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Anti-Seismic Measures onWater Suppy

Introduction and Overview

Akira NITTA

Water Supply DivisionMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Government of Japan


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Significantearthquakes

in the

vicinity ofJapan

From Jan. 1996

to Jul. 2006

Source:http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/higai/higai1996-new.html

magnitude

Depth(km)


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Recent Major Earthquakes in Japan

Kobe Earthquake- January 17,1995 Epicenter: beneath Kobe City Richter magnitude scale: 7.3 Fatalities : more than 6,000 Disruption of water supply : about 1.3

million households just after the disaster,the amount of damage reached about 56

billion JPY (460 million US$) Emergency restoration of water supplyfacilities : took about 3 months


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Kobe Earthquake- Jan 17,1995 -

Damage to Water Pipes

Damage to Buildings inKobe City


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Fires happened frequently, and a lot of houses were burnt down.


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The sixth floor of the city office was crushed.


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Recent Major Earthquakes in Japan

The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake- October 23, 2004 Epicenter: mountainous region Richter magnitude scale: 6.9 Fatalities : 40 Injuries : about 4,500 Disruption of water supply : about 130thousand households Emergency restoration of water supply

facilities : took from 1 to 2 months


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Damage to Small-scale Water

Supply Facility due to Landslide

The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake- Oct 23, 2004


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The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake- Oct 23, 2004

Damage to water pipes under the ground


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The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake- Oct 23, 2004 -

Emergency Water Supply by Water Wagon


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Damage to water treatment plants anddistribution reservoirsLarge plants and reservoirs were slightlydamagedSmall plants and reservoirs in the mountainarea were seriously damaged by breakdown ofsurrounding ground. These were moved orsagged and their functions were crashed.Private electric generator for emergency didntstart up immediately because of groundwaterinflux and damage to the peripheral pumps andequipments such as coolant water pumps.Antiseismic reinforced facilities were taken nodamage.

Damage to water facilities at the MidNiigata prefecture earthquake


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Damage to pipe linesThe ratio of damage to pipe lines was less thanthe Kobe earthquake.

The most damage hit the soft grounds,developed lands banking area and slopes, whichis the same tendency of the Kobe earthquake.

The pipe lines in the mountain area were flownout with the slope and road failures.

It was ascertained that antiearthquakemeasures to pipe lines and renewal of decrepitpipe lines based on the knowledge obtained byKobe earthquake were effective.

Damage to water facilities at the MidNiigata prefecture earthquake


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Measures at the hardware side Antiseismic reinforcement of water supply facilities

Create earthquake-resistance standards of facilities

Development of promotion program to enhanceearthquake safety to facilities

Promotion of improvement to supply main medical

centers with quake proof water distributing pipes Urgent renewal of aging and weak pipelines

Securing of reservoir capacity at distributing reservoir securing capacity for 12 hours

Installation of emergency cutoff valves

Looping of pipe lines

Multiplication of water resources

Development of emergency water supply bases


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Seismic damage dependson ground condition and

peripheral land form

Effective precaution for water supply-Buildings-

It is important to select location of facilitiesand foundation structure cautiously.

Dont select high groundwater level area,steep slope and mounded lands.


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Effective precaution for water supply-Pipe lines-

Use earthquake-resistant pipesCoated steel pipes

Ductile cast-iron pipes with earthquake-resistant joints

Polyethylene pipes with electric fusion joint

Construct bypass and looped pipelinesCost-effectiveness analysis is necessary


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Rate of earthquake-resistantwaterworks facilities and pipelines

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Rateofearthquake-resistant(%)

Water treatmentplants

Distributionreservoirs

Main pipelines


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Emergency cut-off valves


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Emergency water supply bases


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Emergency water supply bases in Tokyo

sourcehttp://www.waterworks.metro.tokyo.jp/pp/suido/kyusui_point.htm


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Measures at the software side Development of emergency water supply planning

- Securing of other water supply method and waterresource and emergency water delivery route forresidents

Cooperation agreement between waterworks- Emergency supply and rehabilitation assistance tothe waterworks affected by earthquake from otherunaffected waterworks

Cooperation with relevant institutions such assewerage- Communicate information about influx to waterresources from raw sewage and industrialwastewater- Coordination of restoration of water supply andsewage line


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Rescue operation

Fast restoration

Informationgathering

Emergencyrepair

Securemanpower andaccept support

from other

Enhancement ofemergencywater supply

water supplyby transport

water supplyat base points


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Waterworks Vision (2004)

Waterworks VisionMeasures to Improve the Quality of the Future Water Supply Service (November 1990)

Long-Term Objectives for Development of the Water Supply Service for the 21st

Century (Clean Water Supply Service) (June 1991)

Setting common goals among parties involved in the service

Defining future policy issues

Clarifying specific measures and actions to be taken

Ideal Water Supply Service and Water Administration in the 21st Century

(Panel on Basic Issues Concerning Waterworks, July 1999)

Partial Amendment to the Waterworks Law in 2001Changing environment surrounding

the water supply in JapanGrowing concerns over issues

related to waterworks

Analysis and evaluation of the current andfuture prospects of the service

Ideal water supply service in the future


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1) SafetySupply people with safe andgood-tasting tap water

2) StabilityA stable supply of water fordomestic use anytime,anywhere

3) Sustainability

Strengthening the basis ofthe water supply systemtaking local characteristicsinto account

Preserving and developingpractices and skillsaccumulated in the watersupply service

Improving the water supply

service based on customerneeds

4) EnvironmentContribute to environmentalconservation

5) GlobalizationContribute to the world bytransferring our experiencesto other countries

(1) Strengthening thebasis of the watersupply system

(2) Ensuring a safe andconvenient water

supply

(3) Improving disasterprevention

(4) Improvingenvironmental andenergy measures

(5) Internationalcontributions in thewater supply servicethrough internationalcooperation

Promotion ofmeasuresWater supply

system that strivesto be a leading

player in the world

Setting higher goals andmaking steady progress

Service that customersare always satisfied with

and are willing tosupport

Providing a world-class service invarious contexts

< Stability >< Sustainability >< Environment >< Globalization >

Ideal water supplyservice Policy objectives


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Thank you very much

foryour kind attention!

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