Georgia Institute of Technology

Air Quality Impacts from Airport Related Emissions:Atlanta Case Study

M. Talat OdmanGeorgia Institute of Technology

School of Civil & Environmental Engineering Atlanta, GA

Georgia Institute of Technology

History

• NASA (Glenn) funded UMR’s COE for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research

• In 2003, we got funded to complement NASA’s Aviation Particle Emissions research

• We studied the air quality impact of Atlanta International Airport

• In 2005, we published our results in Atmospheric Environment (39: 5787–5798)– “Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality:

Application to the Atlanta International Airport” by A. Unal, Y. Hu, M. E. Chang, M. T. Odman, A. G. Russell

• Since then, there have been several studies to characterize commercial aircraft emissions, particularly PM– APEX campaign series– Delta Atlanta Hartsfield study

Georgia Institute of Technology

ObjectivesObjectives

• Improve emissions estimation and processing for aircrafts– PM2.5 estimation

– Temporal and spatial distribution

• Determine the impact of aircraft emissions on regional air quality for PM2.5 and O3

– Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport

– Annual LTO > 420,000

Georgia Institute of Technology

Hartsfield-Jackson AirportHartsfield-Jackson Airport

Grid domains (12-km and 4-km)

Georgia Institute of Technology

Emissions InventoryEmissions Inventory

• Fall Line Air Quality Study (August 11-20, 2000)

– Meteorological data

– Emissions data (EDMS 4.01)

• First Order Approximation (FOA) for PM2.5

Developed by FAA (Wayson and Fleming, 2003)

FFSNEI 8.16.0

Georgia Institute of Technology

Emissions InventoryEmissions Inventory

• PM2.5 Estimation (Characteristic Value)

– International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) database

• SN and FF for different aircraft and engine types

– Used characteristic value SN

– 70 tons/year PM2.5

Georgia Institute of Technology

Emissions InventoryEmissions Inventory

• PM2.5 Estimation (Mode Specific)

– Used mode specific values

• SN available mostly for takeoff

– Established statistical relation b/w takeoff and other modes (climb-out, approach, idle)

– 27 tons/year PM2.5

0.86Climb-Out Take-OffSmoke Number Smoke Number

Georgia Institute of Technology

Emissions InventoryEmissions Inventory

Pollutant

AircraftCharacteristic Value

(Tons/year)

AircraftMode Specific

(Tons/year)

GSE(Tons/year)

CO 5204 5204 584

NOX 4910 4910 343

SO2 473 473 46

VOC 1013 1013 43

PM10 101 62 30

PM2.5 70 27 27

Georgia Institute of Technology

Emissions ProcessingEmissions Processing

AnnualPM Emissions

AnnualGas Emissions

Temporal Distribution

SpatialDistribution

Speciation

Air Quality Model Ready Emissions

Georgia Institute of Technology

Emissions ProcessingEmissions Processing

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00

Time (hr)

Fra

ctio

n

SMOKE

Hartsfield

Composition of PM2.5 emissions (%)

EC OC SO4 NO3

65.87 29.21 4.60 0.32

Georgia Institute of Technology

Aircraft Impact: OzoneAircraft Impact: Ozone

Characteristic Value Mode Specific

Maximum sensitivity of regional concentrations to aircraft emissions

Georgia Institute of Technology

Aircraft Impact: PMAircraft Impact: PM2.52.5

Characteristic Value Mode Specific

Maximum sensitivity of regional concentrations to aircraft emissions

Georgia Institute of Technology

GSE ImpactGSE Impact

Ozone PM2.5

Maximum sensitivity of regional concentrations to GSE emissions

Georgia Institute of Technology

SummarySummary

• Detailed assessment of PM2.5 emissions with improved emissions

processing

• Maximum impact on ozone:

– 56 ppb (Characteristic Value)

– 20 ppb (Mode Specific)

• Maximum impact on PM2.5:

– 25 μg/m3 (Characteristic Value)

– 4.4 μg/m3 (Mode Specific)

Georgia Institute of Technology

SummarySummary

• Results are for the modeled episode (August 11-20, 2000): Impacts at

other times may be more or less

• Distribution of emissions spatially (compared to dumping in the

airport grid cell(s) at the ground level) impacts ozone and PM2.5

significantly

• GSE impact on ozone and PM2.5:

– Lower

– More local

Georgia Institute of Technology

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

• Dr. Tom Nissalke, Director of Environment & Technology, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

• Mr. Doug Strachan of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

• Dr. Steven Baughcum of Boeing Company

• Mr. Curtis Holsclaw, Manager of Emissions Division, Federal Aviation Administration,

• Ms. Debbie Calevich-Wilson of Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.

• Ms. Julie Draper of the Office of Environment and Energy, Federal Aviation Administration

• Dr. Chowen Wey of NASA Glenn

• NASA Glenn for financial support.

Georgia Institute of Technology

Georgia Institute of Technology

Aircraft Impact – Mode SpecificAircraft Impact – Mode Specific

O3 PM2.5

Average sensitivity of regional concentrations to aircraft emissions

Georgia Institute of Technology

Aircraft Impact – Mode SpecificAircraft Impact – Mode Specific

O3 PM2.5

Maximum Sensitivity of regional concentrations to spatial distribution of aircraft emissions

Difference Plot of Default – 3D Spatial Distributed Emissions

Georgia Institute of Technology

Aircraft Impact – Mode SpecificAircraft Impact – Mode Specific

Average Sensitivity of regional concentrations to spatial distribution of aircraft emissions

O3 PM2.5

Difference Plot of Default – 3D Spatial Distributed Emissions