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The Nervous System (Insert Dari)

EO 003.01 Part 6

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Teaching Points(Insert Dari)

1. Function of the Nervous System.

2. Neurons and Nerve Signal Transmission

3. Central and Peripheral Nervous System

4. Disorders of the Nervous System

5. In-class Assignment

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Function of the Nervous System(Insert Dari)

Three basic functions

(1) sensing changes through receptors

• fullness of stomach or sun on your face

(2) interpreting those changes

(3) Reacting to those changes through:

• muscle contractions• gland secretions

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Neurons (Insert Dari) A neuron is a nerve cell that

transmits information by electrical and chemical signals.

A neuron is composed of:

1) Cell body

2) Dendrite

3) Axon

4) Myelin sheath

A network of

neurons is called

a nerve.

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Cell Body (Insert Dari)

Dendrite (Insert Dari) Axon

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Myelin Sheath(Insert Dari)

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How Neurons Work(Insert Dari)

Each neuron receives an impulse and must pass it on to the next neuron.

Nerve impulses are sent from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell.

The area between the two nerve cells is called the synapse.

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Nerve Synapse (Insert Dari) (1) The nerve impulse

travels from the dendrites through the cell body and down the axon.

(2) When the impulse reaches the axon it releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter.

(3) The neurotransmitter then crosses the synapse and binds to a receptor on the dendrite of the next neuron in order to transfer the signal.

Note: The synapse is a site of action for various medications.

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Nerve Synapse (Insert Dari) (Insert Dari)

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Classification of Neuronsعصبی حجرات وظیفوی بندی تصنیف

• Sensory neurons

• transport sensory information from skin, muscles, joints, sense organs & viscera to the brain.

• Motor neurons

• send motor nerve impulses to muscles & glands from the brain.

•( صاعده ( حسی عصبی حجرات

جلد، • از را حسی معلوماتاعضای مفاصل، و عضالت

عصبی سیستم به احشأ و حسیمیدهد انتقال مرکزی

•( نازله ( حرکی عصبی حجرات

به • را حرکی عصبی های سیالهمیدهد انتقال غدوات و عضالت

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Sensory Signal Transmission(Insert Dari)

Insert Dari Hot water(Insert Dari)

Sensory receptors sends nerve impulses via sensory neurons and spinal cord to the brain telling the brain the water temperature is too hot.

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Motor Signal Transmission(Insert Dari)

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The brain then sends information back the the muscles of the hand/arm via motor neurons to turn the temperature of the water down.

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How Motor and Sensory Neurons work together (Insert Dari)

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Nervous System Divisions

عصبی سیستم شعبات• Central nervous system (CNS)

• consists of the brain and spinal cord

• Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• consists of cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers

• connects CNS to muscles, glands & all sensory receptors

مرکزی • عصبی سیستم

نخاع • و دماغ شاملاست شوکی

محیطی • عصبی سیستم

قحفی • اعصاب بر شاملحاوی که بوده نخاعی و

و حسی های رشته دو هرمیباشد حرکی

مرکزی • عصبی سیستمو غدوات عضالت، به را

وصل ها آخذه تماممیسازد

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Organization of the Nervous System

CNS is brain and spinal cord

PNS is everything else

شوکی نخاع و دماغ از متشکل مرکزی عصبی سیستماست

میباشد محیطی عصبی سیستم از عبارت دیگر متباقی

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The Central Nervous Systemمرکزی عصبی سیستم

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The Brain (Insert Dari)

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Structures of the Brain(Insert Dari)

Frontal lobe- responsible for problem solving and judgment and motor function.

Temporal lobe- is involved with memory and hearing

Parietal lobe - manages sensation, handwriting, and body position

Occipital lobe- contains the brain's visual processing system

Cerebellum- is responsible for coordination and balance.

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The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

نخاعی . اعصاب و شوکی نخاع

• Together with brain forms the CNS

• Functions• pathway for upward and

downward travel of sensory and motor information

سیستم • مغز با همراهتشکیل را مرکزی عصب

میدهد. وظایف •

معلومات • انتقال طرقطرف به حرکی و حسی

سفلی و علوی

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Peripheral Nervous Systemمحیطی عصبی سیستم

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Subdivisions of the PNSعصبی سیستم فرعی بندی شعبه

•محیطی Somatic nervous system

• voluntary

• motor neurons to skeletal muscles

• Autonomic nervous systems

• involuntary

• from sensory neurons within organs to the brain

• motor neurons to cardiac muscle and glands

• sympathetic division (speeds up heart rate)

• parasympathetic division (slow down heart rate)

• Enteric nervous system (ENS)• sensory & motor neurons control GI tract

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Autonomic Nervous System (Insert Dari)

Parasympathetic Sympathetic

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Disorders of the Nervous System(Insert Dari)

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Disorders of the Central Nervous System (Insert Dari)

These conditions affect the brain or spinal cord.

Stroke – an interruption of blood supply to the brain causing damage to the brain tissue.

Paralysis – loss of muscle function due to stroke or damage to the spinal cord.

Meningitis – inflammation of the membrane that protects the spinal cord and brain, caused by viral or bacterial infection.

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Disorders of the Central Nervous System Continued(Insert)

Dementia – a decrease in memory, attention, problem solving, decision making and understanding. This is due to aging and neuron degeneration.

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Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System (Insert Dari)

Neuropathy – damage to a nerve due to disease or trauma.

Symptoms can include pain, loss of function and numbness.

There are many different types of neuropathy.

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Questions? (Insert Dari)

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In-class Assignment(Insert Dari)

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1. Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

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A) Sensing changes through receptors B) Modifying sensory information C) Interpreting sensory changesD) Reacting to sensory changes

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1. Answer: Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

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A) Sensing changes through receptors B) Modifying sensory information C) Interpreting sensory changesD) Reacting to sensory changes

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2. Identify the following structures of a neuron(Insert Dari)

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Cell Body (Insert Dari)

Dendrite (Insert Dari) Axon

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Myelin Sheath(Insert Dari)

2. Answer: Identify the following structures of a neuron(Insert Dari)

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3. Name the two types of neurons(Insert Dari)

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1. Sensory

2. Motor

3. Name the two types of neurons(Insert Dari)

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4. The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into 3 components, what are they called?

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4. Answer: The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into 3 components, what are they called?

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1. Autonomic Nervous System 2. Somatic Nervous System 3. Enteric Nervous system

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5. Which of the following is not a Nervous System disorder?

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A) Meningitis

B) Neuropathy

C) Dystrophy

D) Paralysis

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