CAIRO

KINSHASA

LAGOS

Douala

IbadanOgbomosho Oshogbo

Alexandria

Giza

Casablanca

Dar-es-Salaam

Johannesburg

Lubumbashi

Durban

Abidjan

Rabat

Dakar

Conakry

Accra

Tripoli

Algiers

Khartoum

Addis Ababa

Kampala

Nairobi

Mogadishu

Brazzaville

Yaounde

Luanda

PretoriaMaputo

Harare

Lusaka

Cape Town

Marrakech

Fez

Oran

Kananga

Ilorin

Kano

Benghazi

Mombasa

Mbuji-Mayi

Blantyre

Tangier

Bouake

Pointe Noire

Kisangani

Port Elizabeth

Port Said

Kolwezi

Bulawayo

Freetown

Monrovia

Ouagadougou

Niamey

N’Djamena

Tunis

Djibouti

Bangui

Libreville

Antananarivo

El Mansura

Constantine

Bamako

Kaolack

Bobo-DioulassoMaiduguri

Port Sudan

Asyut

El FaiyumSuez

Safi

Sfax

Kisumu

Tanga

Zanzibar

Beira

Tamale

Likasi

Matadi

Juba

Oujda

KitweNdola

Kassala

Wad Medani

East London

Pietermaritzburg

Las Palmas

Jima

Dese

SegouZinder

Atbara

Lobito

Huambo

Mahajanga

ToamasinaMutareGweru

Maseru

MoundouKorhogo

KankanBerbera

Gonder

Maradi

Agadez

El Aaiun

Port Gentil

Nampula

Quelimane

Benguela

Namibe

Wau

Dire Dawa Hargeysa

Kismayu

Nouakchott

Bissau

YamoussoukroPorto-Novo Benin City

ZariaKaduna

Abuja

Asmara

Dodoma

Kigali

Bujumbura

Windhoek

Gaborone

Lilongwe

Port Louis

Bloemfontein

Luxor

Al KhumsMisratahZlitan Al Marj

Sousse

Annaba

BatnaSetif

Sidi-Bel-Abbes

Agadir

Meknes

Tetouan

Kenitra

Khouribga

Thies

Ziguinchor

Daloa

DivoKumasi

Lome

Sikasso

Port HarcourtOnitsha

Aba

El Obeid

Nyala

KostiGedaref

El Geneina

El Fasher

Nazret

Mekele

Bahir Dar

Merca

Nakuru

BomaTshikapa

Bukavu

Kikwit

Mbandaka

Maroua

Garoua

Kabwe

Chimoio

Nacala

Antsirabe

Fianarantsoa

Mwanza

Morogoro

Mbeya

Banjul

Praia

Mbabane

Moroni

Victoria

Malabo

Timbuktu

Bata

Sao Tome

San Pedro

LakeTanganyika

Lake RukwaLakeMweru

Lake Malawi

LakeKariba

MakgadikgadiPan

EtoshaPan

I N D I A N

O C E A N

M E D I T E R R A N E A NS E A

Cape Palmas

Cape Fria

Cape of Good Hope

Cape Ambre

Aldabra Atoll

Mafia

Pemba

Sicily

Malta Crete CYPRUS

Principe

Sao Tome

Europa Reunion(France)

Canary Islands(Spain)

Madeira Islands(Portugal)

Socotra

Ascension (U.K.)

St Helena (U.K.)

Mayotte(France)

TUNISIA

ISRAEL

JORDANKUWAIT

SENEGAL

SIERRA LEONE

LIBERIA

GHANA

CAMEROON

GAMBIA

UGANDA

RWANDA

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

MALAWI

ZIMBABWE

BURUNDI

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

COMOROS

SAO TOMEAND PRINCIPE

BENINTOGO

QATAR

LEBANON

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

A L G E R I A

M A L I

S P A I N T U R K E Y

L I B Y A

E G Y P T

N I G E R

C H A D

S U D A N

K E N Y A

Y E ME N

I R A N

T A N Z A N I A

N I G E R I A

G A B O N

N A M I B I A

S O U T H A F R I C A

M A U R I T A N I A

E T H I O P I A

S A U D I

A R A B I A

A N G O L A

I R A Q

G R E E C EI T A L YPORTUGAL

U.A.E.

BAHRAINWesternSahara

C A P EV E R D E

AFGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

SEYCHELLES

MAURITIUS

GUINEA BISSAU

M O R OC

CO

SO

MA

LI

A

D E M O C R A T I C

R E P U B L I C

O F C O N G O

MA

DA

GA

SC

A

R

MO

ZA

MB

IQ

UE

B O T S W A N A

Z A M B I

A

I V O R Y

C O A S T

G U I N E A BURKINA FASO

OM

AN

S Y R I A

0 500 1000 1500 km

Azimuthal Equal Area Projection

1 : 32 000 000 — 1 centimetre on the map represents 320 kilometres on the ground.

20°E 30°EE F

Tropic of Capricorn

Equator

Tropic of Cancer

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

CO

NG

O

River

Orange

N

LakeVictoria

LakeTurkana

River

Cong

o

RiverZambezi

Moz

ambi

que

Chann

el

Lake Nasser

Nile

River

Lake Chad

Strait of Gibraltar

Niger

River

Lake Volta

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E30°W A B C D E F G H I J164

30°N

20°N

10°N

0°

10°S

20°S

7

8

2

3

4

5

6

140

60°E50°E40°E10°E0°20°W 10°W G H I JDA B C

30°N

20°N

20°S

10°S

0°

10°N

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

180

GeofactsLargest country: Sudan 2 505 810 sq km (F6)

Smallest country: Seychelles 455 sq km (I4)

Largest population: Nigeria 128 771 988 (D5)

Smallest population: Seychelles 81 188 (I4)

Highest population density: Mauritius 662 people per sq km (I2)

Lowest population density: Namibia 2.5 people per sq km (E2)

Richest country (GDP per capita): Libya US$7482 (E7)

Poorest country (GDP per capita): Burundi US$104 (F4)

Amazing placesOlduvai Gorge (G4)

This steep-sided ravine in northern Tanzania has yielded fossil evidence of the earliest humans and their tools, dating back 1.7 million years.

Great Pyramid of Giza (G7)

Built around 2580 BC, the Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that remains today. It is made up of more than two million granite blocks, each weighing 2.5 tonnes.

Temple of Karnak (G7)

The world’s largest temple, near Luxor on the Nile River, was built around 1250 BC.

Cairo (G8)

With a population of 11 155 000, Cairo is Africa’s largest city. It is the capital of Egypt and the cultural centre of the Arab world.

Africa — human features

Cairo

Giza

River

Nile

N i l e    D e l t a

5_61_04076_Atlas6e_180-81 180 28/6/07 10:42:40 AM

MaputoReunion(France)

N I G E RCountry border

Disputed border

Country name

Dependency

Major road

Major railway

River

Lake

Country capital Island

CAIRO

Pretoria

Blantyre

Sfax

1 000 000 to 5 000 000 people

500 000 to 1 000 000 people

100 000 to 500 000 people

Over 5 000 000 people

Banjul Under 100 000 people

People persquare kilometre

Over 200

100 to 200

Under 1

100 000 to 1 000 000

1 000 000 to 5 000 000

Over 5 000 000

Urban population

20 to 100

1 to 20

50 000 to 100 000

0 1000 2000 km

Nomadic herding

Livestock farming

Shifting cultivation

Sedentary cultivation

Intensive cultivation

Little or no agriculture

Subsistence crop andlivestock farming

Commercial crop andlivestock farming

Specialised farming

Horticulture and vineyards

N

Ag

Al

Al

Al

AlAu

Au Au Au

Au

AuAu

AuAu

Au

Au

AuAu

Au

Au

AuAu

AuAu

Au

Au

CuCu

Cu

CuCu

Cu

CuDi

Di

DiDiDi

Di

Di

Di

Di

FeFe

Fe

FeFe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

FeFeFe

Fe

Di DiDi

Mn

Mn

Mn

Mn

P

P

PP

P

P

P

P

Pb

Pb

Pb

PbPb

PbPb

O

O

OO

O

OO O O

Sn

Sn

Sn

SnSn

Sn

U

U

U

U

Zn

Zn

ZnZn

O

ZnAu

O

AlAu

U

Pt

CuCu

Cu

Di

P

P

DiFe

MnAu

P

U

P

Tin

Diamonds

Ag SilverBauxiteGoldCopper

IronManganeseOilPlatinumPhosphateLead

UraniumZinc

Al

Au

Di

Cu

Cu

Fe

Mn

O

Pt

Pt

P

Pb

Sn

U

Zn Oil and gas fieldCoal field

CAIRO

KINSHASA

LAGOS

Douala

IbadanOgbomosho Oshogbo

Alexandria

Giza

Casablanca

Dar-es-Salaam

Johannesburg

Lubumbashi

Durban

Abidjan

Rabat

Dakar

Conakry

Accra

Tripoli

Algiers

Khartoum

Addis Ababa

Kampala

Nairobi

Mogadishu

Brazzaville

Yaounde

Luanda

PretoriaMaputo

Harare

Lusaka

Cape Town

Marrakech

Fez

Oran

Kananga

Ilorin

Kano

Benghazi

Mombasa

Mbuji-Mayi

Blantyre

Tangier

Bouake

Pointe Noire

Kisangani

Port Elizabeth

Port Said

Kolwezi

Bulawayo

Freetown

Monrovia

Ouagadougou

Niamey

N’Djamena

Tunis

Djibouti

Bangui

Libreville

Antananarivo

El Mansura

Constantine

Bamako

Kaolack

Bobo-DioulassoMaiduguri

Port Sudan

Asyut

El FaiyumSuez

Safi

Sfax

Kisumu

Tanga

Zanzibar

Beira

Tamale

Likasi

Matadi

Juba

Oujda

KitweNdola

Kassala

Wad Medani

East London

Pietermaritzburg

Las Palmas

Jima

Dese

SegouZinder

Atbara

Lobito

Huambo

Mahajanga

ToamasinaMutareGweru

Maseru

MoundouKorhogo

KankanBerbera

Gonder

Maradi

Agadez

El Aaiun

Port Gentil

Nampula

Quelimane

Benguela

Namibe

Wau

Dire Dawa Hargeysa

Kismayu

Nouakchott

Bissau

YamoussoukroPorto-Novo Benin City

ZariaKaduna

Abuja

Asmara

Dodoma

Kigali

Bujumbura

Windhoek

Gaborone

Lilongwe

Port Louis

Bloemfontein

Luxor

Al KhumsMisratahZlitan Al Marj

Sousse

Annaba

BatnaSetif

Sidi-Bel-Abbes

Agadir

Meknes

Tetouan

Kenitra

Khouribga

Thies

Ziguinchor

Daloa

DivoKumasi

Lome

Sikasso

Port HarcourtOnitsha

Aba

El Obeid

Nyala

KostiGedaref

El Geneina

El Fasher

Nazret

Mekele

Bahir Dar

Merca

Nakuru

BomaTshikapa

Bukavu

Kikwit

Mbandaka

Maroua

Garoua

Kabwe

Chimoio

Nacala

Antsirabe

Fianarantsoa

Mwanza

Morogoro

Mbeya

Banjul

Praia

Mbabane

Moroni

Victoria

Malabo

Timbuktu

Bata

Sao Tome

San Pedro

LakeTanganyika

Lake RukwaLakeMweru

Lake Malawi

LakeKariba

MakgadikgadiPan

EtoshaPan

I N D I A N

O C E A N

M E D I T E R R A N E A NS E A

Cape Palmas

Cape Fria

Cape of Good Hope

Cape Ambre

Aldabra Atoll

Mafia

Pemba

Sicily

Malta Crete CYPRUS

Principe

Sao Tome

Europa Reunion(France)

Canary Islands(Spain)

Madeira Islands(Portugal)

Socotra

Ascension (U.K.)

St Helena (U.K.)

Mayotte(France)

TUNISIA

ISRAEL

JORDANKUWAIT

SENEGAL

SIERRA LEONE

LIBERIA

GHANA

CAMEROON

GAMBIA

UGANDA

RWANDA

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

MALAWI

ZIMBABWE

BURUNDI

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

COMOROS

SAO TOMEAND PRINCIPE

BENINTOGO

QATAR

LEBANON

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

A L G E R I A

M A L I

S P A I N T U R K E Y

L I B Y A

E G Y P T

N I G E R

C H A D

S U D A N

K E N Y A

Y E ME N

I R A N

T A N Z A N I A

N I G E R I A

G A B O N

N A M I B I A

S O U T H A F R I C A

M A U R I T A N I A

E T H I O P I A

S A U D I

A R A B I A

A N G O L A

I R A Q

G R E E C EI T A L YPORTUGAL

U.A.E.

BAHRAINWesternSahara

C A P EV E R D E

AFGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

SEYCHELLES

MAURITIUS

GUINEA BISSAU

M O R OC

CO

SO

MA

LI

A

D E M O C R A T I C

R E P U B L I C

O F C O N G O

MA

DA

GA

SC

A

R

MO

ZA

MB

IQ

UE

B O T S W A N A

Z A M B I

A

I V O R Y

C O A S T

G U I N E A BURKINA FASO

OM

AN

S Y R I A

0 500 1000 1500 km

Azimuthal Equal Area Projection

1 : 32 000 000 — 1 centimetre on the map represents 320 kilometres on the ground.

20°E 30°EE F

Tropic of Capricorn

Equator

Tropic of Cancer

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

CO

NG

O

River

Orange

N

LakeVictoria

LakeTurkana

River

Cong

o

RiverZambezi

Moz

ambi

que

Chann

el

Lake Nasser

Nile

River

Lake Chad

Strait of Gibraltar

Niger

River

Lake Volta

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E30°W A B C D E F G H I J164

30°N

20°N

10°N

0°

10°S

20°S

7

8

2

3

4

5

6

140

60°E50°E40°E10°E0°20°W 10°W G H I JDA B C

30°N

20°N

20°S

10°S

0°

10°N

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

181

Population

Agriculture

Minerals

KEY

5_61_04076_Atlas6e_180-81 181 28/6/07 10:42:45 AM