Age of Industry

• Four “I”s– Ideas– Industry – Imperialism– Independence

Part I:Ideas and Independence

Bellwork

• Are people naturally good or evil?• What are rights? Do human

beings have natural rights?• What are the pros and cons of

monarchy?• What are the pros and cons of

democracy?

How to Make the Perfect Government

• What are the pros and cons of monarchy?

Louis XIV

DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, France

IDEAL FORM OF GOV.: Absolute Monarchy, “I am the state”

REASONING: Divine Right

CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? They are to obey.

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• Absolute Monarchy• The belief that the king gets his

power from God and answers only to God

Thomas Hobbes

DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, England

IDEAL FORM OF GOV.:Monarchy REASONING:governments are

created to protect people from their own evil ways

State of Nature: bad CAN THE PEOPLE BE

TRUSTED? NO way!!! “ . . . Perpetual and restless desire [for] power . . . That ceases only in death.”

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Social Contract

• People give up rights to be protected by the monarch/King or Queen

• An agreement between ruler and subject

John Locke

DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, England

English philosophe

State of nature: good

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• Social Contract• Gov is an agreement

between people and ruler– Gov protect citizen’s

RIGHTS– People obey law– If gov does NOT protect

citizen’s rights, it can be overthrown!!!

• Locke believed that people have natural, God given rights:– Life– Liberty – property

Rousseau DATE AND PLACE:1700s, France IDEAL FORM OF GOV.: Direct

Democracy State of nature: good REASONING:people should rule

themselves, and vote for every law. Any law not ratified by the people is “no law at all”

Against divine right- thought the power of the government comes from the people!

CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? Yes.

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Voltaire

• French philosophe• Believed in freedom

of speech and religion

• Was against the slave trade

• Many of his books were outlawed and burned

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Consequences

• American Revolution• French Revolution• Latin American Revolutions

America:The Great Experiment

The Colonies Get Mad

• What events angered the colonists?

• Stamp Act• Sugar Act• Boston Massacre

Declaration of Independence

• “. . . They are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

• What Enlightenment thinker did Jefferson borrow this from?

Thomas Jefferson wrote the “Declaration of

Independence” and it was passed July 4, 1776.

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-This lead to the Revolutionary War.

-Ideas have CONSEQUENCES!!!

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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

I. The Old Regime

• Privileged Estates-– First Estate- CLERGY

• Owned 10% of land• Gave 2% to Gov.

– Second Estate- Rich Nobles• About 2% of population• Owned 20% of land• Payed almost no taxes

• The Third Estate- Everyone else• Resented the upper estates

Disaster Looms

• Causes:• Enlightenment Ideas

– Words like equality, liberty, democracy were being used in the third estates

– American Revolution inspired many• Economic Woes

– Heavy taxes weakened trade– 1780s Famine doubled price of bread– King Louis XVI extravagant spending– Borrowed money to help Americans

• Weak Leader– Louis XVI more interested in hunting than governing– Queen Marie Antoinette spent lavishly– Faced bankruptcy– Tried to tax the Second Estate- Uh-oh . . . They called for a meeting of

the ESTATES GENERAL with representatives from each of the three estates to solve the problem

• Storming the Bastille– Louis no longer trusted his soldiers. Called for Swiss

mercenaries.– French citizens panicked– The Bastille was a Paris prison.– July 14, 1789- French citizens invaded and took

control of the Bastiile- this became a symbol of the revolution

• Declaration of the Rights of Man– Like our Bill of Rights- Drafted by the

National Assembly – inspired by Enlightenment ideas and

Declaration of Independence. – Equal justice, freedom of speech, freedom

of religion

• Maximilien Robespierre– Wipe out every trace of monarchy and nobility-

decks of cards were even changed– Changed calendar- more “scientific”– Anti- Christian- No Sundays on the new calendar-

they thought religion was dangerous• Reign of Terror

– To “protect” the revolution– Got ridiculous- former revolutionary leaders killed,

kid who chopped down a “liberty” tree was killed– Up to 40,000 killed during this period

• July 1794- National Convention had Robespierre guillotined. “Down with the tyrant!”

CONSEQUENCES OF A FAILED REVOLUTION

WHEN YOU COME IN:

1. Get a book

2. Take 5 minutes to look over pages 128-135.

3. As a group, make a list of three key points you learn about Napoleon JUST BY SCANNING through the chapter.

• The French Revolution taught many countries that . . .

• Democracy and Freedom are dangerous. They lead to chaos!!!

Congress of Vienna

• 1814-1815• Attempt to restore stability• Protect monarchy• Holy Alliance: Russia, Austria,

Prussia- Stamp out revolutions• Balance of power

Other Revolutions

• 1848 Revolutions– Attempt to bring democratic freedoms– Began in France– Spread to everywhere but Britain (fairly

democratic already) and Russia (harsh and stomped out rebels)

– Basically failed- Prussia and Austria-constitutions

• Haiti- Chapter 25• Latin America- Chapter 25