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Amniotes
Eggs with 4 membranes Have dry, tough or scaly skin 2 kidneys Groups
Synapsids – all mammals Sauropsids – reptiles and birds
27 Jan. 2010 Reptiles.ppt 2
Amniote egg
Embryo develops membranes within shell amnion, chorion, yolk
sac, allantois Shell permeable to air
(breathes) Amnion, chorion
retain water to keep embryo wet.
Reptiles
No longer a formal taxon, not monophyletic Refer to lineages that show basic amniote features,
but not derived traits of birds/mammals Chase prey Well-muscled jaws 4 limbs good at supporting weight Lungs Bigger brains
General Characteristics
Live in a variety of land and water habitats Cold-blooded Both sexes have cloaca – functions in excretion and
reproduction adaptations to terrestrial environment
Keratinized skin - epidermal scales- reduce water loss abrasion resistant
Internal fertilization- Sperm deposited in female body
Groups
Crocodilia (crocodiles, gavials, caimans, and alligators)
Sphenodontia (tuataras from New Zealand)
Squamata (lizards, snakes, and worm lizards):
Testudines (turtles and tortoises):
Turtles
Bony or cartlingous shell attached to skelton
Horny plates act as teeth
Vunerable because of predators, hunting, nesting site destruction
Lizards
Largest order Skin has horny scales or
sheilds
Snakes Limbless, can have
vestigial structure Snakes can open jaw to
accomodate large prey May use venom to
subdue prey Lack eyelids, external
ears Females store sperm
and lay several clutches
Tuataras
Two species surviving in New Zealand
Resemble amphibians in brain and locomotion
Have 3rd eye under skin May detect
daylentgh and light intensity
Crocodilians
All are predators in/near water Powerful jaw, long snout, sharp teeth Only ones with a 4 chambered heart like birds and
mammals Engage in parental behavior Closest relatives to birds