Upload
maribel-lambie
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
America Moves Toward War
Chapter 16, Section 4
Cash-and-Carry Law
Allowed U.S. to sell weapons to nations who were at war as long as those nations paid cash and transported the weapons themselves
Designed to help Britain and France
FDR argued this would help Britain and France defeat Germany and would keep U.S. out of the war
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan signed a mutual defense treaty known as the Tripartite Pact
Aimed at keeping the U.S. out of the warIf U.S. joined the war, it
would face a two-ocean war in the Atlantic and Pacific
U.S. Increased Aid to British
U.S. sent rifles and machine guns to the British
U.S. traded old naval destroyers for British naval bases in the Western Hemisphere
Building U.S. Defenses
U.S. increased military spending
Congress passed first peacetime military draft
Nazi victories started to move U.S. away from isolationism
Roosevelt Elected to Third Term
FDR decided to run for an unprecedented third term as President
FDR and his opponent both supported aid to Britain and both promised to keep the nation out of war
FDR won election
Election of 1940
“The Great Arsenal of Democracy”
FDR told the nation that it was not possible to have peace with Hitler
FDR warned that if Britain fell then Hitler would try to conquer the rest of the world
FDR said that the U.S. needed to help defeat the Axis powers by being the “great arsenal of democracy”
Lend-Lease Act
By late 1940, Britain was out of cash
FDR suggested a lend-lease planU.S. would lend or lease weapons
and supplies to any nation “whose defense was vital to the United States”
Americans favored the plan, and Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941
U.S. Neutrality
Isolationist Position
U.S. should not tie its future to the eternal wars in Europe
U.S. would suffer financial and military hardships
The war was Europe’s problem
America had its own problems
Interventionist Position
The events of Europe affected the U.S. and the world
Germany was interested in worldwide conquest
America could not live peacefully in a Nazi-controlled world
The U.S. had an obligation to defend democracy
Germany Invaded the Soviet Union
Hitler and Stalin had entered into the Non-aggression Pact in 1939
Hitler violated the agreement in June 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union
Germany and the Soviet Union were at war
Supporting Stalin
FDR and the United States began sending lend-lease aid to the Soviet Union
Some Americans opposed sending aid to a communist country
Churchill: If Hitler invaded Hell, the British would be allies with the Devil
German Wolf Packs
Supply lines had to be kept open to Britain and to the Soviet Union
Germany used U-boats (submarines) to attack U.S. supply shipsWolf packs attacked U.S. ships
in coordinated attacksFDR gave U.S. Navy
permission to sink German U-boats in self-defense
Naval Attacks
Allied ships began to use sonar to locate German submarines
U.S. and Germany were essentially at war in the Atlantic by the summer of 1941
Sept. 1941: FDR gave U.S. ships the power to shoot any U-boat on sight
The Atlantic Charter
FDR and Churchill agree to a joint declaration of war goals called the Atlantic Charter
FDR told Churchill that he couldn’t ask for a declaration of war from Congress yetBut U.S. would do all it
could to help wage war on Germany
The Allies
The Atlantic Charter became the common goals of the Allies in World War IISigned by 26 nationsNations that fought against
the Axis powers
Prelude to War
FDR gave order for U.S. Navy to shoot German submarines on sight
German U-boats continued to torpedo U.S. ships
Congress allowed merchant ships to be armed
U.S. and Germany on the verge of war
Japan’s Ambitions in the Pacific
Japan invaded China in July 1937
Japan began conquering British and French islands in the Pacific
Only U.S. island territories remained as an obstacle to Japanese control of the Pacific
Japanese officers after the invasion of China
U.S. Cut Off Trade to Japan
U.S. protested Japanese aggression by halting trade with Japan
Japan could not live without oil from the U.S.
Japanese leaders warned that Japan would have to convince U.S. to stop embargo or would have to capture Dutch East Indies for oil fields
Peace Talks with Japan
Japan and U.S. entered into peace talksBut Tojo prepared for an attack on
the U.S.U.S. intercepted Japanese
message and learned Japan was preparing for an attackDid not know whereFDR warned Pacific military
commanders of an imminent strikeFDR wanted Japan to strike first
On the Verge
Peace talks continued
On Dec. 6, 1941, U.S. intercepted message telling Japanese peace negotiators to reject any American proposalsU.S. knew that this likely
meant war
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor was largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific
Japanese goals for the attack:Weaken U.S. navy to
prevent resistanceBreak U.S. moraleCost U.S. time in
rebuilding its navy
Photo of attack, taken from a Japanese plane
Attack on Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941
180 Japanese aircraft launched from six aircraft carriers attacked Pearl HarborAttack lasted an hour
and a halfAttack launched in two
wavesU.S. antiaircraft guns
barely made an impact
Results:
Sank 4 battleships
Damaged 4 battleships
Sank or damaged 3 cruisers and 3 destroyers
Destroyed 188 aircraft
Damaged more than 100 additional aircraft
Killed 2,403
Injured 1,178
Reaction to Pearl Harbor
FDR: “a date which will live in infamy”
FDR knew that U.S. would have to absorb many losses in the war as it built up its military and rebuilt its navy
FDR requested a declaration of war the following day
President Roosevelt asks for a declaration of war on December 8, 1941
U.S. Declared War
Congress approved FDR’s request for a declaration of war against Japan
Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.
U.S. faced with the prospect of a two-front war
The End of Isolationism
Americans united after the attack on Pearl Harbor
Former isolationists supported an all-out war effort
Defense spending would end the Great Depression
Pearl Harbor Memorial