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Kisar Duck, the Crossbreeding between Muscovy and
Alabio Duck, as Potential Meat Breeds Duck with the High
Selling Price. (Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan)
Abstract
One of the SPFS activity which has started in the beginning 2003
is duck intensification. From
the beginning of the year 2004, the farmer groups in Barito
Kuala started to do natural
crossbreeding between male alabio and female muscovite duck
which result in high quality
meet breed duck. In Barito Kuala they are well known as Kisar or
Tiktok ducks. With the
simple technology to crossbreed between Muscovy and Alabio duck,
the farmers in Barito
Kuala can get extra income by selling Kisar duck which is famous
with its superior meat.
Detailed Description of the Technology
Barito Kuala is SPFS project sites is located in South
Kalimantan which is categorized as a
swampy area. One of the SPFS activity which has started in the
beginning 2003 is duck
intensification. Through FGDP (Farmers Group Development Plan)
Duck intensification was
perceived as appropriate farming activities consider the
environment in the Barito Kuala
(Figure 1). These adaptable creatures thrive in hot, humid
climates. Moreover, they are well
adapted to rivers, lakes, ponds, marshes and other aquatic
areas.
Figure 1. Condition in Barito Kuala
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There are 900 Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhun-chos borneo) which
provided by SPFS (Figure
2). Alabio duck is a common duck breeds in Indonesia which
originally come from South
Kalimantan and categorized as egg laying duck. This kind of
ducks usually is set free in wet,
swampy, and boggy place. In Barito Kuala, breeding alabio duck
is quite simple because they
can look after themselves and find much of their food such as
small fish, snails and slugs.
Figure 2. Alabio Ducks in Barito Kuala.
Moreover, they also can be kept in the small barn. A small barn
(Figure 3) can be established
at low cost.
Figure 3. One of the Small duck Barn in Barito Kuala
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Alabio duck may lay 330 eggs in a year if they get good food.
They lay most their eggs during
the night or in the very early morning, not during the day.
Although alabio duck is classified as
egg laying duck, they do not hatch their own eggs. There are
special treatments in hatching
the alabios eggs. If using an incubator, the eggs must be turned
each day and sprinkled with
water to keep the eggs moist.
Besides alabio ducks there are also other duck species which
also common to bred in Barito
Kuala. The Muscovy ducks(Carlina Moschata) (Figure 4) is
distinctly different genetically from
common ducks. This breed is believed to have originated in South
America, although ancient
records of this or a similar breed have been found in Egypt.
Muscovies are suitable for use
almost anywhere that chicken can be kept. Their tropical
ancestry and inherent robustness
give them an advantage in hot and humid climates.
Figure 4. Muscovy Duck
From the beginning of the year 2004, the farmer groups in Barito
Kuala started to do natural
crossbreeding between male alabio and female muscovie which
result in high quality meet
breed duck. In Barito Kuala they are well known as Kisar or
Tiktok duck (Figure 5). There are
some superiorities of Kisar duck compare to the other duck.
1. The Kisar duck selling price is much higher than Alabio and
Muscovy duck. For the
selling price of male Kisar duck is around 25.000 IDR- 30.000
IDR and for the Female
Kisar is about 10.000 IDR 15.000 IDR. The female Kisar duck is
cheaper than the
male one because of its smaller size.
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2. The size of Kisar duck is bigger than Alabio and Muscovy
duck.
3. The Kisar duck is more diseases resistant.
4. The best meat quality.
Figure 5. Kisar/Tiktok Ducks
Generally, male alabio duck is unable/ afraid to mate with
female Muscovy. One of the ways
to make male alabio brave enough to mate naturally with the
female Muscovy, first, alabioeggs must be hatched by the female
Muscovy duck (Figure 6). When they have grown up,
they will mate easily with Muscovy duck.
Figure 6. Muscovy duck is hatching Alabio Eggs.
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Muscovy duck is known as best hatching duck. If given good soft
nests they will often go
broody easily. It takes 28 days for duck eggs to hatch. If the
Muscovy duck will not sit for this
length of time put the eggs under another sitting duck. Reducing
the amount of protein in the
food makes ducks stay broody.
If Muscovy duck starts to lay her own eggs, she may go broody
and sit on them. If this
happens, wait for the time that the duck leaves the nest and
goes to the water. Then her eggs
can be lifted and the other eggs put into her nest. A duck can
usually sit on 20 or even 30
eggs, but it must be a large duck and she must cover the eggs
properly when sitting on them.
Furthermore, the crossbreeding also can be done by artificial
insemination. To get the male
duck sperm, male duck is stimulated to produce sperm by keeping
and mating the male duck
and female duck in the same small barn. When the sperm is just
to come out, prepare a
storage tube and keep the sperm in the tube. There is about 2mm
3mm sperm can be
produced by one male alabio duck and it can be used to
impregnate about 40 female ducks.
This artificial insemination is not yet applied in Barito Kuala
to breed the Kisar duck because
higher skill is required.
Impact of the Technology
Through SPFS activities, Barito Kuala now has successfully
enabled to do duck breeding. In
the beginning, farmers in Barito Kuala only breed Alabio duck
for its high quality eggs.
Nowadays, with the simple technology of the natural
crossbreeding between Muscovy and
Alabio duck, the farmers in Barito Kuala can get extra income by
selling Kisar duck which is
famous with its superior meat.
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Sources Information :
o Dr. Ayi Kusmayadi, National Field Manager
o Johan Purnama, Deputy NFM Indonesia on Farming System
o Ruhaimi Alman, District Coordinator
o Rezani Mahakam SP, Field Technician (Agricultural
extension)
o Syaiful Asgar, AMd, Field Technician (Fishery extension)
Additonal external resources
o William F. Dean. Ph.D, Domestic Ducks
[http://www.duckhealth.com/dmstduck.html]
o Yestravel, Banjarbaru General Information,
[http://www.yestravel.com/fact/detal.php?fact=834]
o University of Queensland, Duck Project,
[http://www.uq.edu.au/_School_Science_Lessons/Duckproj.html]
