1

Scientific Sketch and List of Publications of Dr Abhas Mitra

He was born on June 18, 1955. His career has repeatedly been disturbed by political turmoils

in various parts of India. He passed M.Sc. (Physics), Ist Class from Univ. of Calcutta (Kolkata)

in 1979 though, officially, the academic session was 1977! Then he ranked 3rd amongst the Physics

trainees of 23rd Batch of Training School of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai –

this was equivalent to a M. Phil. degree. Due to political turmoil in Kasmir, he could not submit

this Ph.D.(Physics) thesis in 1990. Later he got Ph.D. degree from Univ. of Mumbai in 1994.

I. JOB

He has been working as a scientist in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre since 1980. Initially he

was posted in Nuclear Research Laboratory (NRL), Srinagar, Kashmir. This lab was primarily

meant for Expt. Cosmic Ray/Gamma Ray Astronomy research and he too was told to be engaged

only in this activity. But to satisfy his innate creative instincts, he started research in Classical

Mechanics and Theoretical Astrophysics entirely on his own and in the isolation of Kashmir valley

(no email/internet/rail link). He had to brave many odds from various quarters in establishing

Theoretical Astrophysics as a discipline of research in BARC, one of the largest and premier R&D

organizations of Govt. of India. He is the first scientist from BARC to have published papers in

Astrophysical J., Monthly Notices Royal Astronomical Soc., Astronomy & Astrophys., Astronomy

& Astrophysics. Lett., General Relativity & Gravitation. Because of the violent political movement

in Kashmir, his lab remained practically closed almost for a year and he managed to shift to BARC,

Mumbai, in 1990. However, he continued his research in astrophysics in one corner of a Laser Lab

in complete isolation by rejecting the offer for comfortable placement in one of his home town

(Kolkata) labs. In 1993, NRL got reorganized in BARC, Mumbai.

In 1997, he had to shift to so-called “Theoretical Physics Division” of BARC. But since he was

told that he could not pursue astrophysical research there, he had to return to NRL in 2001. In

2007, NRL got renamed as “Astrophysical Sciences Division” (APSD). And he has been heading

the Theoretical Astrophysics Section of NRL/APSD since 2004.

II. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

Initiated and established research in “Theoretical Astrophysics” in BARC and following which

several younger BARC physicists got motivated to do research in Theoretical Astrophysics. Once

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he became the head of Theoretical Astrophysics Section, he discouraged his younger colleagues

from inserting the name of the “boss” as a “coauthor”.

Has acted as a referee for many journals like Astrophysical J., Astrophysical J. Lett., Gen., Rel.

Grav., Mod. Phys. Lett., Found. Phys. Lett., Pramana, Current Science and Hadronic Journal.

He happens to be on the Editorial Board of “Open J. in Astronomy” published by Bentham Press.

Also a registered Ph.D. guide in Physics for Mumbai University.

III. RESEARCH INTERESTS

He has successfully carried out research in a very wide area such as Classical Mechanics, Exper-

imental Gamma Ray Astronomy, Cosmic Ray Acceletation, High Energy Gamma Ray Production

Mechanism, Evolution of X-ray Binaries and Millisecond Pulsars, Radiative Gravitational Collapse

and Cosmology.

He has coined two basic terms in astrophysics: (i) Eternally Collapsing Object (ECO) and (ii)

Einstein -Eddington Time Scale of contraction of self-gravitating objects.

IV. AWARDS

Got “Best Young Physicist Prize” from Indian Physical Society in 1989. In 2004, he qualified

as a (Senior) NRC Research Associate to work at the High Energy Astrophysics Lab, Goddard

Space Flight Centre of NASA.

In 1992, Prof. Sir Martin Rees (Cambridge Univ.) agreed to accept him as a Post Doctoral

Fellow under European Commission - Dept. Sci. Tech. (India) Post Doc. Fellowship scheme. But

this did not materialize as his formal Ph.D. degree got delayed because of political problems in

Kashmir.

V. MEMBERSHIPS OF PROFESSIONAL BODIES

Life Member of International Astronomical Union (only IAU member from BARC); Life Member

of Astronomical Soc., Indian Physics Association, Nuclear Soc. of India. Former Full Member of

American Astronomical Soc.

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VI. VISITS/LECTURES

He has delivered Invited Talks/ Oral Presentations/ Seminars about his own research in USA,

UK, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Hong Kong University (3 seminars) and India. In 2002, he

delivered a public lecture in Mumbai at the invitation of Khagol Mandal, India’s largest Amateur

Astronomy Club. Has delivered Wednesday Colloquium in Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

VII. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• Fisrt astrophysicist to highlight that the photomeson process could be a dominant mode of

Ultra/Very High Energy Gamma Rays in Ultra Compact X-ray binaries (A& A Lett., 1990).

• After Prof. R. Cowsik, he is the 2nd Indian astrophysicist to work on cosmic ray acceleration

mechanism such as “Diffusive Shock Acceleration” (Astrophys. J. 1989).

• Even when there were innumerable reports on detection Ultra High Energy γ-rays from the

X-ray binary, Cygnus X-3; predicted that such reports could be fictitious and this was proved

to be indeed so (Astrophys. J. 1991).

• Has worked on various aspects of the enigmatic X-ray binary Cygnus X-3. The relevant

papers have been cited by more than 50 authors. His work on Cygnus X-3 got discussed/cited

in Sky & Telescope Magazine and in News & Views of Nature.

• First India based astrophysicist to work on various aspects of modern paradigm of cosmic

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) like formation and propagation of fireball. Emphasized that

powerful long duration GRBs must be originating from gravitational collapse to a level much

deeper than the Neutron Star level.

His GRB papers have been cited by Martin Rees, (Astronomer Royal, UK), T. Piran, F

Halzen, D Hooper, HT Janka, M Ruffert, M Naumann-Godo, Y.F. Huang, T. Lu, K.S.

Cheng, X.F. Wu,X.F.; Z.G. Dai,H.T. Ma, Vinod Krishan., M.F. Mitchelle; H.J. Rood, M.V.

Smolsky,& V.V. Usov.

• In a recent paper published in J. Math. Phys., he has shown that the integration constant

appearing in the vacuum Schwarzschild/Hilbert solution is actually zero; α0 = 0. This means

that exact BHs have zero gravitational mass M0 = 0. This is in perfect accordance with the

fact for the BH vacuum solution Ricci Scalar R = 0, because a finite BH mass would lead to

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a Dirac δ-singularity in R at the centre. Note the Schwarzschild/Hilber BH solution arises

from the spacetime due to a massenpunkt or “point mass”. And it has been independently

shown by Arnowitt, Deser & Misner (ADM) that the “dressed” mass of a neutral point

particle is zero.

Since the BH paradigm is based on the assumption that α0 > 0, it is incorrect, and the BH

Candidates cannot be true BHs. This however does not prevent in having finite mass objects

whose interior is not vacuum.

See Nature India’s Science News on this paper:

http://www.nature.com/nindia/2009/090511/full/nindia.2009.130.html

• He showed that trapped surfaces do not form in spherical gravitational collapse: 2GM/Rc2 ≤

1. This would mean that for continued gravitational collapse upto R → 0, one must have

M → 0 in accordance with the result that α0 = 0.

This proof used the relationship drdt = | ∂R/∂t

∂R/∂r | where R = R(r, t) is the circumference co-

ordinate and r, t are comoving coordinates. Since he implicitly considered a R = constant

(non-comoving) observer for analyzing the fluid motion, the foregoing relationship is indeed

valid. Accordingly, Mitra’s proof about non-occurence of trapped surfaces is also correct.

However Mitra’s initial papers did not mention that he was considering a R = constant

observer; and accordingly his proof appeared to be erroneous to some readers.

• It was he who first gave the idea that continued gravitational collapse to a point singularity

will never happen, and mathematically, the collapse would be “eternal”; accordingly he first

conceived that the final stage of sufficiently massive collapsed objects would be an “Eternally

Collapsing Object” (ECO) rather than a BH. He alongwith Norman Glendenning, Stanley

Robertson and Darryl Leiter suggested that ECO is a hot ball of plasma whose radiation

pressure counterbalances the pull of gravity in a quasistatic manner. As the ECO keeps on

losing mass-energy, it approaches the true BH state marked by M = 0. Thus ECO concept

is in agreement with vacuum Schwarzschild/Hilbert solution because α0 = 0.

He also first suggested that stellar mass ECOs should have intrinsic magnetic field much

larger than typical neutron star values. Later Darryl Leiter, Stanley Robertson and he

coined the name “Magnetospheric ECOs” or MECOs. Leiter & Robertson constructed a

specific model of MECOs and showed that some BH candidates in X-ray binaries may be

MECOs rather than BHs. Further, by analyzing detail microlensing data, Rudy Schild,

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Darryl Leiter and Stanley Robertson showed that the central engine in some quasars are

likely to be MECOs rather than BHs: The pertinent press release by Harvard University

may be found at:

http://www.cv.nrao.edu/tuna/past/2006/NEW QSO STRUCTURE FOUND.pdf

And this was also featured as a Breaking News article in New Scientist:

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9620-mysterious-quasar-casts-doubt-on-black-

holes.html

• In Newtonian gravitation, one important ingredient is “virial theorem” Eg + 3∫

PdV = 0.

Several authors have (unsuccesssfully) tried to find the GR version of this more than 100 yr

old equation. In 2006, Mitra successfully obtained the GR version of this theorem (Phys.

Rev. D).

In addition, he showed that, for a static self-gravitating sphere, the Active Gravitation Mass

Density (AGMD) is ρ− 3p/c2 rather than what is usually mentioned, i.e., ρ + 3p/c2 (Phys.

Lett. B).

• He is the first relativist to find the so-called “Tolman Mass” (Einstein Energy) of the universe

in the Big-Bang model. And it confirms the apprehension that energy of the universe is

not conserved in the Big-Bang model. And energy would be conserved only if the Active

Gravitational Mass Density would be zero which in practice is possible only for vacuum. Of

course, in a static model, energy would be conserved (Gen. Rel. & Grav.).

• The paper entitled “ Possible identification of unidentified EGRET sources with Wolf-Rayet

stars” by R.K. Kaul & A. Mitra, in 4th Compton symposium. AIP Conference Proc., Volume

410, pp. 1271-1274 (1997) happens to be the only paper of Indian origin cited in the Science

Brochure of GLAST/FERMI of NASA:

http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/public/resources/pubs/gsd/GSDweb.pdf

• In 2006, the paper “Sources of stellar energy, Einstein Eddington timescale of gravitational

contraction and eternally collapsing objects by A. Mitra was selected as one of the highlight

astronomical papers of Max-Planck Soc. of Germany:

http://www.mpg.de/english/researchResults/researchPublications/researchReports/AST/200648.shtml

This paper defined the concept of “Einstein-Eddington” time scale.

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VIII. ALTERNATIVE IDEAS ABOUT “BLACK HOLES” FOLLOWING MITRA’S

WORK IN 1998

In 1998, he first tried to show that even though the idea of a BH is apriori mathematically

correct, exact BHs may not be realized. He argued that Hilbert (mistakenly known by the name

of Schwarzschild) BHs have a unique gravitational mass of M = 0 and the EH itself is the central

singularity Rg = 2M = 0. Much later, he proved this rigourously (J. Math. Phys. 2009). He also

argued that during continued gravitational contraction, the collapsing body must lose mass-energy

by radiation in such a manner that neither any “trapped surface” nor any “Event Horizon” would

ever be formed. Following this several authors put forward serious proposals for“Alternative to

BHs”; some authors invoked the specific idea of Mitra that “trapped surface” formation may be

avoided due to loss of mass energy. Unfortunately except for Darryl Leiter, Stanley Robertson,

Rudy Schild and few others, none of the authors proposing BH alternatives cited Mitra’s works. A

brief list of such proposals for “Alternative to BHS” after Mitra’s work in 1998:

1. In 2002, P. Mazur & E. Mottola of Los Alamos National Lab. Claimed that BHs are actually

”Gravastars”:

http://www.lanl.gov/news/releases/archive/02-035.shtml

2. In 2005, R. Goswami and P.S. Joshi of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research used the idea

that singularity may be avoided because of radiation:

“A resolution of spacetime singularity and black hole paradoxes through avoidance of trapped

surface formation in Einstein gravity” (arXiv:gr-qc/0504019)

They collaborated with other authors to invoke similar ideas elsewhere too:

“Quantum Evaporation of a Naked Singularity”

R. Goswami, P.S. Joshi and Parampreet Singh; Physical Review Letters, vol. 96, Issue 3,

031302 (2006); (arXiv:gr-qc/0506129)

3. In 2005, Samir Mathur of Ohio State University claimed in that black hole could actually

be “fuzz balls made of elementary string:

INFORMATION PARADOX SOLVED? IF SO, BLACK HOLES ARE FUZZBALLS

http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/fuzzball.htm

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4. In 2006, George Chaplin of Lawrence Livermore National Lab (Livermore) claimed that BHs

are actually “Dark Stars:

http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050328/full/news050328-8.html

5. In 2007, Tanmay Vachaspati, Dejan Stojkovic and Lawrence M. Krauss of Case Western

Univ. published paper in Phs.Rev. D. claiming BHS do not exist: http://blog.case.edu/case-

news/2007/06/20/blackholes

6. In 2008, R. Torres and F Fayos of Department of Applied Physics, UPC, Barcelona, Spain,

too considered the possibility that singularity may be avoided due to loss of mass energy by

radiation:

“ A class of interiors for Vaidya’s radiating metric: singularity-free gravitational collapse

Class. Q. Grav., Volume 25, Issue 17, pp. 175009 (2008)

7. In 2009, Carlos Barcel, Stefano Liberati, Sebastiano Sonego and Matt Visser have proposed

that Black Holes could actually be something else:

Scientific American (October 2009) Black Stars, Not Black Holes

8. In 2010, Christian Corda and Herman J Mosquera Cuesta, Herman proposed that black hole

singularity may be removed by nonlinear electodynamics:

“Removing black-hole singularities with nonlinear electrodynamics”, Mod. Phys. Lett. A

(in press, eprint arXiv:0905.3298)

Unlike previous authors, they duly cited Mitra’s relevant papers.

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Research Publications of Dr Abhas Mitra in Journals

1. “Likely formation of general relativistic radiation pressure supported stars or eternally col-

lapsing objects”’

A. Mitra and N.K. Glendenning, Mon. Not. Roy.Astron. Soc. Lett., 404, L50-L54 (2010);

(arXiv:1003.3518); Science News in Nature India in 2010.

2. “Does Pressure Increase or Decrease Active Gravitational Mass?

A. Mitra, Phys. Lett. B., 685(1), 8-11 (2010)

3. “Einstein energy associated with the Friedmann -Robertson -Walker metric”

A. Mitra, Gen. Rel. Gravitation, 42(3), 443-469 (2010); arXiv:0911.2340

4. Comments on “The Euclidean gravitational action as black hole entropy, singularities, and

space-time voids [J. Math. Phys. 49, 042501 (2008)”

A. Mitra, J. Math. Phys., 50(4) 042502 (2009); arXiv:0904.4754; Science News in Nature

India in 2009.

5. “Quantum Information Paradox: Real or Fictitious?”

A. Mitra, Pramana, 73(3), 615 (2009); arXiv:0911.3584

6. “Sources of Stellar Energy, Einstein -Eddington Timescale of Gravitational Contraction and

Eternally Collapsing Objects

A. Mitra, New Astronomy, 12(2), 146 (2006); astro-ph/0608178 (Highlight Publication of

Max Planck Soc. Germany, 2006)

7. “A Generic Relationship Between Baryonic and Radiative Energy Densities of Stars

A. Mitra, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. (Lett.), 367, L66 (2006); arXiv:gr-qc/0601025

8. “Radiation Pressure Supported Stars in Einstein Gravity : Eternally Collapsing Objects

A. Mitra, Mon Not. Roy. Asrt. Soc., 369, 492, (2006); arXiv:gr-qc/0603055

9. “Why Gravitational Collapse Must be Accompanied by Emission of Radiation Both in New-

tonian and Einstein Gravity?

A. Mitra, Physical Review D. 74(2), 024010 (2006); (arXiv:gr-qc/0605066)

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10. “Non- occurrence of Type I X-Ray Bursts From Black Hole Candidates

A.Mitra, Advance. Sp. Sc., 38, 2971 (2006); (arXiv:astro-ph/0510162)

11. “Quantum limit on computational time and speed” A.K. Pati, S.R. Jain, A. Mitra, & R.

Ramanna, Physics Letters A, 301, 125-129 (2002)

12. “On the nature of the compact condensations at the centre of galaxies

A. Mitra, Bull. Astron. Soc. India, Vol.30, p. 173-182 (2002); (arXiv:astro-ph/0205261)

13. “On the Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse

A. Mitra, Found. Phys. Lett., 15(5), 439 (2002); (arXiv:astro-ph/0207056)

14. “The ultra nova model of cosmic gamma ray bursts

A. Mitra, Indian J. Phys. (Rapid Comm.), 74B(3), 175 (2000)

15. “Comments on “Polarimetric constraints on the optical afterglow emission from GRB

990123” by Hjorth et al.

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 359, 413 (2000); (arXiv:astro-ph/0003399)

16. “Non-occurrence of trapped surfaces and Black Holes in spherical gravitational collapse: An

abridged version

A. Mitra, Found. Phys. Lett., 13(6), 543 (2000); (arXiv:astro-ph/9910408)

17. “On the true energy budget of GRB970508 and GRB971214

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 340, 447 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9807197)

18. Comment on “Bare Quark Matter Surfaces of Strange Stars and e+e- Emission”

A. Mitra, Physical Review Letters, Volume 81 (21), 4774 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9802331)

19. “No Massive Black Hole in Cygnus X-3

A. Mitra, Astrophysical Journal, 499, 385 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9802124)

20. “ The Expected Duration of Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Impulsive Hydrodynamic Models

A. Mitra, Astrophysical Journal, 492, 677 (1998); (arXiv:astro-ph/9710063)

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21. “Do fireballs in the interstellar medium necessarily imply blast wave propagation?

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics Lett. .313, L9-L12 (1996)

22. “The probable mass of the companion in Cygnus X-3

A. Mitra, Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc., 280(3), 953 (1996)

23. “Probable spectral steepening of UHE gamma-rays of nuclear origin and its consequences”

A. Mitra, Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, 15(2), 179 (1994)

24. “On the new theory of ultra-high-energy gamma-ray production in Cygnus X-3

A. Mitra, Astrophysical Journal, 425(2), 782 (1994)

25. “What drives the mass transfer in Cygnus X - 3?”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J., 390, 645 (1992)

26. “Is there a recycled old pulsar in Cygnus X-3?”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J. 384, 255 (1992)

27. “Near-critical spherical accretion onto magnetized neutron stars - Modified magnetospheric

radius”

A. Mitra, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 257(2), 807, (1992)

28. “Problems of ultra-high-energy particle acceleration in Cygnus X-3 - A critical reappraisal”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J., 370, 345-364 (1991)

29. “Diffusive shock acceleration in the presence of a strong ambient magnetic field”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J., 348, 221 (1990)

30. “The evolutionary history of PSR 0655 + 64 and PSR 1913 + 16”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. Sp. Sc., 174(1), 135, (1990)

31. “Towards a proper ultra-high-energy gamma-ray production mechanism in Cygnus X-3”

A. Mitra, Astron. & Astrophys. (Lett.), 234, L5 (1990)

32. “Implications for the detection of ultra-high-energy gamma rays from SCO X-1”

A. Mitra, Astron. & Astrophys. (Lett.), 219, L1 (1989)

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33. “A reevaluation of self-absorption of TeV photon flux from Cygnus X-3”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. J., 339, 382 (1989)

34. “A New Theory of Ultra High Energy Gamma Ray Production in Cygnus X-3”

A. Mitra, Physics Teachers, Oct-Dec., p.142-145 (1989), (Based on Presentation Made in

Young Physicist Colloquium; “Physics Teacher” is a Magazine and not a Journal)

35. “A novel method of solving for the orbit of a classical isotropic oscillator”

A. Mitra, Europ. J. Phys., 7(4), 229 (1986)

36. “Spectral differentiation of atmospheric fluorescent events from background Cerenkov emis-

sions”

C.L. Bhat, V.K. Sanecha, A.K. Mitra, M.L. Sapru, and H. Razdan, J. Phys.(G), 11(12),

1355 (1985)

37. “Role of integrals of motion in closing an orbit”

A. Mitra, Am. J. Phys., 53(12), 1175 (1985)

38. “On the possible equation of state of a giant molecular cloud”

A. Mitra, Astrophys. Sp. Sc., 107, 135 (1984)

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Recent Invited Articles (Talks/Books)

1. “Dark Energy?”

A. Mitra, Invited Talk in International Symposium on Experimental Gravitation January

5th - 9th 2009, Kochi , Organized by Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai,

India, see http://www.tifr.res.in/ iseg/proceedings.html

2. “A New Case for an Eternally Old Infinite Universe” A. Mitra, Invited Talk in, Proc. In-

ternational Conference ”Problems of Practical Cosmology”, held at Russian Geographical

Society, 23-27 June, 2008, in St. Petersburg, Ed. Yurij V. Baryshev, Igor N. Taganov, Pekka

Teerikorpi, Volume 1. TIN, St.-Petersburg, 2008, Vol.1, ISBN 978-5-902632, p.42-51

3. “Cosmological properties of eternally collapsing objects (ECOs)”

A,. Mitra, Invited Talk in Proceedings of the International Conference held at Russian

Geographical Society, 23-27 June, 2008 in St. Petersburg, Ed. Yurij V. Baryshev, Igor N.

Taganov, Pekka Teerikorpi, Volume 1. TIN, St.-Petersburg, 2008, Vol.2, ISBN 978-5-902632,

p.304-313

4. “Black Holes or Eternally Collapsing Objects: A Review of 90 Years of Misconceptions” A.

Mitra, in Focus on Black Hole Research , (Nova Science, New York, 2006); Invited Book

Chapter of 94 pages

He could not deliver 4 other Invited Talks in various International Conferences including one

IAU Plenary Talk because of Financial Constraints.

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Papers Published in Cornell Univ. Preprint Arxiv & International Conf.

Proceedings

1. “An astrophysical peek into Einsteins static universe A. Mitra, Cornell Univ. Preprint

Arxiv:0806.0706 (2008)

2. “Implications of the vanishing of the integration constant in vacuum Schwarzschild solution

A. Mitra, Proc. 11th Marcel Grossmann Conf. on General Relativity, pp. 2276 (World Sc.

2008)

3. “Black Holes or Eternally Collapsing Objects” A. Mitra and N.K. Glendenning, Proc. 11th

Marcel Grossmann Conf. on General Relativity, pp. 1523 (World Sc. 2008)

4. “Masses of radiation pressure supported stars in extreme relativistic realm”A. Mitra, Black

Holes from Stars to Galaxies – Across the Range of Masses. Ed. by V. Karas and G. Matt.

Proc. IAU Symposium 238, Cambridge University Press, pp.409 (2007)

5. “The status of high-altitude Himalayan Gamma Ray Observatory at Hanle” B.S. Acharya,

V.R. Chitnis, R. Cowsik, R. Koul, R.K. Kaul, A.K. Mitra, T.P. Prabhu, R.C. Rannot, R.

Srinivasan and P.R. Vishwanath, Proc. 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Vol. 3(OG part 2),

1361 (2007)

6. “A Secular Quark Gluon Plasma Phase Preceding Black Hole Formation A. Mitra and Nor-

mann K Glendenning, Lawrence Berkeley Lab Scholarly Depository Publication No.5620

(2006)

7. “Contribution of black hole x-ray binaries in galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission at energies

above 1 MeV” N. Bhatt., S. Bhattacharya and A. Mitra, Proc. 29th ICRC, OG 4, 31 (2005)

8. “The Himalayan Gamma Ray Observatory at Hanle R. Koul, R.K. Koul, A.K. Mitra & 8

more authors, Proc. 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference., Vol. 5, p.243 (2005)

9. “On the Probable Nature of the “Dark Particle Accelerators” Discovered by HESS A. Mitra,

Proc. 29th Int. Cos. Ray Conf. Vol. OG 4, 187 (2005)

10. “Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects: Likely New Class of Source of Cosmic Par-

ticle Acceleration” A. Mitra, Proc. 29th Int. Cos. Ray Conf. OG. Vol 3, 125 (2005)

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11. “Why the observed black hole candidates do not show spin pulsation A. Mitra, Poster Pre-

sented in COSPAR Colloq. on Spectra & Timing of Compact X-ray Binaries (TIFR) (2005)

12. “The day of reckoning: The value of the integration constant in the vacuum Schwarzschild

solution” A. Mitra, Cornell Univ. Preprint Arxiv (2005) (physics/0504076)

13. “Comments on the proposal of Dark Energy Stars by Chapline A. Mitra, Cornell Univ.

Electronic Preprint Arxiv (2005) (astro-ph/0504384)

14. “Why the astrophysical Black Hole Candidates are not rotating black holes A. Mitra Cornell

Univ. Electronic Preprint Arxiv (2004) (astro-ph/0407501)

15. “Why the astrophysical Black Hole Candidates may not be black holes at all” A. Mitra,

Cornell Univ. Electronic Preprint Arxiv (2004) (astro-ph/0409049)

16. “A new proof for non-occurrence of trapped surfaces and information paradox” A. Mitra,

Cornell Univ. Electronic Preprint Arxiv (2004) (astro-ph/0408323)

17. “General Relativistic Collapse of Neutron Stars to Strange Stars: A Mechanism for Gamma

Ray Bursts **A. Mitra, (MNRAS suggested revision, but not followed up; arXiv:astro-

ph/0010311) But cited by F. Halzen & D. Hooper in Reports on Progress in Physics, Volume

65(7), 1025-1078 (2002) and also by Janka,H.-Th.; Ruffert,M.

18. “Cosmic Acceleration: A Natural Remedy For Horizon and Flatness Problems A. Mitra,

Proc. IAU Symp. No. 201 (Manchester, 2000); eprint arXiv:physics/0007066

19. Kruskal Dynamics For Radial Geodesics I. A. Mitra; eprint arXiv:gr-qc/9909062

20. “Why General Theory of Relativity Allows the Existence of Only Extremal Black Holes A.

Mitra, eprint arXiv:hep-th/9905182

21. Final Comments on “Another view on the velocity at the Schwarzschild horizon” by Tereno

A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9905329

22. Comment on “Velocity at the Schwarzschild Horizon Revisited” by I. Tereno A. Mitra, eprint

arXiv:astro-ph/9905175

23. The Mass of the Oppenheimer-Snyder Black Hole A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9904163

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24. On the Nature of the Compact Objects in the Core of Galaxies and AGNs A. Mitra, 19th

Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, held in Paris, France, Dec.

14-18, 1998. Eds.: J. Paul, T. Montmerle, and E. Aubourg (CEA Saclay), meeting abstract

25. Is General Theory of Relativity Actually Free of Singularities A. Mitra, Abstracts of the

19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, held in Paris, France,

Dec. 14-18, 1998. Eds.: J. Paul, T. Montmerle, and E. Aubourg (CEA Saclay)

26. A Model for Most Luminous and Long Duration Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts A. Mitra, eprint

arXiv:astro-ph/9812066

27. Maximum Accretion Efficiency in General Theory of Relativity * A. Mitra, eprint

arXiv:astro-ph/9811402 4 Citations *

28. Non-occurrence of Trapped Surfaces and Black Holes in Spherical Gravitational Collapse A.

Mitra, eprint arXiv:gr-qc/9810038,

29. Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse and Likely Source of Gamma Ray Bursts

A. Mitra, eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9803014; cited by F. Halzen & D. Hooper in Reports on

Progress in Physics, Volume 65(7), 1025-1078 (2002)

30. Towards the Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse and Likely Source of Gamma

Ray Bursts A. Mitra; eprint arXiv:astro-ph/9803013; cited by Pen,Ue-Li; Loeb,Abraham;

*Turok,Neil in Astrophysical Journal, 509(2),. 537 (1998)*

31. Constraining the Magnetic Field in Gamma Ray Burst Blast Waves A. Mitra; eprint

arXiv:astro-ph/9802125

32. Is there any evidence for a massive black hole in Cygnus X-3 A. Mitra; The fourth Compton

symposium. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 410, pp. 818-821 (1997).

33. Possible identification of unidentified EGRET sources with Wolf-Rayet stars R.K. Koul &

A. Mitra, The fourth Compton symposium. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 410, pp.

1271-1274 (1997).

Cited by Romero,G.E.; Benaglia,P.; Torres,D.F., Combi,J.A.; Mukherjee,R.; Gotthelf,E.V.;

Halpern,J.; Tavani,M., P.; Eracleous,M.; Bhattacharya,D.; Akyz,A.; Miyagi,T.; Samimi,J.;

Zych,A. Gotthelf,E.V., Reimer,A.; Pohl, and M.; Reimer,O.

16

Also this is the only paper written on Indian soil cited by space borne NASA Gamma

Telescope, GLAST (FERMI) Brochure,

http : //fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/public/resources/pubs/gsd/GSDweb.pdf

34. “Cosmological Limits on the Detection Range of the Tev Gamma-Ray Telescope Tactic

A.Mitra & C.L. Bhat, JRNL. ASTROPHYSICS & ASTRON. V. 16, NO. SUPPL, P. 148,

1995

35. “Capture of Galactic Cold Dark Matter by the Sun” A. Mitra, Proc. 29th Int. Cosmic Ray

Conf. (Roma), 1, 870 (1995)

36. “Need for examining spectral sensitivity of Cherenkov image parameters”

C.L. Bhat, A.K. Tickoo, A.K. Mitra & V.K. Gandhi, in Towards a Major Atmospheric

Cerenkov Detector, III, ed. Ti Kifune, pp. 207 (Academic Press, Tokyo, 1994)

37. “Radio Halos around X-Ray Binaries?”, A. Mitra, Proc. 23rd International Cosmic Ray

Conference, Vol. 2, held 19-30 July, 1993 at University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Edited

by D.A. Leahy, R.B. Hickws, and D. Venkatesan. Invited, Rapporteur, and Highlight Papers.

Singapore: World Scientific, 1993., p.370

38. “Probable Spectral Steepening of UHE Nuclear Gamma-Rays”, A. Mitra, 23rd International

Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol. 4, held 19-30 July, 1993 at University of Calgary, Alberta,

Canada. Edited by D.A. Leahy, R.B. Hickws, and D. Venkatesan. Invited, Rapporteur, and

Highlight Papers. Singapore: World Scientific, 1993., p.187

39. “Can Inverse Compton Process Generate the PeV Gamma Rays in Cygnus X-3?”, A. Mitra,

Proceedings of the 21st International Cosmic Ray Conference. Volume 2 (OG Sessions),

p.412 (1990)

40. “Diffusive Shock Acceleration”, A. Mitra, Invited Talk, Annual Meeting of Astronomical Soc

of India, Srinagar, 1989

41. “A model for possible long-term variation in Cygnus X-3 PeV source”

A. Mitra, C.L. Bhat & H.S. Rawat, Proc. 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol.

9, p. 133 - 136 (1988)

17

42. “Fluorescent Light from Cosmic Ray Air Showers” C.L. Bhat, V.K. Sanecha, A.K. Mitra,

M.L. Sapru, & H. Razdan, Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference, held in Ban-

galore, India, 22 August - 3 September, 1983. Volume 11, p.416

43. “ Fluorescent Light Pulses from Cosmic-Ray Air Showers” C.L. Bhat, V.K. Sanecha, A.K.

Mitra, M.L. Sapru, & H. Razdan, Proc. 18th International Cosmic Ray Conference, held in

Bangalore, India, 22 August - 3 September, 1983. Volume 6 (EA Sessions), p.244A

All the contributory papers presented at national level conferences have been omitted here.