreded paper, wood chips, sheep manure, eisenia fetida

BM8_P2938

67

Some Meat Quality Traits of Ducks Reared in Two Different Production Systems

Umut Sami Yamak1 Mehmet Akif Boz

2* Musa Sarıca

3 Kadir Erensoy

4


1: Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Sci. Dept., Samsun, Turkey

2: Bozok University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey

3: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, Turkey

4: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey

Abstract

This study was conducted with 240 daily Pekin ducks. The ducks were reared in intensive

and free-range systems until 14 weeks of age. After 6 weeks of age, birds in the outdoor „free-

range‟ system were given 24-hour access to outdoor pens. All birds were fed ad libidum with

the same commercial broiler starter diet based on corn and soybean meal. Water was also

provided ad libidum. At 14 weeks of age, 2 birds (1male, 1 female) per pen were slaughtered

after an 8-hr fasting period after weighing live weights. Meat pH was measured at 3 points on

the left leg (2 on the thigh and 1 on the drumstick) and 3 points on the left breast after 12

hours at 4°C. Meat colour (L* a* b*) was evaluated at 2 points on the left thigh and 2 points

on the left breast using a colorimeter. Measurement means were calculated and recorded for

both colour and pH values. The difference between live weights of geese reared indoor

(2814,8 g) or free-range (2729,3 g) was not found significant (P>0,05). Similarly, the

differences between meat color (L*,a*,b*) and pH values of ducks among production systems

were not found significant (P>0.05).

Keywords: Duck, PH, production system , meat quality , free-range, production systems,

color

68

NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT


69

BM8_P2869

Evaluation of The Genetic Improvement Studies in Low Input Production Systems:

Karayaka Sheep

Songül Akin1 Abdurrahman Kara

2* Yüksel Aksoy

3 Ceyhun Yücel

4

Önder Bayram Çoban 5



2: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science And Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey

3: Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, EskiĢehir, Turkey

4: Tokat Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Tokat, Turkey

5: Tokat Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği , Tokat , Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in Tokat,



completed through face-to-face interviews with all Karayaka sheep breeders in the scheme,

along with Karayaka breeders out of the scheme equally in number. Karayaka breeders in and

out of the national scheme were compared regarding rates of twin (or more) births, rates of

lamb deaths after birth, infertility and miscarriage rates, live weight gain (LWG) at birth and

after birth, important breeding problems, diseases, internal and external parasites along with

gross value of production, varying costs and gross profit calculated for every breeder

interviewed. Descriptive statistical methods were employed in analysis of the data as student

t-tests for independent and paired samples were employed in comparisons. Study revealed that

significant LWGs were achieved at birth and subsequent weighing dates as lamb death rates

and infertility declined with the scheme. However, miscarriage rate was found 1% higher for

the flocks in the scheme as total and twin birth rates decreased 1,6% and 3% respectively

since the beginning of the scheme. On the other hand, lamb, milk and wool yields did not

change over the course of the scheme. Regarding the economic achievement, it was calculated

that Karayaka sheep breeders of the scheme gained 21.5 TRY less gross profit per production

unit (PU). It was concluded that lower fertility rates and higher miscarriage rates

overshadowed the achievements in LWGs and decreased lamb death rates. For success and

the positive contribution of the genetic improvement studies to the farm and national

economy, special emphasis should be paid for the timely vaccination and other protective

measures against diseases, internal-external parasites and housing conditions.

Keywords: Genetic Improvement, Karayaka Sheep, Small Holder Low Input Systems, Gross

Profit, Production Unit, Tokat, Turkey

70

BM8_P2673

Evaluation of The Genetic Improvement Project for Awassi Sheep in Low Input

Production Systems

Abdurrahman Kara1* Songül Akin

2 ReĢit Demir

3

Mehmet Emin ÇaliĢkan4 Fuat Tatli

5


1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science And Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey


3: Gaptaem, ġanlıurfa, Turkey

4: ġanliurfa Damizlik Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, ġanliurfa, Turkey

5: ġanliurfa Ġli Damizlik Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, ġanliurfa, TÜRKĠYE

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in

ġanlıurfa, Turkey in 2006 within the context of national genetic improvement scheme for

small ruminants in low input production systems. Study data was obtained with

questionnaires completed through face-to-face interviews with all Awassi sheep breeders

breeders in the scheme, along with Awassi breeders out of the scheme equally in

number. scheme equally in number. Awassi breeders in and out of the national scheme were

compared regarding rates of twin (or more) births, rates of lamb deaths after birth, infertility

and miscarriage rates, live weight gain at birth and after birth, important breeding problems,

diseases, internal and external parasites along with gross value of production, varying costs

and gross profit calculated for every breeder interviewed. Descriptive statistical methods were

employed in analysis of the data as student t-tests for independent and paired samples were

employed in comparisons. According to results, it was found that significant live weight gains

were achieved at birth and subsequent weighing dates as infertility, miscarriage and lamb

death rates declined with the scheme. Regarding the economic achievement, it was calculated

that Awassi sheep breeders of the scheme gained 53,8 TRY more gross profit per production

unit (PU). It was also calculated that support payments paid in 2014 were 26.2 TRY per PU.

That is, the gross profit surplus (53.8 TRY) achieved as the result of the cumulative

advancements since the beginning of the scheme in 2006 is more than two fold of the support

payments paid in 2014.

71

Keywords: Genetic improvement, Awassi sheep, Gross profit, small holder low input

systems, production unit, ġanlıurfa, Turkey.

72

BM8_P2886

Participation of Women from the Countryside of Tekirdag City in Livestock Activities

and Their Expectations for the Future

Emine Yılmaz1* Gülen Özdemir

2 Yasemin Oraman

3

Gökhan Unakitan4 Sema Konyalı

5


1: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey


3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey

4: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey


Abstract

Women in the country work free of charge as family workers in many areas. While being

engaged in domestic responsibilities such as cleaning, child care, fuel supply, making bread

and nutrition on the one side, women make contributions to family budget by participating in

such activities as agricultural production and handicrafts which yield income on the other

side. This research covers 255 women who live in 55 villages affiliated to the centre of

Tekirdağ City. The aim is to determine the position and role that women in the countryside of

Tekirdağ assume in the present agricultural production and life stages and to specify their

activities in agricultural production and expectations for the future.

According to the result of the research, women join in each stage of plant and animal

production. While hoeing and sowing-planting gain importance in plant production, works

connected with milking stand out in animal production. Whereas women and their husbands

make shared decisions about the number of children they will have and household goods, men

are dominant over organizing the family budget.

Being hopeful for the future, women‟s preoccupation with the future is mainly concerned with

their children. When they were asked about what they think about the future, 48.2% of them

said that wanted their children to study, 21.1% expressed that they did not want to work after

their children‟s marriage, 15.7% stated that they wanted to settle down in the city, and 15%

had no idea about the future because of economic factors.

The participation of women, who assume less responsibility than men in each area of family

and society, in production and making decisions is an important factor in the development of

the country‟s agriculture and rural development. Thus, women must be allowed to take part in

decisions that concern both family and production.


Keywords: Rural woman, agricultural production, rural development, social roles,

73

BM8_P2825

Sustainable Native Cattle Production in Turkey

Mesut Yıldırır1 AyĢe Oya Akın

1 Yasemin Öner

2


1: General Directorate Of Agricultural Research And Policies, Ankara, Turkey

2:Uludag Unıversity, Bursa, Turkey

Abstract

Genetic resources as a component of agricultural biodiversity can be considered as an output

of interactions among thousands of year natural environment, breeders‟ management system

implications and practices. The features of the native cattle breeds and their crossbreds which

are represented in a small ratio in total animal number of Turkey, breeding traditions used in

production systems, human depended environment and income source relationships possess a

critical importance. Breeders are willing to holding of their local breeds in certain

circumstances, they also prefer productive breeds. On the other hand local breeds are more

suitable due to having more adaptation ability to their own production ecosystems such as

usage of pastures at least six months of the year, being productive approximately age of

twelve. As a consequence of chances in marketing conditions and human needs, decreasing in

demands to traditional products has been observed. However, breeders who have potential to

sustain their production continuity and succeed in marketing opportunities become

advantageous because of the product quality. This study focuses on Native Black, East

Anatolian Red, Grey Steppe, Native Southern Yellow, Zavot and South Anatolian Red local

cattle breeds which have low meat and milk production compared to exotic breeds and

crossbreds. Importance of supporting production to meet economic needs via development of

animal breeding, organization and marketing is revealed from the aspect of sustainability of

our native cattle breeds are reviewed.

Keywords: cattle genetic resources, conservation, production environment, sustainable

utilization

74

BM8_P2887

Rural Development and Beekeeping in Turkey

Emine Yılmaz1* Ismail Yılmaz

2 Recep Sirali

3 Umit Gecgel

4


1: Namık Kemal University Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey

3: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept Of Zootechnics And Animal Nutrition,

Tekirdag, Turkey

4: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Rural development has become more important in last decades. Particularly, it is the only one

that prevents immigration from the village to the city. Efforts to raise the economic levels of

rural residents continue to increase throughout the world. Considering the conservation of

natural resources and the environment, it is important to support small and medium-sized

enterprises in order to raise the level of rural area income, to provide agricultural integration

based on agricultural production and agriculture, to develop agricultural marketing

infrastructure, to strengthen food safety, to create alternative income sources in rural areas,

rural development activities is aimed at raising the activities. One of the activities that do not

require much capital for rural development is beekeeping.Beekeeping has many attractions for

rural farmers. Bees do not require daily attention and beekeeping does not take up valuable

land or time which would have been spent on other farming activities. It can be practiced by

males and females of all age groups and it helps generate self-reliance. Beekeeping can

contribute effectively to the empowerment of disadvantaged people and communities, and

makes a multifaceted contribution to rural livelihoods. Honey, pollen, beeswax, propolis, and

royal jelly from bee products are high economic value products. In this paper, examines the

importance of beekeeping and rural development in Turkey.


Keywords: Rural development, beekeeping, bee products, economical value

75

BM8_P2817

Challenges of Climate Changes Effects on Livestock and Importance of Natural Genetic

Resources

Zühal Gündüz1* Onur Yilmaz

2 Mahmut Keskin

3 Ibrahim Cemal

4

Sabri Gül5 Nezih Ata

6


1: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey

2: Adnan Menderes University Faculty Of Agriculture Dept. Of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey





Abstract

Climate change cause many problems in agricultural production systems and threaten

sustainability of livestock production systems. The consequences of climate change are

accompanied by new production strategies. However, the external inputs used in new

production systems increase the costs and do not appear to be profitable. The genetic variation

in livestock populations is main factor for adaptation in harsh environment, poor pasture

conditions and resistance to some diseases. Climate change related problems became crucial

day by day. The most important point here is that the use of well adapted animals under

climate change. In this review, the problems that are climate change presents and the

importance of genetic resources will be discussed.

Keywords: climate changes,adoptation,natural genetic resources

BM8_P2684

76

Reduction of Entries by Effective Use of Different Formulations in Animal Husbandry

Erdal Gönülal1 Mustafa Bağcı

2 Orhan Ermetin

3 Ahmet HaĢim Keskin

4*


1: Soil Water And Deserting Control Research Institute Konya/turkey, Konya, Turkey

2: Toprak Su Ve ÇölleĢme Ġle Mücadele AraĢtırma Enstitüsü , Konya, Turkey

3: Bozok University. Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey

4: Ministry Of Food, Agriculture And Livestock Turkey Soil Water And Desertification Control Research

Ġnstitute, Konya, Turkey

Abstract

Rangeland is a very large area belonging to the public in Turkey. Its use is mainly open to

people living in the area. Turkey pasture areas are not used efficiently and competently,

especially in Central Anatolia. Central Anatolia restricts the long term utilization of the

rangelands due to its arid climate. The grazing that started early in the rangelands in the

region increases this oppression. There is a need for work that will increase the effective use

of large rangeland areas. The meat prices, which are high in Turkey in recent years, have led

the livestock sector to seek cost-cutting measures. Effective use of rangeland is important for

the reduction in cattle livestock.The present situation of rangelands were evaluated and

suggestions for effective use were made. Research conducted in randelands shows that grassy

plants are common. There may be an opportunity to use woody bushy plants in rangelands

The plants used in animal feeding such as Atriplex, Koshia will also be effective in slowing

the wind erosion in the rangelands. In addition to this, lavender-like and perennial plants will

be a source of nectar and pollen for beekeeping. The presence of deeper bush-shaped and

perennial plants in dry Middle Anatolian landfills will provide sustainability advantage to this

naked area. If the roots are more intense, they will strengthen their strength in these plants.

The leafy bodies,trunks of these plants, which are used as nutrients, will be an important

living space in natural life. This formation will be tried in the projects prepared with the

Presidency of Konya Plain Regional Development Administration. Seedling formation as

seedlings will be appropriate. Conservation will increase its sustainability. Breeding cattle,

sheep goats and milk producers in the region and the support of the Chamber of Agriculture is

the case in terms of ownership.

Keywords: Central Anatolia, Rangeland, Animal Feeding, Shrub Form, Natural Life,

Beekeeping

77

BM8_P2714

Variability in Body Morphometric Measurements for Predicting Live Body Weight of

Honamlı Goat Breed Reared in Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Orhan Karadağ1* M.ihsan Soysal

2


1: Bandirma Sheep Research Ġnstitute, Balıkesir, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty Of Agric.dept. Of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

This study was conducted on (n=159) Honamli goat flocks under the in situ Animal Genetic

Resources Conservation project being held in the Seydisehir/Konya. In this study, aimed to

determine some morphological traits of Honamlı Goat Breed which are widely reared in

Turkey‟s Mediterranean Region, especially The Taurus Mountains. Data on live body weight

(LBW), Body Length (BL), Height at Withers (WH), Height at Rump (RH), Heart Girth

(HG), Chest Depth (CD), Tail Length (TL), Head Length (HL), Forehead Width (FW), The

Front Shank Circumference (FSC) And Rear Shank Circumference (RSC) were collected

from (n=159) Honamlı, goats kept by traditional farmers. Regression analysis was carried out

for LBW with all the linear body measurements. The data were classified on the basis of age

and gender pattern. Age and sex significantly (P<0.01) influenced all the body measurements.

Live body weight and some linear body measurements were highly (P<0.01) and positively

correlated for all ages. From the regression analysis, live body weight could be predicted with

accuracy from linear body measurements especially; heart girth, body lenght, chest depth,

forehead width and front shank circumference. Pooling of body measurements in a multiple

regression, improved the coefficient of determination R2 value to 0.82. It was concluded that,

there is variability in body measurements across gender, age and that these measurements can

be exploited in predicting live body weight and hence the economic value of goats.

Keywords: body measurements, linear, live body weight, traits

78

BM8_P2754

Halk Elinde Yetiştirilen Karacadağ Zom Koyununun Süt Bileşimi

Nalan Akça1*


1: GAP International Agricultural Research And Training Center, Livestock Research Unite, Diyarbakir, Turkey

Abstract

Bu çalıĢma Diyarbakır ili Çınar ilçesi Karacadağ Bölgesinde yetiĢtiriciliği yapılan Karacadağ

Zom Koyunlarının süt bileĢenlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıĢtır. Bu amaçla araĢtırma

materyali olarak Karacadağ Zom Koyunlarından süt bileĢimi açısından yaklaĢık 70 baĢ

koyunun sütü kullanılmıĢtır. Süt bileĢenleri açısından kuru madde, yağ, yağsız kuru madde,

özgül ağırlık, asitlik, protein, laktoz ve pH oranları sırasıyla % 16.8±0.19, 4.5±0.13,

12.4±0.10, 1.0388, 9.6 ±0.13, 4.6±0.04, 6.8±0.06, 6.8±0.01 bulunmuĢtur.

Bu çalıĢmanın sonucu olarak halk elinde yetiĢtiriciliği yapılan Karacadağ Zom

Koyunlarının süt bileĢenleri bakımından diğer yerli koyun ırklarımız üzerinde yapılan

araĢtırmalarda saptanan özelliklerle karĢılaĢtırılabilir nitelikte olduğu belirlenmiĢtir.

Keywords: kuru madde, süt bileĢimi, zom koyunu

79

BM8_P2932

The Role of Sheep and Goat Husbandry in The Reduction of Poverty and in the Rural

Development

Sema Konyalı1*



Abstract

Sheep and goat husbandry has an important role in Anatolian cultural, social and economic

life for many years. Turkey is one of the major goat and sheep breeding country in Europe

and it has 10.3 million goat and 30.9 million sheep population in 2015. If poverty is to be

reduced with a sustainable approach in Turkey, the most important way is to go through

livestock. Sheep and goat husbandry is important in Turkey for reduction of poverty in the

rural area, contribution to employment and evaluation of weak pastures. Although sheep and

goat productions have many advantages in Turkey, the levels of milk production for per head,

growth and carcass yield of animals are very low and not enough for intensive production

level. Sheep and goat husbandry is still an important source of food and income for rural

areas. However, since 2010, customs duties have been reduced in the import of live animals

and red meat with policies applied in animal husbandry in Turkey. As a result, 2.2 million

head of small cattle imported between 2010 and 2015. For many years, cattle-oriented support

policies have led to significant reductions in small cattle numbers and almost bring to an end

of the angora goat farming. Despite the increase in supports for small cattle breeders, they are

lower than the cattle farming support. Supports should be reviewed in consideration of input

costs and increased regularly for competing of domestic market prices against to foreign

market prices. In addition, imports of animal husbandry should not be allowed and the need

must be provided from domestically. Therefore, establishing of strong unions and

cooperatives with technical and administrative capacity, improving the efficiency of existing

organizations, needing of long-term and consistent agricultural policies have great importance

for rural development, poverty and development of livestock in Turkey.


Keywords: sheep and goat husbandry,poverty,rural development,support policy

BM8_P2935

80

Rural Development Focused Strategic Goal Setting: Farm Tourism Concept

Tugba Kiper1 Aslı Korkut

2*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architect, Department Of Landscape

Architecture, Tekirdag , Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architecture, Dept. Of Landscape Architecture,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Various problems in rural areas have brought new insights into the generation of

development-oriented solutions. In this sense, many plans, projects and policies have been put

into practice. Particularly in the approaches towards strategic planning, a settlement

understanding which is respectful to nature, self-sufficient, enriching the economy of the local

people and featuring the local identity values has come to the forefront. At this point, the

concept of farm tourism, in which strong relations with natural landscape are established,

local identity values are synthesized with educational activities, local foods are experienced,

agricultural products and activities can be observed. Farm tourism is a type of tourism that the

visitors gain experience by participating in a variety of activities (agricultural production,

artistic and local culture workshops, etc.) in the farm of plant production and/or animal

breeding. In this context, the basis of the work is the hypothesis that "the development of farm

tourism in rural development approach is a tool". The aim is to develop strategies based on

the feasibility of farm tourism for the development of rural areas in the present and future. In

this direction, answers to the following questions have been sought: "What is farm tourism?”,

“What are the activities of farm tourism?”, “How should farm tourism be handled in the rural

development focused phases of planning, management and application?”. In the framework of

the questions, farm tourism applications in Turkey and in the World and their effects on rural

development were examined.

Keywords: rural area,rural development,farm tourism,farm tourism applications

81

82

BM8_P2933

The Effects Of Livestock Activities On Landscape Diversity And The Environment

Aslı Korkut1* Tugba Kiper

2 Tuğba Üstün Topal

3


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architecture, Dept. Of Landscape Architecture,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architect, Department Of Landscape

Architecture, Tekirdag , Turkey

3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architecture, Dept. Of Landscape Architecture ,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

All the natural and cultural values with various characters in the environment, form different

characters and specific textures (uses) such as forest area, agricultural area, settlement area.

These land uses, that we call "landscaping", repeated in similar forms in large areas develop

and change as a result of mutual interaction between human and nature. The degree of

interaction between human and nature reveals the natural and cultural landscapes. Cultural

landscape creates important landscape varieties particularly in rural areas as a result of the

interactions between human and nature.

Livestock activities are included in the agricultural landscape, which is one of the components

of rural landscape. The agricultural landscapes that display a broad appearance in combination

of nature and settlement add diversity and richness to landscaping by exhibiting an idyllic

painting with its bovine and ovine animal communities, meadow-pasture areas, fruit gardens,

and color and texture differences.

In this context, the answer for the question: "What is the role of livestock activities on

landscape diversity and its impact on the environment?” is sought in the text. The aim of the

study is to demonstrate the visual effects of livestock activities on agricultural landscapes

sustainably. The study will be supported by literature survey, field observations and visual

materials.

Keywords: Landscape, Livestock, Landscape Diversity, Rural Settlements, Environment

83

84

BM8_O2819

National Breeding Program for Small Ruminants in Turkey

Ali Ayar1*


1: Ministry Of Food Agriculture And Livestock, General Directorate Of Agricultural Research And Policies,

Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Turkey is one of the major goat and sheep breeding country in Europe. As a small ruminate,

there are a total of 31 million sheep and 11 million goats in the twenty sheep and seven goat

breeds. With a wide variation in breeding and yield parameters, a planned breeding

programme was not applied until 12 years ago.

Turkey goat population is mainly, composed of the Hair goat (97%) (Anatolian Black) and

sheep population are composed of Akkaraman and Morkaraman breeds (approximately 95%)

and rest of population consist of different breeds.

Turkish breeders are using sheep and goat for meat production primarily and milk production

at second aim. Goat production is distributed, especially at mountainous region of

Mediterranean, South-East Anatolia. Sheep production is localized central Anatolia, East and

South east Anatolia as extensive systems. In addition heavy nomadic systems and family

farming type farms localized in east and south east Anatolia. South-East Anatolia region

production systems are characterized as basically extensive and semi-extensive systems. On

the other hand last ten years private sector investment has been getting increase especially

west part of Turkey.

Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MFAL) has started National Sheep and Goat

Breeding Program with Breeders and Turkish Sheep and Goat Breeders Association. during

first stage, project is set up 2 breeds (Akkaraman Sheep and Angora Goat), five years later

expanded 12 sheep&goat breeds, 472 breeders and 80.000 animals. Due to project efficiency

and requests of breeders, now adays, It is continuing with 7000 breeders, 30 national sheep

and goat breeds and approximately 1.200.000 animals. This Project, carried out as a national

breeding program, has multi-partners (Breeders associations, Universities, Research Institutes

of MFAL) and aims to imporove native pure-breeds, increased yields and awareness of

breeders' record keeping.

Keywords: Small Ruminant, Milk And Meat Production, Sheep and Goat Breeding

85

BM8_O2704

National Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project and Breeder Association Collaboration

System in Turkey

Yusuf Kaplan1* Ali Ayar

1 KürĢat Alkoyak

1 Özden Sarıkaya

1

Önder Sözen1 Sezer Öz

1


1: Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, General Directorate Of Agricultural

Research And Policy , Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Turkey is one of important country for animal and plant diversity in terms of genetic

resources. Beside of genetic diversification, Turkey‟s animal population is significant and it

consists of approximately 31 million sheep, 10.3 million goats, 14.1 million cattle and 142

thousand Anatolian Water Buffalo (AWB). In parallel with demand of consumer and

increasing buffalo products, Turkey‟s buffalo population has started and stopped decrease

trend until 2011. To improve the AWB production, their breeders economic and social

situation and to develop AWB products, Turkish Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock

(MFAL) has started National Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project in 2011. Project has

embraced multi stakeholder approach with different partners such as Universities, Research

Institutes and Turkey Water Buffalo Breeders Association. In this project, while improving

AWB milk and meat characteristics, the consciousness of AWB breeders and developing

breeder association infrastructure is raising. In accordance with first five years results of

Breeding Project activities; project was carried out in 18 provinces in 3.740 farms with total

of 27.500 adult AWB actively. The first stage of the project carried out between 2011-2016

and second stage of the project will carry out between 2016-2021. The aim of this study is to

summarize the project and the results obtained with an overview about the world and in

Turkey‟s buffalo production and National Buffalo.

Keywords: Anatolian water buffalo, Buffalo breeding, Milk and meat

86

ANIMAL NUTRITION

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

87

BM8_O2632

Effects of Supplementing Lamb Diets with Different Grain Sources on Meat Color and

Chemical Composition of Longissimus Muscle

Hasan Hüseyin Uzkülekci1 Yusuf Konca

2* Mahmut Kaliber

3


1: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey



Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the color and chemical compositions of meat of lambs

that were fed diets supplemented from different grain sources. Sixteen Akkaraman breed

weaned male lambs (average initial body weight: 35.7 kg±6 kg) were used in this study.

Lambs were randomly divided into groups of 4 and fed the respective diets. These 4 diets

were: 1) 700 g/day pelleted concentrate feed + ad libitum chopped alfalfa hay (control diet,

group C); 2) control diet+ad libitum whole barley grain (group BG); 3) control diet + ad

libitum whole triticale grain (group TG); and 4) control diet+ad libitum whole corn grain

(group CG). The experimental diets were offered to lambs for 10 week, then all animals were

slaughtered (average body weight at slaughter: 55.6 kg±6.1 kg), and the color (lightness, L*;

redness, a*; and yellowness, b* values), pH (at 24 h after slaughter), dry matter content (DM),

crude protein (CP) and ash (CA) and ether extract (EE) of meat from

Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) were determined. No differences were found in terms of

meat pH, CP and CA contents for MLD (P>0.05). Also, meat L*, a* and b* values for MLD

were not significantly differ among treatment groups (P>0.05). There were significant

differences among the groups in terms of DM (P<0.05). While grain supplementation

increased EE content of meat, group CG had a higher percentage of EE in MLD than those of

the others (P<0.05). Finally, it was concluded that barley, triticale or corn grains offered with

concentrate feed+alfalfa hay during the fattening period had a minimal difference on meat

color and chemical composition of l. dorsi muscle of lambs.

Keywords: Lamb fattening, meat quality, grain type, barley, triticale, corn

88

BM8_O2798

Determination of Feed Value Characteristics of White Grape Pomace Silage

Levend Coskuntuna1* Uğur Boylu

2 Sevilay Gül

3


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Dept. of Animal Science,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences Plant and Animal Production Dept. ,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine feed value of white grape pomace. For this purpose

taken from the white grape pomace Tekirdağ wine factory plastic bins filled with various

additives obtained by the addition of silage as a source of food availability were investigated.

Enzyme, Inokulants, Enzyme+Inokulants, Molasses and Formic acid was used as silage

additives. Silage as the fermantation Ph, Dry matter, Crude protein, Crude ash, Crude fiber,

Asid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and Acid detergent lignin (ADL)

analysis and microbiological analysis were conducted. In white grapes, these values

respectively after silage 3.60-3.69, %38.92-40.93, %9.74-10.20, %28.39-31.43, %7.09-9.03,

%52.24-52.69, %58.50-58.67, %41.82-42.09 that were found between. White grape found in

the values after aerobic stability, respectively 3.41-5.58, %43.84-44.70, %5.66-10.22,

%29.86-30.73, %17.24-17.87, %53.06-53.54, %59.91-60.25, %42.17-42.45 that was found to

be. In white grapes after silage additives used in the analysis of Dry Matter control, enzym,

enzym+ınoculant and formic acid is no significant difference between the statistical (P>0.05).

This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University

Keywords: White grape pomace, silage, feed additive

89

BM8_O2670

Estimation of Rumen Degradability, Intestinal Digestibility and Protein Nutritional

Value of Bulgarian Sunflower Meals

Nikolai Todorov1*


1: Thracian University in Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein value for ruminant animals of

sunflower meals (SFM) produced in Bulgaria, for which there are no data.Three non-lactating

Jersey cows with an average body weight of 436 ± 18 kg, fitted with a fistula in the dorsal

rumen and a T-duodenal cannula were used to estimate rumen degradability and intestinal

digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). Samples of SFM were collected from

seven of the largest sunflower processing companies (SFM1 to SFM7).The SFM were

incubated in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h in 6 replications.The values for the

rapidly degradable fraction а of DM ranged from 21% to 26%, and was significantly lower

for SFM5 (P<0.05). The effective degradability of DM of SFM at outflow rate k = 0.06

ranged from 54% to 59%.The fraction a of CP in all of the samples was within the ranges

from 21% to 28%, with a significantly higher value in SFM5 (P < 0.05).Effective

degradability of the CP of SFM at different outflow rates was relatively high (from 59% to

76%).The intestinal digestibility of the DM measured by mobile bag technique varied from

39% for SFM2 to 47% for SFM6.The values for intestinal digestibility of CP for SFM1 and

SFM3 (93%) were significantly higher than the other samples (P < 0.05).The average value

for protein digestible in the small intestine (PDI) according to the Bulgarian protein system, at

a rumen outflow rate 0.06/h, was 181 g/kg DM, and the balance of protein in the rumen(BPR)

was 124 g/kg DM.The result of the present study could be used in formulating rations for

ruminant animals.The data shows possibilities for improvement of the protein value of SFM

by changing toasting parameters and decreasing degradability in the rumen.

Keywords: Rumen degradability, intestinal digestibility, protein value, sunflower meal

90

BM8_O2685

Pectoralis Muscle Properties Of Turkey Poults Can Be Affected By The In Ovo And

Early Or Delayed Posthatch Feeding Of Branched-chain Amino Acids

Canan Kop Bozbay1* Nuh Ocak

2


1: EskiĢehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, EskiĢehir, Turkey

2: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

Abstract

To determine the effect of in ovo and early or delayed posthatch feeding of branched-chain

amino acids (BCAA, 3 L-leucine: 1 L-valine: 2 L-isoleucine) on pectoralis muscles (PM)

weight and muscle fiber properties at 21 d in turkey poults, a total of 216 newly hatched

poults were used. At 22 d 12 h of incubation, 1.5 ml of solutions prepared aseptically prepared

to contain 0% (sham control) or 0.2% BCAA in 0.9% saline was injected into the amnion to a

depth of about 15 mm. Upon hatch, poults from untreated eggs and saline-injected eggs were

allocated randomly to four treatments whereas all poults from BCAA-injected eggs served as

in ovo BCAA treatment. Hence, there were five nutrition treatments with three replicates

composed of control (C), immediately fed starter diet with BCAA (CBCAA), access feed and

water 48 h later (C48), access feed with BCAA and water 48 h later (C48BCAA) after

hatching and in ovo BCAA treatment (IOBCAA). The CBCAA poults had higher PM weight

compared to C and C48 poults (P<0.05). The PM weight of IOBCAA birds was higher than

those of C48 poults (P<0.05). Compared with the other treatments, the C48 treatment

increased Type IIB muscle fiber area (P<0.001). Type IIB and total number of fibers from

IOBCAA poults were higher than that from C48 birds (P<0.05). The proportion of Type I and

Type IIA muscle fibers of C48 poults was higher than in other treatment birds (P<0.001) and

those of C, IOBCAA and CBCAA poults (P<0.05), respectively. The proportion of Type IIB

muscle fibers decreased by the C48 treatment compared to other treatments (P<0.05). These

results indicated that the diet with CBCAA and IOBCAA improved the muscle development

and properties of muscle fibers of poults at an early age.

Keywords: poultry, hatching, in ovo feeding, early nutrition, amino acids

91

BM8_O2668

Effects of Magnesium Sources and Levels on Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat

Quality in Broiler

Rabia Göçmen1* GülĢah Kanbur

2 Yusuf Cufadar

3


1: Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey

2: Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey

3: Selcuk Üniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inorganic and organic sources and

levels of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on performance, carcass traits and meat quality in

broilers. A total of one day old 450 broiler chicks were used and assigned to six experiment

groups each having five replicate, randomly. There were 15 birds in each replicates. In the

experiment magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) was used as inorganic Mg source and magnesium

proteinate was used as organic Mg source. Experimental diets were supplemented provide 0

(control), 0.2 and 0.4 % Mg levels inorganic and organic Mg source of basal ration,

experiment period was six weeks. Supplemental Mg did not have significant effect on body

weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05). Carcass, liver and

wing weight and carcass yield was affected by source x level interaction effect (P<0.05).

Carcass weight and carcass yield of group organic*0.2 was higher than the other groups.

None of meat quality parameters (water holding capacity, cook loss, pH, meat colour

parameters) was not significantly effected by treatments.

Keywords: Broiler, magnesium, performance, carcass traits, meat quality

92

BM8_O2930

Effects of Liquorice root extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) use on quality parameters in

stored hen eggs

Kayahan Yılmaz1

Firdevs Korkmaz1 Aylin Ağma Okur

1

Emre Tahtabicen2 Hasan Ersin ġamlı

1

1 Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2 Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

The study evaluates the efficacy of Liquorice root extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in

preserving the internal quality of hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) eggs coated with them and

stored under room conditions of 21°C for 7-14 days. In other words, 50 eggs were collected

and used in 4 treatments (2 storage time x 2 coating of Liquorice root extracts+ 10 fresh eggs)

with 10 eggs examined in each.

In this study analyzed that internal and external egg quality parameters.


Keywords: Egg quality, storage time, Liquorice root extracts, hen

93

BM8_O2910

The Effect Of Diet Protein And Energy Level On Serum Biochemical Profile On Fat

Tail Anatolian Native Sheep Akkaraman

Necdet Ġlker Ġçil1 Esad Sami Polat

2*


1: Bornova Veterinary Control Instute, Ġzmir, Turkey

2: Selcuk University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Animal Production, Konya, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine relationships between metabolic profile with diet in fat

tailed sheep flock. With this aim, twenty Akkaraman sheep out of six flocks, which gave birth

a year ago, are clinically healty, were chosen. From the sheep chosen; between 115-125th

days of pregnancy and on postpartum period, serums were handled from blood which was

taken through V. Jugularis. Glucose, t. protein, globülin, albümin, BUN, t. cholesterol, AST

and GGT, which were analysed, creates biochemical parameters. On each physiological

periods, for each metobolite with one flock average values which were provided from whole

flocks, were compared using Z test and for concerned metabolite, unlike statistically averages

values, different flocks were determined. While Different flocks were coded as DA, the ones,

which are not different, were coded as IA. The relationships between diet compounds and

metabolic profile were determined through regression analysis. According the F value which

is handled with varians analysis interactions between diet compounds in DA group and serum

biochemical profile were detected more meaningful than the group IA which was created as a

different group. While cholesterol has strongest relationship with diet energy, BUN was the

best reflector of diet crude protein level.

Keywords: fat tailed sheep, metabolic profile, akkaraman

94

BM8_O2669

Rumen Degradability, Intestinal Digestibility and Nutritive Value for Ruminants of

Bulgarian and Romanian Rapeseed Meal

Nikolai Todorov1*


1: Thracian University in Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

Abstract

The rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of rapeseed meal (RSM) produced in

Bulgarian (Astra Bioplant Ltd, Rosse) and in Romania (Expur Ltd, Sobozia) was determined.

Three non-lactating Jersey cows with a body weight of 436 ± 18 kg, fitted with rumen fistula

and T-duodenal cannula were used. Three batches from each factory were taken in interval of

20 - 30 days in Bulgaria (RSMb-1, RSMb-2, RSMb-3) and in Romania (RSMr-1, RSMr-2,

RSMr-3). RSM were incubated in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8, 14, 24 and 48 in 6 replications. The

effective degradability of DM was significantly (P<0.05) low for RSMr-3 than for other

samples. The results for rapidly degradable fraction a of CP for all the batches of Bulgarian

RSM (26 to 30%) were significantly higher than those of Romanian RSM (P<0.05). The

values for potentially degradable CP fraction b varied between 66.and 73% without any

significance for either factories or batches (P>0.05).The effective degradability of CP at

different outflow rates for all the batches of Bulgarian RSM were approximately 4% higher

than those for Romanian batches (P<0.05). The intestinal digestibility of DM determined by

mobile bag technique was higher for RSMb-3 compared to other batches of RSM. The values

for intestinal digestibility of CP varied between 74% (RSMr-1) and 80% (RSMb-2), without

any significant difference (P>0.05). Protein digestible in intestine (PDI) at outflow rate 0.06/h

according Bulgarian feed evaluation system is 165 g/kg DM for RSMb, and 171 g/kg DM for

RSMr. The balance of protein in rumen (BPR) was respectively 111 and 82 g/kg DM of RSM.

There is room for improvements of protein nutritive values especially for Bulgarian RSM.

The established protein nutritive values could be used instead of published data from other

countries.

Keywords: Rumen degradability, intestinal digestibility, protein nutritional value, rapeseed

mea

95

BM8_O2703

The Determination of Feeding Value of Dried Seedless Olive Pulp With In vivo

Digestion Method*

Kadir Cem Akbay1* Ġbrahim Ak

2


1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey

2: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey

The aim of this research, adding economical value to olive cake and olive mill waste water

which is by-product of olive oil processing. In order to determine the content of acquired

seedless dry olive pulp (SDOP) from different production systems, like chemical composition

and feed value, and rumen parameters, the animals fed by SDOP.

Research had been conducted in two stages. In the first stage, chemical composition of 2 and

3 phased SDOP were determined. The values of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), organic

matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF),

acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF) and acid detergent insoluble lignin (ADL) in 2 phased

SDOP were determined respectively as 88.42%, 11.16%, 77.26%, 7.50%, 15.63%, 46.77%,

42.92%, 16.38%. The composition of 2 phased SDOP‟s important oil acid contained, 13.65%

palmitic acid (PA), 2.08% stearic acid(SA), 67.46% oleic acid(OA), 11.76% linoleic acid

(LA) and 0.64% α-linoleic acid (α-LA). The values of DM, CA, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and

ADL in 3 phased SDOP were determined respectively as 88.15%, 3.69%, 84.46%, 9.03%,

17.10%, 61,46%, 52,27%, 19,90%. The composition of 3 phased SDOP‟s important oil acid

contained 10.66% PA, 2.07% SA, 54.71% OA, 11.05% LA and 0.74% α-LA.

In the second stage of the research, two phased in vivo digestion trial had been applied. The

digestion degrees of average DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF in 2 phased SDOP‟s were

determined respectively as 38.89%, 34.39%, 13.23%, 82.61%, 59.3% and 37.18%.

Three phased SDOP‟s values of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF were determined

respectively as 22.05%, 20.93%, 11.04%, 81.84%, 58.75% and 29.72%.

Consequently, a high content of crude oil and other nutrient content of the roughage in the

sense of use in animal feeds which may be like the products their unique acceptable source of

feed.

Keywords: Seedless dry olive pulp, in vivo digestion method, ruminant

96

BM8_O2775

Determination of Metabolic Parameters in Early Peaking Dairy Cows

Cangir Uyarlar1 Emine Hesna Kandır

2 Sadi Cetingul

3 Mehmet Yardımcı

4

Eyüp Eren Gültepe5* Ġsmail Bayram

6


1: Afyon Kocatepe University, Dept. of Animal Nutrition And Nut. Disorders, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

2: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Wildlife and Ecology, Afyonkarahisar,

Turkey

3: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Afyonkarahisar,

Turkey

4: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey

5: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Vet. Med., Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders,

Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

6: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Afyonkarahisar,

Turkey

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to describe differences on the fatty acid and carbohydrate

regulation of liver metabolism between early peaking and normal peaking cows. Twenty

Holstein cows were used in this study. The cows was classified different two groups. First

group, called "early peak", was included 10 cows which reached peak yield within 15 days.

Second group, called "late peak", was included 10 cows which reached peak yield within 60

days. All cows were consumed same diet. Blood samples were collected from all cows on 0th,

15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days of lactation. ALT, AST, GGT, Total Cholesterol,

Triglycerides, BHBA (Betahydroxybutiric acids) and NEFA (Non Esterified Fatty Acids)

analyses were performed on serum samples. Milk yield were achieved from Dairy Plan Herd

Management Systems (Gea Farm Tech/Germany). Serum AST, ALT and Total Cholesterol

concentrations were showed no significant differences between the groups. Serum NEFA,

BHBA and GGT concentrations were determined significantly higher (p<0.01) in early peak

group than normal peak group. Also, serum TG concentrations were determined significantly

higher (p<0.05) in normal group than early group. Milk yield was increased both of groups

over time (p<0.001). Milk yield of early group was calculated significantly higher (p<0.001)

at first week. These findings are suggest that rapidly reaching of peak milk yield was affected

negatively to liver metabolism. In this situations, influence of negative energy balance was

increased and predisposition of diseases originated energy metabolism as ketosis was went

up.

97

Keywords: Dairy cow, transition period, liver metabolism, ketosis

98

BM8_O2905

Aphids And Their Densities On Forage Plants In Diyarbakir Province

Selime Ölmez Bayhan1* Erol Bayhan

1


1: Dicleuniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept of Plant Protection, Diyarbakır, Turkey

Abstract

This study was carried out during 2015 and 2016 in Çınar District of Diyarbakır province, for

surveying the aphis species and their density. The aphids were collected by -infested leaves of

livestock plants. The samples were taken by scanning the forage plants at this location. The

samples were taken into 70% alcohol and then the preparation process was carried out. Three

species belonging to the Aphididae family were identified as the result of the study. These

species are Acyrthosiphon pisum L., Aphis fabae Scopoli and Aphis craccivora Koch species.

Among these, Acrythosiphon pisum was identified as the most dense species.

Keywords: Diyarbakır, aphid, forage plants

99

BM8_O2900

Effect of Black Carrot Supplementation to Diet Oon Performance and Egg Yolk Color

In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

Ugur Temiz1* Yusuf Konca

2


1: University Of Amasya, Vocational School Of Suluova , Amasya, Turkey

2: Erciyes University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of black carrot (Daucus carota)

supplementation to quail diets on performance, egg quality and yolk color. A total of 180

quails at 8 weeks of age were used in the study. Quails were divided 6 treatment groups with

10 replicates and three quail each subgroup. Treatments were as follows; 1: Control (C, no

supplementation), 2: 0.5% dried black carrot (DBC) addition to C ration, 3: 1% DBC addition

to the C ration 4: 2% DBC addition to the K ration 5: 4% DBC addition to the C ration 6: a

commercial colorant (CC, red: yellow ratio 20: 5) addition to the C ration was used. The

treatments did not affect final body weight (BW) and BW change of qauils (P>0.05). Feed

consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly affected by the treatments,

and in the CC group‟s FC was highest and FCR was lower than those of other groups

(P<0.01). The highest egg production and shell weight values were obtained in CC group

(P<0.01). In the CC group‟s the egg yolk brightness value (L*) were varied different periods;

the redness (a*), choroma (C*) and hue angel (H*) values generally higher than those of other

groups; yellowness (b*) were significantly higher in group in the C group (P<0.05). In

conclusion, there were no significant improvements in the FC, FCR, EP, and egg yolk L *, a

*, b* C* and H * values via black carrot addition to quail diets compared to CC group.

Keywords: Quail, black carrot, performance, egg quality

100

BM8_O2806

Isolation And Molecular Characterization Of Enteroviruses From Cattle

Nüvit CoĢkun1* Feray Alkan

2


1: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Dept. Virology, Ankara, Turkey

2: Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Viroloji Ad., Ankara, Turkey

Absract

Enteroviruses (EV- A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and J) belong to the genus Enterovirus of

Picornaviridae family and have wide range host spectrum from humans to dolphins. Bovine

enteroviruses are classified in groups Enterovirus E and F. There are a lot of reports on

molecular detection from humans but few studies have been reported on animal sources.

These viruses have generally subclinical or mild infection onset. However there are cases

which they cause severe disease of respiratory, genital or alimentary tract.

In this study we aimed to report the molecular characterization of enteroviruses those

were detected in faeces from different herds in Turkey. Using reverse transcription (RT)-

PCR with a primer pair spesific to 5‟UTR region, the enterovirus samles were tested.

Following the isolation of field viruses using Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell

line, further molecular studies was carried on for VP1 region, which is the main site that is

used for classification of enterovirus serotypes.

As the result of molecular analysis of isolated viruses was found to be in Enterovirus E

genogroup. As there is limited information on enteroviruses of ruminants more reports are

needed to build a database to deeply understand its importance in the diagnostic algorithms

for enteric disease and the genetic similarity/diversity among viruses from different animal

species.

Keywords: Bovine enteroviruses, RT-PCR,virus isolation, molecular characterization

101

BM8_O2939

Investigation of Presence of Some Significant Viruses Causing Abortions Among Cattle

in Turkey

Onur Ülgenalp1* B. Taylan Koç

2 T. Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu

3


1: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey

2: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Aydin, Turkey

3: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, City, Turkey

Abstract

Object: Viral agents causing abortions and fetal abnormalities are very important in terms of

both economical and yield losses in livestock industry. In Turkey, some significant viruses

(Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Akabane virus) causing these symptoms have been

detected and identified many times. Investigation of presence and prevalence of mentioned

viruses have crucial importance for keeping up-to-date of status of these infections and

developing of control and prevention programs. In this context, we aimed to investigate status

of these viruses in some small family farms have previously seemed abortions and some

clinical reproductive problems in this study. We also investigated Bovine Parvoviruses

(BPV) as addition to this viruses.

Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from cattle (n=50)

mentioned farms (n=3). Viral nucleic acids were extracted by using commercial kits. For

BVDV and Akabane diagnosis, cDNAs (complementary DNAs) were generated with

commercial kit (First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit, Fermentas). Polymerase Chain Reactions

(PCR) were performed with relevant primer pairs for each virus.

Results: We have detected BVDV in one animal (from Farm 2) that has been mentioned about

abortion cases in its anamnesis. We have not detected any positivity in terms of Akabane virus

and BPV infections.

Conclusion: In this study, we determined only BVDV positivity in one animal in one farm.

Our results has also showed one more time that necessity of control and prevention program

for BVDV infection should be developed based on vaccination and elimination of persistently

infected animals in Turkey. Additionally, it should be not forgotten to investigate bacterial

and parasitic infections besides virus infections in abortions and reproductive failure cases.

*Presenter author **All Authors have contributed equally to the study.

3Corresponding author

Keywords: Abortion, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Cattle, PCR

102

BM8_O2830

Fertility Traits of Karacabey Merino Ewes Grazed on Wheat Stubble and Sorghum Sudan-grass

Pastures at Mating Period

Hülya Hanoğlu Oral1* Ergenekon Oguz

2 Fırat Alatürk

3 Cemil Tölü

4

Ahmet GökkuĢ5 Altıngül Özaslan Parlak

6


1: Sheep Breeding Research Institute, Bandırma/Balıkesir, Turkey

2: Sheep Breeding Research Institituon, Balikesir, Turkey

3: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Field Crops Science, Canakkale, Turkey

4: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

5: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Field Crops Science, Çanakkale, Turkey

6: Crop Science, Çanakkale, Turkey

Abstract

It is quite significant that feeding ewes and rams in breeding season to obtain higher fertility

and decrease infertility of ewes. Sheep are traditionally grazed on wheat stubble after grain is

harvested from June to September. As an alternative to traditional stubble grazing, sorghum-

sudan grass pastures can be established in dry summer periods. This research was conducted

to investigate the fertility traits of Karacabey Merino Ewes grazed on wheat stubble and

Sorghum Sudan-grass pastures during summer dry periods of mating period. The study was

carried out with 24 Karacabey Merino ewes and 2 rams at 2 years old. In sorghum Sudan-

grass pastures, sheep (4 Karacabey merino ewes and 1 Karacabey merino ram x 3

replications) freely grazed in each plot for two-and-a half months (July- August-September)

when the plants had 50-75 cm heights. Similar grazing treatments were also performed over

wheat stubble. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using MINITAB program, and

means were compared using Duncan‟s multiple range test at the P ≤ 0.05 level. The characters

calculated by the number of ewes at mating as pregnancy and birth rates and the characters

calculated by the number of ewes which gave birth as single and twin birth rates and litter size

for ewes grazed on wheat stubble were 100%, 100%, 92%, 17%, 1.25 and for ewes grazed

Sorghum Sudan-grass pastures were 100%, 100%, 67%, 25% and 1.17 respectively. The

nutritional quality of stubble is low, owing to low nitrogen content and digestibly. However,

stubble lands sometimes have increasing feed quality because of quite high grain losses

during the harvest.

103

Keywords: Wheat Stubble, Sorgumsudan Grass, Sheep Grazed, Fertility Traits, Karacabey

Merino

104

BM8_O2942

The Effects of Supplementation of Enzyme Combination on Performance, Intestinal Histology

and Microbiota of Male Broilers

Ġsa CoĢkun1 Aydın Altop

2 Firdevs Korkmaz

3* Hayrettin Çayıroğlu

4

A. Gül Filik5 Hüseyin Çayan

6 Ahmet ġahin

7 Güray Erener

8 H. Ersin ġamlı

9


1: Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey

2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science 55139 Samsun, Turkey.


4: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kirsehir, Turkey

5: Ahi Evran University,faculty of Acriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey

6: Ahi Evran University Agricultral Faculty Department of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey

7: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept.of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey

8: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science 55139 Samsun, Turkey.

9: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ , Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation commercial enzyme

combination (EC) addition on the 42-day growth performance, internal organ development,

ileal histology and intestinal microbiota of male broilers. A total of 225 ROSS 308 male

broiler chickens were used at 1 day of age, including 3 treatment groups in each treatment

group, 5 replicates in each treatment group and 15 in each treatment group. The treatment

groups in the study were: 1) control, 2) 300 ppm EC addition to drinking water, and 3) 300

ppm EC addition to ration. Commercial broiler diet was used in the research. The enzyme

combination was daily mixed daily for animal‟s drinking water and diet (300 ppm total, 20

ppm for each animal). The study lasted 42 days. At the end of the study, there were no

statistically significant effects of EC additions on 42-day performance parameters, inner organ

development, ileum histology and caecum lactic acid bacteria colonization of broiler chickens

(P > 0.05). Supplementation of EC via drinking water and diet EC increased the number of

total live bacteriaand decreased the number of Enterobacter in the gut of animals. At the end

of the study, it was determined that supplementation of EC in diet and drinking water had no

adverse effects on the 42-day performance parameters.

Keywords: Enzyme combination, performance, intestinal histology, intestinal microbiota,

broilers

105

BM8_O2674

The Effects of Humate and Yeast Cell Wall Supplementation on The Performance,

Some Blood Parameters and Gut Microflora of Japanese Quail

(Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

Görkem Yanık1

Mevlüt Günal1* Serkan Özkaya

1


1: Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the effects of yeast cell wall extract and humate

supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and blood parameters of Japanese quail

(Coturnix coturnix japonica) from a day old to 42 days of age. Two hundred mixed sex

Japanese quail chicks were divided into four treatment groups each consisting of 50 chicks.

Dietary treatments were respectively: basal diet (as a control), basal diet + humate 2 g/kg

feed, basal diet + yeast cell wall extract 2 g/kg feed and basal diet + humate 2 g/kg feed +

yeast cell wall extract 2 g/kg feed. The humate and yeast cell wall extract alone or their

combination did not significantly effect (P>0.05) live weight, live weight gain, feed

consumption, feed conversion and mortalityat 0-21, 22-42 and 0-42 days of age. Cecal

microflora, carcass and some blood parameters were determined at 42th

days. Humate and

yeast cell wall alone or a humate-yeast cell wall extract combination did not affect

(P>0.05) the carcass yield and some relative organ weights. Treatments had no effect

(P>0.05) on cecal population of Coliform, Lactobacillus and E. coli bacteria. However,

humate and humate-yeast cell wall extract combination reduced (P<0.05) serum total

cholesterol concentration while yeast cell wall supplementation tended to reduce. There were

no differences (P>0.05) on serum triglyceride, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase,

aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, total protein concentrations among the groups.

The study showed that supplementation of humate and yeast cell wall extract alone or in a

combination to quail diet does not improve performance and cecal microflora of Japanese

quail under the conditions in the present study. The present study suggests that new

approaches are required for studying the efficacy of these additives.

Keywords: Humate, yeast cell wall, performance, gut microflora, blood parameters, Japanese

quail

106

ANIMAL NUTRITION


107

BM8_P2804

The Microalgae and Importance for Poultry Feeding

Hüseyin Çayan1 Aydın Altop

2 Firdevs Korkmaz

3* Ġsa CoĢkun

4


1: Ahi Evran University Agricultral Faculty, Department of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey

2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.


4: Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey

Abstract

The microalgae include important food substances for aquatic animals in aquaculture and

human health as well as have biological and ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems

additionally. Numerous microalgae species are used in industrial purposed biotechnological

studies and animal feeding for their high protein, beta-carotene, unsaturated fatty acid,

vitamin and pigment contents. Commercial microalgae and the most important pigments they

contain; beta-carotene (Dunaliella salina, Scenedesmus acutus), phycocyanin (Spirulina sp.),

Astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis), chlorophyll b, cellular xanthophyll (Nannochloropsis

oculata). Haematococcus pluvaris is a single-celled microalgae, which synthesizes

astaxanthin in stress conditions such as excessive light, high temperature, and nutrient

deficiency. Astaxanthin; is a natural carotenoid pigment with high antioxidant capacity.

Thus, antioxidant activity of astaxanthin is reported to be 500 times more effective than

Vitamin E, 10 times more effective than beta-carotene (vitamin A) 6000 times stronger than

vitamin C and 4 times more effective than lutein. Astaxanthin acts as an antioxidant to protect

cells against free radicals such as hydroxyl and peroxyl. It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-

bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-regulating effects. Astaxanthin is an

alternative feed additive in poultry feeding studies with its high antioxidant capacity, although

it is a natural coloring matter, as consumer preferences are at the forefront. In this review, the

significance of astaxanthin, using of areas and importance of animal nutrition will be

examined in light of the literature.

Keywords: Broiler, performance, astaxanthin

108

BM8_P2622

The Effect of Storage Periods and Vacuum Treatments on Silage Quality in Vacuum-

packed Bags Silage

Fulya Tan1*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Ensiling is a common preservation method for forage crops. Different technologies are used

in silage making. Vacuum-packed polythene bags silage are preferred in Turkey recently.

Because, this silages has a longer storage period and higher nutrient content.

The aim of the project was to determine effect of vacuum treatments on dry matter loss and

silage quality in vacuum-packed polythene bags at the five years storage periods.

In the experiment was made 3 vacuum treatments (0.07mPa, 0.1mPa and -0.1mPa). CAS CVP

260 PD type a vacuum-packing machine was used. In all experiments, the chopped material

was packed into polythene bags (dimensions 200x250 mm). Vacuum-packed bag silages were

opened after at the end of one year of ensiling and end of five years of ensiling. Dry matter

loss and silage quality affected by at the storage periods and vacuum treatments (P<0.05).

Keywords: Vacuum, silage, storage period, bag silage, dry matter, silage quality

109

BM8_P2940

Effect some plants extract against Esscherichia coli and Salmonella sp.

Cansu ÖKSEL1 Firdevs KORKMAZ*

2 Hasan Ersin ġAMLI

2 Mustafa MĠRĠK

3

1Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Plant Protection

2Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science

3Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Plant Pathology

*[email protected]

Abstract

The present study describes in vitro antimicrobial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra, eremurus

spectabilis, propolis and apricot karnel paste. Escherichia coli and salmonella sp. Were used

as test organism. Antimicrobial activity was tested by paper disc diffusion method. Bacterial

cultures were growth on nutrient agar one day at 37 C in 24-hour and suspend in nutrient

broth and that contraction adjuster to 0.5 Mc Farland standard tube. 100 µl of the bacterial

suspension was spread on 9 cm diameter petri dishes containing nutrient agar medium. Sterile

paper discs (diameter 5 mm) were put on the medium and 20, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 µl of

each extract was dropped on the discs. Sterile water was used for negative control. All plates

were incubated at 37 C for one day. The diameter of the clear zone around the disc was

measured as millimeters.


Keywords: Esscherichia coli, Salmonella sp., antimicrobial activity.

mailto:*[email protected]

110

BM8_P2800

Determination Feed Value of Alfalfa Hay

Levent ÇoĢkuntuna*1

, Ebru Ünalp2, Sevilay Gül

3


1: Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.

2: Namık Kemal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ,

Turkey.

3: Namık Kemal University,Vocational School of Technical Sciences Plant And Animal Production Dept. ,

Tekirdağ, Turkey.

Abstract

This study, which is crop alfalfa in different cutting and growth stages of vegetation was

organized with the aim of determining the nutrient content. Alfalfa hay, beginning of

flowering, full flowering and pod mount, and each including three different vegetation period

by maintaining vegetation period has been harvested in the fifth form. Alfalfa samples used in

this study, CP, ADF, NDF, ADL values for detection of chemical analysis as applied to the

producer and dried alfalfa grown in nutrient content were determined. As a result, alfalfa

samples of the HP of 19.34 with 9.71%, NDF 46.12 with 61.16 %, ADF 36.19 with 49.42 %

and ADL 7.28 with 13.32 % change of content was observed. According to the results

obtained in terms of animal feeding alfalfa seed harvested in the beginning of flowering is

concluded that to obtain high-quality roughage.


Keywords: Alfalfa hay, feed , NDF, ADF, ADL

111

BM8_P2773

The Effects of Lactic Acid Bacterial and Enzymes Inoculants on The Fermentation and

Aerobic Stability of Red Grape Pomace Silages

M. Levent Özdüven1* Fisun Koç

2 Berrin Okuyucu

3 G.Yağmur Atmaca

4






Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture

inoculants as silage additives as silage additives on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and in

vitro organic matter digestibility of red grape pomace silages. Two lactic acid bacterial

inoculants with enzymes (LAB+enzymes I: Pediococcus pentosaceus, Propionibacterium

freudenreichii with β-glucanase, xylanase and galactomannanase; LAB+enzyme II:

Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus faecium with cellulase,

hemicellulase, pentosanase, and amylase) were used as silage additives. Inoculants were

applied to the silages at 6.00 log10 cfu/g levels. After treatment, red grape pomace was ensiled

in 1.0-liter special anaerobic jars, equipped with a lid enabling gas release only. The jars were

stored at 20±2°C under the laboratory conditions. Three jars from each group were sampled

for chemical and microbiological analysis 60th

day after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling

period all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, in vitro

organic matter digestibility of these silages was determined. Both lactic acid bacteria and

enzymes inoculants improved the fermentation characteristics of red grape pomace silages.

However, there were no significant differences among the groups in terms of dry matter,

crude protein, acetic acid, crude ash, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and cellulose

content (P>0.05). At the end of the ensiling period inoculants increased the lactobacilli

numbers of the silages. However, LAB+enzymes I inoculant led to higher CO2 production

and impaired the aerobic stability of the silages. The in vitro organic matter digestibility of the

red grape pomace silages were increased by the lactic acid bacteria and enzymes treatment.


Keywords: Fermentation, aerobic stability, inoculant, red grape pomace

112

BM8_P2786

The Effects Oof Cell Wall and Starch Degrading Enzymes on The Fermentation,

Aerobic Stability and Nutritive Value of Vetch-oat Silages

Mehtap Özkan1 Berrin Okuyucu

2 Mehmet Levent Özdüven

3* Fisun Koç

4


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey




Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of cell wall and starch degrading enzymes

on the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestibility

(OMD), relative feed values (RFV) of vetch- oat mixture silages. Vetch-oat mixtures were

harvested at early bloom- milking stage. Cellulase, hemicellulase and pentosanase (SILAID,

Global Nutritech, TR) were used as cell wall and starch degrading enzymes. The enzymes

were applied to vetch-oat mixtures at a rate of 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg fresh forage. Forages were

packed into vacuum-sealed, nylon-polyethylene bags per treatment. The packages were stored

at 20±2 °C under laboratory conditions. Three packages from each group were sampled

chemical and microbiological analysis 70th

day after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period

all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, enzymatic

solubility of organic matter, and relative feed value of these silages was determined. As a

result of cell wall and starch degrading enzymes improved of fermentation characteristics,

decreased neutral detergent fiber content and increased in vitro organic matter digestibility

and relative feed value, but did not affect aerobic stability vetch-oat silages.

This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University.

Keywords: Vetch-oat silage, enzyme, fermentation, aerobic stability, nutritive value

113

BM8_P2791

The Effects of Wheat Bran and Molasses as Silage Additives on the Fermentation and In

Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility of Caramba Mix (lolium Multiflorum C.v Caramba

Mix) Silages

Sevilay Gül1* Levend Coskuntuna

2 M. Levent Özdüven

3

Fisun Koç4 Berrin Okuyucu

5


1: Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences Plant and Animal Production Department ,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemam University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey




Abstract

Roughages are indispensable forages sources in livestock. There has been a lack of high

quality roughage for ruminants. Recently Caramba mix (Lolium multiflorum c.v Caramba

mix) has been so popular as a feed crop. This study was carried out determine the effects

wheat bran and molasses as silage additive on the fermentation and in vitro organic matter

digestibility of Caramba mix silage. Caramba mix harvested and ensiled in 1.0 liter special

anaerobic jars. Chemical, microbiological analyses and in vitro cellulase method were

conducted on the silage which was opened on the 60 th

after it was ensiled. According to the

analysis; dry matter content of control, 5% wheat bran, 10% wheat bran, 5% molasses and

10% molasses groups was 27.00, 28.44, 33.93, 32.67 and 30.61%; pH value 5.32, 4.89, 4.56,

4.62 and 4.39; crude protein content 14.59, 13.03, 16.23, 14.75 and 16.42%,, respectively.

In conclusion, it was evaluated that cheamical, and microbiological qualities increase with the

addition of wheat bran and molasses to the Caramba mix silage.


Keywords: Caramba mix, silage, silage molasses, wheat bran, digestibility

114

BM8_P2907

Effect of Wheat Bran and Pudding Added to Alfalfa Silage on Fermentation , Aerobic

Stability and In Vitro Digestibility

Gülbahar Malhatun Çotuk1 Sibel Soycan Önenç

2*


2: Namık Kemal University Faculty oOf Agriculture, Dept. Animal Sci., Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of pudding can not be used in the food

undustry by-products as wheat bran on the silage fermantation and aerobic stability of alfalfa

silages. Alfalfa was harvested at early bloom stage in October and wilted for about 3 hours.

Pudding was applied 50 g/kg levels. Alfalfa was ensiled in plastic bags. The packages were

stored at 16±2 °C under laboratory conditions. Three packages from each group were sampled

physical, chemical and microbiological analysis 60th

day after ensiling. At the end of the

ensiling period all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 7 days. In addition,

enzimatic solubility of organic matter, metabolizable energy and relative feed value of these

silages was determined.

In the study, the alternative carbohydrate source was that, they was food industry wastes has

positively affected the chemical and microbiological properties of silages. Particularly, in the

silage increased amount of water-soluble carbohydrates was a source for the development of

lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Therefore, the conversion of sugars to lactic acid has increased,

which was pH reduction. But, in the increased pH was showed lower counts of undesired

organisms (enterobacteria, yeast and mould). In addition, it increased the amount of organic

matter dissolved in the enzyme and the ME content in vitro. Similarly, the amount of

digestible dry matter, relative feed value and dry matter consumption have also increased.

As a result of 50 g/kg pudding increased characteristics of fermantation of alfalfa silages. The

relative feed value is affected positively.

1 This study was taken from Master thesis.

2correspoder autor, [email protected].

University of Namık Kemal, Faculty of Agriculure, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ

-Turkey.


Keywords: Alfalfa silage, silage fermentation, pudding, silage additive, digestibility

mailto:[email protected]

115

116

BM8_P2916

The Role of Hormones and Metabolites on Regulation of Feed Intake in Animal

Sibel Soycan Önenç1*


1: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. Animal Sci., Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Animal feed intake and energy balance is an important in digestive physiology. Control

mechanisms of feed intake and feeding behavior were discovered using different techniques.

Many of these control mechanisms involve molecular signals from the periphery to the central

nervous system (CNS), including glocose, triglycerides, leptin, insülin, amylin, enterostatin,

ghrelin and cholecystokinin released from different tissues.

The anorectic hormones leptin, insülin and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin act on specific

receptors on neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. First identified as an

endogenous growth hormone secretatogue, ghrelin is powerful orexigen recently recognized

as a regulator of feed intake and energy balance. Ghrelin is mainly secreted from the stomach

and its plasma levels rise during fasting or weight loss and decrease after feding. It has been

shown that ghrelin stimulates appetite and feed intake when it peripherally or centrally

administered to humans and animal. Recently, cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to

inhibit the orexigenic effect of peripheral ghrelin. Leptin is an adiposity signal secreted into

the plasma in proportion to the body fat stores.

Insulin is pancreatic hormone cosecreted with amylin into the blood during meals. It is highly

efficacious in reducing feed intake and body weigth when infused chronically by peripheral

and central administration. Insulin receptors have been located in the ARC and insülin, like

leptin, exerts its catabolic action by stimulating the hypotalamic melanocortin system. Insulin

and leptin both seem to reduce feed intake at least in part by increasing the hindbrain response

to the stating signal CCK. Leptin seems to enhance the satiation response to CCK also by

acting directly on the same vagal afferent neurons. Many studies reported that interaction

between CCK and ghrelin, leptin, and insülin and because of the modulation of CCK‟s

satiating effect by endogenous amylin.


Keywords: Feed intake, feeding behavior, anorectic hormone, orexigenic hormone

117

BM8_P2675

Some Morphological Characteristics of Rhododendron L. Growing in The Natural Flora

of the Black Sea Region

ġeref Cınbırtoğlu1 Recep Sirali

2* Feyzullah Konak

3


1: Ordu Apiculture Research Institute, Ordu, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Zootechnical Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey

3: Ordu Apiculture Research Institute, Ordu, Turkey

Abstract

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) need nectar and pollen to survive. When nectar is used as an

energy source and pollen also meets the protein need. The main source of nectar and pollen is

the various plant species that grow in nature.

This study has been carried out in the yellow flowering rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum

S.), purple flowering rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.) and white flowering

rhododendron (Rhododendron ungernii T.) which grow in the natural areas in the Central and

Eastern Blacksea Regions in Turkey.

In May and June, during the flowering period of the rhododendrons in the Black Sea Region,

samples were collected doing field surveys. According to the Wodehouse Method, reference

preparations were prepared from the pollen collected from the pollen vesicles of the

rhododendrons in the 6 cities of the region (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rize and

Artvin). The reference preparations were investigated with a light microscope and data were

obtained by measuring the single pollen width, single pollen height and all lengths (μm) of the

pollen.

It can be seen that there are differences in pollen sizes when the results of some

morphological features determined in previous researches are compared with the findings of

this study. It is envisaged that these differences may result from the factors such as the

samples taken from the regions or the time the measurement is made.

Keywords: Apis mellifera l., ericaceae, rhododendron, pollen, blacksea region

118

BM8_P2630

Effects of Different Calcium Nonphytate Phosphorus Levels on the Blood Parameters of

Broilers

Ahmet Akdağ1*


1: Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Eskişehir, Turkey

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different calcium (Ca) and nonphytate

phosphorus (NPP) levels on some blood parameters of broilers. Four hundred and eighty 1-d-

old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 5 replicate pens.

Three diets were arranged for starter (d 0-21, 3 levels Ca-NPP at 1.05-0.49, 0.95-0.44 and

0.85-0.41%), and grower (d 22-42, 3 levels Ca-NPP at 0.87-0.42, 0.78-0.38 and 0.69-0.34%).

The diets were fed as mash. To determine the Ca, P concentration, alanine transaminase

(ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in blood serum

ten birds (5 male, 5 female) representing the average weight of the group (± 5%) were

selected from each group. Blood samples were collected during slaughter at 42 days of age.

There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in Ca, P concentration and AST, ALT

activities in blood serum, with the exception that the ALP activity (P<0.05). Based on the data

it can be concluded that increased ALP concentration in birds fed diets containing, d 0-21,

%0.95 Ca and %0.44 NPP, d 22-42, %0.78 Ca and %0.38 NPP indicates that tissue and bone

damages has been higher in this group.

Keywords: Blood parameters, broiler, calcium, phosphorus

119

BM8_P2898

Effects of Soy Oil, Marrow Oil and Antioxidant Supplementation to Laying Hen Diets

on Performance and Egg Quality Traits

Yusuf Konca1* Mahmut Kaliber2 Selma Buyukkılıç Beyzi3 Savaş Sariozkan4

Tahseen Fatima Miano5 Atalay Kahraman6




3: University Of Erciyes Faculty Of Agriculture Dep. of Animal Sci., Kayseri, Turkey

4: Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty , Kayseri, Turkey

5: Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey, Hyderabad, Pakistan

6: Kayseri Yem Fabrikası, Erkilet Yolu Üzeri, Kayseri, Turkey

Abstract

This experiment was carried out to determine effects of soy oil, marrow oil and antioxidant

supplementation to layer diets on performance, egg quality, and serum antioxidant status. A

total of 192 54-weeks-old laying hens were divided four treatment groups with two layer

strains (Nick chick and Dekalb are white egg layer hens), 8 replicate (24 hens in each

treatment group). Each strain diets contained soy oil, marrow oil and antioxidant (Oxifarm®)

supplementation in a factorial design. The treatment groups as follows: 1) soy oil (SO), 2)

Marrow oil (MO), 3) SO + antioxidant and 4) MO + antioxidant. Feed consumption, egg

weight and specific gravity were not significant among the treatment groups. In the marrow

+antioxidant supplemented group egg production were higher than those of soy oil and soy oil

antioxidant supplemented groups at 0 to 14 and 42 to 56 d period (P<0.05). Soy oil, marrow

oil and antioxidant supplemented groups yolk color‟s L*, a* and b* values were significant

among the groups (P<0.05). In Dekalb strain egg shell weight and percentage were higher

than Nick chick strain (P<0.05). In conclusion, marrow oil with antioxidant in diets may

improve egg production in laying hens.

Keywords: Laying hen, marrow oil, antioxidant, performance, egg traits

120

BM8_P2713

Determination of Nutritive Value of Soybean Varieties Using In Vitro Methods and Gas

Production Technique

Tugay Ayasan1* Mustafa Boğa

2 Cengizhan Mizrak

3 ġerife Ergul

4 Harun

Cinli5 S. Naeim Saber

6 Pınar Cubukcu

7 Ahmet Korhan Sahar

8


1: East Mediterrenean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Turkey

2: Ömer Halis Demir Üniversitesi, Nigde, Turkey

3: General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara/turkey, Ankara, Turkey

4: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Adana/turkey, Adana, Turkey

5: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.

6: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.

7: Mediterranean Agricultural Reasearch Institute, Adana, Turkey., Adana, Turkey

8: Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Reasearch Institute, Adana, Turkey.

Abstract

The study was conducted to determination of nutritive value of soybean varieties using in

vitro methods and gas production technique. In vitro gas productions and gas production

kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation

times. As a result of this study, it was found variation among soybean variety obtained from

five different varieties in terms of chemical composition and gas production rate. The crude

protein (CP) contents of soybean variety ranged from 34.02 to 37.13%. Ash content of

soybean seeds changed from 5.42 to 5.59%. The Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid

Detergent Fiber (ADF) contents of soybean variety switched from 16.4 to 25.0% and 13.0 to

21.6% respectively. The ether extract (EE) contents of soybean variety ranged from 18.72 to

21.00%. The gas production rate (c) ranged from 0.110 to 0.150%. The highest gas production

rate of soybean variety were found in Adasoy and Nazlıcan varieties (P<0.05). The

metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) contents of soybean

variety ranged from 7.053 to 7.383 MJ/kg DM and 71.953 to 75.320% respectively. In

conclusion, soybean variety can be successfully use for ruminant feeds. There are

considerable differences in the CP, NDF and ADF between different soybean varieties.

Türksoy and Nazlıcan variety is recommended to use in ration because of higher protein and

digestibility.

121

Keywords: Chemical composition, digestibility, in vitro gas production, nutritive value,

soybean variety, crude protein, metabolizable energy.

BM8_P2908

Determination of Potential Nutritive Value of Sunflower (helianthus Annuus L.) Lines

Using In Vitro Methods and Gas Production Technique

ġerife Ergul1* Tugay Ayasan

2 Abdullah Çil

3 Ġsmail Ülger

4 Mahmut

Kaliber5 AyĢe Nuran Çil

6 Vakas ġahin

7 Hacer Burun

8


1: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Adana, Turkey.


3: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Oil Crops, Adana, Turkey.

4: Erciyes University Seyrani Agricultural Faculty, Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey.

5: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey.

6: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Oil Crops, Adana, Turkey



Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of sunflower (Helianthus annuus

L.) lines using in vitro methods and gas production technique. In vitro gas productions and gas

production kinetics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12,

24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times.Four (DA-YR-13-72; DA-YR-13-73; DA-YR-13-146/1

and DA-YR-13-270/1) lines of sunflower were obtained from fields of East Mediterranean

Agricultural Research Institute (36°51‟18” North, 35°20‟49” East). As a result of this study,

crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral

detergent fiber (NDF), Hemisellulose (HEM) and Digestible organic matter (DOM) were

found statistically important between several lines of sunflower (P<0.05). Dry matter (DM)

did not changed (P>0.05). The highest CP content was obtained from the line of DA-YR-13-

73 with a value of 19.07%, whereas the lowest value was obtained from the DA-YR-13-146/1

line with a value of 16.88%. Ether extract contents varied from a 39.19% (DA-YR-13-72) to

48.16% (DA-YR-13-270/1). The lowest CA value was obtained from DA-YR-13-146/1 line

with a value of 2.79 % KM. The highest HEM value was obtained from DA-YR-13-146/1 line

with a value of 19.72 % KM. The DM contents ranged from a 91.36% (DA-YR-13-146/1) to

92.32% (DA-YR-13-72). The lowest and highest ADF values were obtained from DA-YR-13-

270/1 (18.12%) and DA-YR-13-146/1 (22.17%) lines. The highest NDF contents was

obtained from DA-YR-13-146/1 (41.88%). The gas production rate of (GP) sunflower lines

ranged from 67.00 to 74.00 ml/200 mg DM. The metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy

lactation (NEL) contents of sunflower lines ranged from 19.14 to 21.81 MJ/kg DM and 8.11

to 8.98 MJ/kg DM respectively.

122

Keywords: Sunflower lines, chemical composition, digestibility, in vitro gas production,

nutritive value

BM8_P2720

Effect of Varieties on Potential Nutritive Value of Barley Using In Vitro Methods and

Gas Production Technique

Behlül Sevim1* Tugay Ayasan

2 Mahmut Kaliber

3 Cengizhan Mizrak

4

ġerife Ergul5 Ġsmail Ülger

6 Sait Aykanat

7 Ali Beyhan Ucak

8


1: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey




5: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Adana, Turkey

6: Erciyes University Seyrani Agricultural Faculty, Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey

7: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Field Crops, Adana, Turkey

8: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of barley varieties using in vitro

methods and gas production technique. In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of

barley variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times. As a result

of this study, significance level of the differences between the varieties in terms of dry matter

(DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CT), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and

Hemicellulose (HEM) values were P<0.05, and ADF did not found significantly important

(P>0.05). Among the three varieties, the highest CP value was obtained from Atılır variety

with 13.10%, followed by Durusu with 12.73%. The crude ash contents of the varieties

showed a variation between 2.31% (Atılır) and 2.80% (Durusu). NDF contents of barley

variety ranged from 26.77 to 29.4. CT contents of barley variety ranged from 1.59% to 1.80%.

The in vitro gas production (GP) expressed as ml/200 mg DM and methane gas (CH4) at the

end of the 24 hour incubation period of barley varieties are investigated too.

123

Keywords: Barley varieties, chemical composition, digestibility, crude protein, in vitro gas

production, nutritive value

BM8_P2764

The Effects of Licorice Root (glycyrrhriza Glabra) on Performance, Serum Parameters,

Egg Yolk Cholesterol and Antioxidant Capacity of Laying Hens

Mikail Baylan1* Sibel Canogullari Dogan

2 Zeynep Erdoğan

3

Altug Kucukgul4 AyĢen Bulancak

5


1: Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey

2: Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Dept of Animal Production

and Technologies, Nigde, Turkey

3: Trakya University, Vocational College of Arda, Department of Food Processing , Edirne, Turkey

4: Mustafa Kemal University, Veterinary Faculty, Biochemistry Department, Hatay, Turkey


Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of licorice root (Glycyrrhriza glabra) on

performance, egg cholesterol, some serum parameters and antioxidant capacity of laying hens.

For this purpose, a total of 120 Lohman Brown laying hens with similar body weight were

caged individually and ramdomly divided into four groups of 30 laying hens in each. Laying

hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% licorice root for 8

weeks. At the end of study, it was determined that there was no significant effect of licorice

root on egg weight and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), but feed consumption was affected

negatively (P<0.05) by supplementation. Egg yield was obtained as 88.94, 89.56, 86.82 and

85.02% in the 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% licorice root supplemented groups, respectively (P<0.05).

Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels reduced (P>0.05) and LDL levels of serum and egg

cholesterol levels were decreased with supplementation of licorice root into feed of laying

hens (P<0.05) while HDL levels of serum were increased by addition of licorice root. It was

determined that the total antioxidant capacity of serum was increased and affected positively

by addition of increasing levels of licorice root (P <0.05). As a result of this study, it has been

shown that licorice root could be used in layer diets without any adverse effect on

performance as a natural source of feed additive and it could be facilitated functional egg

production.

124

Keywords: Antioxidant capacity, laying hens, licorice root, performance, serum parameters

125

BM8_P2740

The Effect of An Inoculant and Kefir on The Silage Microbiology and Aerobic Stability

of Wheat Straw

Berrin Okuyucu1* Fisun Koç

2 Mehmet Levent Özdüven

3

Malik CoĢkun4 Gizem Yağmur Atmaca

5







Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of inoculant and kefir on the

microbial changes and aerobic stability of wheat straw silage. Biotal Plus II (Pediococcus

pentosaceus, Propionibacterium freudenreichii), Biotal Buchneri 500 (Lactobacillus

buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus) and kefir MYStarter KF1 (Lactococcus lactis subsp,

Lactis biovar diacetylactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc spp.mesenteroides ve

Saccharomoyces cerevisiae) were used as silage additive. Additives were applied at 6.00 log10

cfu/g silage levels. Approximately 100 g portions of straws from every treatment were packed

into plastic film bags, and the bags were sealed with a vacuum sealer (CAS CVP 260 PD).

After treatment bag silos were stored at 25±2°C under laboratory conditions. Three bag silos

from each group were sampled for chemical microbiological and analyses on days 4, 7,

14, and 45 after ensiling. After 45 days of ensiling, the silages were subjected to an aerobic

stability test for 5 days.

As a result of treatment with kefir increased lactobacilli numbers (P<0.01) and decreased the

yeast numbers (P<0.01) compared with that of all other treatments. Compared with untreated

silage, both inoculant and kefir was unable to improve stability when silages were exposed to

air. Mold was not determined in wheat straw silage.


Keywords: Wheat straw, inoculant, kefir, microbiology

126

127

BM8_P2636

Hepatoprotective Effect of Preparation Vitasil on The Histology of Alimentary-induced

Fatty Liver Disease in Common Carp (cyprinus Carpio)

Alexander Atanasoff1*


1: Trakia University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Animal Husbandry, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of preparation Vitasil

content extract of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) against alimentary-induced fatty liver

disease in carp. Two hundred and forty carp (55,4±0,67 g) were divided into three groups

with different diet for each of them in order to induce experimental obesity and liver

dystrophy. Group I was the control group that received standard carp feed only, group II were

fed with protein and lipid-rich diet. Group III received same feed like group II but with add of

preparation Vitasil at a dose of 50 mg/kg feed. After 9 months eighteen fishes were sacrificed

and the liver tissues were processed and stained in Haematoxylin and Eosin. The

histopathological effects of feed on the liver tissue of fish were determined by light

microscopy. Our results indicate that Vitasil may be a useful as hepatoprotector agent in

alimentary-induced fatty liver disease.

Keywords: Hepatoprotective, histology, carp, vitasil

128

BM8_P2920

Sulforaphane Acts as Cancer Fighter

Ümit Polat1 Deniz Belenli

2*


1: Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Biochemistry, Bursa, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Sulforaphane, a bioactive compound from broccoli and broccoli sprouts, has potentially

cancer chemopreventive activity. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate that is widely consumed

vegetables and has a particularly high concentration in broccoli. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) occur

in cruciferous vegetables as glucosinolates and are converted to ITCs by myrosinase. ITCs are

released by cutting or chewing or by intestinal microflora by the agency of myrosinase.

Sulforaphane prevents chemically induced cancers in animal models, including colon, lung,

breast, pancreatic, skin and stomach cancer. Sulforaphane, act as chemical cancer fighter by

inhibiting Phase 1 enzymes involved in carcinogen activation and by inducing Phase 2

enzymes that speed up the inactivation of carcinogens. Phase II enzymes [Glutathione

transferases (GSTs), NAD(P)H:Quinone reductase (QR), Epoxide hydrolase, UDP-

glucuronosyltransferase] play important roles in the detoxication of electrophiles and their

induction protects animals and their cells against carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. The

effective Phase II enzymes are both indirect and direct antioxidants, for example, phenolic

antioxidants, mercaptans, carotenoids and curcumin. Sulforaphane are a potent

anticarcinogenic Phase II enzyme inducers.

Sulforaphane, reduced the incidence, and the size of tumors in a rat mammary tumor model,

act as an indirect antioxidant, inhibits cytochrome P450, and induces cell cycle arrest and

apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro. It is considering to investigate more researches about

sulforaphane‟s cancer effects.

Keywords: Sulforaphane, cancer, broccoli, phase ii enzymes, tumor

129

BM8_P2865

Use of Earthworm Powder for Animal Feeding: A Review

Kayahan Yılmaz1* Korkmaz Bellitürk

2 Hasan Ersin ġamlı

3



2: Namık Kemal Univ. Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdag, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ , Turkey

Abstract

Recent trend of declining sustainability in animal feeding is appearing as a major threat to

most of the Turkey cities. To combat the situation, solving of high animal feed price and other

alternatives. One of them is the use of worms as animal feeds.

Under this situation, worm powdering has recently emerged as a simple but efficient

biotechnology for supporting of animal feeding with the help of some specific groups of

earthworms. In view of the growing popularity of this biotechnology, various aspects of

alternative solution of animal feeding in livestock through vermitechnology have been dealt in

this article.

Earthworm culture is developing in many regions nowadays. Earthworms can be

produced by simple methods from many kinds of organic wastes. Products of soil earthworm

can be used as an alternative protein source for many cultured animals such as poultry, goat,

cow, sheep and fish. However, the use of worm dust as a source of protein in live animals is

being studied in Turkey in a small amount. A review was conducted to evaluate the potential

of earthworm powder in replacement of animal feeding.


Keywords: Vermitechnology, animal feeding, worm powder, earthworm, protein,

biotechnology

130

BM8_O2824

Performance and Some Blood Parameters of Three Goat Genotypes During Lactation

Hande IĢıl Akbağ1 Cemil Tölü

2 Türker SavaĢ

3 Ġ.Yaman Yurtman

4


1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey


3: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey


Abstract

Genotype by environment interactions may affect the performance traits of goats. Milk

production is substantially influenced by management and nutritional practice. This study

aims that determination of performance and some blood parameters of three goat genotype

breeding under the same condition. In this study lactating 10 Turkish Saanen, 10 Gokceada,

10 Maltese goats were used. Present study continue from April to October. Goats were fed

with oat hay, vetch hay and concentrate through the study; maize silage dry season; oat grain,

wheat grain and triticale grain in breeding season in the study. Goats were grazed on natural

pasture for 5-7 hours in a day through the study. Goats live weight, condition score, milk

yield, milk nutritional composition, serum glucose and urea concentration, blood hemoglobin

and hematocrit levels were recorded monthly determined in the present study. Live weight

changes were found significantly different in three goat genotypes (Gokceada, 41.23 kg;

Maltaese 47.66 kg; Turkish Saanen 55.45 kg, P=0.000). Milk yields of genotypes were

different and Turkish Saanen goats (1.81 kg) were had the highest milk yield in the study.

Serum glucose concentration significantly changed by genotypes in the present study

(P=0.003). Serum glucose level of the goat genotypes were 3.13 mmol/L, 2.93 mmol/L and

2.82 mmol /L for Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen goats respectively. Serum urea,

hemoglobin and hematocrit level of goats were not significantly changes by the genotypes. It

was concluded that live weight change and performance traits were different in goat

genotypes and blood biochemical and hematological parameters were changed in

physiologically limits.

Keywords: Turkish saanen, maltese, Gokceada, goat, milk

131

ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

132

BM8_O2745

Non Genetic Factors Affecting Some Growth Traits in Anatolian Buffaloes

Ertuğrul Kul1* Aziz ġahin

2 Hayrettin Çayıroğlu

3 Gökhan Filik

4

Emre Uğurlutepe5 Yusuf Kaplan

6





4: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kirsehir, Turkey


6: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, General Directorate of Agricultural

Research and Policy , Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of non-genetic factors on birth weight, 6-

month weight and 12-month weight of Anatolian Buffaloes raised in Amasya Province in

Turkey. A total of 440 buffalo calved in the year 2015 were constituted the research material.

Records of Improvement Project of Water Buffaloes in Farm Condition in Amasya province,

Turkey, were used as the investigation material. Data were analyzed using least-squares

procedures using SPSS package programme. The overall means for birth weight, 6-month

weight and 12-month weight were determined as 29.17±0.298 kg, 93.10±1.107 kg and

137.03±0.879 kg, respectively. The effect of sex on all growth traits were statistically

significant (P<0.01). The growth weights in male calves was significantly higher compared to

female calves. Birth weight (P<0.01), 6-month weight (P<0.05) and 12-month weight

(P<0.01) were affected by the calving season. Maternal age had a significant effect on 12-

month weight (P<0.01), but its effect on birth weight and 6-month weight were not

significant. It was concluded that the non-genetic factors estimated in this study were should

be considered in the selection programme of the Anatolian Buffalo in this herds.

Keywords: Anatolian buffaloes, birth weight, maternal age, calf sex

133

BM8_O2902

Determination of Honamlı and Hair Goats’ Interest Levels to Saplings in

Mediterranean Area of Turkey*

Aykut Asım AkbaĢ1* Ozkan Elmaz

2 Mustafa Saatci

3


1: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni A.d., Burdur, Turkey

2: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey


Abstract

Relationship between goat and forest is a endless debate coming up from the history. The

study was conducted to investigate the browsing level of Honamlı and Hair goats for saplings

in forest plantation sites for six month. It was carried out over new forest plantation site of

1.000 m2 with applied a number of processes to saplings (food colouring, fishing net, raffia

and shading) in this area. Two years-old 10 goats for each breed were used in the study.

In the study, it was seen there was browsing towards untreated saplings in all months of

measurement and observation times. Maximum browsing was displayed for the ones applied

with raffia on their tips (90.47%). This was followed by the ones treated with fishing net

(79.76%) and food colouring (76.19%), respectively. In addition, the ratio of browsing for

saplings treated with shading was considerably low (20.83%) compared to the other

applications. When browsing of goats for treatments of saplings was evaluated based on

breed; browsing for saplings treated with raffia was seen to be 95.23% and 85.71% for Hair

and Honamlı goats, respectively. While the ratio of browsing for saplings treated with shading

was considerably low; Honamlı had less interest (14.28%) to sapling with shading than Hair

goats

Results of this study has brought discussions into a more objective course by representing

scientific data for goat-forest relationship. Prejudgment of considering goats as an enemy of

the forests is found on the basis of “preparing action plans for decreasing the number of

goats” which are shaped against goats. Revealing possible behavior patterns of goats in forest

areas, which is the aim of study, will present objective data to general approach about goats.

* This article is a part of project supported by The Scientific and Technological Research

Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), project no: 114R064

Keywords: Browsing, forest plantation, goat, sampling

134

BM8_O2664

Daily Variation of CO2, CH4, NH3, H2S and Some Climatic Parameters in Closed Sheep

Barn in Konya (Türkiye) in Winter

Selda Uzal Seyfi 1 Fatma Ġlhan

2*


1: Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Farm Structure And Irrigation, Konya , Turkey

2: Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey

Abstract

Greenhouse gases are of the most important factors affecting global warming. Ammonia and

methane gases are among considerably harmful gases in terms of life of livings and quality of

environment and air. The aim of this study is to identify daily variations of the level of

harmful gases such as CO2, CH4, NH3, and H2S occurring in the closed shed and climatic

parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, air, flow, and light density, and the effect

of harmful gases on human health, animal welfare and air quality. The study was carried out

in the province Konya between the dates of January 21 and 31, 2013. In the study, the values

of temperature was measured between 13.65 o

C and 8.76 oC; relative humidity, between 87%

and 95%; air flow, between 0.46 m/s and 0.67 m/s; and light density, between 20 and 76 lux.

CO2 levels were measured between 956 ppm and 1610 ppm and NH3, 0.01-3734 ppm. Despite

this, the values of CH4 and H2S were found under the measurable limit. In this study, CO2

level was measured over allowable values for only one day and NH3 level, for two days. This

situation results from the inadequate ventilation and manure cleaning in barn. In sheep

breeding, it should be used that the new barn design appropriate to animal health and welfare,

health of workers, indoor air quality and environmental pollution.

Keywords: animal welfare,sheep barn,environmental pollution

135

Cage Tier Effect On Performance, Egg Quality Traits And Welfare Of Layer In Enriched Cage System

Bilgehan Yılmaz Dikmen Arda Sözcü Aydın İpek (BM8_O2756)

136

BM8_O2708

In vivo Estimation of Carcass Composition in Sheep Using Muscle Depth and Backfat

Thickness at 12/13 th Rib Site Measured by Ultrasound

Nezih Ata1 Engin Yarali

2 Onur Yilmaz

3* Ibrahim Cemal

4 Orhan Karaca

5



2: Adnan Menderes University. Çine Vocational School, Aydın, Turkey

3: Adnan Menderes University Faculty Of Agriculture Dept. Of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey


5: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey

Abstract

The objectives of the present study was to compare the ultrasonic measurements and in vivo

assesment of Musculus longissimus dorsi of Karya, Kıvırcık, Esme and Çine Çaparı lambs.

Least square means for live weight, cold carcass weight, backfat thickness (U-BT) and muscle

depth (U-MD)defined with ultrasound, backfat thickness (PL-BT) and muscle depth (PL-MD)

defined with planimeter at the mean age of 120 days were 32.92 kg, 16.64 kg, 0.16 cm, 1.93

cm, 0.19 cm and 2.09 cm, respectively. The correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and

in-vivo assessment of backfat thickness and muscle depth belong to Musculus longissimus

dorsi muscle were positive and statistically significant. Obtained results from the present

study showed that ultrasound technology can be used effectively to determine conformation

and fatness status in small ruminants.

Keywords: Small ruminants, MLD, ultrasound, carcass

137

BM8_O2693

Environmental Effects of Beef Raising; Carbon and Water Footprint

Unsal Dogru1 Olcay Guler

2*


1: Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, Turkey

2: Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

Abstract

Environment; It is an important global unity that consists of air, land, water, and their

biocycle, where human beings are dependent. Leaving a clean environment for future

generations is the first responsibility of people living today. Increased environmental

pollution, have led to the introduction of scientific terms, such as carbon footprints and water

footprints; the loss of various activities of the living creatures has been measured in these

terms. Carbon footprint; the amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere, and the

water footprint determines the water consumption and water pollution rate. The effects of

globalization on it and the uncontrolled increase of human population encourage food

production and consumption in excess. The contribution of meat production and meat cattle

operations to environmental pollution and the proposal for solutions have been discussed in

recent years.

Keywords: Beef cattle raising, beef, carbon footprint, water footprint

138

BM8_O2755

Effects of Temperature Humidity Index on Dairy Cow Performance

Ekin Sucu1* Lance Baumgard

2


1: Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey

2: Iowa State University, Ames, United States

Abstract

The objective was to determine performance changes of different stages of lactation in high

producing dairy cows under summer heat.Two studies conducted in two seasons (spring and

summer) with 91 multiparous Holstein cows.Animals were individually full-fed with total

mixed ration twice daily for 3 months in both periods. Individual milk yield and feed intake

was collected daily while milk components were obtained weekly. Ambient temperature (Ta)

and relative humidity (RH) were taken at a local farm, which was located approximately 4 km

from the dairy farm.Daily maximum and minimum temperatures and humidity were also used

for to calculate temperature-humidity (THI) index. The spring period was characterized by a

less heat stress environment; mean maximum and minimum Ta and RH were 18.05 and 7.8 ºC

and 89.23 and 51.89%, respectively.THI values of maximum and minimum means for the

spring were 62.52 and 47.30, respectively.The summer period was characterized by a more

heat stress environment; mean maximum and minimum Ta and RH were 26.66 and 17.05 ºC

and 97.69 and 53.19%, respectively.The THI values of maximum and minimum means for the

summer were 76.58 and 62.52, respectively. As a result of this study, when the THI value

increased from 55 to 69, the highest reduction (1.8%) in milk production and feed intake

(10.6%) was observed in 70-76 days in milk animals. In the same group of animals, milk yield

decreased by 0.47 kg per cow per day for each point increase in the THI values above 69.Milk

urea nitrogen (15 vs. 17) and somatic cell counts (99 vs. 469) were higher in the same group

for the summer period.The other stage of lactation animals were not as affected by summer

THI.Results indicate summer heat load has strong effects on milk production and feed intake

in dairy cows especially in early through mid-lactation.

Keywords: Heat stress, temperature, humidity index, dairy cow

BM8_O2767

139

Retrospective Molecular Study of Bovine Leukemia Virus (blv) in Turkey

T. Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu1 B. Taylan Koç

2* Firat Dogan

3




3: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Background: Enzootic Bovine Leucosis Virus (EBLV) infects bovine species and belongs to

Deltaretrovirinae into Retroviridae family. This infection has high economic importance in

livestock industry. EBLV have been reported among cattle in many geographical parts of

world and Turkey. In this study, we have genetically compared some BLVs from Turkey

between 2007 and 2010 in two infected farms.

Material/methods: The seven blood samples from two distinct geographical province (Farm1,

n=4; Farm2, n=3) had been detected positive for EBLV by commercial ELISA kit. The farms

have contained imported animals. Viral nucleic acids were extracted using a commercial kit

according to its manual. Envelope (env) and gag gene regions from BLV genome were

amplified and obtained products were sequenced with Sanger Method. Phylogenetic analysis

was performed using by MEGA 6.0.

Results: Phylogenetic trees for two gene regions (env and gag) have similar results with each

other. Our BLV sequences in this study have localized on two separated branch as different

from other sequences.

Conclusions: Our results showed that these BLV strains were different from other Turkish

BLV strains at before. Additionally, these results have indicated that different strains have

been circulating in Turkey. It should be cared out these circumstances in prevention and

control against BLV infection.

** All authors have contributed equally to the study.

Keywords: Bovine leukemia virus ,molecular characterization,turkey

140

BM8_O2747

Determination of Oxide and Reducing Glutathione Levels by Glutathione Peroxidase

Activity in Colon Cancer Patients

Kemal Gökçe1 ġeker Dağ

2*


1: University, Ankara, Turkey

2: University, Sivas, Turkey

Abstract

Colon cancer was diagnosed In our study, Blood samples were taken from individuals

between 18-75 years of age and the amounts of oxides and reduced glutathione and GPx

activity were studied. Erythrocyte isolation was performed without loss of time from 3 ml

blood samples taken from patients and control group individuals.Hemoglobin quantities were

determined from the standard plot drawn by monitoring the cyanomethhemoglobin

conversion of methemoglobin in the presence of cyanide at 540 nm. Glutathione peroxidase

activity was determined by spectrophotometrically monitoring the oxidation of NADPH at a

wavelength of 340 nm. Amounts of oxides and reducible glutathione were also determined

from the standard plot drawn, following the 412 nm wavelength of the yellow 2-nitro-5-

thiobenzoic acid formation. GPx activity of colon cancer patients (5,64 ± 1,49U/gHb), GSH

concentration (6,96 ± 1,45 nmol/gHb) and GSH/GSSG rate (1,04 ± 0,49) According to the

control group (GPx: 10,52 ± 2,22 U/gHb, GSH: 11,43 ± 1,90 nmol/gHb, GSH/GSSG: 3,86 ±

1,30) At a considerable decline, Amount of GSSG (7,20 ± 1,17 nmol/gHb) According to the

control group(3,09 ± 0,48 nmol/gHb) It was seen to have increased significantly. These

results support the view that the oxidant / antioxidant system balance is impaired in patients

with colon cancer.

Keywords: Colon cancer, glutathione peroxidase, glutahione

141

BM8_O2843

Contributions of Women Living in Rural Regions of Turkey to Family Economy and

Cultural Heritage Through Handicrafts Using Animal Fibers

Zeynep Erdogan1 Gürsel Dellal

2 AyĢem Yanar

3*

Feryal Soylemezoglu4 Erkan Pehlivan

5


1: Ankara University, Faculty of Fine Art, Dept. of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Properties, Ankara,

Turkey



Turkey


Turkey


Abstract

In rural regions, women have many responsibilities both in and out of the household. In rural

regions, women who work in agriculture are called by names such as farmer women or rural

housewives. They work in every stage of plant and animal production beside daily routines

such as food preparation, cleaning laundry, dishwashing and child care. Women also utilize

remainder of their free time from daily routines by handicraft production. Types of

handicrafts produced in rural regions are determined by the region‟s geographical, climatic

and socio-cultural structure with production techniques and areas of use as the base and many

products obtained from plant and animal production are used in the production of these

handicrafts as raw materials. One of the most important animal products used handicraft

production in Turkey is fiber, and fleece, angora wool, cashmere, goat upper rough fiber are

used in the production of many handicraft products such as carpets, rugs, socks, scarves,

gloves and tents for centuries. Mainly women work in the production of these handicrafts,

thus, contributing to family economy and by extension sustainability of rural living and

conservation and development of folkloric culture. In this study, contributions of women

living in rural regions of Turkey, to family economy and cultural heritage by production of

handicrafts using animal fibers are analyzed from past to present in terms of techniques and

economics and suggestions to increase these contributions sustainably are given.

Keywords: Rural development, woman, handicrafts, animal fiber, cultural heritage

142

BM8_O2911

A Level of Some Chemical Elements (Ca, Na, K, P, Ba, Fe, Mg And Zn) in Blood Plasma

E Feral Pigeon (Columba Livia-f.urbana), from Three Deferent Environments Exposed

to Heavy Metals

Sheval Memishi1* Isa R. Elezaj, Qerim I. Selimi


1: State University Of Tetova,, Tetovo, Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of environmental pollution in level of

some chemical elements (Ca, Na, K, P, Ba, Fe, Mg and Zn), in blood plasma of Feral

pigeons free living in three diferent localities; Mitrovica town (urban and industrial

pollution with heavy metals ), Peja town (urban pollution), and village Lukijë (agro-rural),

unpolluted locality. The results of this study show significantly higher level of Ba in the

plasma of Feral pigeons from Mitrovica, in comparison with level in plasma of Feral pigeons

from Peja town and Lukijë (P < 0.001; P<0.005 respectively). Significantly lower level of Ca

in plasma of Feral pigeons from Mitrovica (P< 0.002), in comparison with pigeons from

Peja and significantly higher level of K and Na in plasma of Feral pigeons from Peja (P<

0.043) in comparison with Mitrovica, and Na in comparison with Mitrovica ( P<0.006), and

Lukijë ( P< 0.046). The level of plasma Fe and Mg of Feral pigeons from Mitrovica were

higher (but not statistically significant), in comparison with levels in the plasma of pigeons

from Peja and Lukijë. Present findings are promising to optimize the use of small plasma

samples in order to investigate several responses relative to wildlife health status.

Keywords: Plasma, feral pigeons, mitrovica, peja, significantly

143

BM8_O2654

Feral Pigeon (Columba Livia) Health Effects of Environmental Pollution With Lead

(Pb) and Nickel (Ni)

Albana Plakiqi Milaimi 1*


1: "hasan Prishtina" University, Faculty Of Natural And Mathematics Sciences, Dept. Of Biology, Prizren,

Kosovo

Abstract

The purpose of this study was the finding of the effects of pollution by lead (Pb) and nickel

(Ni) from ferronickel smelter in the town of Drenas. Through the biological monitoring we

had intended to evaluate the influence of lead and nickel on biochemical and hematological

parameters; to identify whether heavy metals, will be accumulated in the liver of feral pigeon

(Columba livia), and to note the effects that can have this environmental pollution in the

histology of liver. For this purpose, we took 20 birds (nine male and 11 female) from the

ferronickel smelter courtyard, and 20 (11 male and 9 female) from Lubizhdë village (control

group).

We have measured the the blood aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and the

blood lead level; Erythrocytes (R.B.C.) and Leukocytes (W.B.C.) count, Haemoglobin

concentration and Hematocrit value. The histological studies were focused on the liver

histology, and the concentration of Pb and Ni in the liver.

The results of these parameters shown that in the Drenas population of feral pigeon, the blood

ALAD activity was significantly inhibited (P<0.001), blood lead level was significantly

increased (P<0.01) and correlation between ALAD and blood lead level was negative (r=-

0.117; P<0.05). R.B.C. count (P < 0.05) and W.B.C. (P < 0.001) was higher. Hematocrit

value (P< 0.05) was higher and haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower (P <

0.001), compared to the control group. We found that Pb and Ni concentrations in the liver

was increased (P < 0.05, P<0.001). In the liver, we found out the histological alterations,

ranging from leukocyte infiltration, tissue vacuolization, extended of interstitial spaces and

necrosis.

Keywords: Feral pigeon , environmental pollution , lead , nickel , liver , bioaccumulation,

ferronickel smelter

144

BM8_O2634

Optimal Barn Characteristics for Dairy Cows Under Hot Climatic Conditions

Serap Goncu1 Nazan Koluman

2*


1: Cukurova Univ., Adana, Turkey


Abstract

A optimum barn environment is essential for cow comfort, health and productivity, and milk

quality. A good barn environment means that the provide animal enough ventilation, good

lighting and good air at all. Appropriate construction methods of the buildings and

management methods can improve the thermal environment of the animals. There are several

types of barns depending on the many factors. Design of the barn and the stalls for the cows

can be relevant to control of environment. Each climatic zone requires different barn types for

livestock. The length of the barn is determined primarily by the size of milking group, which

is primarily a function of the type and size of parlor. Cows should not have to wait in a

holding area over about one hour, so the number of cows in a group should be approximately

the number that can be milked in an hour. A 300-foot, 4-row barn will house approximately

150 cows on each side and should be used with a parlor that will milk 150 cows per hour. The

size of milking groups also determines the size of the premilking holding area, which should

provide at least 15 ft2 per cow in the milking group. Research results showed that the optimal

barn for high-yielding cows is the loose-housing type, oriented with its long axis

perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction under hot climatic conditions. Advantageous to

the design would be an open ridge or pagoda with marginal height of over 4.7m for north-

south orientation and over 5m for east-west orientation, roof slope over 11%, and barn width

between 43 and 51m for north-south orientation but lower than 42m for east-west orientation.

The objective of this study was to determine optimum barn characteristics for high-yielding

dairy cows under hot climatic conditions

Keywords: Barn, dairy cows, hot climate, management

145

BM8_O2774

The New Generation of Pesticides as Neonicotinoids and Honey Bees

Ġbrahim Çakmak1*


1: Uludag University, Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Bursa, Turkey

Abstract

The beekeeping industry has been experiencing serious colony losses in recent years and

neonicotinoids is considered one of the major factors affecting recent colony die-

offs. Neonicotinoids have been defined as chemicals affecting neurons of organisms.

Moreover these chemicals affect insects more than mammals generally. Therefore the new

generation of pesticides as neonicotinoids are widely used pesticides and also considered very

effective and long lasting chemicals. These pesticides when used in sunflowers as seed cover

can be detected in honey bee colonies.

The neonicotinoids can be fed to the workers in small amounts as sublethal level and can be

explained as not so harmfull to the honey bees. The foraging behavior of honeybee workers

are affected and consequently colony development may be slowed down resulting weak

colonies. Therefore it is important to know how these neonicotinoids work so slowly and

cause colony losses silenlty without appearant symptoms.

In conclusion, when considering colony losses in beekeeping industry among many factors,

neonicotinoids should be considered seriously even though many companies may try to prove

that neonicotinoids can be fed to the bees and nothing happened immediately. These new

pesticides affect the nervous system of bees and honey bees may die in the field or may not be

able to do regular jobs or labors in the hive due to sublethal effects of those insecticides. It is

also very common to see unexplained colony losses in many parts of the world. This might be

due to deposited honey and pollen contaminated with neonicotinoids before winter.

Keywords: Neonicotinoids , honey bees, colony losses, sublethal effect

146

BM8_O2847

The Effect of Skin Color Proportion of Holstein Cow on Production Parameters

Yahya Tuncay Tuna1* Ahmet Refik Önal

2 Feyyaz Avcı

3

AyĢe ġen4 Erkan Pehlivan

5 Gürsel Dellal

6





4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey

5: Ankara University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey

6: Ankara University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was determination of the effect of color proportion (black-white) on

reproductive performance and milk production levels. The material of study was 61 heads of

Holstein cows and their records of first and second lactation. The two side of each animal

recorded by video camera and transferred to computer than got to images per cow. Proportion

black and white color counted by image processing methods. The stepwise method applied for

improvement regression model to estimate effect color proportion on yield.

The parameters evaluated for reproductive performance were first insemination age, age at

first calving, time period between two calving, service period, insemination number per

pregnancy and milk production parameters were lactation period, total lactation milk yield,

305 days milk yield. The descriptive statistics were 15.58±0.36; 24.56±0.38; 94.43±2.61;

433.31±10.35 and 2.47±0.09 determined for first insemination age, age at first calving, time

period between two calving, service period, insemination number per pregnancy respectively,

and 362.07±9.81; 61.09±0.61; 11190.78±233.67 and 9816.03±159.35 for lactation period,

total lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield respectively for production levels.

The result indicated that no statistical significant between white color rate and age at first

calving, first insemination age and time period between two calving (p>0.05). It was high

statistical significant calculated between white color rate, service period and insemination

number per pregnancy (p<0.01; p<0.05). The study show that the change one 1% of white

color on positive way effect 1.9 lt daily milk production and the white color rate can be used

for a selection dairy cows.


Keywords: Holstein , color proportion, image processing, morphometric measurements,

reproduction, milk production

147

BM8_O2889

Evaluation of Animal Side Products: Diyarbakir Sample

Dilek ġentürk Demirel1* Ramazan DEMĠREL

1


1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Diyarbakır, Turkey

Abstract

Environmental health problems arising from animal wastes can be as harmful as problems

caused by some industrial wastes. Particularly surface waters are mainly sources of water

pollution, which are used as receiving area drainage, agriculture water and animal wastes. It is

known that some industrial wastes cause non-conversion losses. One of the agents that cause

environmental health problems as well as industrial wastes are animal wastes. Processing of

these animal wastes into rendering products, biogas and composting methods contribute to the

prevention of health threatening environmental pollution. Considering such valuable raw

materials as bait that will not be slaughtered, it makes a significant contribution to the

economy of the country due to animal husbandry.

In Diyarbakır province, a survey was conducted in 4 cutting houses, 1 of which were public

institutions and 3 of which were private sector. Since there is not any factory / industrial

organization providing service for the operation of animal by-products, most of the animal by-

products obtained are sent as raw materials to the factory / industry establishment in other

provinces. It has been determined that because of the culinary culture, offal for animal by-

products is used and others (leather, kokorec, breast oil and bone) are sent out of the province.

The rest seem to have been thrown away.

This Study, how the livestock enterprises in Diyarbakır Province evaluated their wastes was

investigated. In this way, the situation in the region has been determined and it is aimed to

establish a base for the work to be done later.

Keywords: Animal by-products, Diyarbakır, cutting houses, animal wastes

148

BM8_O2701

Behaviors of Different Chicken Genotypes Under Dermanyssus Gallinae Infestation

CoĢkun Konyalı1* Hakan Erdem

2 Türker SavaĢ

3


1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversity, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale, Turkey

2: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey


Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of mite infestation on different genotypes at

early growth period. A total of six genotypes, 1 broiler (Cobb 500) and 4 layer (Super Nick,

Atabey, Atak and Atak-S) chicks were used in this study (total N=208).Chicks from each

genotype were kept as either control or infested with D. gallinae.Behaviors of the birds were

observed during 30 minutes in the morning and afternoon one day once a week. The observed

behaviors were locomotion, feeding, resting and preening. The observation methods were, for

preening continuous sampling and for locomotion, feeding and resting time sampling by five

minutes intervals. Statistical analyzes were performed with the sum of each observation

period per animal and behavior. The data were analyzed with repeated measure variance

analysis (ANOVA), which included group, genotype, observation period and their interactions

as fixed effects.The locomotion was higher in mite infested groups (P<.0001) and the resting

behavior was higher in control groups (P<.0001). There were no statistical differences

between control and infested groups for feeding behavior (P=0.1547).The preening behavior

was 6.7 times per bird in control group, but this value for infested chicks was obtained as 22.0

times per bird (P<.0001).The animals were more preened and more mobile in the morning

than in the afternoon (P<.0001).Broiler genotype showed less locomotion (P<.0001) and

preening than the layer genotypes (P<.0001).No significant interaction effects between

infestation groups and genotypes were found (P>0.05).It was seen that chicks‟ behaviors were

closely related with mite density.As a result, Dermanyssus gallinae was importantly altered

host behaviors on each genotypes and chicks were seriously suffered and stressed even if in

resting time because of biting of mites.In this context, poultry red mite has malignant effects

on birds with regard to welfare and health and infested birds were considered as „fatigued

animals‟.

Keywords: Poultry, red mite, ectoparasite, behavior, stress, welfare

149

BM8_O2752

Determination of Lactation Curve Parameters Using Monthly Milk Records Obtained

With an Automatic Milking System in Holstein Cattle

Aziz ġahin1* Zafer UlutaĢ

2 Ertuğrul Kul

3 Emre Uğurlutepe

4



2: Omer Halisdemir University Department Of Animal Production And Technologies, Niğde, Turkey



Abstract

In this study, the monthly milk yield records of the first lactation of 150 Holstein cattle born

in 2015 in KırĢehir province were used. For this purpose, Wood equation was used to define

the lactation curves. In the current study, the lactation curve parameters were determined with

STATISTICA statistical program. The coefficient of determination (R2), residual standard

deviation (RSD) statistics and lactation curve parameters were estimated. The coefficient of

determination (R2), residual standard deviation, lactation curve parameters (a, b and c) for

Wood model were estimated as 96.09, 0.203, 22.33, 0.135, 0.026 for first lactation,

respectively.

It was concluded that the lactation curve parameters determined by the Wood model might be

a significant parameter to the studies in this herd.

Keywords: Lactation curve parameters, holstein cattle, the coefficient of determination,

residual standard deviation

150

BM8_O2845

The Relationship Between Body Hygiene Score and Locomotion Score

Ahmet Refik Önal1* Rıdvan Aydın

2 Yahya Tuncay Tuna

3

AyĢe ġen4 Muhittin Özder

5




3: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey, Tekirdağ,

Turkey

4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey

5: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey, Tekirdag,

Turkey

Abstract

Housing or barn cleaning conditions (manure) effect to body hygiene score and also

locomotion score of dairy cows in dairy farm. Body hygiene score, locomotion score and barn

hygiene conditions are already the main measurements of welfare parameters in dairy farms.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between body hygiene score

and locomotion score of dairy cows. The study was conducted on a big commercial dairy

farm which has 3000 heads of milking cow capacity in Turkey. This study was carry out in

separated one pen by 202 heads of milking cow and the primary cattle breed was Holstein.

Chi-square test for independence applied for determine whether there is a significant

relationship between body hygiene scores and locomotion scores. SPSS software used for data

processed.

It was determined that the biggest body hygiene scores for 1,2,3 and 4 locomotion score

groups were 1 (38.1%), 2 (50.5%), 2 (43.1%) and 3 (66.7%) respectively and was highly

statistical significant relationship between body hygiene scores and locomotion scores

(p<0.01). In addition, the 45.5% of total milking cows had 2 body hygiene score and 29.2%

had 3, 23.3% had 1 and 2% had 4 body hygiene score respectively.

The result indicated that the barn cleaning conditions has an effect on laminitis in dairy farms

and the well barn management practices can help to decrease the lame animal numbers.

Keywords: body hygiene score, locomotion score, laminitis, dairy cow

151

BM8_O2627

Measurements Of Healthy Hooves, Their Interrelation and Correlation With Body Mass

in Some Improved Goat Breeds

Nazan Koluman1* Serap Goncu

2


1: Cukurova University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey


Abstract

The aim of this paper was to determine the measures of the hoof and its relationship with

body mass of different goat breeds, raised in semi-intensive conditions at subtropical

Mediterranean region of Turkey. For this aim, four improved goat breeds as Saanen, Alpine,

Damascus, Boer, were raised in Research Farm unit of Cukurova University, Agricultural

Faculty, Dairy Goat Research Farm, were used as animal material. All does were 2 years old

and in first lactations. The herd dense was 500 heads live in the semi-open barn of which has

1.5 m2 surface area per animals. Measured traits were length of hoof, height of hoof, height of

heel, diagonal diameter of hoof, width of hoof, bulb length, claw length, and dorsal wall

angle. At the end of the study there were significant differences found between hoof

dimensions and dairy and meat type goats in intensive conditions. The meat type goats,

Damascus and Boer had higher hoof dimensions than the dairy Alpine and Saanen goats. On

contrary to this the front claw of the goats were larger than the back side. The significant

differences between adult live weights of genotypes were determined as expected. By

examining correlation coefficient between body mass and claw length, height of hoof,

diagonal diameter of hoof and bulb height, there were positive and significant correlation. On

contrary negative and significant correlation with length of hoof and body weight of intensive

goats, as well.

Keywords: Goat, hooves , measurements

152

BM8_O2814

Investigation Of Some Honeybee Pathogens In Ccd-resemble Apiaries

Mustafa Necati Muz1* Dilek Muz

2


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology , Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Virology, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Colony losses, which are remarkable in the world for more than ten years, are regarded as

honey bee health problems arising from the interaction of different factors and agents. The

viruses, Nosema ceranae and Varroa destructor among the disease agents threaten the colony

health, have significant importance. In this study, the honeybee samples delivered to our

laboratory from different apiaries in Tekirdag province between 2015 and 2016, were

examined. Samples were sent by complaints with "unexpected decrease in colony populations

or sudden colony loss". A total of 510 honey bee samples from 17 apiaries were tested for

Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), Nosema cerenae and Varroa destructor. DWV and N.cerenae

were detected in 15 and 5 apiaries, respectively while varroosis was detected in all apiaries. N.

ceranae was not be detected in the DWV negative two apiaries. In this study, it was

concluded that considering the presence of DWV, Nosema cerenae and Varroa destructor

in colony collapse resemble cases, and it would be advantageous the precaution and treatment

strategies for bees against these pathogens.

Keywords: Honeybee colony losses , DWV, nosema, varroa destructor, Turkey

153

BM8_O2810

Investigation Of Culicoides (diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges Fauna And

Presence of Bluetongue Virus and Schmallenberg Virus

Dilek Muz1* Bilal Dik

2 Mustafa Necati Muz

3



2: Selcuk University Veterinary Faculty Department of Parasitology, Konya, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges play an important role in the mechanical

and biological vector of arboviruses, and are very effective in the transmission of infections

between regions. The aim of this study is to determine the species diversity of Tekirdağ

province Culicoides, the existence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus

(SBV). For this purpose, Culicoides samples were collected from June-September 2015

period. Molecular analysis of Culicoides samples and investigated for the viruses. For this

purpose, Culicoides genomic ITS-1 gene-specific PCR tests and qPCR tests were conducted

to investigate the presence of BTV and SBV. According to the microscopic examinations of

collected samples; C. newsteadi, C. schultzei, C. nubeculosus komp., C. punctatus, C.

circumscriptus, C. obselatus komp., C. gejgelensis, C. festivipennis, C. longipennis,

C.pulicaris, C.picturatus, C.odiatus, C. kurensis, C. flavipulicaris. As a result of the

molecular analysis made, five Culicoides species were sequenced. The samples were found to

be negative for MDV while a sample for SBV was found as positive in the Q-PCR tests.

Keywords: Blutongue virus, schmallenberg virus, culicoides, PCR

154

BM8_O2649

Teat Papillomatosis Case in a Damascus Goat (shami Goat) in Hatay Province, Turkey:

A New Putative Papillomavirus?

Firat Dogan1* Selvi Deniz Dorttas

2 Seval Bilge Dağalp

3

Veysel Soydal Ataseven4 Feray Alkan

5


1: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey

2: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary, Dept. Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey

3: Ankara University, Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Virology, Ankara, Turkey

4: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Hatay, Turkey


Abstract

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in

the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. Papillomatosis is

often observed on the skin of the udder and teat. Especially, teat papillomatosis in animals is

an important health problem causing economic losses. Because milking can become quite

difficult in affected individuals, papillomas might predispose animals to mastitis.

The aim of this study was to carry out molecular detection and typing of papillomavirus (PV)

in a goat with teat papillomatosis. With this purpose, after doing PCR using FAP59/64 and

MY09/11 primer pair, PV DNA detected the sample, were used for typing using sequence

analysis/PCR with type specific primers for bovines and caprine. The sample was detected as

positive only FAP59/64 primer pair and according to the results of sequence analysis was

suggested as one new putative type and has a sequence homology ranging from 46.47 to

80.31% with some known papillomaviruses, including Capra hircus Papillomavirus (ChPV-

2), Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) 6, 7, 10 and 12, Rangifer tarandus papillomavirus 3

isolate (RIPV-3) and BPV-7Z (Alpine wild ruminants papillomavirus; Cervus elaphus

papillomavirus).

We propose, the first determination of a new putative type (KY554215 HTY-Goat Teat-

TR2016) in a goat with teat papillomatosis. Furthermore, it is essential to identify the PV

types in different animal species and investigate their prevalence/distribution, clinical

consequences, for the development of prophylactic and/or therapeutic procedures and

determine interspecies transmission potential and evolution of PVs.

Keywords: Teat papillomatoiss, goat, PCR, sequence analaysis

155

156

BM8_O2793

Comparison of Some Slaughtered Characteristics of Bulls of Different Breeds in Turkey

Aziz ġahin1 Ertuğrul Kul

2* Abdulhalik Demirgüç

3



2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dep. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey


Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the slaughtered characteristics such as slaughter

weight, hot carcass weight, cooling loss, offal weight and dressing percentage of Holstein

(n=94), Simmental (n=32), Simmental Crossbreed (n=16), Brown Swiss (n=25) and Brown

Swiss crossbred (n=36) bulls with between 18 and 24 months of age, obtained from a private

slaughterhouse located in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Data were analysed using

SPSS package. The mean value of slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cooling loss, offal

weight and dressing percentage were determinated as 472.16±5.172 kg, 273.47±3.004 kg,

34.98±0.383 kg, 163.73±1.787 kg and 57.913±0.013%, respectively. The highest slaughter

weight, offal weight and cooling loss were found in Holstein bulls, but lowest in Brown Swiss

crossbreed bulls. Hot carcass weight of Holstein bulls were significantly higher than other

breeds. Dressing percentage of Brown Swiss crossbred bulls were found highest while the

lowest dressing percentage was calculated in Simental crossbred bulls. The results of present

study revealed that Holstein bulls had better potentials for slaughtered characteristics

compared to other breeds under Turkey conditions.

Keywords: Slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cooling loss, offal weight, dressing

percentage

157

BM8_O2918

An Evaluation of Poultry Waste and Investigation of The Use of Liquid Waste Water

Abdullah Yinanç1*


1: Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Increasing population and search for a better quality of life in our country cause rapid increase

of energy consumption, a decrease in the available energy sources, a higher demand and cost

of raw materials. In this case, organic wastes are also considered as an energy source and re-

use of them is obligatory.

By 2014, there were approximately 15 million cattle, 43 million small ruminants, and 270

million poultry (meat, eggs) in our country. When we receive an adult chicken as the basis

that produces 175 g/day of fresh organic waste, 17 million tons of organic poultry waste are

produced in our country daily.

It is of utmost importance that these solid wastes are made harmless, their pollution of the

environment is prevented and these wastes are used. At the same time, disposal of wastes is

very important in terms of public health and prevention of disease sources.

This study is based more on application rather than on a theoretical basis. In this study having

two stages, the obtaining a different type of compost and working on gasification, as well as

the different means of disposal and utilization of wastes and refinement and disposal of the

waste have been studied.

Here, the material to be composted is studied in terms of the total pore volume of the

environment, the speed of the air volume composting function, the physical structure of the

organic matter material in the slurry and the porosity increasing material additives which

improve the structure and compost properties.

As a result of the conducted studies,the use of chicken wastes as an organic fertilizer source

for garden and field crops, the treatment of more efficient compost production, and

consequently the evaluation of waste water containing a mixture of chicken manure and

animal manure in the wastewater treatment system have been the subjects of this study.

Keywords: Fertilizer liquid, treatment, energy source, different technologies, gasification

158

BM8_O2903

Investigation of Lavender Foal Syndrome in Turkish Arabian Horses in Eskişehir

Region

Muhammet Kaya1*, Tuğba Yıldız

1, Elif Günvar

1, Metin TaĢ

1


1: Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotehnology, Eskisehir, Turkey

Abstract

115 Turkish arabian horse reared in Eskisehir, were monitored with respect to the genetic

disorder defined as Levander Foul Syndrom (LFS). These are autosomal recessive hereditary

disorders causing serious economic losses in horse breeding throughout the world. In order to

determine the presence of LFS genotypes in horse raised in Eskisehir, genomic DNA was

obtained from blood using salting out technique and the amplicons were obtained by using

PCR. PCR products were digested with FauI restriction enzymes. Digested products of LFS

were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results demonstrated that 35 out of 115

animals were the carrier of LFS. Thus, it can be concluded that mutant alleles of LFS are exist

in Eskisehir, and therefore, horse and especially semen used in artificial insemination should

be monitored for these disorders.

Keywords: Turkish Arabian Horse, Genetic disorder, LFS, PCR-RFLP

159

ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH


160

BM8_P2770 A Study on The Variation of Lambing Times in The Periods of Days and Lambing

Seasons to Karacabey Merino Sheep Population for a Private Farm

Mehmet Ġhsan Soysal1* Eser Kemal Gürcan

2 Emel Özkan Ünal

3




3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine some birth characteristic‟s effects on birth weight in

Karacabey Merino sheep. All animals were raised a special farm in Tekirdağ. Birth records

were obtained from 483 lambs in totally. In present study, birth characteristics were chosen as

birth season (September, October, November, December and January), lamb gender, birth

type (single and twin) and birth time within the day. Birth time is evaluated hourly and 4

groups in a day (23:01–05:00; 05:01-11:00; 11:01-17:00; 17:01-23:00).The number and

percent values of birth seasons (September, October, November, December and January),

were found 24, 128, 117, 110 and 103 (4.9%, 26%, 24%, 22% and 21%), respectively. These

values were found 250 (52%) and 232 (48%) female and male animal; 264 (54%) and 209

(46%) single and twin lambs, respectively. The effects of these characters were detected on

the birth weight of lambs. Birth time and birth season were not found significant but birth type

and gender factors were found very significant on birth weight (P<0.01). The least square

means of birth weight were found 5.24 ± 0.10 and 4.21 ± 0.11 kg for single and twin birth

type and 4.63 ± 0.10 and 4.82 ± 0.11 kg for female and male animal, respectively. Similarly,

these values were found 4.74 ± 0.21, 4.63 ± 0.07, 4.49 ± 0.09 and 4.51 ± 0.12 kg for 4 groups

in a day (23:01–05:00; 05:01-11:00; 11:01-17:00; 17:01-23:00) for birth time (P>0.05),

respectively.

Keywords: Birth weight, karacabey merino, birth time , birth season, birth characteristic

161

BM8_P2914

The Effect of Lactic Acid and Basillus Bacteries on Dairy Goats Teat Health

Alper Onenc1*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

The study was carried out in a commercial dairy goat farm. A total of 400 dairy goats were

used to compare two different pre-dip matterials. The first group (n=200 goat) was housed in

the left side of the barn, the second group (n=200 goat) was housed in the right side of the

barn.

All animals were milked in the 48 stall - rotary milking system. During 5 weeks, first group

goats were treated with a commercial pre-dip after milking, the second group goats were

treated with pre-dip solution consist of lactic and basillus bacteries after milking.

During trial, milk conductivity, milk production values were measured .

The results showed that there was no significant differences between to groups.

Keywords: Pre-dip, milking hygiene, goat

162

BM8_P2643

The Effects of Thermal Manipulation During Early and Late Embryogenesis on

Hatching Weight, Sexual Maturity Weight, Age At Sexual Maturity And First Egg

Weight In Japanese Quails

(Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

Sezai Alkan1* Kemal Karabağ

2 Ġsmail Türker

1 Taki Karslı

3


1: Ordu University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Ordu, Turkey

2 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Antalya

3 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Antalya

Abstract

The objective of the this study is to investigate the effect of thermal manipulations during

early (EE) and late embryogenesis (LE) on hatching weight, age at sexual maturity, sexual

maturity weight and first egg weight in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

Incubation conditions from day 0 to day 14 were; 37.7 ºC and 55% relative humidity for

control group. In the thermally treated eggs during early embryogenesis (EE6, EE7 and EE8

days), incubation temperature was increased to 41 ºC and relative humidity to 65% for 3 hours

(12.00-15.00). In the same way, in the late embryogenesis stage (EL12, EL13 and EL14 days),

incubation temperature was increased to 41 ºC and relative humidity to 65% 3 hours (12.00–

15.00) at consecutive days. Eggs were divided three groups in this study. After the thermal

treatments, immediately incubation conditions were restored to the regular levels (37.7 ºC and

55% relative humidity). At the 15th day of incubation, the eggs were transferred to hatching

trays.

At hatching in each group, all chicks were wing-banded and individually weighed. Thermal

manipulations had significant effects on hatching weight, first egg weight, age at sexual

maturity and sexual maturity weight. Lowest hatching weight (7.79 g) was found in late

embryogenesis (LE) group. Also, lowest first egg weight (7.62 g) was determined in control

(C) group. Lowest age at sexual maturity (37.63 days) and sexual maturity weight (192.40 g)

was determined in late embryogenesis (LE) group.

Keywords: Quails, thermal manipulation, hatching weight, first egg weight

163

BM8_P2872

Buffalo Milk Products

Serap Durakli Velioglu1 Göksel Tırpancı Sivri

2

M.ihsan Soysal3 Mehmet Demirci

4*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Eng., Tekirdağ, Turkey

3: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty of Agric. Dept. of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey

4: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Buffalo milk is the second most widely produced milk in the world. It has a great importance

because of its nutritional and technological properties. The composition of buffalo milk

differs from other types of milk in terms of major components (fats, proteins, and water

content) as well as minor components such as carotenes and riboflavin. Buffalo milk is a

favourable raw material in the production of various premium traditional dairy products

especially in Asia and Europe. These products include Mozzarella, Ricotta, Provola, Treccia

in Italy, Buffalo Milk Yoghurt and Kaymak in Turkey, Yoghurt, Butter, Braila and Vladeasa

in Romania, Pecorini in Bulgaria, Ghee and Dahi in India, and Gemir in Iraq. The consumers‟

demand for buffalo products has been increasing in recent years because of the different

aroma, structure and natural properties of buffalo milk products. The dairy industry also

values the superior properties of buffalo milk, which make it very suitable for producing

various dairy products. The high proportion of milk solids in buffalo milk not only makes it

ideal for processing into premium products, but also contributes to some extent to save energy

during processing. The high solids content of buffalo milk reduces the need to add milk

proteins and to evaporate water during yogurt processing. Buffalo milk has twice the fat

content of cow milk, and is favored in the production of a variety of products because of its

taste and texture superior to cow milk. Lower cholesterol and higher proportion of saturated

fatty acids and conjugated fatty acids content of buffalo milk have importance from the

nutritional point of view. Being less susceptible to oxidative changes compared to cows‟ milk

is another feature of buffalo milk. This paper summarizes the valuable features of high quality

buffalo milk in the production of premium dairy products.

Keywords: Buffalo milk, production, dairy products

164

BM8_P2631

New Antiparasitic Natural Drug Trials Agains To Varroa Destructor

Mustafa Necati Muz1* Nurullah Özdemir Özdemir

2 Dilek Muz

3



2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary, Tekirdağ, Turkey


Abstract

Varro destructor is a very dangerous honeybee ectoparasites around the world. Treatment

methods agains to Varroa mite usually include hard chemicals which have residue and

resistance problems. According to the "One Health One Medicine" aspect origin of the animal

products for human consumption should be monitored systematically. This point needs to

develop high food security drugs for all animal origin foods like honey. The global residue

problem in honey is mostly related with chemical substances like varroacidal drugs and

agricultural chemicals. So organic treatment options are highly popular and adviced for

organic honey production and sustainable public health. A new control method that included

organic substances developed against to Varroa destructor which is very effective option for

organic honey production. Method is very economic and efficient for Varroa struggle.

Keywords: Varroa destructor, organic treatment, residue , beekeeping , apiculture, legal,

turkey

165

BM8_P2789

Comparison of Microscopic and Molecular Diagnosis of Blood Parasites in Cattles

Nuri Altuğ1 Mustafa Necati Muz

2*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Veterinary Internal Medicine,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey

Absract

Molecular diagnosis is an important and succesful method using fast and reliable detection of

blood parasites. Microscopic detection methods are time consuming and need a professional

expert. Blood samples collected from disease suspected cattles by local Veterinarians and

sent to parasitology laboratory. After DNA extraction PCR method carried out. As a result

twenty of the 155 samples recorded Anaplasma sp. positive, eight of the 155 samples

recorded Theileri annulata positive and one of the 155 samples recorded Babesia sp.

positive. As a result in microscopic diagnosis, 14 of 155 samples recorded Anaplasma sp.

positive, 5 of 155 samples recorded Theileria sp. positive and none of them found Babesia

positive. As a result microscopic diagnosis is found less sensitive in comparison with

molecular diagnosis in this study.

Keywords: Molecular diagnosis, cattle, blood parasites, theileria, anaplasma, babesia, Turkey

166

BM8_P2811

Genetic Analysis Of Deformed Wing Virus, Varroa Destructor Virus-1 And Acute Bee

Paralysis Virus Circulating In Honey Bee (apis Mellifera) Colonies From Turkey

Mustafa Necati Muz1 Dilek Muz

2*




Abstract

Honey bee viruses threat the bee health causing colony declines. The molecular

characterization and the phylogenetic analysis of honey bee viruses: Acute Bee Paralysis

Virus (ABPV), Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and the Varroa Destructor of virus 1 (VDV-1)

obtained from honey bee colonies in Turkey, were investigated in this study. The honey bee

samples were homogenized and extracted for viral RNA. RT-PCR protocols and sequencing

were performed for ABPV, DWV and VDV-1. The nucleotide sequences were compared with

other country counterparts and carried out the phylogenetic trees of related genes. The capsid

gene and RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene for ABPV and capsid gene and helicase

gene for DWV- VDV1 were examined. This study revealed first molecular characterization of

ABPV, DWV and VDV-1 viruses about regarding genes from colony declined symptomatic

apiaries in Turkey.

Keywords: honey bee, deformed wing virus, varroa destructor virus-1, acute bee paralysis

virus,RT-PCR

167

BM8_P2816

Molecular Analysis of Black Queen Cell Virus Genotypes Isolated from Turkey

Dilek Muz1* Mustafa Necati Muz

2


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) is one of the most common viral honeybee pathogen causes

queen brood deaths. In this study, 126 samples collected between 2007 – 2013 from four

different ecogeographic region in Turkey were tested for BQCV. The molecular

characterization and phylogenetic analysis were investigated for capsid protein and

nonfunctional polyprotein (helicase) region. Molecular prevalance of TrBQCV was found

47,6 % by RT-PCR in sampled apiaries. Turkish native BQCV isolates were characterised by

sequence analysis to determine how they related to previously studied global counterparts. In

phylogenetic tree of current genotypes for both gene, native sequences form a separate cluster

for nonstructural gene and three clusters for capsid gene distinct from other countries. The

nonstructural gene sequences were more variable compared to capsid gene sequences. This

study reveals the first molecular genetic characterization of BQCV isolates from Turkey. The

phylogenetic results could contribute to the genetic diversity of the TrBQCVs isolates.

Keywords: Honey bee, black queen cell virus, capsid gene, helicase gene, Turkey

168

BM8_P2728

Importance of Biosecurity in Livestock Enterprises

ġeniz ÖziĢ Altınçekiç1* Mehmet Koyuncu

2


1: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Breeding , Bursa, Turkey


Abstract

Biosecurity is defined as a series of measures which aims to protect the region where

livestock is present against hazards to occur from inside or outside. Biosecurity programme

consists of components such as planning, risk assessment, health management strategies.

Biosecurity in animal husbandry enterprises provide to improve animal health, to reduce

adjuvant therapy costs in this way by minimizing the effects of diseases and to increase the

operational profitability as well as being a vital element in protecting food safety and human

health accordingly by allowing animal products to be produced healthy and in maximum

quality.

Keywords: Biosecurity, livestock enterprises, welfare, animal health, risk management

169

BM8_P2727

An Overview of Welfare and Biosecurity in Sheep Industry

ġeniz ÖziĢ Altınçekiç1* Mehmet Koyuncu

2


1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Breeding , Bursa, Turkey

2: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey

Abstract

This study intends to put forth observation and survey results with respect to analysis on

characteristics of animal welfare and biosecurity in Turkey. The enterprises are divided in

three groups: small-scale enterprises (50 to 100 sheep), medium-scale enterprises (101 to 150

sheep) and large-scale enterprises (above 151 sheep). According to hereby study, assessment

on certain structural and administrative features of enterprises with regard to animal welfare

and biosecurity reveals that they are insufficient but open for improvement in terms of

breeding, maintenance and administration practices, sanitation and structural characteristics.

Keywords: Biosecurity, breeding characteristics, sheep, sheep shelters, welfare

170

BM8_P2717

The Effects of Different Plumage Color Mutations on Growth Performance in Japanese

Quail

Dilruba Aksoy1* Hasan Salih YaramiĢ

2 Doğan Narinç

3


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Tekirdağ, Turkey


3: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Türkiye

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare growth performance of Japanese quails with

different plumage colors (Golden, Dark-Brown, Speckled-Yellow, White, and Wild-type). A

total of 200 eggs were collected from five plumage color lines, and hatched wing banded

chicks were weighed weekly from hatching to 6 weeks of age. Firstly, the Profile analysis was

utilized to compare the time-dependent changes of growth patterns in different plumage color

lines, and it was determined that the profiles were not parallel (P<0.05). The highest mean

value (182.15 g) of body weight at 42 days of age was found in Golden, while the lowest

mean value (142.84 g) was determined in White mutant line. Afterwards, the Gompertz

nonlinear regression model was individually used to estimate the growth curve of all birds

from each mutation lines. Significant differences were detected among the lines in terms of

parameter β0 that represents the weight of mature age (P<0.05) and weight of inflection point

of Gompertz growth curve (P<0.05). For β0, the higher average values were estimated in

Golden, Speckled-Yellow, and Wild-Type genotypes (240.43 g, 241.16 g, and 242.28 g,

respectively) than Dark-Brown and White lines (196.91 g and 193.75 g, respectively). Similar

results were determined for body weight at point of inflection (P<0.05). The plumage color

mutations in the Japanese quail are controlled by different genes. These genes are associated

with many yield and behavioral characteristics. Determination of the effects of these genes on

different characteristics is important for poultry breeding.

Keywords: Plumage color, mutation, japanese quail, growth curve, profile analysis

171

BM8_P2718

Calf Welfare “from Birth To Weaning”

Mehmet Koyuncu1* Merve Karaca

2


1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey

2: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey

Abstract

Profitable milk and meat production is based on correct calf breeding. Postnatal longevity is

very important in the determination of the adaptation of newborns to the environmental

conditions and the profitability of the enterprises. The newborn calf is essentially without

immune protection as maternal antibodies are not transported across the placenta. Important

strategies for newborn receives adequate colostrum during the first two to three hours of life

are critical for immunity of the calf. Unfortunately the importance of feeding with colostrum

is not understood in most of the dairy farms in Turkey.

Calf mortality is now considered the most crucial indicator of welfare level; it was an

important indicator of management quality. The neonatal calf mortality seen in the first few

months constitutes 84% of the total mortality rate. The process in which the neonatal period

covering first four weeks after birth is the largest of the calf losses diarrhea is mostly caused

in this period and other deaths due to respiratory in factions during the period from 20 days to

6 months. In order to keep calf loss to a minimum level, it is necessary to know the needs and

immunity of the animals and ensure adequate care-feeding conditions. Priorities in calf

management; minimize stress at birth, maximize passive immunity, to meet the nutritional

needs of the calf and maintain animal health as can be sorted. It should not be forgotten

successful milk production is based on proper calf rearing. However, the intensive production

can result in oversights that can have very negative effects on the survival of calves and their

further growth. In order to reduce mortality and to improve rearing conditions for calf,

different welfare assessment systems have been offered. In short, on the performance of an

adult animal, the care and feeding of the calf directly affects.

Keywords: Calf, welfare, survival

172

BM8_P2688

The Role Of Heat Shock Proteins In Canine Mammary Tumors

Sevda Ġnan1*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept.of Pathology, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms especially humans and dogs. In

female dogs, canine mammary tumors (CMTs) account for approximately 50% malignant and

25% metastatic behavior. In CMTs have no diagnostic molecules for determining early

tumorigenesis and definitive prognostic factors when compared to humans. Epidemiological,

clinicopathological and biochemical features of CMTs are similar to human breast carcinoma

and CMTs are taken into account by researchers. The major risk factors for CMTs include

such as intact status, nulliparity, irregular estrus cycles, cystic tumors of endometrium,

progestin treatment, olderly age and obesity problems. Heat shock proteins or stress proteins

have functions in the maintenance of cellular homeostatis. HSPs behave as molecular

chaperones under physiological functions. HSPs are classified as molecular weight and are

know with inhibiting apoptosis. Some HSPs have been related with tumorigenesis by

inhibited apoptosis signaling cascades and promoted cell proliferation. Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp72

and Hsp90 have a role in carcinogenesis of the CMTs. Hsp90 may be a novel molecular target

fo adjuvant cancer treatment of CMTs. Hsp90 and Hsp73 are observing in neoplastic emboli

that these Hsps are important for cells with metastatic potential. Hsp90 and Hsp73 seems a

clear cut expression in mitotic cells. Hsp72 and Hsp73 are seen immunohistochemically in

infiltrative and inflammatory tumour areas. Because of high Hsp27 expression is presented in

infiltrating tumour cells, this Hsp play functions in tumour invasiveness and poor prognosis.

Hsp27 also observe keratinising cells of tumour areas. At the immunohistochemical studies,

Hsp110 is present in the cytoplasm of epithelial and interstitial cells in CMTs. As a result,

some Heat shock proteins are necessary for understading of CMTs carcinogenesis, prognosis,

metastatis and treatment.

Keywords: Canine mammary tumours, heat shock proteins, carcinogenesis, prognosis,

mitotic cells

173

BM8_P2768

Investigation of Molecular Diversity Between Turkish Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV)

Strains

B. Taylan Koç1* T. Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu

2




Abstract

Object: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is prevalent in Turkey as well as throughout the

world, which causes reproductive problems (abortions, stillbirths etc.) and economically

losses in cattle industry. We aimed in this study to investigate of molecular diversity of

BVDV strains in Turkey retrospectively. Additionally, we examined that effects of these

viruses on the herd health.

Materials and Methods: The affected cattle herd (n=45) was tested for BVDV infection by

using antigen ELISA. Two of them were found positive. Viral RNAs were isolated from

collected peripheral blood samples. PCRs were performed with previously reported primer

pairs (324-326) which were generic primers targeting to partial 5‟UTR to diagnose of all

Pestiviruses. Obtained PCR products were cleaned and then, sequenced. Relevant sequences

were compared with Turkish BVDV strains and other Pestivirus strains available from

GenBank database using phylogenetic software.

Results: Two BVDV sequences, according to the molecular assessment results on Maximum

Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic models, were localized on same

monophyletic clades, 1-b subtype.

Conclusion: Different BVDV subtypes have been identified previously in this farm. Newly,

detection of presence of BVDV 1-b subtype may be associated with imported animals. It

should be not forgotten to test to all imported animals against BVDV infection and then, the

negative detected animals ought to be permitted to add to herd after elimination of infection

risk.

** All authors have contributed equally to the study.

Keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea virus, molecular diversity, phylogenetic analysis

174

BM8_P2790

Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Lactation Milk Yield, Lactation Length and

Daily Milk Yield of Anatolian Buffaloes

Ertuğrul Kul1 Gökhan Filik

2* Aziz ġahin

3 Hayrettin Çayıroğlu

4

Emre Uğurlutepe5 Kursat Alkoyak

6



2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kirsehir, Turkey





Abstract

The objective of the study was to investigate the some environmental factors affecting the

milk yield traits of a total of 517 Anatolian buffalo supported by General Directorate of

Agricultural Research and Policies in Amasya province, in the middle Black Sea Region of

Turkey in 2015 year. Calving age and calving season were assessed as affecting fixed factors

on daily milk yield (DMY), lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL). Calving

age was between 3 and 10 including into the later all records higher than 10. Calving season

was classified according to four calving season groups (autumn, winter, spring and summer).

The effects of fixed factors were determined by using SPSS statistical programme. The study

results demonstrated that the overall means of DMY, LMY and LL were calculated as

3.6±0.06 kg, 676.2±12.31 kg and 188.5±1.47 day, respectively. Calving age had a significant

effect on LMY and LL (P<0.05), but its effect on DMY was not significant. DMY, LMY and

LL were statistically effected by calving season (P<0.05). In concussion, milk yield traits

were affected by calving age and calving season.

Keywords: Anatolian buffaloes, lactation milk yield, lactation length,calving age, calving

season

175

BM8_P2716

Development Of Welfare And Survival in Neonatal Lamb And Kids

Mehmet Koyuncu1* Yağmur Duymaz

2



2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey

Abstract

Neonatal mortality in small ruminants has remained stubbornly unchanging since long years,

and represents a significant loss of farm income and affects animal welfare. A significant

portion of the world protein requirement is met by sheep and goat. This is to increase the

number of lambs and kids raised by decreasing losses with the number of lambs born per root

as well as raising the intended yield of the animal breeder. Most deaths occur in the

embryonic period. Mortality rate can be up to 20-25%. Fetal period mortality is less. The rate

varies between 3-5%. Such deaths are defined by the breeders as premature delivery.

However, deaths that occurred shortly before birth and within the first postpartum period are

defined as prenatal period deaths. Deaths observed in this period are at the highest level. Post-

natal period deaths are deaths in the circuit from the weaning to the prenatal period. This

period varies from 6 weeks to 4 months. Environmental factors are more efficient in deaths in

this period. In lambs/kids, most deaths occur in the neonatal period. Causes include starvation,

lambing injuries, infectious conditions difficult birth, among others. Following birth, the lamb

or kid is exposed to bacteria and pathogens that its immune system is unfamiliar with.

Therefore, a great deal of effort should be put toward the care of pregnant and their lambs

before, during, and after birth.

Actually, industry estimates show that nearly 20 percent of lambs die before weaning with 80

percent of these losses experienced during the first 10 days of life. Research on kid pre-

weaning mortality rates shows similar trends. Realistically, pre-weaning mortality rates in

sheep and goat herds should be under 5 percent. As a result of improving the survival of

neonatal lamb and kids is essential for the economically and long-term genetic improvement.

Keywords: Lamb, kid, survival, welfare

176

BM8_P2808

Detection of BRSV from Calves in A Herd With Severe Respiratory System Disease in

Turkey

Feray Alkan1 Ilke Karayel Hacioglu

2* Nüvit CoĢkun

3 Selda Duran

Yelken4



2: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey

3: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Dept. Virology, Ankara, Turkey

4: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Acute respiratory tract infections in cattle are associated with several viral pathogens such as

bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1), parainfluenza

virus 3 (PI-3), rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, etc. and also some bacterial agents. It is

still an important problem of the cattle industry worldwide. Vaccines containing these

agent(s) with different formulations as live or inactivated vaccine, subunit vaccine, etc. have

been commercially available.

In this study, nasal swabs and blood samples from 3 calves, aged 39 to 50 days, with fever,

cough, sneeze, etc. in a herd with severe respiratory disease symptoms resulting high

mortality were used. All samples were examined for possible aetiological agents like

Enterovirus, PI-3 virus, BRSV, BHV-1 by PCR/RT-PCR methods. For PCRs, viral

DNA/RNA were extracted by using Trizol LS protocol. After cDNA syntesis with random

priming, PCRs were carried out by using suitable primer pairs for each pathogens. PCR

products with expected size were sequenced.

Results of PCRs and sequencing data showed that all of the nasal swab samples were found

positive for F gene region of BRSV while they were negative for other tested pathogens.

However, no investigated pathogens were detected in blood samples.

As a conclusion, BRSV was determined as the viral causative agent, in severe acute

respiratory system disease in this herd, along with or without other possible agents which

were not investigated in this study. Further studies on the isolation of new field BRSVs and

molecular characterization on G protein of BRSV, which has been used as a target for

phylogenetic analysis, are likely to provide a more detailed data to the molecular

epidemiology of BRSV infection.

Keywords: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus, respiratory infection, cattle, RT-PCR

177

BM8_P2925

The Serological Investigation of Akabane Virus (AKAV) Infection in Mugla and Aydin

Provinces

B. Taylan Koç1 Nural Erol

2*




Abstract

Akabane virus (AKAV), belongs to genus of Orthobunyavirinae in family of

Bunyaviridae, causes aborts, premature births, stillborns and congenital abnormalities

(arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly syndrome (AH)). Transmission of AKAV is occured

by hematogenous mosquitoes. To our study, any serological studies have not been performed

on widely areas in Mugla and Aydin provinces albeit presence of AKAV has been known. To

have information about the current condition of AKAV in these provinces is important, in

terms

of considering of dissemination and presuming of condition of infection in the future.

In this dissertation study; the presence of AKAV antibodies was investigated

among the 200 cattle, 45 camels, 81 sheep and 49 goats. For this purpose, the collected

blood sera in 2012/2013 (excluding camel blood sera samples which had been collected in

2010) from mentioned animal species were tested by commercial Enzyme Linked

Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kit (ID®screen Akabane Virus Competition Antibody

ELISA Test Kit, IDVET Diagnostics, Montpellier, France) to detect of the presence of

AKAV antibodies in Mugla and Aydin provinces. No presence of AKAV spesific

antibodies were detected in tested 375 blood sera at the result of study.

This result is positive condition in terms of AKAV for Mugla and Aydin Provinces.

The assessment of that AKAV has passive condition in these provinces may be considered

at the present. Although the presence of AKAV antibody has not been detected, risk of

reemerging of AKAV infection is still present. Especially, presences of hematogenous

mosquitoes and other arboviruses (i.e. west nile virus, bluetongue virus) in these provinces

are pointed out the requirement of methods of protection and control, once more time.

Keywords: Akabane virus (AKAV), ELISA, Mugla, Aydin

178

BM8_P2871

Biogenic Amines in Meat and Meat Products

Göksel Tırpancı Sivri1 Ahmet ġükrü Demirci

2* Mehmet Demirci

3


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Eng., Tekirdağ, Turkey


3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering , Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Biogenic amines are nitrogenous compounds produced by decarboxylation of free amino

acids (FAAs) mediated by amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. Histamine, putrescine,

cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, β-phenylethylamine, spermine, and spermidine are

considered to be the most important biogenic amines occurring in foods. Biogenic amines are

very frequently involved in human disorders since they are potentially toxic. They could be

used as quality parameter in meat and meat products which is an important component of the

human diet. Biogenic amines are produced naturally by animal, plant, and microorganism

metabolism.

The intake of foods with high concentrations of biogenic amines can cause migraine,

headaches, gastric and gastrointestinal problems, and pseudo-allergic responses, by the toxic

effect of histamine and tyramine, known respectively as “histamine poisoning” and “cheese

reaction. Meat as raw material is the natural source of the free amino acids from which

biogenic amines are produced. It also is the largest component of the matrix where the

decarboxylation reactions take place. Meat processing and storage conditions influence the

formation of biogenic amines, because they affect some of the elements which are pH, ionic

strength, substrate, concentration, inhibitors, implicated in biogenic amine production.

Various biogenic amines (spermidine, spermine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine), when

subjected to heat, can give rise to the formation of secondary amines, and in the presence of

nitrites, these can generate nitrosamines, chemical agents considered to possess major

carcinogenic properties. This is particularly important in some meat products with high

biogenic amine levels and added nitrates and nitrites.

There is, therefore, a clear interest in the study of toxicity and/or mutagenicity of biogenic

amines and the factors determining their formation in the context of food processing

conditions and preservation. This study is conducted to review biogenic amines in meat and

meat products, their formation conditions and effects on human health.

Keywords: Biogenic amine, meat, meat products, health effects

179

BM8_P2710

Prevalence of Poultry Ticks on Backyard Coops in Canakkale Province of Turkey

CoĢkun Konyalı1* Türker SavaĢ

2



2: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey

Abstract

Investigations on the prevalence of ticks were carried out between 25 August and 30

September. Canakkale was divided into 5 locations according to geographical characteristics

and in total, 124 villages and 355 coops were visited. „Location 1‟ includes coastlines of

Lapseki, Gelibolu, Eceabat and Center districts. Villages of Biga district situated in north-east

of Canakkale was named „Location 2‟.The parts of high altitude of region (Çan, Yenice and a

part of Bayramiç districts) were „Location 3‟.Ezine and a part of Bayramic districts situated

on lowland parts were named „Location 4‟.„Location 5‟ includes villages of Ayvacık district

is elongated in the south of Canakkale and coastline of Aegean Sea.In the visited coops the

presence of ticks and the conditions of the houses were recorded. Observed Ticks in surveying

backyard coops were collected and all of them were morphologically assigned to the species

Argas percius (fowl tick or poultry tick).The overall tick infestation rate was 18.3%.The

highest prevalence was detected in Location 3 (37.5%) where is located in higher parts of the

region.The prevalence of Location 2 and Location 4 was 26.3% and 22.4%, respectively.The

lowest tick prevalence rates were detected in Location 1 and Location 5 and each one of these

locations had less than 1% prevalence rates. It was observed that henhouses containing ticks

had seriously bad hygiene conditions. In highly contaminated coops chickens were also

inspected and it was seen some health problem signs, particularly dermatitis. As a result,

though no detected high prevalence in overall regions of Canakkale, especially bad coop

conditions in rural areas have serious tick problems. An infestation risk of commercial laying

hens or broiler farms is possible.Most of the owners do not know the ticks. In this context, it

is necessary to raise the awareness of the owners for control and prevention against ticks.

Keywords: infestation rate, poultry, argas percius, fowl tick, ectoparasite

180

BM8_P2929

Effects of Prewarming During Storage of Eggs on Hatchability and Chick Quality

CoĢkun Konyalı1* Mustafa Öksüz

2 Türker SavaĢ

3



2: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Zootekni Bölümü, Istanbul, Turkey

3: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey

Abstract

A clutch of a bankiva chicken has 8 to 12 eggs.The previously laid eggs in the clutch are

repeatedly warmed up during the laying of the consecutive eggs.We investigated whether

warming during the lay period influences hatchability and chick quality.The study was

conducted with 3 groups.Eggs in groups were stored at room temperatures during 10

days.During the storage stage, the eggs of group „everyday incubation‟ (EI) was put on

incubator daily for 15 minutes (37.70C and 55% RH). Eggs in the group „every other day‟

(EOI) were kept incubator every other day for 15 minutes.The control group (C) was stored at

room temperature without warming.On the eleventh day of storage all the eggs were placed in

incubator.Fertility of the eggs and weights were recorded on the eighteenth day of incubation

and after the eggs of all groups were taken to hatcher for three days.No significant differences

were found between groups in terms of storage weight losses (P=0.3442) and egg weights on

the eighteenth day (P=0.1620).The incubation egg weight loss between the groups was

significantly different (P=0.0429) with the EOI-eggs having higher (5.4 g) and the-EI eggs

lower incubation egg weight losses (4.7 g) as compared to controls (4.9 g).The hatchability

and fertility were not significantly different between groups (P>0.05).Although the

hatchability of fertile EI eggs was 7% higher than that of control eggs, the difference was not

significant (P=0.9815).Highest embryonic mortality was observed on the early stage.There

were no differences between groups in embryonic mortality (P>0.05).Chick weights and

lengths did not vary among groups (P>0.05).The highest respiratory rate was quantified in the

chicks of EI-eggs (96.0 times/min.), whilst these values 91.4 times/min and 86.9 times/min

for control and EOI groups, respectively (P=0.0702).The results suggest that short time

warming during the lay period does not affect hatchability and chick quality traits.

Keywords: Storage, incubator, prewarming, incubation, egg quality

181

TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

182

BM8_O2635

Effects of Pigmentation on Some Physical Properties in Cashmere Down Fibers and

Common Goat Guard Hairs

Pelin Gürkan Ünal1 Riza Atav

2*




Abstract

There are three types of fibres obtained from the goat family; goat hair from common goats,

“mohair” from Angora goat, and “cashmere” from Cashmere goat. When it comes to common

goat hairs, flat and long hairs made up of coarse guard hairs come first to mind. However, in

the coat of goat there are softer, thinner and shorter down hairs other than these hairs and

sometimes these fibres are called cashmere. Cashmere, on the other hand, is a protein fibre

obtained from Cashmere goats living in high and dry plateaus from North China to Mongolia,

including the Gobi Desert. These goats are adapting their outer coat to the weather conditions

there so that they can survive. There is a much better quality of fibre under this outer fur; this

fibre is called “cashmere”. The most important characteristics of protein fibres are their

fineness, length, strength and elongation ability. There are numerous studies in the literature

on the physical properties of the common goat guard hairs, as well as the cashmere down

fibres. However, it is not common to find studies which are related with the effects of

pigmentation on the physical properties of the fibres in goat-related animals. In this study, the

fineness, length, strength and elongation values of two different coloured samples which one

of them is white and the other is coloured taken from common goat and cashmere goat were

compared comparatively. In addition, surface scale structures of the fibres were examined

with SEM. Moreover, the sulphur quantities were also measured and compared by x-ray

EDX. Studies have shown that both the strength (cN) and elongation (%) values are increased

in the presence of melanin pigment which gives colour to the cortical cells forming the cortex

layer of the fibres, whereas the fibres have higher micron values.


Keywords: Common Goat, Cashmere, Down Fibre, Guard Hair, Pigmentation, Strength

183

BM8_O2912

Low Incubation Temperature During in Vitro Maturation Decrease Antioxidant

Enzyme Activity of Bovine Oocyte and Embryo

Uğur ġen1* Mehmet Kuran

2


1: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology , Samsun, Turkey

2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey

Abstract

It is know that basic variable in the cellular environment is temperature and low temperature

decrease cellular metabolism rate. Also, low cellular metabolism may reduce oxidative

activity and intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity, resulting in low ROS production. The

aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of 36.5 °C (low) and 38.5 °C

(conventional) incubation temperatures during IVM on antioxidant enzyme activity

(glutathione peroxidase; GPx) of oocytes and embryos. Bovine oocytes were maturated in

medium–199 containing 5% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and 5.5 μg/ml sodium pyruvate

for 22 hours at either 36.5 °C or 38.5 °C incubation temperatures. Some part of in vitro

matured denuded oocytes was stored in microtubes (25 oocytes into 10 µl PBS with 1 mg/ml

PVA) at -80 °C until enzyme activity analysis. The rest of oocytes were subjected to IVF.

Putative zygotes were then cultured randomly into SOFaa embryo culture media. Embryos

develop to blastocyst were stored in microtubes (5 blastocyst into 10 µl PBS with 1 mg/ml

PVA) at -80 °C until enzyme activity analysis. Matured oocytes (low; n=100 and

conventional; n=100) and embryos development to the blastocyst stage (low; n=25 and

conventional; n=25) was selected for determine GPx activity, which was recorded

spectrophotometrically at 340 nm wavelength. GPx activity was determined using a

commercial sensitive kit. GPx activity were lower (P<0.05) in oocytes matured at low

temperature than those of conventional temperature. GPx activity were lower (P<0.05) of

blastocysts from embryos obtained oocytes matured low temperature and cultured in

antioxidants supplemented media. The results of present study show that decreasing the in

vitro maturation temperature decrease antioxidant enzyme activity in both oocyte and

blastocyst.

Keywords: bovine, maturation temperature, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, oocytes,

blastocysts

184

BM8_O2726

Surface and Strength-elongation Properties of Luxury Fibres from Different Origins

Riza Atav1 Pelin Gürkan Ünal

2*



2: Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Çorlu Mühendislik Fakültesi, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

One of the most important parameters determining the usability of protein fibers in textile

field is strength-elasticity behavior. Beyond this, when the yarn is spun and the fabric is

produced, the shrinkage and felting behavior of the fabric and the fabric handle are directly

related to the surface structure of the fibers. Therefore, in this study, the strength and elasticity

and surface structures of various hair based protein fibers have been examined. In the

experiments, 4 different scoured protein fibres (wool from sheep origin, mohair from goat

origin, angora from rabbit origin and Huacaya alpaca from camelid origin) were investigated.

It was found that strength values of alpaca and especially mohair fibres were higher than

wool. On the other hand, it was determined that angora has the lowest, Huacaya alpaca has the

highest elongation value amongst. From scanning electron microscope images, important

differences in fibre surfaces was observed.


Keywords: Sheep , Angora Goat , Angora Rabbit , Huacaya Alpaca , fibre, strength,

elongation

185

BM8_O2734

Technological Process of Preparation of Meat Sheep in Traditional Way in Kosovo

Hysen Bytyqi1*


1: University Of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo

Abstract

Through this work aims to provide information about the sheep meat production in Kosovoin

in the traditional form. The study was associated with the preparation way of meat production,

thus its entire preparatory technological process. During this study the slaughtering process of

sheep (i.e., starting from slaughtering of animal, removal of blood, extraction of organs,

peeling skin till gaining the meat of the Sheep in traditional way, was followed. Besides this,

the objective was also to identify the sheep meat yield and the amount of meta produced per

year in the sheep holding households, the way of storage, its use etc. For this purpose a survey

in 120 farms including six regions of Kosovo, was conducted. Sheep farms were randomly

selected. Results, from this study show that in Kosovo the sheep meat is mainly consumed as

fresh meat, very little amount as ham and “Pasterma”. Technological production process

differed slightly between the regions of Kosovo, while for some regions “Pasterm” is

considered to be the regional product only in the region of Prizren and the technological

process was rather different.

Keywords: Sheep meat , traditional way, technological process

186

BM8_O2924

Evaluation of the Mechanization Situation in Livestock Production in Turkey

Songul Gursoy1*


1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering ,

Diyarbakır, Turkey

Abstract

Livestock have always been an important part of agricultural production in Turkey. Chores

are tedious and time consuming in livestock production. The main chores in livestock

production are preparing the animal feed, watering, herding, milking, cleaning livestock

yards, collecting animal feed. Therefore, mechanization, automation and emerging

technologies are very important factors in reducing labor and modernizing livestock

production.

This paper includes the current situation of the livestock mechanization in Turkey, main

mechanization problems in livestock production and suggestions for development of

mechanization.

Keywords: Livestock, mechanization , Turkey, milking, animal husbandry

187

BM8_O2737

Traditional Cottage Cheese Production and Its Diversity in Kosovo

Kaltrina Berisha1* Driton Sylejmani

2 Hamidi Afrim

3

Hajrip Mehmeti 4 Hysen Bytyqi

5


1: Szent Istvan University - Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Dept. of Biotechnology ,

Godollo, Hungary

2: University of Prishtina "hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Dept.of Veterinary Medicine ,

Prishtina, Kosovo

3: University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Department of Veterinary, Kosovo, Prishtina,

Kosovo

4: University of Prishtina ''hasan Prishtina , Prishtinë, Kosovo

5: University of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo

Abstract

The study was conducted to identify the technological process of cottage cheese production as

well as its diversity produced in Kosovo in traditional way. The data were collected by survey

realized during the period October 2015 – April 2016. The sample size was calculated as 450

small-scale household and were randomly selected, representing all regions of Kosovo. The

data were collected by face to face survey in rural settlements. The study was focused on the

mode of cottage cheese production, as a way of coagulation, pasteurization, storage and use of

cottage cheese produced. According to study result, it was found that in Kosovo is

characterized by a very small diversity of cottage cheese produced in the traditional form and

the technological process of curd production in Kosovo differed slightly between the regions

of Kosovo (mainly in the way of coagulation of curd).

Keywords: Cottage cheese , technological process , diversity, traditional way.

188

BM8_P2736

Technological Process of Preparation of Meat Sheep in Traditional Way in Kosovo

Kaltrina Berisha1* Hamidi Afrim

2 Driton Sylejmani

3

Hajrip Mehmeti 4 Hysen Bytyqi

5


1: Szent Istvan University - Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Dept. of Biotechnology ,

Godollo, Hungary

2: University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Department of Veterinary, Kosovo, Prishtina,

Kosovo

3: University of Prishtina "hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Dept.of Veterinary Medicine ,

Prishtina, Kosovo

4: University of Prishtina ''hasan Prishtina , Prishtinë, Kosovo

5: University of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo

Abstract

Through this work aims to provide information about the sheep meat production in Kosovo in

the traditional form. The study was associated with the preparation way of meat production,

thus its entire preparatory technological process. During this study the slaughtering process of

sheep (i.e., starting from slaughtering of animal, removal of blood, extraction of organs,

peeling skin till gaining the meat of the Sheep in traditional way, was followed. Besides this,

the objective was also to identify the sheep meat yield and the amount of meta produced per

year in the sheep holding households, the way of storage, its use etc. For this purpose a survey

in 120 farms including six regions of Kosovo, was conducted. Sheep farms were randomly

selected. Results, from this study show that in Kosovo the sheep meat is mainly consumed as

fresh meat, very little amount as ham and “Pasterma”. Technological production process

differed slightly between the regions of Kosovo, while for some regions “Pasterm” is

considered to be the regional product only in the region of Prizren and the technological

process was rather different.

Keywords: Sheep Meat , traditional Forms , technological process

189

BM8_O2899

The Effect of Birth Weight to Muscle Fiber Type at Karayaka Female Lambs

Emre ġirin1* Uğur ġen

2 Yüksel Aksoy

3 Zafer UlutaĢ

4 Mehmet Kuran

5


1: Ahi Evran University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Agricultural Biotechnology, KırĢehir, Turkey

2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agric., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey

3: EskiĢehir Osmangazi University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Animal Science, Eskisehir Turkey

4: Niğde Ömer Halis Demir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Dept. of Animal

Production and Technologies, Niğde Turkey

5: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Samsun,

Turkey

Abstract

Aim of the present study was to determine whether different birth weight of lambs affects

muscle fiber types and numbers in lambs at the end of the fattening period. Experimental

animals were female Karayaka lambs housed in GOPU Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Animal Science. Female lambs were allocated randomly into 3 groups. Female lambs,

according to birth weight; namely; 1. group (low birth weight), 2. group (high birth weight)

and 3. group (low birth weight). Lambs on group 1. and 2. were subjected to ad-libitum

feeding for 60 days. Lambs on group 3 fattened up to mean weight of group 2 lambs and

lambs were slaughtered at the end of fattening period and samples were taken from the LD,

ST and SM muscles. These samples were subjected to ATPase and SDH staning to determine

contractile and metabolic type of muscle fibers. In female lambs, results showed that LD, ST

and SM muscles in the muscle fibers types total numbers in ST and LD muscle were not

affected birth weights (P>0.05). But there were differences between group 1 and 2 in terms of

Type I muscle fiber mean area in ST muscle (P<0.05). Additionally, there were not also

differences among groups in terms of musle fiber rate on muscle metabolic types according to

SDH staining at female lambs. In this study, birth weight has not effected total number of

muscle fiber in all groups in LD, ST and SM muscle, except the weight of the end of fattening

period.

Keywords: Lamb ,birth weight,fattening ,muscle fibers

190

191

TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY


192

BM8_P2879

Red Meat Production in Turkey

Mehmet Demirci1 Osman ġimĢek

1 ġefik Kurultay

1 M. Ġhsan Soysal

2

Ġsmail Yılmaz1 Murat TaĢan

1 Ümit Geçgel

1




Abstract

According to TUIK data, there has been a significant increase in the number of livestock‟s

and production amounts of animal products in the last 10 years in Turkey. The number of

cattle, sheep and goats totalling 43 million head in 2006 reached 55.5 million in 2016. This

number included about 14 million cattle, 31 million sheep and 10.5 million goats. This

increase in the number of animals was also reflected in the amount of production, and red

meat production, which was 438 thousand tons in 2006, increased about 2.5 times to 1.173

thousand tons in 2016. The increase in milk production amounted to 18.5 million tons from

12 million tons during the same period. On the other hand, although red meat consumption in

Turkey reaches 16 kg per person per year, this value is behind the world average. The most

important reason for this is the insufficient supply of livestock‟s compared to the population.

As a result, Turkey has been importing to meet the need for red meat, trying to make up for it

by importing meat from other countries, especially countries like Bosnia-Herzegovina, Poland

and Germany.

Keywords: Red meat, Turkey, red meat production

193

BM8_P2877

Meat Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Lamb Meat

Ġsmail Yılmaz1 ġefik Kurultay

1 Osman ġimĢek

1 Mehmet Demirci

1

M. Ġhsan Soysal2 Murat TaĢan

1 Ümit Geçgel

1




Abstract

All over the word especially industrialized countries has increased the demand for high

quality and healthy organic and traditional food. Lamb diet is one of the major environmental

factors which affect carcass and meat quality. It is believed that meat of lamb and sheep

produced on pasture has an excellent nutritional quality and better taste. Nowadays, a growing

concern of consumers is shifting on the relation between the proportion of lipid consumption

and effects on human health. Lamb meat quality and carcass depend on many

physicochemical factors such as feeding system, breed, age, sex, live weight, and muscle

location. These factors can particularly affect meat quality features such as color, water-

holding capacity, sensory characteristics, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile. Especially

fatty acid composition of lamb fat is directly affected by diet. As a consequence of this,

saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids are proportionally changed. The

recommended ratio of PUFA to SFA should be above 0.4.

Keywords: Lamb meat, physicochemical properties, pufa

194

BM8_P2750

The Effect of Using Cross-breeding Method in Increasing Production and Improving

Swine Meat Quality

Rotaru Ilie1*


1: State Agrarian University of Moldova, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Dept. of Special

Zootechnics, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of

Abstract

This paper presents a new concept of increasing production and improving swine meat quality

by implementing a new system of swine growth and cross-breeding. It is established the fact

that the problem of competitive meat production is determined by the growth of heterosis

effect after using new parental genotypic combinations obtained according to genetic and

productive potential of animal breeds and hybrids.

The result of researches made confirms the improvement of organoeleptic, nutritional and

technological meat characteristics achieved from commercial hybrids, being updated on food

safety plan, having a direct impact on consumers health and welfare.

The investigations that were carried out contribute to the development of hibridization

specific as well as on reasoning the formation and increase process of swine meat production.

Keywords: Hybridization, swine, heterosis, breed

195

BM8_P2876

Nutritional Facts of Goat Meat

Osman Simsek*1

Sefik Kurultay1 Mehmet Demirci

1 M. Ihsan Soysal

2

Ismail Yilmaz1 Murat Tasan

1 Umit Gecgel

1


1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey;

Abstract

According to TUIK statistics, Turkey‟s goat population was around 10.137.534 heads in

2016. In Turkey, the goats are bred particularly in mountainous areas, forests and pastures due

to unavailability for other agricultural products. Turkey traditional goat husbandry has been

oriented into a double production objective, meat and milk. In addition, in the other some

developing countries, goats are used also for fibre or skin. Goat meat composes one of the

main origins of animal protein in the human diet in these countries. In recent years, increasing

demand of cheese from goat milk, more caution is given by the breeders in Turkey. The

quality of goat products is affected by various factors. These are environmental conditions,

soil characteristics, biotic and abiotic factors. Goat meat has an important role in human

nutrition because it includes necessary amino acids such as lysine, threonine and tryptophan.

At the same time, goat meat is considered lean with just the 1% fat. Moreover, it is known

from lower fat and cholesterol content, and lower saturated fatty acid levels in comparison

with other red meats. Therefore, the goat meat is considered to be the perfect healthy option

owing to its lower intramuscular fat levels.

Keywords: Goat, goat meat, meat quality

196

BM8_P2856

Usage Possibilities of Fish Gelatin in Foods

T. GümüĢ1 D.D. Altan

1 Ġ. Palabıyık A.ġ. Demirci

1 N.O. IĢık

2 F. Akyüz

3

1:Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag

2:Namık Kemal University, Çorlu Vocational School, Leather Techology Program, Çorlu-Tekirdag

3:Istanbul University, Technics Sciences Vocatioanl School, Leather Technology Program, Istanbul

Abstract

Gelatin is a mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen,

which is the most common protein in the animal kingdom. Collagen is characterized by its

high content of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline.

In the food industry, gelatin is used as an ingredient to improve the texture, consistency and

stability of foods. They are used in jelly production, confectionary, edible films,

encapsulation, fruit juice clarification, dairy processing, soups, etc. Most commercial gelatins

are currently derived from beef bone and hide, pig skin and bones, but for many socio-cultural

and religious reasons alternative sources, like fish skins, are highly demanded especially in

halal and kosher food markets.

Fish skins, bones, fins, scales and swim bladder are mainly used to obtain gelatin. Production

of fish gelatin is considered as a better way of utilization of the processing wastes from the

fishing industry. Also, fish gelatin (especially from warm-water fish) reportedly possesses

similar characteristics to porcine gelatin and may thus be considered as an alternative to

mammalian gelatin for use in food products.

Keywords: gelatin, fish gelatin, foods

197

BM8_P2874

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (cla) Content in Animal Products

Umit Gecgel1*

Sefik Kurultay1 Osman Simsek

1 Mehmet Demirci

1

M.Ihsan Soysal2 Murat Tasan

1 Ismail Yilmaz

1


1: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.

2: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an 18 carbons polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) with two

conjugated double bonds, separated by one single bond. The conjugated bonds may be in cis

or trans configuration and generally take place at positions 9 and 11 as well as 10 and 12. The

cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic acid (CLA, denominated Rumenic acid) which is the major

and most active isomers of CLA and may represent up to 80% of the total CLA and is derived

from linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LnA). This fatty acid is especially present in

meat and dairy products of ruminant animals (such as milk, butter, yogurt and cheese).

Amounts of CLA in dairy products range between 3.3 and 8.0 mg/g of fat. On the other hand,

CLA is also available in human blood, tissues and breast milk. CLA has positive health

effects on widespread diseases such as obesity, diabetes, decreasing body fat and increasing

lean body mass, protecting against immune-induced muscle wasting and cardiovascular

diseases. Additionally, it has been recommended that CLA not only reduce initiation,

promotion, and progression steps of cancer development, but also reduce metastasis of

cancer.

Keywords: CLA, conjugated linoleic acid, animal products

198

BM8_P2875

Effect of Fatty Acid Composition on Red Meat Quality

Sefik Kurultay*1

Osman Simsek1 Ismail Yilmaz

1 Mehmet Demirci

1

M. Ihsan Soysal2 Murat Tasan

1 Umit Gecgel

1




Abstract

Red meats are a perfect source of essential vitamins, minerals, high biological value protein

all of which are necessary for good health throughout life. But at the same time red meat,

especially from ruminant animals such as pork, beef, goat and mutton, has a bad reputation

because of its high saturated fatty acids (SFA, mainly palmitic and stearic acids) content, low

ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to SFA, and high ω-6: ω-3 ratio. The composition

of fatty acids in the meat and milk of ruminants rely on their nutrition. The fatty acid

composition of fats defines its degree of saturation, and thus, considerably affects its quality.

Fatty acids, specifically oleic and linoleic acid also influence meat flavor. These fatty acids

change sheep and goat flavors. In addition, feeding systems may be able to effect carcass

quality and the fatty acids profile of the red meat. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of new

feeding strategies of animal nutrition is to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids and to reduce

saturated fatty acids in diet. However, fatty acids with double bonds are more susceptible to

oxygen incorporation into their structure and oxidation process.

Keywords: fatty acid composition,red meat,red meat quality

199

BM8_P2873

Buffalo Meat and Its Characteristic Properties

M. Ihsan Soysal*1

Osman Simsek2 Sefik Kurultay

2 Mehmet Demirci

2

Ismail Yilmaz2 Murat Tasan

2 Umit Gecgel

2




Abstract

Buffalo farming is a traditional activity in the city of Istanbul, which nowadays includes about

10% of the total buffalo population in Turkey. The main objective of this is the production of

meat, which can be an alternative resource of animal protein for Turkish population. Meat

quality is a term used to define the range of features such as palatability, flavour, juiciness,

appearance and tenderness. Buffalo meat is richer in iron, includes higher amount of high

biological value protein and essential fatty acids, lower fat, cholesterol and calories than cattle

meat (beef). Additionally, the fatty acid composition of buffalo fat influences the nutritional

value of the meat and affects flavour and shelf life. On the other hand, buffaloes have low

economic value since historically there has been a very restricted market for buffalo meat, in

spite of the fact that different studies have focused on its high-quality standards which are

comparable to beef. In recent years, due to human health and product quality, the fatty acid

composition and cholesterol levels in meat have received rising concern and buffalo meat

could respond to consumer demands.

Keywords: Buffalo, buffalo meat, buffalo meat quality

200

BM8_P2878

Nutritional Value of Offal Products

Murat Tasan*1

ġefik Kurultay1 Osman Simsek

1 Mehmet Demirci

1

M. Ihsan Soysal2 Ismail Yılmaz

1 Umit Gecgel

1



2: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.

Abstract

Offal, or organ meats, refers to the internal organs such as liver, kidney, heart, lungs, spleen,

and entrails of a butchered animal, composes of a substantial portion of an animal‟s meat

weight. It is also defined as those parts of a meat from a carcass which are not skeletal

muscle. Edible offal meats have recently received important concern, especially those for

human consumption, owing to their nutritional qualities and the worldwide emphasis on

decreasing economical losses from wasting food. Efficient utilization of edible offal is

necessary in order to support economical and viable meat production system. These products

are sold in local meat markets and they are widely consumed in traditional Turkish meals like

soups and kebabs. Offal consumption in Turkey is generally higher than in most of other

countries. Offal products are good source of protein, and especially very valuable for its

nutrition. They are also good source of B-groups vitamin, dietary phosphorus and iron.

Moreover, they are rich in fat and cholesterol content.

Keywords: Offal, offal products, nutritional value

201

BM8_P2641

Egg Quality Characteristics of Atak-s Layer iIn Free-range System

Ġsmail Türker1* Sezai Alkan

1


1: Ordu University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ordu- Turkey

Abstract

The study was carried out to determine egg quality characteristics of Atak-S in free-range

system. A total of 150 Atak-S hens were used. After the hens had reached 50% egg

production, external and internal egg quality characteristics were determined until 80 weeks

of age.

It was determined that as the average egg weight 63.11 g, shape index 75.22, shell breaking

strength 1.46 kg / cm2, shell thickness 0.35 mm, specific gravity 1.079 g/cm

3, shell color 80,

yellow index 47.83, haugh unit 86.30, yolk color 13 and meat and blood spot ratio 30.89% of

Atak-S eggs.

As a result, Atak-S eggs were found to be good in terms of weight, shape index, shell

thickness, white index, yellow index, haugh unit and yolk color, but the values of specific

gravity, shell breaking strength, meat and blood spot were low.

Keywords: atak-s, egg quality, free-range system

202

BM8_P2702

The Evaluation of Cow Manure as a Vermicompost: The Case of Wheat (triticum

Vulgaris L.) Experiment

Neriman Tuba Barlas1* Borahan Cönkeroğlu

2 Gonca Unal

3 Korkmaz Bellitürk

4


1: Ege University Agricultural Faculty, Ġzmir, Turkey

2: Vermis Agritrade Co., Izmir, Turkey

3: Vermis Agritrade Co Ltd, Izmir, Turkey

4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Sci. and Plant Nutrition, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Vermicompost is a material that is received after a process of digestion some kinds of

composts by earthworm. It has an extensive usage in agriculture such as soil conditioner,

source of organic fertilizer in both organic and inorganic agriculture.

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of vermicomposts combinated to soil and

peat on wheat (Triticum vulgaris L.) growth and nutrition.

For these purpose, an air dried soil and peat were mixed with three rates of vermicompost

equivalent to 0% (control), 25% and 50% (v/v) combinations. The treatments were replicated

three times.

The data revealed that dry matter weight and nutritional concentration of aerial parts was

influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by the application of vermicompost in the growth media.

This study suggests that the vermicompost use in plant production has a role as a source of

nutrients for plant growth.

Keywords: Cow manure, vermicompost, wheat, triticum vulgaris l., plant nutrition, peat

203

REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

204

BM8_O2844

Sheep and Goat Production in Balkan Countries and The Status of Turkey

AyĢe ġen1* Ahmet Refik Önal

2 Muhittin Özder

3

Erkan Pehlivan4 Gürsel Dellal

5




3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept.of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey



Abstract

Sheep and goat production is the most important animal production in Balkan countries cause

the cultural conception choice. Mainly the production made for dual purpose as wool and

lamb. The number of the live animals changes in the Balkan and east European countries by

different factors.

According to the statistical data the biggest number of sheep with 31.140.244 heads, and goat

with 10.344.936 heads in Turkey. The structure of pasture has a big role in this factor. The

length of the green grass in pasture areas was mainly short and available for sheep and goat

feeding. Greece and Bulgaria follow Turkey with 9.072.000 and 1.369.578 heads of sheep

respectively and 4.255.000 and 289.308 heads of goat respectively in 2014.

The aim of this study was evaluation of goat and sheep numbers, product such as milk, meat,

wool and skin data in Turkey and other Balkan countries from 1960s to 2014.

Keywords: Balkan countries, goat,sheep, wool, meat,milk

205

BM8_O2998

Synchronization of Fresh and Frozen Cells Obtained from Livestock

Sezen Arat1*

1*Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey.

Abstract

The most important step of NT is to synchronize the cells of desired animal at desired cell

cycle stage for cloning. The aim of the project is to synchronize different type of cells (such

as; skin fibroblast, muscle cells, cartilage cells and granulosa cells) obtained from various

species (such as; cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo) at a particular cell cycle stage using a variety

of methods (serum starvation, contact inhibition and roscovitin), to determine the potential

harmful effects of methods on these cells, and to determine the less hazardous and the best

method. After synchronization experiments, cells were analysed by flow cytometry for cell

viability, apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle stage. As a result of this study, one or a few cell

synchronization options giving highest rate of G1/G0 and having lowest harmful effect on

cells were identified for four different cell types used at least on time for nuclear transfer

studies and resulted live birth. In addition, thinking of cells stored in frozen cell banks in the

scope of genetic resources conservation program, all methods were applied on both fresh and

frozen cells in comparison. This research was supported by TUBITAK with grant numbers

TOVAG-1120932 and Namık Kemal University with grant numbers

NKUBAP.00.24.AR.12.10


Keywords: Cell culture, cell cycle, cell synchronization, reprogramming, nuclear transfer,

flow cytometry

206

BM8_O2996

Cell Isolation from Livestock and Cry-conservation of Animal Cel

Sezen Arat1*

1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Tekirdag, Turkey.

Abstract

Cloning of organisms with nuclear transfer (NT), namely production of genetic copy of

organisms, is the most advanced point of today‟s modern biotechnology and assisted

reproductive technique. One of the main material for cloning process is the cell of animal

which is chosen for cloning. Therefore, the most important step of NT is to isolate the cells of

desired animal for cloning and also to cryopreserve them for long period. The aim of the

project is to isolate different type of cells (such as; skin fibroblast, muscle cells, cartilage cells

and granulosa cells) obtained from various species (such as; cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo)

and cryopreserve them by using differen cryoprotectant combinations. While the ratio of

necrotic and apoptotic cells was increased when the serum ratio in the freezing solution

decreased. The highest cell viability was obtained from freezing solution containing 10%

DMSO, 40% serum, in dextran 40 or dextrose. This research was supported by TUBITAK

with grant numbers TOVAG-1120932 and Namik Kemal University with grant numbers

NKUBAP.00.24.AR.12.10


Keywords: cell culture, cell isolation, cryopreservation, nuclear transfer, flow cytometry

207

BM8_O2706

The Effect of Royal Jelly Used in Different Methods on Puberty in Ewe Lambs

Ömer ġengül1* Ġbrahim Ak

2 Berna Emsen Steinman

3



2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey

3: Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Erzurum, Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the effects of royal jelly on puberty in ¼ Romanov and ¾ crossbred

Morkaraman female lambs were investigated. Royal jelly was applied in two ways; oral and

intravaginal. In the female lambs, the rate of estrus, day and time (in hours) of estrus was

observed and determined by real time ultrasonography (for pregnancy) and laparoscopic

(ovary examination). In this experiment, there were three groups of female lambs, in which

the first group consists of 15 animals were treated with royal jelly through intravaginal. In

second group there were 15 female lambs and they were treated orally, whereas the third

group which is a control group that consists of 10 female lambs had not being treated with

royal jelly. Estrus rates in the groups of royal jelly used by intravaginal and oral were

observed as 13 and 20% respectively, whereas within the control group there was no estrus

activity. However, estrus interval in both groups was observed in 3rd

-5th

days after the

withdrawal of the treatment. All the animals observed were found to have had an active

ovarium when observed during estrus activity by the ovarium examination.

Keywords: Honey bee, reproduction, sheep, puberty, follicle

208

BM8_O2829

The Effect of Trehalose on Post-thaw Drone Sperm Motility and Plasma Membrane

Integrity

Zekariya Nur1* Selvinar Seven Çakmak

2 Ġbrahim Çakmak

3 Nail Tekin Önder

4

Elif Gökçe4 Burcu Ustuner

4 M.Berk Toker

4 Selim Alçay

5 M.kemal Soylu

4


1: Uludag University Veterinary Faculty , Bursa, Turkey

2: Uludağ Üniversitesi, Agam, Bursa, Turkey

3: Uludag University, Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Bursa, Turkey

4: Uludağ University, Institute of Health Sciences, Dept. of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Bursa,

Turkey

5: Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Bursa, Turkey

Abstract

Sperm cryopreservation has led to increase in widespread use and practicability of assisted

reproductive techniques not only for domestic animals but also for humans and non-

mammalian animals. Drone semen was frozen with different cryoprotectans. DMSO was the

most frequently cryoprotectant that is used with the aim of the freezing drone semen. The aim

of the current study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of DMSO (0%, 6%

or 12%) in extenders with 0.05M, 0.1M or no trehalose on post-thaw drone semen motility

and plasma membrane integrity. Seven different extenders were designated as follows;

containing 0%DMSO and no trehalose extender as the control group, extender with the 6% or

12% DMSO was supplemented with the 0.05M, 0.1M or no trehalose respectively. Extended

semen was frozen with LN2 vapor for the 10min and then plunged in LN until thawing. Post-

thaw semen motility and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated under phase-contrast

microscopy (400×). The highest percentages of post-thaw motility were observed in the 12%

DMSO groups. It was observed that post-thaw motility and membrane integrity were higher

in the trehalose supplemented groups. The motility (0%) and plasma membrane integrity

(17%) obtained in the control group was lowest among groups. In conclusion, the freeze-thaw

process is detrimental to post-thaw drone semen viability. When the extender groups,

especially those with DMSO%12 were supplemented with 0.05 M or 0.1 M trehalose, a

greater cryoprotective effect was observed.

Acknowledgment: This work were supported by TUBĠTAK (Project Number:

TOVAG215O586)

Keywords: Honey bee , drone semen ,cryoprotectans , DMSO , trehalose

209

REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY


210

BM8_P2640

Artificial Reproduction of Nile Tilapia (oreochromis Niloticus) Under Controlled

Conditions

Ġlker YavaĢ1* Yusuf Bozkurt

2 Tugba Korkmaz Yavas

3


1: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept.of Reproduction and Art. Ins., Hatay, Turkey

2: Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hatay, Turkey

3: Ministry of Food and Livestock, Hatay, Turkey

Abstract

The Nile tilapia is one of the most cultivated freshwater fish species in the world

aquaculture. Although Nile tilapia is a freshwater fish, it can tolerate a wide range of salinity.

Therefore, the expansion of its culture in sea and brackishwater has attracted the attention of

fish farmers in recent years. This species has great breeding potential due to its hardiness

against worse environmental conditions, fast growth rate, adaptation to different

environmental conditions (e.g. salinity, temperature) and also good organoleptic

characteristics of its flesh.

However, limited reports have addressed related with artificial propagation of Nile tilapia.

Therefore, standardization and simplification of the artificial reproduction procedure for the

Nile tilapia is needed for commercial application. Before anything else, there are some

difficulties in artificial propagation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). It is possible to

indicate that, ovulation of eggs, spermiation of spermatozoa, induced breeding of the

broodfish, fertilization and incubation of eggs and also survival of the emryo and larvaes are

the main challenges that need to be resolved. From this point of view, findings of this research

significantly contribute improving of the artificial propagation of the of the Nile tilapia.

Keywords: Nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus, reproduction, induced breeding, fertilization

211

BM8_P2731

Specialization of Lingual Structures in the Avian Tongue

Serkan Erdoğan1* Shin-Ichi Iwasaki

2


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Anatomy, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry At Niigata, Dept. of Physiology, Niigata, Japan

Abstract

Tongues of birds exhibit common as well as varying anatomical characteristics in terms of

surface morphology, structure and topographical distribution of lingual papillae as well as

distinct specialized structures, epithelial layers, taste buds and lingual glands. This study

evaluates the important morphological peculiarities of the tongue, focusing on the relationship

between anatomical features and feeding functions. The intrinsic lingual muscles in mammals

include systems of transverse and longitudinal fibers that are not directly attached to the

hyobranchial apparatus. However, there are no true intrinsic lingual muscles in avian species.

The avian tongue is a comparatively rigid structure because of its poorly developed intrinsic

musculature and thick epidermal epithelium. Stratification and keratinization appeared to have

been the most important changes in the lingual epithelium during the evolutionary adaptation

of vertebrates from a wet to a dry habitat. Most of birds have a papillary crest which as known

row of conical papillae between root and body of the tongue and it functions mechanically.

There are no exact gustatory papillae , analogous to those in the mammalian tongue, in birds.

The dorsal surfaces of most of the avian tongues are covered by keratinized stratified

squamous epithelium. In the oral cavity, the submucosa and lamina propria contain collagen

and elastic fibers, blood vessels, nervous plexuses, ganglia, Herbst corpuscles, lymphoid

infiltrates and muscles. In birds, taste buds are situated deep in the epithelium and birds have

fewer taste buds than other tetrapods. The lingual glands are distributed throughout the lamina

propria, submucosa and entoglossum except at the tip of the tongue. The structure,

distribution and strategic localization of lingual papillae and other lingual projections on the

dorsal surface of the tongue, the lingual skeletal system, and keratinization all reflect feeding

mode, adaptation to habitat, catching of prey or food, and lifestyle.

Keywords: Lingual papillae, muscle, epithelium, gland, bird

212

BM8_P2735

Function-related Morphological Features of the Avian Tongue

Serkan Erdoğan1* Shin-Ichi Iwasaki

2


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Anatomy, Tekirdağ, Turkey

2: The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry At Niigata, Dept. Of Physiology, Niigata, Japan

Abstract

As a reflection of different life styles and environment, the tongue of vertebrates, which plays

a major role in the intake and swallowing of food, displays significant morphological

differences. The gross form and microscopic structure of the avian tongue differ greatly

according to lifestyle. The avian tongue plays a fundamental role in many functions such as

capturing, filtering, sucking and manipulating food in order to compensate absence of

subsidiary organs like teeth in the oropharyngeal cavity. Variations in lingual papillae play an

important role in feeding of birds, as they represent a structure similar to teeth in the upper

and lower beaks and can be used to hold and direct food in the oropharyngeal cavity. The

diversity of feeding adaptations among birds is revealed in the form and function of their

feeding apparatus, and morphological adaptations of avian tongues are also closely associated

with discrete eating habits, nutrient types, diet and living in different habitats, in addition to

the shape of the lower beak. If their environment changes organisms must adapt or specialize

to survive. Thus, feeding adaptation in conjunction with specialization of the feeding

apparatus, in particular the tongue, is essential for birds, which have very high metabolic

activity and energy requirements as compared to other vertebrates.

Keywords: Function, anatomy, tongue, bird

213

BM8_P2678

Superfood Spirulina Platensis and Animal Feeding

Nilay Seyidoglu1*


1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

The nutritional value of feeding is very important for animals. There have been several foods

and additives which used as dietary feeding, and researches that observed their importance.

Belong this issue, Spirulina platensis is the most nutritious food which is attracting attention

recent years. S. platensis is being rich in protein, vitamins, fatty acid composition and

antioxidants. It can be used for different animals as a food additive, and it has been an impact

effect on improving immunity, growth and reproductive performance, and egg and meat

quality. Besides that, it also important for aquacultural world.

Nowadays, the studies focused on natural effects of this interesting microalgae in animal

husbandry for improving health and quality of animal products. This study, it‟s aimed to

evaluate the nutrition effects of S.platensis in animal feedings, shown by researches and case

reports. Nevertheless, it‟s gained the importance of this microalgae whether or not side effect

on animal health. As a result, in nutrition worldwide, there has been a lot of food additive are

waiting for use. So, this study is an introduction of S.platensis for animal feeding.


Keywords: Spirulina platensis, animal feeding , food additive

214

BM8_P2687

Human Animal Bond and Interaction

Nilay Seyidoglu1 Gürsel Dinç

2*


1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary, Dept. of Anatomy, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

The Association of Human Veterinarians (AVMA) has defined the human animal bond and

interaction a useful and dynamic collabration between human and animals for health and

grace of both sides. The importance of animal rights and welfare has begun to be pronounced

in recent years, while it has based on the interests of humans extends to the first ages.

Human animal bond is based on emotions. Scientists asserted one of the most basic

motivation of being a human is orginated from animal love. They also reported that this

animal love is an interpolation of biology and culture. However, this bond of love is both

variable and complex. Though animals are our closest firends, at the same time, they are our

food or our passenger animals or our laboratory test subjects.

The truth of human and animal interaction is to recognize each other, contact and share the

powers mutually. The positive effects of this sharing is the subject of the studies about the

health and life quality on both sides. This study is presented the importance of human animal

bond and interaction, the animals that are being evaluated for this and the place of the human

animal bond and interaction in the world.


Keywords: Human-animal bond ,human-animal interaction behavior,behavior

215

BM8_P2707

Relationship Between Body Condition Score In Dry Period Or Different Lactation Days

And Selected Reproductive Parameters In Dairy Cow

Nurcan Karslıoğlu Kara1* Mehmet Koyuncu

2




Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body condition

score in dry-off, calving or different lactation days with body condition change inter-these

periods and selected reproductive parameters. In this study, body condition scoring (using a 5-

point scale with quarter-point divisions) was performed on 130 Holstein dairy cows in six

period included dry-off (BCSD), calving (BCSC), days in milk (DIM) 70, 140, 210 and 280

(BCS70, BCS140, BCS210, BCS280) and analyzed its relationship with selected reproductive

parameters (calving interval, calving to first service, calving to conception interval and

service per conception). The relationship among the BCS assessment periods, the relationship

between the difference of BCSD and BCS70 (BCSD-70) with BCSD and BCS140 (BCSD-140) and

calving to first service (CFS) were found important (P<0,01, P<0,05 respectively ). Also, the

relationship between CFS and calving interval (CI) and average BCS (BCSavg) during

lactation was found important (P<0,01, P<0,05). While the relationship with dry-off and

calving and selected reproductive parameters was not found to be statistically important, an

important relationship was found between BCS70 and CFS, CI (P<0,01, P<0,05), BCS140 and

BCS210 with CFS (P<0,01, P<0,05). When the effect of the determined relationships were

assessed, the effects of BCS70 and BCS140 on CFS were found important (P<0,05, P<0,01). As

a conclusion, it can be said that optimum BCS interval in DIM70 and DIM140 are 2,0< BCS70

≤ 3,5 and 2,0< BCS140 ≤ 3,75; respectively for minimum CFS.

Keywords: Body condition score,dairy cow,holstein,reproduction,reproductive performance

216

BM8_P2744

Studies on Life Cycles of Nasonia Vitripennis (pteromalidae:hymenoptera) on

Calliphora Vicina (calliphoridae:diptera) as Forensic Indicator in Turkey, New Record

Lütfiye Gençer1* Yakup ġenyüz

2 Hasan Ari

3


1: Cumhuriyet University, Sivas , Turkey

2: Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Art and Science Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey

3: Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Kütahya, Turkey

Abstract

Following death insect are usually the first to research a corpe and the most important and

essential components of the decomposition process. Insects successions on carcass are usually

the source of information with criminal events. The developmental rate of insects are their

faunal progression are being increasingly utilized in determining the time of death time of

human death from the post-mortem interval. Calliphorids are the primary and most accurate

forensic indicator of time of death. Calliphora vicina is important fly for forensic entomology

with the other species belong to Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae. Nasonia

vitripennis is parasitoid of Calliphora vicina. Although life cycles of host C. vicina and

parasitoid N. vitripennis has been described separely life cycles of parasitoid-host relationship

has not been described together. In this study is determined life cycles in host-parasitoĢd

relationship of C. vicina and N. vitripennis. Although N. vitripennis is cosmopolitan and its

biology is well known, this is the first study for Turkey of N. vitripennis as a forensic

indicator.

Keywords: nasonia vitripennis ,calliphora vicina ,parasitoid ,host ,turkey

217

BM8_P2629

Association Heat Shock Protein with Some Physiological Parameters in Goats

Nazan Koluman1* Serap Goncu

2


1: Cukurova University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey


Abstract

Stress is abroad term generally used in negative connotation and is described as the

cumulative detrimental effect of a variety of factors on the health and performance of animals,

these factors predispose mammals to physiological, metabolic or immunological stresses

Pearce(2014) .Heat stress is a significant issue for many livestock, the impact of heat stress

on dairy animals include reduced feed intake but greater nutritional energy requirement,

reduced fertility, increased respiratory and heart rates, panting activity, increased peripheral

blood flow and sweating, reduced milk production and lower milk quality Dunn et al.(2014)

and West et al.(2002) .Because heat shock protein are highly conserved proteins activated by

numerous physiological and physical stressors Yang et al. (2006) and confer thermo tolerance

and the ability of the cell to survive injury and oxidative stress Craig (1988) by reducing the

accumulation of damaged or abnormal polypeptides within cells Parsell and Lindquist (1993).

They perform a crucial role in intracellular transport by maintaining proteins in an inactive

form and preventing protein degradation Neuer et al. (2000). Additionally Hsps60, Hsps70 are

localized in mitochondria cytoplasm, nucleus, endoplasmic, reticulum Adiyaman (2014).

These heat shock proteins which are needed for the protection of the organism from stress

also provides the balance between the folded and misfolded protein

Keywords: Heat shock, goat, physilogy

218

LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND MARKETING


219

BM8_P2769

A Survey for Current Status of Karacabey Merino Sheep Breeders

M. Ġhsan Soysal1* Eser Kemal Gürcan

2 Emel Özkan Ünal

3 Önder Eken

4






Abstract

Present study was aimed to show the situation of Karacabey Merino Sheep breeding in

Tekirdag. As the same time, economic and social statuses of sheep breeders were detected

with results of questionnaire in this region. For this purpose, whole breeders were especially

chosen from participating in improvement projects. The education status is consisted of

mostly elementary school (78%) then high school (22%) in the respondent breeders in survey.

All breeders were explained to have some additional incomes from other agricultural

production. The main income was the sale of live animal for meat production. The average

herd size is found 200 heads and animals are grazed by breeders as personally. Animals were

raised in sheep pen nearly 100 day on difficult winter condition. Generally, pasture grazing

season is between March and November months. The breeders determined that the most

frequent health problem is parasites and spring months are breeding season for animal. All the

breeders expressed that they were satisfied with improvement projects of sheep.

Keywords: Karacabey merino sheep, breeding of sheep, status of sheep breeders

220

BM8_P2913

The Effect of Lactic Acid And Basillus Bacteries on Beef Cattle Manure Compost

Process and Quality

Alper Onenc1*


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Composting is the biological decomposition and stabilization of organic material. The process

produces heat that, in turn, produces a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and viable

plant seeds, and can be beneficially applied to the land. As the product stabilizes, odours are

reduced and pathogens eliminated. There are various composting methods such as bins,

passive windrows, turned windrows, aerated static piles and in-vessel channels. The proper

approach depends on the time to complete composting, the material and volume to be

decomposed, space available, the availability of resources (labour, finances, etc.) and the

quality of finished product required. On the other hand, there is necessity to decrease labour

and time also to increase quality.

In this study, good bacteries are used to decrease composting process time and to increase

quality on beef cattle manure. Three groups were formed, in group 1, manure pile was non

turned and added good bacteries, in group 2 manure pile was turned six times added good

bacteries, in group 3 manure pile was turned 6 times. Temperature was taken every week,

manure samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter, C, N, C/N, N, P, K, fluvic and humic

acids content at the initial and 56 days. The results showed that good bacteries improved the

beef manure compost quality

Keywords: Composting, beef manure, good bacteries

221

BM8_P2682

Investigation of Ventilation and Lighting Systems Sufficiency in Closed Type

Traditional Water Buffalo Barns in Turkey*

Israfil Kocaman1* Cömert Kurç

2


1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

Farm animals emit heat, water vapor and various gases into the barn environment. The heat,

humidity, harmful odour and gas given by the animals to the barn environment must be

thrown out from barn without reaching the level that could be harmful to the animals. This

condition can be achieved by a change of air between the outside environment and barn

within certain limits. This research was conducted in order to determine the sufficiency of

existing ventilation and lighting from point of animal welfare in Istanbul Province where has

great importance for traditional water buffalo husbandry. As a result of the research, it was

determined that 38.7% of the barns had no ventilation chimneys and windows were used as

air inlet and outlet in these barns. Window areas for lighting had great difference among water

buffalo barns and the window area ratio were determined as between 0.66 and 4.80%

depending on the floor area. When these data and climate condition of study region were

evaluated based on literature knowledges, it was showed that the requirement of climatic

condition for animal welfare could not be met at optimal level in the traditional water buffalo

barns.

*The study was supported by TOVAG of TUBITAK with project number 115O602.

Keywords: Water buffalo barns, ventilation, lighting, animal welfare

222

BM8_P2683

Determination of Project Outdoor Temperature According to Different Seasons for

Planning of Animal Production Structures Located in the Thrace Part of Istanbul

Province*

Israfil Kocaman1* Cömert Kurç

2 Can Burak Sisman

3




3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey

Abstract

It is necessary to prepare animal barn plans which are suitable for the special conditions of the

various climatic regions and to improve their existing animal barns in order to ensure the

appropriate indoor conditions in our country where has several climatic conditions has

depend on regions. The climatic conditions are one of the most effective factors in this regard.

Suitable and economic balance should be ensured between indoor and outdoor climatic

conditions for planning of animal barns. The determination of project outdoor temperature is

one of most important matters with regards to providing climatic conditions in the closed type

animal barns, calculation of heat-moisture balance and determination of economic

construction for structures.

This study was carried out in order to determine the project outdoor temperature related to the

planning of animal production facilities in Thrace part of Istanbul Province depend on

different seasons. As a result of the study, it was found that the project outdoor temperature

could be taken as -1.0 o C for the winter season, 10.0

o C for the transition seasons and 26.6

o C

for the summer season.


Keywords: Animal barns, project outdoor temperature, heat-moisture balance

223

224

BM8_P2681

A Study on Mist Cooling System in the Water Buffalo Barn*

Israfil Kocaman1* Can Burak Sisman

2 Cömert Kurç

3 Erhan Gezer

4



2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey


4: Namik Kemal University Biosystem Engineering Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Water buffaloes are more susceptible to heat stress than other cattle due to their physiological

and genetic structures. These animals try to cool off in the lakes, streams or puddles to avoid

heat stress. A set of precautions must be taken to tolerate heat stress for the water buffaloes

grown in the barns. The most common method is to build cooling ponds in the practice.

However, building cooling ponds has some disadvantages, and these are space occupation and

extra fund for farmers due to building and operation costs. Also, cooling ponds may cause

some problems in terms of environmental pollution, human and animal welfare. To tolerate

these problem, mist cooling system could be suggested instead of cooling ponds.

This study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of mist cooling system

which is easy and economical method on summer and transition seasons under high ambition

temperature for the current and newly planned water buffalo enterprises. As a result of the

study, the ambient temperature could be reduced by 6-8 oC with mist cooling system,

depending on moisture content. It has been shown that it is possible to keep the ambient

temperature below 25 oC, which is considered to be the starting point of stress for livestock.


Keywords: Water buffalo, mist cooling system, heat stress

225

BM8_P2826

Ornamental Fish Culture in A Fully Controlled Recirculating Systems

Çetin Yağcilar1* Fatih Özen

2 Cemal Polat

3



2: Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Tecnical Sciences, Control and Automation Technology,

Tekirdağ, Turkey


Abstract

In the closed recirculating systems in which the ornamental fish farming is carried out, it is

necessary to provide the most suitable environmental conditions for the fish cultured in order

to obtain the fish growth with low cost. In this study, a system has been set up to monitor,

control and collect various parameters in 150 aquariums. In the newly set-up system,

automatic control of the water levels in all aquariums, keeping the water in the aquariums at a

constant-desired temperature and measuring the temperature values are aimed. The system is

based on PLC and SCADA. In the system, communication between the used communication

protocol and the system units is also provided. The data obtained from the system are

monitored instantly on the computer and recorded in the database in the desired periods, the

data recorded in the database is able to be reported retrospectively and displayed graphically.

Keywords: Ornamental fish farming, recirculating systems, PLC, SCADA.

226

BM8_P2690

Evaluation of Livestock Farming Organizations in Turkey in Terms of Agricultural

Supports

Gülen Özdemir1* Ġbrahim Halil Bakır

2



2: Ministry Of Agriculture, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Agriculture has many differences compared to other sectors, especially due to the livestock

structure. For this reason, increasing the incomes of producers in our country and all over the

world are supported in various forms with purposes such as environment-friendly and

sustainable production and self-sufficiency.

Organization has an important role in achieving success in agricultural production as well as

in every area. An organized agriculture sector can reduce the disadvantages of the agriculture

sector by providing production planning, marketing and efficiency gains. In addition to these,

producer organizations; Agricultural support, the keeping of statistical data, and farmer

education can share the workload of public administrations. As in the case of animal

husbandry support, directing producers to organize can provide many benefits in addition to

the main aims of agricultural support.

The existing agricultural supports in our country are granted under the name of area based

supports, watershed based difference payments, animal husbandry support, compensatory

support, insurance support, other support, rural development support and IPARD support. In

the year 2015, most important support in agriculture was in livestock farming with TL

2,973,000,000. Various support and duties are given to livestock organizations in support of

livestock farming support. These organizations are; Corps of Breeders for Cultivation

established in accordance with the Law No. 5996, Farmers Associations established in

accordance with the Law No. 5200 and Agricultural Cooperatives established in accordance

with the Law No. 1163, which is allowed to be established by the Ministry of Food,

Agriculture and Livestock. In order to analyze all these and to evaluate the contribution of

agriculture, in this study it was tried to determine the importance and effect of producer

organizations in terms of agricultural support in Turkey.

Keywords: Livestock farming,organizations,agricultural supports,cooperatives

227

BM8_P2901

Comparison of Two Methods Using Measurement of The Surface Area of The M.

Longissimus Dorsi (MLD)*

Aykut Asım AkbaĢ1* Mehmet Sarı

2 Ozkan Elmaz

3 Mustafa Saatci

4



2: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Animal Science, Burdur, Turkey

3: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey


Abstract

Using accurate and objective methods for determining carcass traits is so important in terms

of obtaining facility for efford and time savings. The purpose of this study was to compare

two different methods, planimeter method and a new method with Autocad software

programme, using measurement of the surface area of the M. longissimus dorsi (MLD). In the

study, MLD area from 47 lambs with HemĢin and Tuj breeds and 63 kids with Saanen,

Honamlı and Hair breeds were used. In a new procedure, the surface area of the MLD was

traced onto acetate papers and then transferred to a computer by scanning. The AutoCAD

software program was used to calculate the area of the MLD.

In the study, statistically significant (P< 0.001) correlation coefficients between planimeter

method and software method were detected as 0.998 and 0.993 for lambs and kids,

respectively. The Autocad method can be use as a time saving practical usage instead of

planimeter method. This method should be applied the samples from directly obtained from

carcass measurements. Also, this technique can be conbine with the some image capturing

methods, to reach the reliable results in a short time.

*The data were obtained from a part of projects supported by The Scientific and

Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), projects no: 215O879 and 111O456

and also Kafkas University Scientific Research Project Comission, Project No: VF-56

Keywords: Autocad, musculus longissimus dorsi, planimeter

228

BM8_P2733

Characteristics, Productivity And Using Areas Of Bee Venom

Recep Sirali1 Dilruba Aksoy

2*


1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept of Zootechnics and Animal Nutrition,

Tekirdag, Turkey

2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Tekirdağ, Turkey

Abstract

Bee venom is venom gland secretions of worker bees. These glands are located in the bee

colony of female individuals. Bee venom has a unique taste and aroma and acid trait. It means

a material which when in contact with air dries quickly crystallized. Although the poisons

obtained from apis species are similar in structure, there are slight differences in the structure

of poisons from bee species and various bee races. 88% of bee venom is composed of water.

In addition, at least 18 pharmacological active ingredients have been identified in bee venom,

including glucose and fructose sugars, phospholipid structures, various enzymes, proteins,

peptides, amines and amino acids. Proteins and enzymes are the most important elements in

the effectiveness of bee venom. The bee poison is produced by the old workers bees in the 15

days who serve in the hive. The amount of wet poison that honey bees possess varies from

0.05 to 0.3 mg depending on the season and the age of the bee. A 0.1 mg dry bee venom can

be produced from 0.3 mg wet poison at the needle point of the bee. 1 g of dry bee venom

there are at least a million bee stings to the requirement to obtain produced with the help of

special devices the electric current of about 12 volt power. Production and use in medicine in

recent years due to the pharmacologic effects of bee venom is increasing every day. It has

been reported that honey bee poison has a very complex structure and contains many

biochemical and pharmacological active substances.

In this review has discussed the physical and chemical properties, collecting, storing,

economic value, marketing and use in in therapy of bee venom and also provides information

about the drugs produced from bee venom.

Keywords: Bee venom, characteristics, productivity, using areas

229

BM8_P2691

Bovine Breeding in Yozgat Province and It’s Importance for Turkey

Orhan Ermetin1* Ahmet HaĢim Keskin

2


1: Bozok University. Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey

2: Ministry of Food, Agriculture And Livestock Turkey Soil Water And Desertification Control Research

Ġnstitute, Konya, Turkey

Abstract

Milk and meat consumption is indispensable for human health and nutrition. An important

part of the consumption of milk (92%) and meat (30%) is provided from cattle and buffalo in

Turkey. This study was carried out in order to determine the current status of bovine breeding,

its development potential and its place in the country's economy in Yozgat province. Total

number of cattle is 205.500 heads in Yozgat province. Pure cattle breeds are 113.025, the

crossbreeds are 69.870, native breads are 20.550 and buffalo are 2.055 heads in this total

number of bovine. The percentage of these bovine animals of Turkey; Pure breeds of cattle

are 45.8%, crossbreeds are 41.2%, native breeds are 12.9% and buffaloes are 1%. On the

other hand, the rate of these genotypes at livestock of Yozgat is 55%, 34%, 10% and 1%

respectively. Despite the high number of pure breeds and their crossbreeds are approaching

90%, unfortunately this ratio is not reflected positively in meat and milk production, due to

the lack of care and feeding conditions.

Most of the bovine breeding farms are small and family scale farms in Yozgat province. In

addition, the average milk production per dairy cattle is 2396 lt / year. The province's total

milk production is 18 million 655 thousand tons of which 90,8% is cow's milk, 6,3% sheep

milk, 2,6% goat's milk and 0,3% buffalo milk. The amount of meat obtained from cattle and

buffalo are 7950 tons.

The development of livestock in the area can be achieved by increasing operational capacities,

improving bovine breeding conditions and by making more conscious shelters designed for

animal welfare.

Keywords: Bovine breeding, meat production, milk production, Yozgat

Documents

ABSTRACT BOOK - Universitetiuni-prizren.com/repository/docs/ABSTRACT_BOOK_307604.pdf5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ,