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ไกรชาติ ตันตระการอาภา : การประเมินและจัดทํ าระบบแบบจ ําลองกระบวนการชั้นตะกอนแอนแอโรบิคแบบไหลขึ้นสํ าหรับบํ าบัดน้ํ าเสียจากโรงงานนมและ ผลิตภัณฑนม (PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND MODELING OF AN UPFLOWANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET PROCESS TREATING DAIRYWASTEWATER), อ.ที่ปรึกษา : ผูชวยศาสตราจารย จงจินต ผลประเสริฐ, Ph.D. 171หนา. ISBN 974-533-261-5

การศึกษาการบํ าบัดน้ํ าทิ้งจากโรงงานนมและผลิตภัณฑนมดํ าเนินการท่ีอุณหภูมิบรรยากาศโดยการใช กระบวนการชั้นตะกอนแอนแอโรบิคแบบไหลขึ้น (UASB) น้ํ าเขาระบบมีคา COD เฉลี่ย938 mg/L ทดลองที ่ 4 ระยะเวลากักเก็บ 12-24 ชั่วโมง เทียบเทากับอัตราภาระบรรทุกอินทรีย 1.01-2.07 kg COD/m3-d เมื่อเขาสูสภาวะสมดุลซึ่งใชระยะเวลาประมาณ 3 เดือน มีการเก็บตัวอยางและวิเคราะห คุณภาพนํ ้าเขาและออกจากระบบเพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิภาพการบ ําบัด พบวามีประสิทธิภาพในการบ ําบัดดังน้ี COD = 66-92%, BOD = 90-97%, TS = 58-82%, TDS = 48-77%, อินทรียไนโตรเจน = 65-83%, และฟอสฟอรัสอินทรีย = 68-95% โดยภาพรวมพบวาระบบ UASB สามารถใชบํ าบัดน้ํ าเสียจากโรงงานนมและผลิตภัณฑนมขั้นแรกไดด ี และมีกาซชีวภาพเปนผลพลอยได ในอัตรา 552 ลิตรตอกิโลกรัมของ COD ที่ใชไป ไมพบวาการเปลี่ยนแปลงอัตราการไหลขึ้นของนํ้ าเขาระบบจะมีผลตอขนาดของเม็ดตะกอนอยางมีนัยส ําคัญทางสถิติ ในการศึกษาการแตกตัวของกรดพบวาในน้ํ าที่ระบายออกจากระบบมีปริมาณกรดแลคติกและโพรไพโอนิกสูง อัตราการเกิดปฏิกิริยาการแตกตัวของกรดอะเซติกไปเปนกาซมีเทนจะเกิดชาหรือเปนขอจํ ากัดของกระบวนการยอยแบบแอนแอโรบิค คาจลนศาสตรของระบบพบวามีคา k, Ks และ Y เปน 13 d-1, 14.73 mg/L and 0.19 gVSS/g COD ตามลํ าดับ การประมาณการเกิดกาซชีวภาพโดยใชแบบจ ําลองคอมพิวเตอรท่ีสรางข้ึนพบวา คาที่ประมาณสอดคลองกับผลการวิเคราะหที่ตรวจวัดไดในหองปฏิบัติการโดยการสอบเทียบการวิเคราะหความไวของแบบจํ าลองพบวา คา KS มีคาความไวมากกวา คา fm

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62%+8%29: '∆ −;< 8%=>?: 2

@;

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A2 ∆

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;; = ';2∆ ';' 22 ∆ ';' 2

A2 ∆

D@@ !@ AB"C7FA @7@"G@ @7"G "AA7GB BC@"E@7FAD!@ !@ AAGB7FD @7@"FF @7"F "!B7GD BGEFFA7C@DA@ !@ AA"C7E@ @7@"F@ @7"F "!B7G" BC@E"B7"GDB@ !@ A!DC7EA @7@""@ @7"" "@C7D" BC@B!E7DCD"@ !@ A!GB7EC @7@"BF @7"B "@C7EF BC"!BA7@!DF@ !@ A!"C7EC @7@"B@ @7"B "@C7AF BCGCBG7"!DE@ !@ A!AB7ED @7@"AF @7"A "@G7GF BD!"BC7C!DG@ !@ A@DC7G@ @7@"A@ @7"A "@G7!F BD"DBB7AADC@ !@ A@GB7G! @7@"!F @7"! "@E7"F BDCB!G7EBDD@ !@ A@AB7GA @7@"@F @7"@ "@@7G@ BDEED@7@G!@@@ !@ !DDC7GC @7@"@@ @7"@ BDD7GE BDDGFE7@"!@!@ !@ !DDC7GC @7@"@@ @7"@ "@B7GF "@GGD!7!B!@A@ !@ !DDC7GC @7@"@@ @7"@ "@G7GF "!FD@E7!C!@B@ !@ !DAB7C@ @7@BCF @7BC BDE7B@ "@C!DA7E!!@"@ !@ !GDC7CD @7@BE@ @7BE BG"7!G BCD!BE7BF!@F@ !@ !G"C7D! @7@BF@ @7BF BEG7AG BCFEB"7!"!@E@ !@ !G"C7D! @7@BF@ @7BF BG@7GG BDB@!"7FB!@G@ !@ !G"C7D! @7@BF@ @7BF BG"7AG "@@"E"7CC!@C@ !@ !EDC7DA @7@B"@ @7B" BEE7DG BDEBA"7C@!@D@ !@ !EGB7DC @7@BBF @7BB BE"7DB BDGGG!7B"!!@@ !@ !E"C7DD @7@BB@ @7BB BEA7GC BDD@FF7AF!!!@ !@ !E"C7DD @7@BB@ @7BB BEE7@C "@EB"B7GC!!A@ !@ !FDD7@@ @7@BA@ @7BA BFC7!C "@!!FC7!E!!B@ !@ !FDD7@@ @7@BA@ @7BA BE!7BG "@CBFB7EC!!"@ !@ !F"D7@A @7@B!@ @7B! BFB7!C "@AEA!7!D!!F@ !@ !FA"7@C @7@B@F @7B@ BF@7F" "@B!!C7"G!!E@ !@ !FA"7@C @7@B@F @7B@ BFB7FD "!@!FD7G!!!G@ !@ !"DD7@D @7@B@@ @7B@ BF@7GD "!@"!D7FB!!C@ !@ !""D7!@ @7@AD@ @7AD B"!7DD "@BF"F7FF!!D@ !@ !""D7!@ @7@AD@ @7AD B""7CD "!@"!"7AC!A@@ !@ !BDD7!A @7@AC@ @7AC BBF7GD "@AD"F7"F!A!@ !@ !BG"7!A @7@AGF @7AG BBA7F" "@ABG@7DE!AA@ !@ !ADD7A@ @7@AE@ @7AE B!G7@@ BCEG"F7@@!AB@ !@ !ADD7A@ @7@AE@ @7AE B!D7E@ BDB!!!7@G!A"@ !@ !A"D7A! @7@AF@ @7AF B@D7C@ BC"!FG7CG!AF@ !@ !!DD7AC @7@A"@ @7A" ADD7CA BG"GG"7"!!AE@ !@ !!"D7AD @7@AB@ @7AB ACD7EA BE"DAB7G!!AG@ !@ !!A"7B@ @7@AAF @7AA ACF7FG BEAEGG7!B!AC@ !@ !@A"7BC @7@A@F @7A@ AEA7A" BBFEED7E!!AD@ !@ !@"D7BA @7@A!@ @7A! AG@7GB B"DABE7AA!B@@ !@ !@A"7BC @7@A@F @7A@ AEE7B" B"EA"!7AB!B!@ !@ !@BE7CC @7@A@G @7A! AG!7EE BFFCGG7"B!BA@ !@ !@A"7BC @7@A@F @7A@ AG@7"" BFEDGE7GE!BB@ !@ DDD7BD @7@A@@ @7A@ AEF7C" BFBFE"7AB

!"D

2,3.#(!46##$%&'()*+,#-+./'0-#12'3#!A)3#4567#8/09'29H+,:

62%+8%29: '∆ −;< 8%=>?: 2

@;

;; = ';2∆ ';' 22 ∆ ';' 2

A2 ∆

!B"@ !@ DG"7"@ @7@!DF @7!D AE!7!" B"DDAF7GF!BF@ !@ DA"7"! @7@!CF @7!C A"D7FD BBED"C7EE!BE@ !@ DG"7"@ @7@!DF @7!D AEF7@" BE@""D7AF!BG@ !@ D"D7"! @7@!D@ @7!D AE@7!" BFEBCG7CG!BC@ !@ D"D7"! @7@!D@ @7!D AEA7@" BE!E@D7E@!BD@ !@ D"!7A! @7@!CC @7!D AE!7EE BEBG@!7EF!"@@ !@ D"@7A! @7@!CC @7!D AEB7AE BECFE!7G!!"!@ !@ DAD7G! @7@!CE @7!D AEA7!C BEDEG!7DG!"A@ !@ DB@7G! @7@!CE @7!D AE"7BA BGFBBG7AD!"B@ !@ DAD7A! @7@!CE @7!D AEF7GF BC@@AD7@E!""@ !@ DAE7G! @7@!CF @7!D AEE7CD BC"BAE7AE!"F@ !@ DAE7A! @7@!CF @7!D AEC7E@ BCD"GA7"C!"E@ !@ DAF7G! @7@!CF @7!D AG@7B! BD"E"D7D"!"G@ !@ DA"7G! @7@!CF @7!C AG!7CG BDDE"A7FG!"C@ !@ DAA7A! @7@!C" @7!C AGA7DC "@"@@B7FA!"D@ !@ DA@7G! @7@!C" @7!C AG"7BG "@CC!F7EF!F@@ !@ DA@7A! @7@!C" @7!C AGE7@E "!"@DE7FD!F!@ !@ D!C7AA @7@!C" @7!C AGG7B@ "!CGA"7FB!FA@ !@ D!G7AA @7@!CB @7!C AGC7CB "ABCAE7DG!FB@ !@ D!"7GA @7@!CB @7!C AGD7D@ "ACAF!7D@

IH% !F"@ !"!!AB7C A7CAA"GE AC7AA ACCEE7BB B!!!A!F@7ED

( )θ'2%+-+'+9'209<'3+0-2'2/. ###J-.'+K<01

-+./'0-0KL0<H%++KK+/'2L+

####J##

%29%?"7BB

?C7!E J GA@#%29H'+M

%+.96 ####J∑ ∆

∑ ∆

22

222'/'/'

J##AA7ACBB7AACEE

####J !@AA7GB##%29H'+M

Aσ ####J A%+.9

22

22A2 6'/'/'

−∑ ∆

∑ ∆

####J AGB7!@AAAA7ACED7B!!!A!F − ####J FEBA!7BB

!F@

A,C,A + ####JA%+.9

A

6σ J

AGB7!@AABB7FEBA!

####J @7@FBC"E

, ####J @7@A""

2,3.#(!47##63+#'-./+-#M'H,(#K0-#")3#456#M<H,=+)/09'.2929=#-+./'0-7

62%+8%29: '∆

−;<8%=>?:

2@

;;; = ';2∆ ';' 22 ∆ ';' 2

A2 ∆

@ @ @7@@@@@ @7@@@@@ @ @F F @7@@@@B @7@@@!B @7@@@EE @7@@BB!@ F @7@@@@B @7@@@!B @7@@!BA @7@!BA!F F @7@@@@B @7@@@!B @7@@!DC @7@ADGA@ F @7@C@@@ @7"@@@! C7@@@!E !E@7@@BAAF F @7@F@@! @7AF@@F E7AF!BEAF !FE7AC"@EBB@ F @7@"@@! @7A@@@G E7@@A! !C@7@EBBF F @7@F@@! @7AF@@F C7GF!D@GF B@E7B!EGEB"@ F @7!ADDD @7E"DDB AF7DDGAA !@BD7CCCC"F F @7@@@@B @7@@@!B @7@@FD" @7AEGBF@ F @7@F@@! @7AF@@F !A7F@AGAF EAF7!BEAFFF F @7@F@@! @7AF@@F !B7GFADDGF GFE7"!"CEBE@ F @7@E@@! @7B@@@" !C7@@AB" !@C@7!"@"EF F @7@E@@! @7B@@@" !D7F@AFBF !AEG7EE"GCG@ F @7@G@@@ @7BF@@A A"7F@!E"F !G!F7!!F!FGF F @7!ADDD @7E"DDB "C7G""GCGF BEFF7CFD@EC@ F @7!!DDD @7FDDDF "G7DDFEC BCBD7EF""CF F @7!ADDD @7E"DDB FF7A""@DAF "EDF7G"GCED@ F @7!EDDG @7C"DCG GE7"CC!EF ECCB7DB"CFDF F @7!ADDD @7E"DDB E!7G"BBDGF FCEF7EAAGE!@@ F @7!GDDG @7CDDCF CD7DCFB CDDC7FB!@F F @7!GDDG @7CDDCF D"7"C"FEF DDA@7CGDBB!!@ F @7!CDDG @7D"DC" !@"7"CA!AF !!"DB7@BBC!!F F @7A@DDE !7@"DC! !A@7GAGG"C !BCCB7ED!!A@ F !@7@@ @7!DDDE @7DDDCA !!D7DGCE" !"BDG7"BEC!AF F !A7@@ @7ABDDF !7!DDGE !"D7DG !CG"E7AF!B@ F !!7@@ @7A!DDE !7@DDGD !"A7DGACB !CFCE7"EGD!GF F E7@@ @7!!DDD @7FDDDF !@"7DD@FF !CBGB7B"EB!C@ F E7@@ @7!!DDD @7FDDDF !@G7DD@AC !D"BC7AF@"!CF F E7F@ @7!ADDD @7E"DDB !A@7ABG!"B AAA"B7CG!"!D@ F E7@@ @7!!DDD @7FDDDF !!B7DCDG" A!EFC7@F@E!DF F F7F@ @7!@DDD @7F"DDE !@G7A"A"DB A@D!A7ACEA@@ F "7F@ @7@D@@@ @7""DDD CD7DDCF !GDDD7GA@F F "7@@ @7@C@@@ @7"@@@! CA7@@!E" !EC!@7BBEAA!@ F F7@@ @7!@@@@ @7"DDDC !@"7DDF!G AA@"C7DCFG

!F!

2,3.#(!47##63+#'-./+-#M'H,(#K0-#")3#456#M<H,=+)/09'.2929=#-+./'0-7#8/09'29H+,:

62%+8%29: '∆

−;<8%=>?:

2@

;;; = ';2∆ ';' 22 ∆ ';' 2

A2 ∆

A!F F B7@@ @7@E@@! @7B@@@" E"7F@CBCF !BCED7B@ACAA@ F B7F@ @7@G@@@ @7BF@@A GG7@@F!G !ED"!7!BG"AAF F B7@@ @7@E@@! @7B@@@" EG7F@CGGF !F!CD7"G""AB@ F !7@@ @7@A@@A @7!@@!@ AB7@ABAB FADF7B"ADABF F !7@@ @7@A@@A @7!@@!@ AB7FABGBF FFAC7@GGGBA"@ F !7@@ @7@A@@A @7!@@!@ A"7@A"A" FGEF7C!GEA"F F !7@@ @7@A@@A @7!@@!@ A"7FA"G"F E@@C7FEAFBAF@ F !7@@ @7@A@@A @7!@@!@ AF7@AFAF EAFE7B!AFAFF F @7F@ @7@!@@A @7@F@!A !A7GGDG@GF BAFC7CAF"!AE@ F @7F@ @7@!@@A @7@F@!A !B7@B@AD BBCG7CGF"AG@ F @7@@ @7@@@@B @7@@@!B @7@BFE" D7EAACAGF F @7@@ @7@@@@B @7@@@!B @7@BEB D7DCAF

IH% AEF AED7"CE" F7BCDG AE7D"CE BFFB7"!AC FBC@D!7A!E

( )θ'2%+-+'+9'209<'3+0-2'2/. ###J-.'+K<01

-+./'0-0KL0<H%++KK+/'2L+

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?C7!E J A"@#%29H'+M

%+.96 ####J∑ ∆

∑ ∆

22

222'/'/'

J##DF7AE"!7BFFB

####J !B!7CE##%29H'+M

Aσ ####J A%+.9

22

22A2 6'/'/' −

∑ ∆∑ ∆

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A,C,A + ####JA%+.9

A

6σ J

ACE7!B!FG7AC@

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, ####J @7@FD

!FA

!FB

!""#$%&'(8

9,3:+,1:+*(;#<-.1<

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R9K<H+9'#;PN

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45

6

83:

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%B7,: 60'.< U2<'-.'+ 60'.< U2<'-.'+ 60'.< U2<'-.'+

!A A7@G !@BB7G F!C7B@ BF!7!@ AAE7E@ EE7@@ FE7B@

!E !7AC CFB7A EFG7@@ C"7!E B"7GC D@7!@ D"7G@

A@ !7@A CFB7A EFG7@@ EF7G@ AD7@@ DA7B@ DF7E@

A" !7@! !@@E7D C"F7GD !@E7G" "F7BG CD7"@ D"7E@

2,3.#(846###63+#U>V#-.'20#L+-MHM#'3+#&+-/+9'.=+#0K#;PN#-+%0L+,#.'#L.-20HM#-+'+9'209

'2%+M7

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!A @7GB EE7@

!E @7"E D@7!

A@ @7BG DA7B

A" @7FE CD7"

2,3.#(847(#XPN#-+%0L.<#+KK2/2+9/2+M#.'#L.-20HM#3(,-.H<2/#-+'+9'209#'2%+M7

456 R9K<H+9'#XPN $KK<H+9'#XPN S#-+%0L.<

!A FCF7@@ "E7F DA7@F

!E FC@7@@ !D7F@ DE7E@

A@ FC@7@@ !G7"@ DG7@@

A" CF!7AF C"7BF D@7!@

!FF

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!A AG7"! AG7B @7! AG7B !D7GD !D7G !@7! @7@"E D7E"

!E !D7AF !C7" @7CC !C7" !D7F! !D7!C !E7@G @7BB B7!!

A@ !D7AF !C7" @7CC !C7" !D7AC !D7@D !F7DB @7!D B7!E

A" AA7DG AA7A @7G! AA7A A@7G" A@7FC !F7AA @7!E F7BG

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!E AC7CC EA7F@ CB7@G

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!A A7@G FC7GA CA7E! FF7G" "C7AF FF7G"

!E !7AC G@7BB E!7"A C@7GG G!7FA CA7AC

A@ !7@A GA7BG EE7!" CB7EF GB7A! CF7BA

A" !7@! CA7F@ DF7"@ CB7CF GG7F! C!7DC

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!A F"7CA @7BE DD7E@ F!7@F @7AB "C7GA

!E AC7CC "7FG DF7"B CA7BG !7ED !F7D"

A@ AB7!@ "7FG DF7"B CA7EA @7DD !E7BD

A" AA7D@ B7!@ DE7D@ GB7BC @7GG AF7CD

!FG

2,3.#(84A##R9#K<H+9'#.9,#+KK<H+9'#0K#&30M&30-HM#K0-#+./3#456M7

R9K<H+9'#W#%=>? $KK<H+9'W#%=>?456

83:

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!A B7E@ !7C@ !7A@ @7E@ !7G! !7EC @7@B DF7@

!E !7E@ !7@G @7EB @7"" @7DF @7CB @7!A GA7G

A@ !7AD !7@G @7EB @7"" @7DE @7CA @7!" EC7A

A" @7"D @7"D @7B" @7!F @7F" @7F@ @7@" GB7B

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!A EE7EG BB7BB DC7AF !7GF

!E FC7CC "!7!A CG7BG !A7EB

A@ FC7CC "!7!A CF7"A !"7FC

A" ED7BD B@7E! DA7FD G7"!

V+.9 EB7A! BE7GD DA7@G G7DB

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A" A7@G EW"@@ !AF "WBFA

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4."[ V+.9#L.<H+#0K#=-.9H<+#M2^+#K0-#!E7C?>,#K<01#-.'+#≠#V+.9#L.<H+#0K#=-.9H<+#M2^+

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4A8A@#a#!E#3W#456:

4B8!E#a#!A#3W#456:

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