AMERICA IN THE MODERN AGE

WORLD WAR IITHE COLD WAR

THE KOREAN WAR

SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.

b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans.

c. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin.

d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries

e. Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb.

SSUSH20 : The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War

on the United States.

a. Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy.

b. Explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean War

1. How did the United States’ national crisis’ in the 1930’s and WWII lead to changes in the political, social, economic and cultural identity of the USA? 2. What impact did the Cold war have the USA?

Lend-Lease Act Allies Winston Churchill Stalingrad The Italian campaign D-Day Douglas Macarthur Midway Battle of the Coral Sea Kamikaze Wagner Act National Labor Relations Act Manhattan Project

Harry Truman Eleanor Roosevelt Hiroshima Nagasaki Dwight Eisenhower Hitler Nazi Huey Long Court Packing Bill Neutrality Act President Roosevelt A. Philip Randolph War Production Board Rosie the Riveter Old age insurance

Essential questions:

Vocabulary:

WORLD WAR II

                                                                            

RISE OF DICTATORS

Three (3) events that led to their rise

1. Great Depression in Europe following WWI.

2. Anger over the Treaty of Versailles

Germany

3. Strong sense of nationalism Desire that all peoples with like

languages and cultures should be together in one country.

BENITO MUSSOLINI

Leads the Fascist Party of Italy to power in 1922.

Outlaws all political parties except Fascists.

Takes control of press, schools, religion.

Invades Ethiopia with no interference by the League of Nations.

ADOLF HITLER

Head of the Nazi Party in Germany- 1933

Blames Jews for German problems and calls for the creation of the Aryan Race.

Blond haired, blue-eyed Germans

Creates a totalitarian state in which Nazi Party controls all of the govt., schools, and religion.

JAPAN

Hirohito- Emperor of Japan.

Militarists dominate the government.

Hideki Tojo- War Minister.

1932- Seizes Manchuria in China.

1936- leaves the League of Nations and invades rest of China.

JOSEPH STALIN

Succeeds Lenin upon his death in 1922.

Had all of his political opponents killed.

Govt. takes control of all aspects of economy.

Signs pact with Germany to stay out of war.

Later joins with Allies after Germany attacks Russia

WINSTON CHURCHILL

Becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1940.

Noted for his stirring speeches and bulldog confidence.

Leads Britain against Nazi aggression.

Pressures for the United States to enter the war.

FDR-ELECTION OF 1936

Franklin Roosevelt up for a second term

His New deal is very popular but it is not working

Depression has not turned around

Thinks war is inevitable but America is isolationist in the 1930’s

Roosevelt wins all but 2 states

THE BEGINING OF THE WAR 1935: Germany rearms. 1936: Germany takes the

Rhineland. 1937: Germany, Italy,

Japan form the Axis Powers.

1938: Germany seizes Sudetenland and Austria.

1939: Germany invades Czechoslovakia.

EUROPEAN RESPONSE

Britain and France adopt appeasement policy at Munich Conference to let Hitler have what he has taken.

America adopts Neutrality Acts.

Soviet Union signs Nazi-Soviet Pact to agree not to attack each other.

September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland.

EUROPEAN RESPONSE

September 3, 1939: September 3, 1939: Britain and France Britain and France declare war on declare war on Germany.Germany.

THE WORLD AT WAR

Hitler uses blitzkrieg “lightning war” against Europe.

Spring, 1940: Germany invades Denmark, Belgium, and France.

June, 1940- France falls to the Nazis.

Hitler presides over the surrender in the same railroad car as the 1918 Armistice.

Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937When the President proclaimed the existence of a When the President proclaimed the existence of a

foreign war, certain restrictions would foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect:automatically go into effect:

Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations.

Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations.Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations.

Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war [in contrast to WW I].at war [in contrast to WW I].

Non-military goods must be purchased on a “cash-Non-military goods must be purchased on a “cash-and-carry” basis and-carry” basis pay when goods are picked up. pay when goods are picked up.

This limited the options of the President in a crisis.This limited the options of the President in a crisis.

America in the 1930s declined to build up its forces America in the 1930s declined to build up its forces because it was because it was isolationistisolationist

1939 Neutrality Act1939 Neutrality Act In response to Germany’s invasion of In response to Germany’s invasion of

Poland.Poland.

FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow FDR persuades Congress in special session to allow the US to aid European democracies in a limited the US to aid European democracies in a limited way:way:

The US could sell weapons to the European The US could sell weapons to the European democracies on a “cash-and-carry” basis.democracies on a “cash-and-carry” basis.

FDR was authorized to proclaim danger zones FDR was authorized to proclaim danger zones which US ships and citizens could not enter.which US ships and citizens could not enter.

Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:

Aggressors could not send ships to buy US Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions.munitions.

The US economy improved as European demands The US economy improved as European demands for war goods helped bring the country out of the for war goods helped bring the country out of the 1937-38 recession. 1937-38 recession. America becomes the America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy.”“Arsenal of Democracy.”

LEND-LEASE

1941 proposal to Congress by Roosevelt.

British running short on money.

United States greatly increased its production of military equipment so that it could be leant to the British and the Allies.

$7 billion dollars used to build airplanes, ships, and tanks.

AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR

July, 1941- America freezes Japanese assets for aggression in the Pacific.

November, 1941- negotiations between the U.S and Japan fail.

Sunday, December 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor, Hawaii bombed by Japanese planes at 7:55 a.m.

19 ships and 150 planes destroyed.

AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR

December 8, 1941: President December 8, 1941: President Roosevelt formally asks Congress Roosevelt formally asks Congress to declare war on Japan.to declare war on Japan.

December 11: Germany and Italy December 11: Germany and Italy declare war on America.declare war on America.

War Mobilization

How does America get ready for war?

What’s it like on the home front?

How do the people left at home help win WWII?

How does the role of women change during the war?

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:It Will Lead to VICTORY!It Will Lead to VICTORY!

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:It Will Lead to VICTORY!It Will Lead to VICTORY!

““Rosie, the Riveter”Rosie, the Riveter”““Rosie, the Riveter”Rosie, the Riveter”

Women’s Army Air CorpsWomen’s Army Air CorpsPilots, Women’s Army Corps. Army Pilots, Women’s Army Corps. Army

NursesNurses

Women’s Army Air CorpsWomen’s Army Air CorpsPilots, Women’s Army Corps. Army Pilots, Women’s Army Corps. Army

NursesNurses

Get Your Ration CardsGet Your Ration CardsGet Your Ration CardsGet Your Ration Cards

S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!

Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Internment CampInternment Camp

Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Internment CampInternment Camp

Navaho “Code Talkers”Navaho “Code Talkers”Navaho “Code Talkers”Navaho “Code Talkers”

Segregated UnitsSegregated UnitsSegregated UnitsSegregated Units

WARTIME ALLIANCES

ALLIESALLIES United States Britain France Soviet Union

AXISAXIS Germany Italy Japan

BATTLES IN THE PACIFIC

Battle of Midway: June 4-7, 1942- America sinks 4 Japanese aircraft carriers.

Turning Point of the war for America in the Pacific

European Theater1942-1945

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Allied Commander

Marshal Georgy Zhukov

Soviet Field Marshal

INVASION OF ITALY

July, 1943- Island of Sicily July, 1943- Island of Sicily invaded.invaded.

Mussolini flees Italy for Mussolini flees Italy for Germany.Germany. Caught by his own people and Caught by his own people and

executed.executed. Italian army surrenders, but Italian army surrenders, but

German army continues to fight.German army continues to fight. June, 1944- Allies march into June, 1944- Allies march into

Rome.Rome.

BATTLE FOR RUSSIA

July, 1942- Battle of Stalingrad.July, 1942- Battle of Stalingrad. Russians destroy their own cities so Russians destroy their own cities so

Germans would have “nothing to Germans would have “nothing to conquer.”conquer.”

July, 1943- Battle of KurskJuly, 1943- Battle of Kursk Germans forced to withdraw.Germans forced to withdraw.

D-DAY

Operation Overlord- Operation Overlord- invasion of France via invasion of France via English Channel.English Channel.

Gen. Eisenhower leadsGen. Eisenhower leads June 6, 1944- Beaches June 6, 1944- Beaches

of Normandy, France of Normandy, France are invaded by 3 are invaded by 3 million Allied troops.million Allied troops.

Aug. 25, 1944- Paris Aug. 25, 1944- Paris liberated.liberated.

EAST MEETS WEST

April 26, 1945- April 26, 1945- Russian and Russian and American troops meet American troops meet at the Elbe River.at the Elbe River.

WAR IN THE PACIFIC

Japan severely weakened by U.S. forces.

Island Hopping Campaign- Feb.- March, 1945- America captures Japanese controlled islands Philippines, Iwo Jima

Kamikaze- Japanese suicide runs w/ planes.

Iwo Jima-More US Marines earned the Medal of Honor on Iwo Jima than in any other battle in US History.

General MacArthur and the Philippines

I Will

Return!

YALTA CONFERENCE

Meeting of the “Big Three” in Feb., 1945.

Agreements made1. Germany divided into 4

zones.

2. Germany would pay for war and lose military.

3. Created United Nations

4. Stalin demands Poland to be “pro-Russian.”

5. Soviet Union agrees to enter the war against Japan after the defeat of Germany.

DEATH OF HITLER

July, 1944- Assassination attempt by German generals. Hitler survives.

Soviet forces invade Berlin. Hitler marries long-time

girlfriend, Anna Braun April 30, 1945- they commit

suicide in bunker by swallowing cyanide capsules.

Bodies burned by German soldiers.

Hitler’s last official photo

DEATH OF ROOSEVELT

Election of 1944Election of 1944 Roosevelt defeats Roosevelt defeats

Thomas Dewey for a Thomas Dewey for a 44thth term. term.

63 years old, very sick 63 years old, very sick with influenza, high with influenza, high blood pressure, and blood pressure, and congestive heart failure.congestive heart failure.

April 12, 1945- suffers a April 12, 1945- suffers a stroke at Warm Springs, stroke at Warm Springs, Georgia.Georgia.

April 15, 1945- State April 15, 1945- State FuneralFuneral

HARRY S. TRUMAN

Becomes President on death of Roosevelt.

“out of the loop” on war-time planning.

Orders drop of Atomic Bomb to “save American lives.”

THE END OF THE WAR

June, 1944- D-Day May 8, 1945- Germany

surrenders (V-E Day) Manhattan Project at

Los Alamos August 6, 1945- Atomic

Bomb dropped on: Hiroshima (70,000 killed) Nagasaki (40,000 killed)

THE END OF THE WAR

August 14, 1945- Japan surrenders (V-J Day)

THE COLD WAR- a war fought with words, threats, espionage but not

weapons of mass destruction

“The Iron Curtain”

Soviet Union controls nations of Eastern Europe, each with a pro-Moscow Communist government.

1946-1947- Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria

1948- Czechoslovakia Churchill calls this the, “Iron

Curtain.” Germany split into East

Germany (pro-Soviet) and West Germany (Independent).

UNITED NATIONS

Created in 1945. Member nations agreed

to bring all disputes to. Any nation can belong. 5 Permanent members

1. United States2. Great Britain3. Soviet Union4. China5. France

TRUMAN DOCTRINE

1947- Soviet Union threatens Greece and Turkey.

United States would send $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey to help stop the Communists.

“It must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting outside pressures.”

MARSHALL PLAN

Plan by Secretary of Plan by Secretary of State George State George Marshall to rebuild Marshall to rebuild post-war Europe.post-war Europe.

Believed that by Believed that by helping these people, helping these people, it would avoid it would avoid Communist threatsCommunist threats

Between 1948-1952 Between 1948-1952 the United States the United States would give $12 would give $12 billion in aid to billion in aid to Western Europe.Western Europe.

Aid offered to Aid offered to Eastern Europe, but Eastern Europe, but turned down.turned down.

BERLIN BLOCKADE

Berlin divided into 4 zones United States, Great

Britain, France, Soviet Union.

Stalin cuts off all highway and rail traffic in June, 1948.

Berlin Airlift

•Ordered by Harry Truman in June, 1948.•Daily food drops into Berlin.•Planes land every 4 minutes at the airport.•Ends in May, 1949.

•1 year and 2 months.

•277,804 flights.

•2,325,809 tons of food and supplies.

OPPOSING ALLIANCES

NATONATO North Atlantic

Treaty Organization

United States and nations of Western Europe.

Created in April, 1949.

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact Military organization

of the Communist Nations.

Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania.

Created in May, 1955.

ELECTION OF 1948

Democrats Harry S. Truman

Republicans Thomas Dewey

Dixiecrats Strom Thurmond

Truman travels the country by train- “whistle stop” campaign.

Dewey leads in the polls the entire campaign.

First use of Gallup Polls. “Dewey Defeats Truman”

headline Truman wins

The “War” on Communism

Truman takes it upon himself to stop communism from spreading around the world.

Called the containment policy

Many 3rd world nations susceptible to the ideals of communism.

The Korean War

1950-1953

Korean Peninsula

Korean peninsula divided into north and south at 38th Parallel after WWII.

People’s Republic of Korea (Communist North) led by Kim Il Sung.

Republic of Korea (Capitalist South) led by Syngman Rhee.

KOREAN WAR

June 25, 1950- Invasion of South by communist North.

U.N. forces led by Gen. MacArthur push into the North.

Chinese help communist North to push back south of the 38th.

Gen. MacArthur Fired

Douglas MacArthur openly criticizes Truman for the handling of the war.

Wants to invade China. April, 1951- MacArthur is

recalled and relieved of duty.

Replaced by Mathew Ridgeway.

End of the War

War ends in July 27, 1953. Armistice signed with the border

staying at the 38th Parallel.

Election of 1952

Republicans Dwight D.

Eisenhower “I like Ike.” Former WWII general

Democrats Adlai Stevenson

Eisenhower wins in a landslide.

First Republican elected to Presidency in 20 years.