A N IN V E ST IG A T IO N OF O F F IC E P R A C T IC E A N 13 M ETH O DS

IN L A N D S C A P E A R C H IT E C T U R E

BY

M Y R O N L E S T E R R E E S

T H E S IS

D E G R E E O F B A C H E L O R O F S C IE N C E

L A N D S C A P E G A R D E N IN G

C O L L E G E O F A G R IC U L T U R E

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINO IS

1920

AN INVESTIGATION OF

OFFICE PRACTICE AND METHODS

IN

LAND?CAPE ARCHITECTURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PageForeword - History of the •• o r k ...................... . 1

I. L ist of Present o ffices, Addresses, D istribution.. 2

I I . L ist of ITurssries - Character, Address,Bis t.rib\iti on.................... 12

I I I . Opening an Office - Choice of Location,Publicity, Advertising, e t c . . . .................25

IV. Professional Methods - Contracting Methods........... 34

V. Office Systems - F iles, Employment, StenographicHelp, Men and Women Draftsmen........37

VI. Contracts ai}d Specifications, Athletic Areas...,.4G

VII. Books fo r Office reference - Design, Engineer-ing, Construction, Plant Material, Architecture............ .53

V III. Miscellaneous Data, T ra ffic requirements, e tc ..58

/

F O R E W O E D

History of the Work

1 .

History of the Work.

The f i r s t landscape Architects of this country were more or less

s e lf taught, as previous to this time there were no hooks nor defin ite

data collected on this subject in America. However, at this time, such

men as Brown, Hemp, Repton and Price, were expressing their opinions of

this new art in Europe. These ideas being brought to America were accepted

and with few changes, were put into practice by America's f i r s t Landscape

Gardner, Andrew Jackson Downing.

This period being between the Revolutionary and C iv il Wars, many

individuals found themselves financia lly able to beautify their homes

and even de'/elope country estates. Thus the demand for Landscape Architects

increased and this ca ll was answered by nurserymen, who were followers of

Downing. They carried out in a large measure Downing's principles and ideas.

A fter the C iv il War, the most prominent man of the lan scape profession

was Frederick Law Olmsted. Olmsted's work was much more American than that

of the men coming before him in the profession. Due to hi3 thorough study

of the American landscape, he wa3 able to carry out the natural style of

landscape art to a greater degree than any of his predecessors. The

developments he made were in perfect harmony with the surroundings, due to

his keen appreciation of the natural scenery of the American landscape.

From this period until the present day an increasing interest in land­

scape architecture lias been in evidence. This demand fo r trained landscape

architects has been answered by several of the larger institutions, such as

Harvard, Illin o is , Michigan, Ohio State, California, Cornell, Pennsylvania

Stats, Columbia, and the Missouri Botanical Garden. The Lowthorpe School

of Landscape Gardening at Groton, Massachusetts, is exclusively fo r young

women, a two year course being offered.

2 .

I.

l is t of Present Offices*

Hie following pages give the names and addresses of the most prominent

Landscape Architects in the United States and Canada. This l is t has been

arranged in alphabetical order under each state in which any landscape

architects of note are located. By looking over the various states one

w ill be able to t e l l where most of the 'work seems to be, and what part of

the country is not overcrowded with men of thi3 profession.

This directory ha3 been compiled from the A. S. L. A, membership, c ity

directories, architectural directories, and university records. It does

not include nurserymen who draw plans fo r landscape work*

3.

landscape architects and OFFICES

ALABAMA

Hoffman, J. Ia on Waverly, Alabama.

CALIFORNIA

-Cook, Im. David, Jr. 915 Marsh Strong B ld g . '^ A - . Los Angeles

Fox, Miss Lucia B. c/o Paul Thiene, 61 S* Raymond St. Pasadena

Johnson, Mrs Jean Ripley, Brackles Studios. Los Angeles

* Stevens, W, Santa Barbara

Thiene, Paul. 61 S. Raymond St. Pasadena

. Yoch, Miss Florence, 605 Van Nuyss Bldg. L03 Angela3.

CONNECTICUT

- Clark, Wgylis Stanford

* Desmond, Tho3. H. Sinnsbury

* Farrand, Mrs Beatrix, 285 Prospect St. New Haven

• Penticcst, G. F. Jr. Darine

GEORGIA

- Cook, E. Burton, Atlanta Trust Bldg., Atlanta. -

■ Katzenstein, Otto. Hedley Building. Atlanta

ILLINOISB . c ^ ‘

Andrews, C. B. 317 N. State Street. Monticello

Austin, Barton S. 209 S, LaSalle Street Chicago

Blair, E. 0. (Siaionds & Co) Chicago.

• Burger, A. H. 12 Walker Place Elgin

Button, Frank, 1414 Hinman Ave. Evanston

' Clark, B. H. 9745 S. Winchester Ave. Chicago.

Cone, George C. (Simonas & Co) Chicago.

4,

ILLINOIS (continued).

Duesner, Charles W. (Simonds & Co.) Chicago

• Evans, Frederick N. University of I l l in o is Urbana£

Foster, J. F. Superintendent Park Systems Chicago

• G riffin , W. B. 104 S, Michigan Ave Chicago

H ill, C. S. University of I l l in o is Urbana

'i Hemal, William, (Hornal and Schaffer) Lake Forest

* Hunt, Anthony Winnetka

- Jensen, Jens, The Clearing Ravinia

- Koenig, Edward J. 110 S. Dearborn Chicago

LeSure, Charles S. 50? E llis Avenue Chicago

McAdams, Miss May Elizabeth, Uhiv. of I l l in o is Urbana

Richards, H. S. Asst. Supt. of Parks. So. Pk. Sys . Chicago\

* Root, H ollister, Reeves and Karris, 159 N. State Chicago

• Rathbun, H, H. I l l in o is Landscape Association Bloomington

Schaffer, Otto G. Anderson Building. Lake Forest.

Seifried , A. G. American Park Builders Chicago.

. Simonds, 0. C, 1101 Buena Avenue Chicago -

- Smith, F. A. C. 209 S. LaSalle St. Chicago _

Thomas, J. L. 159 N. State St. Chicagof. hln. i r'i'S ! »■*>.

Tilton, L. D. University of I l l in o is Urbana

Troeger, P. T. American Park Builders Chicago.

INDIANA

* McDougal, G. M. 972 - 32nd St. Indianapolis

• Lute3, F. S, Portland ‘iJJ-ikrr

- Muessel, Richard A. 701 Cottage Grove Ave South Bend

* Sowers, Charles. Capitol Building Indianapolis

5.

I OVA

Lawrence, Charles E. 420 Valley Bank Building. Des iptnes

Hajnsey, L. W. Putnam Building Davenport

* Bohinson, Sprague, Pea'rse. Des Moines

KANSAS

Mueller, H. S. 145 N. Main Street Wichita -

MASSACHUSETTS

Aldrich, E. W, 89 State Street Boston

Adams, E. P. 53 State Street Bo3ton

Beal, E. W. 5862 Summer Street Boston

Blaney, E. W. Brattle Building Cambridge

Blossom, Harold m il , 10 Milk St. Boston -

Borst, T. F. Tremont Building Brookline

Brett, Franklin North Buxbury

Caldwell, Lawrence. 141 Milk Street Boston

Comey, A. C. Harvard Square Cambridge

Com, C. N. 89 State Street Boston

Dawson, F. J. Olmsted Brothers Brookline

E liot, C. W, 1? Fresh Pond Parkway Cambridge

Fogelsong, L. E. ^ Cambridge

French, A. H, 44 Harris Street Brookline

Gallagher, Percival, (Olmsted Bros.) Brookline —

Hall, G. D. Dover

Eiebel, L. B. Harvard-university Cambridge

Hubbard, H. V. Brattle Building Cambridge

Hellaway, H. J. 12 We3t Street Boston _

Kennard, F, H. Dudley Boad Newton Center.

6*

MASSACHUSETTS (continued)

Kimball, Theodora Robinson Hall Cambridge

Manning, A. C. Wilmington

Manning, W. H. North B ille r ica -

Movins, H, L. 89 State St. Boston

Munroe, W. H. 48 Auburn St. Brookline

Negus, S. P. 284 Dartmouth Boston

Nolen, John, Harvard Square Cambridge

Olmsted, F. L. 99 Warren St. Brookline

Olmsted, J. C. 99 Warren St. Brookline

Fnillips, Win. Jr. 510 Belmont St. Watertown, Mass.

Pond, Bremer, 45 Hole Street Beverly _

Pray, J. S. Brattle Building Cambridge

Pundhard, W. H* Brookline

Reynolds, H. A. 4 Joy Street Boston

Robinson, F. A. 107 University Road Brooltline

Rotch, A. 0. 89 State St. Boston

Sawyer, Miss Gertrude, Brattle Bldg. Cambridgei

Schurtleff, A. A. 89 State Street Boston

Smith, J. Hugh, 12 West Street Boston

Strang, f£rs R. R, Groton

Underwood, Loring, 141 Milk St. Boston -

Whiting, E. G. 99 Warren Street. Brookline

Woolner, W. C. Board of Trade Building Bo3ton

MICHIGAN

- Coryell, E. J. Birmingham

' Oukerski, W. L. Grand Rapids

- Munson, J. P. Ehauu St. N. E, Grand Raoids.

7,

MICHIGAN (continued)

Norton, Howard Detroit

• Ph illips, T. G, 706 Kresge Building Detroit —

Plummer, Mrs Margaret Henson, City Plan Com. Detroit

Tealdi, A. University of Michigan Ann Arbor

Wilcox, R« H* 1323 Woodward Ave* Detroit

Wehrung, Samuel Detroit

MINNESOTA

- Hoyt, B. St.Pauli' Morell, A. U. Palace Building Minneapolis

' Mueller, P* L* 4845 Bryant Ave St.Paul

* Nason, G, L» 639 Endicott Building St.Paul

Nichols, A. E. Palace Building Minneapolis -

- Nutter, F. A. Sykes Building Minneapolis

Philbrick, W. E. 900 Palace Building Minneapolis

- Bamsdall, C. H, 46 Barton Ave. S. E. Minneapolis

Eeid, 834 Ashland Blvd. St. Paul

' Wirth, Theodore, (Supt. of Rirks) Minneapolis _

- Wyman, Pnelps, 648 McKhight Bldg, Minneapolis

MISSOTJEI

- Hare and Hare, 604 Gumbel Building Kansas City -

-Helder, Arthuir H. Eeliance Building Kansas City

-Kessler, G. E« 423 Security Building St.Louis

Major, H. F, University of Missouri Columbia

McKown, E. L. 604 Gurobel Building Kansas City

-Noyes, John, Missouri Botanical Garden St.Louis

Shrader, Miss Naomi, Stark Brothers Louisiana*

8

NEBRASKA

■ Herminghaus, E. H.

' George, H. E. City Plan Commission

NEW JERSEY

Clark, Margaret, 318 Seventh Ave.

NEW yobe

-A llard, James

Bailey, L. H.

• Brinckerhoff, A. F« 527 F ifth Ave

- Brinley, J. B. 155 F ifth Ave

• Caparn, H. A. 220 W« 42nd

- Chamherlain, Noel, 17 Gramercy Park

Clark, G. D. 81 Eingsbridge Eoad

- Coffin, Marian Cruger, 73 E, 42nd St.

- Cox, Laurie D. State College of Forestry

• Cunningham, S, Jr. 11 E. 24th Street

Davis, E. G. Cornell University

• DeForest, A iling S. 222 Sibley Block

- Fleming, Bryant

' Fowler, Clarence, 15 E. 40th Street

- Galbringer, Joseph, Municipal Bldg.

Gay, W, W. 70 E. 45th Street

Geifert, A. Jr. 527 F ifth Ave

■ G-reenleaf, J. L. 1 Broadway

• Hinchman & P ila t, 52 Broadway

-Hutcheson, Martha B. 45 E. 82nd St.

•Lay, C. D. 15 E. 40th St.

Lincoln

Omaha

Newark

Buffalo

Ithaca

New York City _

New York City

New York City

New York City _

Bronx

New York City

Syracuse

New York City

Ithaca

Eochester

Wyoming

New York City

New York City

New York City

New York City.

New York City ~_

New York City _

New York City.

New York City.

9.HEW YORK (continued.)

"Leavitt, C* If* 220 Broadway New York City —

- Lowrie, C. N, 101 Perk Avenue New York City

• McClure, G. E. 832 W. Delavun St. Buffalo

- Merkel, Herman W, Boston Eoad, Bronxdale New York City

• Parsons, Samuel, 1C1 Park Ave. New York City

P ila t, C. E. 52 Broadway New York City.

- Pitkin, Ytca, Jr. Rochester,ot Po

- P latt, C. A. 11 E. 24tli St. Uw? York City -

• Saltus, Rollin S. 9 E. 41st St. New York City

- Sanger, Prentice, 21 E, 40tli St. New York City

* Schermerhorn, Richard, Jr* 363 Lexington Ave New York City

- Schuim, Paul B. 15 E. 40th St. New York City

• Townsend, Frederic, 1322 Prudential Bldg. Buffalo

- Underhill, Arthur, 220 Broadway New York City

Vaux, Downing, 56 S. E ll io t t Place Brooklyn

V itale, Ferruccio, 527 F ifth Ave New Ycrk City

-Weinrichter, R. M. Outler Building Rochester

• Wheelwright, Robert, 15 E, 40th St. New York City

-W ieeltier, Bernard, 527 F ifth Ave. New York City.

OHIO

- Allen, F. E. 1521 Nichole Bldg, Toledo

Auten, Andrew, Rose Building Cleveland

• Brandt, Louis, 12429 Cedar Road Cleveland

Culley, F. H. Ames

Elwood, P. H. Jr. Ohio State University Columbus

- H ills , Elanor Delaware

Horvath, M. H. Citizens * Building Cleveland

1 1 .WISCONSIN

Flanders, Annette H, 686 Franklin Place Milwaukee

Wright, Miss Mildred, Gkauchee

WASHINGTON (State)

- Duncan, J. W. Supt. of parks Spokane

* Gould, C. F. Boston Building Seattle

Hull, D. H, State College Pullman

* Missingman, L. New York Building Seattle

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Blanchard, G. E. Public Gardens

Child, Stephen, U. S. Housing Corporation, Box 1903

Gibbs, George Jr. Construction Div. War Dept. 7 and B, Streets

Hartzog, Justin E. Construction Div. U. S, Camp Planning Section

Langdon, J. G. 454 Bandolph Street, N. W.

McCrary, I. J. 2030 Columbia Road, N. W.

Nicolet, T. W. Construction Div. War Department.

Parker, Carl Rust, U. S. Housing Corp. 613 G, Street

Punchard, C. P. Jr. War Dept. Public Building and Grounds. (U-u:J

l

mmKruse, Arthur M. 71 Bay Street, Toronto, Canada

Qrmiston, Roy W, Mt.Royal Cemetery Company, Montreal, Canada

Outhet, Rickson A. Beaver Hall H ill, Montreal, Canada.* ft 4 A f > C $ I A t. u , 1 0 ft- c ■"> T *

12 .

I I .

Nurseries in the united States.

The accompanying directory of nurseries in the united States and

Canada gives a l is t of the largest and most re liab le ones in the country.

For the State of I llin o is , a complete l i s t is given c e r t ified up

to December 15, 191S. This gives the character of stock showing what

each nurseries specializes in.

The landscape architect w il l find this l is t quite valuable when

ordering from re liab le nurseries in close proximity to his work.

13.

NURSERIES IN THE UNITED STATES

ALABAMA.

Chase Nursery Company ChaseHarlan Farms Nursery LockhartHuntsville Eholesale Nurseries HuntsvilleKelly & Son JeffOaklawn Nursery Huntsville

ARKANSAS.

Parker Bros. Nursery Fayetteville

CALIFORNIA.

California Nursery Co. NilesG ill Nursery Co. West BerkeleyHoward Rose Co. HemetKirkman Nurseries Fresno

NORTH CAROLINA

Valdesian Nurseries BosticVan Lindley Nursery Co. Pomona

COLORADO

Braun, Geo. J. DenverNorthern Nursery Co. Denver

CONNECTICUT

Baines Bros. Nursery Co. Ya lesvilleBurr, C. R. Manche sterElm City Nursery Co. New HavenHunt & Co. HartfordNorth Eastern Forestry Co. Che shire

NORTH DAKOTA

Northwest Nursery Co. Valley CityW ill & Co. Bismarck

SOUTH DAKOTA

Goumey Seed & Nursery Co. Yankton

DELAWARE

Bunting Nurseries ShelbyvilleLovett & Lester Milford

14.FLORIDA

Griffing & Co. MacclennySimpson Nursery Cc. Monticello

GEORGIA

Ashford Park Nurseries Atlanta, 802 Grant Bui lding.Hastings Co.

*lLLmQI£*

Atlanta

INDIANA

Benton Review Shop FowlerBurns City Nurseries Burns CityHaas Home Nurseries Terre HauteHenby & Sons GreenfieldHohos & Son3 BridgeportMcElderry, Win. Prince tonReed, W. C. Vincennes Nursery VincennesSimpson & Sons Vincennes

I Of'A

Baumhoefener Nursery Cedar RapidsCapital City Nursery Des MoinesCedar Rapids Nursery Co. Cedar Rapids.Des Moines Nursery Co Des MoinesFerris Nursery HamptonField Seed Co. ShenandoahGardner Nursery Co. OsageGraham Nursery Co. Mechanicsvi1leMichael Seed Store. Sioux CityMount Arbor Nurseries ShenandoahShenandoah Nurseries ShenandoahSherman Nursery Co. Charles CitySnyder Bros. Inc. Center PointSuccessful Farming Des MoinesWragg Nurseries Des Moines

KANSAS

Abiline Nurseries AbilineAdair Bros. WathenaBernardin, E. P. ParsonsCarman Nursery Co. LawrenceCooper & Rogers WinfieldDixon, F. W. HoltonGriesa Nurseries LawrenceHinshaw, J. W, EurekaHolman, Bros. LeavenworthHolsinger Bros. RosddaleMt.Eope Nurseries LawrenceOliver, T. P. TopekaSkinner & Co. Topeka

15.

KANSAS (continued)

Stannard & Co. OttawaTaylor & Sons TopekaTaylor, M. L. PerryWatson & Co. TopekaW illis Nurseries Ottawa

KENTUCKY

Hillenmeyer & Sons LexingtonMcGinnis, A. A. Bowling GreenWilladean Nurseries SpartaWood, Stub Ids & Co. Louisville

MAP.YIAND

Allen Co. W. F. SalisburyAtlantic Nursery BerlinDavis Nurseries, Inc. BaltimoreHarrison Nurseries BerlinPeters, Chas. M. SalisburyKoclc Creek Nursery EOckvilleWestminster Nursery Westminster

MASSACHUSETTS

Adams Nursery Co. Springfield, Mass.American Forestry Co. 15 Beacon St. BostonBay State Nurseries North AbingtonBradley, Jas. WalpoleBreck Hobinson Nursery LexingtonCobb Co. FranklinF. & F. Nurseries SpringfieldFramingham Nurseries FraminghamKelsey, Harlan P. SalemWhiting Nursery Co. Boston

MICHIGAN

Baldwin, 0. A. D. BridgemanBenton Harbor Nursery - Co. Benton HarborBridgeman Nursery Co. BridgemanCampbell, Chester G. Paw PawCollins, W. E. FennvilleCoryell Nursery Co. BirminghamCutler & Downing Co. Benton HarborDunham, E. W, BarodaGreening Nursery Co. MonroeHollman, W, H. ColoiaaHamilton & Sons BangorIllg en fr itzes Sons. Co. MonroeKieth Bros. SawyerKnight & Sons SawyerMorse Co. St.Joseph

16.

MICHIGAN (continued)

Mutual Nurseries MonroeNelson & Son Baw PawPrudential Nursery Co. KalamazooPontiac Nursery Co. DetroitSpielman & Son AdrianWeller Nurseries HollandWeston & Co. BridgemanWhittens Nursery BridgemanWilliams, J. N. BridgemanWTolverine-Detroit Nurseries Detroit

MINNESOTA

Andrews Nursery FairbaultClinton Falls Nursery (XvatonnaFarmer Itfursery Co* MinneapolisFerodwill, Frank X. WayzataHolm & Olson St. PaxilJewell Nurseries Lake CityWedge Nursery Co. Albert Lea

MISSISSIPPI

United States Nursery Co. Rosaacres

MISSOURI

Creve Coeur Nursery CreveCoeurElmhurst Landscape & Nursery Co. Kansas CityHalsey Nurseries St.JosephNeosho Nurseries Co. NeoshoNew Haven Nurseries New HavenRosder Nurseries OsceolaSanders Nursery Co. 623 Clara Ave St»LouisStark Brothers. LouisianaWeber & Sons Nursery Co. NurseryWestover Nursery Co. ClaytonWild Bros. Nursery Co. Sarcoxie

NEBRASKA

Fields & Sons FremontHarrison Nursery Co. YorkHumphreys Nurseries HumphreysMarshall Bros. Co. ArlingtonPlumfield Nurseries FremontPuschendorf, Robt. South OmahaSonderegger Nurseries BeatriceWestrom Nursery Co. CtoahaYoungers, Peter Geneva

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Chase Co. Derry V illage

17.

HEW JERSEY.

Blair, Samuel NutleyBobbink & Atkins Eutherford

j Elizabeth Nursery Co. ElizabethGreen Acres Nurseries Newarkm ie , Willard. B. SwedesboroOuwerkerk, P. WeehawkenPrinceton Nurseries PrincetonEoehrs Co. EutherfordTaylor & Co. BochesterVan Belderen, K, M. Long Branch

NEW YORK

American City 154 Nassau St. New York CityAmerican Fruits Pub. Co. RochesterBaker, Bert Bloodgood. Nurseries

Hoosick FallsFlushing

Brown Bros Co. Eochester ~Bunga Fields Farms & Nurseries JericoCharlton & Sons Eochester-Charlton Nursery Co* EochesterBe la Mare Co. Inc. 433-448 W. 37th St. New York City.Folger, Jno. Bockville CentreFraser, Saitruel GeneseoGeorge, B. S. FairportGlen Bro3. Inc. EochesterGraham Nursery Co EochesterGreens Nursery Co EochesterGriffeth, E. B, FredoniaGrootendorst & Sons 10 Broadway, New York CityGrover & Co. EochesterHall Co. Inc. EochesterHart, Geo. E. Hartman & Sons

Lynbrook, L. I.Bansville

Hartung Bros. Jersey CityHicks & Son Westbury, L. I.Hooker Bros. EochesterHowe Campbell Nursery Co. EochesterHubbard Co. FredoniaJackson & Perkins Co. Newark

| Kelleher & Son Geneva| Kelly Bros. Wholesale Nursery BansvilleKeyel, Yfe. Brighton StationMaloney Bros, & Wells Co. BansvilleManey & Sayre Inc. GenevaMe Hutchins on & Co. 95 Chambers St. New York City.Means, W, G. GenevaBice Bros Co. GenevaEice & Co. W. H. 76 Dupont St. BuffaloBoe sch, L. FredoniaBo Ike r & Sons 51 Barclay St., New York City.Bouse & Son Eochester -S ch iffe r li Nurseries Fredonia

18,

NEW YORK (continued)

Smith Co. GenevaStuart & Co. Newark ~Swan Elver Nursery PatchogueUllyette Bros. Dansville "Vandergrift & Co. Whitehall St. New York CityWatson & Co* John Newark -1 estern N. Y* Nursery Co* Bochester -

OHIO

Baird & Hall TroyBaker, Chas* ?• PainesvilleBarnes Nurseries CincinnatiBohlender & Sons Tippecanoe CityCarrs Sons Yello SpringsChampion, H. J, PerryCole, W, B. PainesvilleDayten Fruit Tree Label Co. DaytonErnst Nurseries EatonHacker, E. A. Painesville "Hathaways Berry Plant MadisonH ill Top Nursery Co. CasstownJerIriLna & Son WinonaEohankie & Sons Painesville -Leedle Floral Co. SpringfieldLeonard & Sons PiguaMeBeth, Thos. SpringfieldMitchell & Son BeverlyNorman & Sons PainesvilleBeeves, E. A. South EuclidScharff & Sons CarlisleSibentnaler Nurseries Sioenthaler Ave & Catalpa Drive, DaytonStorrs & Harrison PainesvilleTemplin Crockstt & Bradley Co. Cleveland, 5700 Detroit Ave.Yandervort, P. C. WilmingtonWest, T. B. PerryXenia Star Nurseries Xenia.

OKLAHOMA

C. V. Nurseries BlackwellDurant Nursery Co. DurantParker, Jim. TecumsehWilliams & Harvey Tul3a

OREGON

Milton Nursery MiltonPilkington, J. B, Portland

PENNSYLVANIA •

Adams Co* Nursery The Aspens, Penn.Andorra Nursery Chestnut H ill. Philadelphia.

19.

fEHNSYLVANlA (continued)

Conrad & Jones Co. West GroveHerr, David S. LancasterHoopes Bros & Co. West Chester,LaBar, W. K. StroudsburgLeClare, j . F. I^3artMcFarland Publicity Service HarrisburgMeehan Co. DresherMeehan & Sons Germantown, PhiladelphiaMoon Co. M orrisvilleMorris Nursery Co. West Chester

TENNESEE

Cumberland Nurseries WinchesterForest Nursery Co. McMinnvilleGlove Nurseries BristolPoague, W* GraysvilleSouthern Nursery Co. Winchester

TEXAS

Baker, Bros. Ft.WorthBlack, M. G. Mt. PleasantGriffing Nurseries Port ArthurMunson Nurseries DenisonRamsey & Son AustinTeas, Edward HoustonTexas Nursery Co. ShermanThompson, J. M. WacoVerhalen, G. F. ScottevilleWaxahachie Nursery Co. Waxachie

VIRGINIA

Byrd Press Inc. RichmondHood & Co. Richmond

WASHINGTON

Washington Nursery Co. Topenish

WISCONSIN

3elo it Nursery Co. BeloitCo, Converse & Edwards Ft. AtkinsonEvergreen Nursery Co. Sturgeon 3ayMcKay Nursery Co. IvfedisonNorth Star Nursery Co. PardeevilieToole & Son BarabooWhite Elm Nurseries Oconomowoc

CANADA

Brown Bros. Co. Nurserymen, Ltd. Ontario

so.PANADA (continued)

Stone, & Wellington 43 Wellington St. E. Toronto.

21.List of the Nurseries in Ill in o is

Name

Exchange

Addams, Morgan & Co.Adrian, Isaac, 905 South St. Aiken, Frank Alpha Nursery Argast, J. F.Augustine & Co.Aurora Nursery Co.Barnard Co. W. W. 231 Madison St. Bates Bros.Beaudry Nursery Co.Beloit Nursery Co.B illings, A. D.Birks, G. S.Bloomington Nurseries Co.Bostian, Charles Bradley Bros.Brammerbush, C.Bridges, G. H.Bright & Sons, J. H.Brown, E. W.Bryant & Son. Arthur Buckbee, H. W.Burridge & Son, E. C.Burton, H. M.Capps Bros.Carbary, E. W.Chapman, H. 0.Cole, T. 1339 W, Washington St. Com Belt Nursery & Forestry Assn Cotta, H* H.Cunningham, C. M.Custer Bros.Daut Bros.Daut, Henry Denning, J. W,Dinr.eweth, Rene Dintelmann, L. F,Douglas, C. W,Douglas' Son3 Nursery, E.Downer, C. A, 7644 Ingelsiae A'-'Q• Driscoll, Dan Drummond, W, a .Foote, Joseph Forest Oak Nurseries Freeman, J. H.Gage, J. A.Gibbs, W. H.Giddings, E. V. D.Giering, L, A.Gogolinski, Dr. W. 1046

Mi lwauke e Ave.

Location Character of S

Paxton GeneralElgin StrawberriesDecatur GeneralAlpha n

Nauvoo StrawberriesNormal GeneralAurora H

. Chicago nWhitehall Berries & Gra

s Bldg. Chicago GeneralBeloit, Wis. GeneralNormal BerriesBockf ord GeneralBloomington GeneralAnna FruitMakanGa GeneralDecatur n

Galesburg IINormal BerriesAnna GeneralPrinceton GeneralBockf ord GeneralL ibertyv ilie n

Altnn n

Mt. Pulaski n

Elgin HFreeport itSpringfield it

.Bloomington flBockf ord IfNormal BerriesNormal GeneralDecatur GeneralDecatur Gene ralNormal BerriesE. Moline FruitB e lle v ille GeneralWaukegan ItWaukegan ftChicago nElgin itBosemond itLewiston ttQuincy tiEvanston ttTexico OrnamentalNormal GeneralEockford «Normal Berries

Chicago General

22.

Golf Nursery Glenview Small FruitGraves & Son Farini Small FruitGreenwood, Dr. J. S. Decatur BerriesGuenther, otto Staunton Shade treesHall, C. E. Alpha GeneralHall, S« E« Cherry Valley HHansen, Elmer Roselle ItHarvard Evergreen Nurseries Harvard tlHarvey & Sons Oak Park ftHeading, Theo, Lunt and Northwestern Ave. Chicago ftH ill Nursery Co. Dundee t!Hopedale Nurseries Hopedale nHopke, Edward Quincy BerriesIngels, Irvin Lafayette GeneralJackson, Vm. Godfrey tiJacksonville Nursery Co. JacksonvilleJerseyville Nursery Co. Jerseyville «Johnson, Frank Normal ttJohnson & Son, H. F, Normal ttJuerjens, Bruno, 2700 Perry Ave. Peoria itKadlec Nursery Evanston GeneralKankakee Nursery Co. Kankakee itKenilworth Nursery Co. 737 Buckingham Place, Chicago itKing Nurseries Wheaton ttKirchgaaber, A. L. Mattoon nKlehm's Nurseries Arlington Heights «Klepetko, John Cicero ttKrause Bros, Nursery, 7801 Jeffrey Ave. Chicago ttKryda, V. C. 3649 W. 22nd St. Chicago ttKurzdorfer, C, C. Ale do t!LaSalle County Nursery Co. IaSalle tlLarson, Samuel Hinsdale tlLeesley Bros. N. Crawford & Peterson Ave. Chicago. ItLeonard, G. W, 329 S. Spring St. Springfield IfLievens, Henry Atkinson ttL ittle ford , Nurseries Downers Grove ItLyon & Anderson Belvidere ftMacaulay, J. W. Golden Eagle Apple sMcCormick, C. H. Lake Forest GeneralMcJilton, E. L. Mt Carmel Sroall FruitMian del, Wm. Bloomington GeneralMaplehurst Nursery Antioch ttMarson & Co. 1743 W. 95th Place Chi cago ttMatzinger, Otto Sterling ttMaywood Nursery Co. Maywood t»Meyers, C. A. Alta Pass itMiddleton, C. W. Charleston Small FruitMierisch, Max Glenview GeneralM iller, Bell, F irst and Canedy St •s Springfield. *3eneralM iller, W. A. Decatur ttMissing, Link Apple Co. Clayton ttMorahn, G. W, Sandwich tt

Morris, Fruit Co. Morris BerriesMoosehea. t Nurseries Mooseheart GeneralNaperville Nurseries Naperville4 Nelson, Swain & Sons. 940 Marquette Bldg. Chicago

Generaltt

23.

Newendyke, J. Fulton FruitNorthfield Nurseries Glenview GeneralNorth Shore Nurseries Libe.; ty v ille IfNorth Star Nursery Co. Qoarga ItCharga Nursery Co. Cha-ga IIPage, L. D, Staunton IIPalmgren, C. A. Glenview ItPeacock, Co. 4013 Milwaukee Ave. Chicago ftPeterson, A. T. 718 College Ave. Wheaton ItPeterson's Nursery, 30 N. LaSalle St. Chicago ftPeterson, Swan Rockford 11Pfunds1 Nursery Elmhurst IfPohlman, B. B. Hillsboro IIPierce & Sons Nursery Antioch IIPorter Nurseries Evanston IfPoscharsky, Haul Princeton BerriesPottenger, J. 1m. 310 Cobh Bldg. Kankakee GeneralPottenger, M. A. 4135 Kedevale Ave, Chicago PerennialsPrescott, C. W, Chicago GeneralBathman, B. F. Hudson BerriesRavinia Nurseries Highland park GeneralEiehl, E. A. Alton Che stnutRiehl, E. H. Alton Chestnut & Mul*R iis, P. B. Rockf ord GeneralEingler Eose Co. 331 N. Randolph, Chicago tiRingwood Nursery Ringwood itEiver Grove Nursery, 7185 Grand Ave. Chicago itRoberts, G. F. L ibertyv ille nRowland, J. E. Elgin nRowley, H. E. Lac on Fruit & BerriesSaddler Bros. Nursery Bloomington GeneralSt.Charles Nursery & Greenhouse St.Charles tiSears, R. M. LaGrange StrawberriesSell3, Albert Fulton BerriesSchlappi, Ezra Zion City FruitSchoell, Bros. Nauvoo GeneralSchroeder, A. Noiual CatalpaSchroeder, F. 0. & Son. 2218 Clifton Place, Chicago GeneralSchreffler, M, Alma FruitSchulze, Albert Golden Eagle AppleSchulze, Fred Golden Eagle AppleSmith Brothers Greenville GeneralSmith, Ira, R. E. B. #5 Stark Bros. N. & 0. Co.

Decatur Small FruitPleasant H ill Fruit

Stein, Martin U. Decatur Berry PlantsStockmans, H. J. 1035 N. Waller St. Chicago GeneralS to ll, M. W. 1621 E, 74th St. Chicago itSurgeon, John Batchtown FruitSvedler, Frank Cicero GeneralSwains on, J. G. Quincy BerriesSw inbank, Win. Sycamore GeneralSword, & Son. lanark BerriesThomas, W, W. Anna FruitTownsend, Fred, Thawville Small FruitTurner, P. B. Jonesboro Strawberries.

24,

Waldron, S. B.Walz, Lonis Washburn & Sons Waters, Wrn.Weisenborn, Fred. K. F. E. #8 Weir, W. a.West Chicago Nurseries West Kenilworth Nurseries Wilkinson, Henley Wise Avenue Nurseries W'ittbold Nursery Wolke & Son, Charles S,

HamburgQuincyBloomingtonCharlestonQuincyGladstoneWest ChicagoWest KenilworthWhitehallFreeportEdgebroolc, Chicago Neoga

Fruit Berries General Small Fruit BerriesHGeneralnnnitit

25,

III ,

Opening an Office#

When opening an o ffice , an important factor is the location. This

must he considered from several points of view, namely the kind of work

desired, the amount of work to he done, the wealth of the community, and

the close proximity of labor and materials.

I f one expects to make a specialty of c ity planning and park work,

then the f ie ld best suited fo r this branch of the profession is a fa ir ly

large c ity (100,000 or more population), such as Detroit, Chicago, Cleveland,

or New York. A c ity of rapid growth and a prosperous business future would

be ideal as this is the type that takes defin ite steps in the development of

the community along the lines of Parks, Boulevards, Civic Centers, etc.

When one expects to develop 3mall c ity and country homes, public grounds

and general landscape work cn a small scale, then the location should be in

a medium sized town of a thickly settled community, surrounded by rich farm­

ing areas, thus affording abundant material from which to pick clien ts.

Before opening an o ffice i t would be very desirable to have the assurance

of a substantial c lien tele , so that the landscape architect w il l have enough

work to keep him busy a fter fin ishing the f i r s t job. The business end of

the work should be carefu lly watched and new clien ts should be so lic ited as

the d ifferen t jobs near completion. I f this is carefu lly watched, one w il l

never be out of work.

The furnishings of an o ffic e should be w ell within the arch itect's means.

It can be arranged very a ttractive ly without a great display of wealth and

fa lse prosperity. About eight out of every ten clien ts are interviewed at

their homes, which does not make i t necessary to have such a lavish o ffic e .

I f a partnership is to be formed, i t should be worked out in a business­

like manner and a defin ite understanding should "be arrived at "between the

parties as to the "business methods to be used. A further principle which

holds good when dealing with clients, is to have a defin ite understanding

as to the work to be done and the price to be paid, arid l i t t l e d iff icu lty

should be experienced in the execution of the work.

It is very d if f ic u lt fo r the professional man to put his name before

the public in a way that does not seem too commercial.

One method is by the use of announcements. This is a very formal way

of presenting one's se lf to the public and i t reaches only a lim ited number

cf people. The landscape Architect often inserts a professional card in

some wellknown magazine as a means of advertising.

The architect w il l often be called upon to write a rtic les for magazines

and newspapers which introduce him to the public. The be3t sort of adver­

tising is good work. I f on the f i r s t job, the landscape architect has

done his best work, and the c lien t is sa tis fied on its completion, l i t t l e

attention w il l have to be given to gaining publicity. Thru this satisfied

clien t the Landscape Architect w il l gain more publicity than thru ary other

medium.

I&king acquaintance both with prominent men of the profession and

in fluentia l men of the community is an asset. The Landscape Architect,

by his training, is in a position to be able to render his services in the

form of advice on subjects of public improvement. Doing this service fo r

the community w il l place him directly before the eyes of the public.

Cf ten time 3 he w ill be asked to address gatherings, such as Commercial,

Botary, and Women's Clubs. I t is a good policy to do a certain amount of

this free, but a lim it should be set as the public w ill ride a free horse

^ ------

27.

to death*

Business Announcements

1.

The following selection of business announcements and the discussion

of each w il l give the Landscape Architect an idea as to the contents and

extent of his particular announcement.

The f ir s t is a partnership announcement between Mr. Charles S, IcSure,

and Mr. Chanc S. H ill. This is an excellent announcement of its kind, as

i t introduces the partners, te lls of their education, and experience in

three short paragraphs. Their practice is presented in one paragraph, in

a b r ie f, but pleasing manner, and the announcement is then concluded with

a very appropriate quotation. More people w i l l read this announcement

and be more impressed with i t because i t is very direct and concise.

Announcement of the Forming of a Partnership

Mr. Charles S. LeSure and Mr. Chanc S. H ill wish to announce that they have entered into partnership fo r the professional practice of Landscape Archi­tecture, under the firm name of I«Sure and H ill.

Mr. LeSure and Mr. H ill are graduates of the University of I l l in o is in the School of landscape Architecture.

Mr. LeSure has fo r the past f iv e years been actively engaged in the practice of the profession, and Mr. H ill has been with Jens Jensen, Landscape Architect, of Chicago.

Practice.

The firm offers its services in the designing and revision of gardens, small c ity places, land subdivisions, coimunity planting, school grounds, large and small estates, town and v illa ge sites, public parks and squares, playgrounds and go lf courses, and also in a consulting capacity witn owners, architects, and engineers, and trustess of public and private properties.

220 Central National Bank Building Peoria, I llin o is .

February 10, 1315.

28.

Quotation

"God Almighty f i r s t planted a garden. And indeed, i t is the purest of human pleasures; i t is the greatest refreshment to the sp irits of man; without which -buildings and palaces are but gross handiworks; and a man shall ever see, that, when ages grow to c iv i l i t y and elegance, men come to build stately, sooner than to garden f in e ly ; as i f gardening were the greater perfection.

Lord Sac on - Of Gardens •

Mr, Thomas W. Heed announcing the continuance of his o ffice , gives a

very good example and should be very e ffec tive .

Announcement of Continuance of an Office.

Mr. Thoms W. Heed begs to announce that he w il l continue his present o ific e fo r the general practice of Landscape Architecture at 1C7 «es?tminister street, Providence, Rhode Island.

3.

The accompanying partnership announcement between Mr. Thomas ft. Heed

and Mr. E. H illard Brady, is another good example of the short, concise type

of announcement. No doubt this type w ill be read thru by more people than

i f i t went into lengthy details.

Announcement

Mr. Thomas W. Reed and Mr. E. Willard Brady, 2nd., beg to announce that they have formed a partnership under the firm name of Heed and Brady, and nave opened an o ffice fo r the general practice- of Landscape Architecture at 1424 Walnut Street, Philadelphia.

They o ffer their services as landscape architects to owners of private property, whether large or small; to c it ie s and towns; to o fx ic ia ls c c-n^rol of reservations, parks, playgrounds, squares, hospitals, or other public pro­perty; to people in charge cf schools, colleges, asylums, m ills, or factories, to railroad companies; to cemetery corporations or hotel proprietors; to real estate companies and voluntary improvement associations.

As a convenience to clien ts they w ill maintain an engineering force capable of making topographical surveys and of procuring data necessary to the prepar­ation of landscape designs.

4.

Messrs Ward and Jones have in their announcement given quite a lengthy

29,

discussion of the operation of their o ffices Due to the division into

various headings and to the excellent phrasing of the announcement, i t

w il l no doubt be given careful consideration by those reading i t .

The attractive oover sheet also adds interest to the announcement.

Announcement,

Messrs Frederick N« Ward and Charles P. Jones, Jr«, respectfu lly o ffer their services as Landscape Architects to owners of large or small estates,*to Park Commissions, Civic Improvement Societies and to other Institutions or persons interested in the laying out or development of land fo r beauty and convenience.

The practice of their o ffice includes the design of private estates, formal and informal gardens,garden furnishings, the grounds of country clubs ana educational institutions, the grounds about public buildings, parks and park­ways, play grounds, land subdivisions, advice upon forest culture, and consultation upon problems of c ity planning.

Mr, Bard and Mr, Jones beg to say that tueir technical training was ootcineu. in the Department of Landscape Architecture of the Graauate School of Applied Science of Harvard university, under the supervision of Professor Frederick Law Olmsted, and Professor James Sturgis Pray; Mr, *»ard, naving completed the work fo r the degree of Master in Landscape Architecture and h ving acted as Assistant in the Depax'tment fo r one and one naif yea^s;Mr. Jone3 having been enrolled fo r two years as a Special student of Landscape Architecture, was fo r se eral years previous, actively engaged in work as Engineer and Superintendent for several Landscape Architects in Boston,Both Mr. Ward and Mr. Jones have spent some time in the o ffice of Olmsted Bros. Landscape Architects, Brookline, Mass.

Professional Methods. The method employed upon each piece of work in hand may be b r ie fly explained as follows. A preliminary v is it and consultation with the c lien t upon the ground is usually the f ir s t step; and from tads v is i , a sketch plan is prepared, based upon a topographical survey. This plan is submitted at a later v is it , being intended to show in a rough, but clear way, the Landscape Arch itect's ideas of what may best be done in Conformity with the wishes of the clien t. The plan is discussed with him, ana changed wher- ever necessary. Therea ter more detailed plans are prepared, and Wuen a l l i3 decided upon, the work is put thru under the supervision of the Landscape Architect^ The plans, i t may be added, are so prepared that as much or as 11 tie of the work may be carried to completion as the c lien t at the time desires.

The Landscape Architects do not act as Contractors. I f the work is to be done by contract, as is generally the case, written specifications v.ilj. oe furnished, and the work completed by a re liab le Contractor, under the super­vision of the Landscape Architect.

30*

Planting Plans fo r large and small areas are supplied wher needed. The firm takes care to ascertain where the “best classes of plants needed can he obtained and in ordering, the clien t receives the advantage of the lowest wholesale rates* Ho commissions are taken from ijurserymen by the Landscape Architects, and no responsibility is assumed by them fo r damage in transportation or for their f a i l t re to grow.

Charges - It is sought to keep down expense for the c lien t as much as possible in the course of a l l work. Professional charges for work done w ill be made on the fee or percentage system. Landscape Architects, like Building Archi­tects, are en titled to a commission on a rtic les purchased under their direction, and a l l work carried out under their supervision. We usually prefer, however, to keej) separate the professional fee from the various items of expense attend­ant in the course of the work* This fee is intended to be the Landscape Arch itect’ s renompense for professional services, and is proportioned to the value to the c lien t of the advice rendered and plans furnsihed, plu3 the expense of travel, where the c lien t is at some distance from the city*

Where i t is possible at the outset, i t is oelieved that the oest results for the carrying out of the ideas of both the Architect and Landscape Ax*ciiitect, are secured by consultation together, — that the structure to be bu ilt may be in harmony with its surroundings, and the surroundings with the structure.

Correspondence is invited, and appointments fo r consultation and examination of the grounds w il l be made at the convenience of the owner*

5.*

The announcement of Messrs. Moore and Richardson is -undoubtedly too

long. It gives an excellent discussion of a l l d ifferen t phases of the

work, hut one tires of i t , i f not especially interested. A shorter dis­

cussion of professional charges is more advisable. This explanation snouln

he reads wher the c lien t is interviewed, as he w ill he more interested at

that time as to the methods of charges.

Announcement of practice.

The Landscape Arch itect's professional services consist of the necessary conferences; the preparing of reports, preliminary plans, working drawings, estimates and specifications and the general direction and supervision of the work.

A consultation with the clien t, to learn his wishes, ana a v is it to the ground, to learn the nature of the work, is an essential f i r s t step. This consultation and v is it obligates neither party to any further dealings.

In some cases instructions given on the ground, together with a sketch plan and a report, w il l solve the problem. I f further services are required such studies, plans, estimates and specifications as are necessary w il l he

31.

made. This further work w il l he based on a survey su ffic ien tly accurate to insure the correct preparation of plans.

Work outlined in reports, plans and specifications may he executed hy either of the following methods.

BY A C ATTRACTOR, with fre quant supervision hy the Landscape Architect or his re pre sen ta t i ve.

BY DAY LA3CSR, under the frequent supervision of the landscape architect and the direct supervision of a resident superintendent to he employed either hy the c lien t or the landscape architect.

The supervision of a landscape architect (as distinguished from the continuous personal supervision of a resident superintendent) means such inspection by the landscape architect, or his representative, of work in studios and shops, or work in process of construction, as he finds necessary to ascertain whether i t i 3 being executed in general conformity with is drawings, specifications and directions; He lias authority to re ject any work which does not so conform and to order its removal and reconstructions. He has authority to act in emergencies which may arise in the course of construction and to define the intent and meaning of drawings and specifications.

A l l h il ls a fter being approved hy the landscape architect w ill he forwarded to the clien t fo r payment.

Ho commissions are accepted hy the landscape architect from persons or companies supplying materials.

Drawings and specifications, as instruments of service, are the property of the landscape architect.

In a l l work the landscape architect acts as the clients agent. A ll business relating to the work should he transacted thru the landscape architect.

PROFESSIONAL CHARGES

Charges w ill vary with the character of the work and w ill he based on the following methods:

A STATED FEE fo r stated professional services.

A STATED FEE fo r professional advice and a general plan; a further charge for working drawings, specifications and supervision.

A PERCENTAGE CHARGE based on the tota l cost* of executing the work.

♦The tota l cost is to he interpreted as the cost of a l l materials and labor necessary to complete the work, plus a l l expenses and contractor's p ro fits , a3 such cost would he i f a l l materials and labor were fu lly paid fo r at market prices.

32.

The percentage charge w il l vary with the amount and character of the work to he done and w il l he determined for each undertaking. It w il l include the rpfessional fee ; the cost of preparing a l l the necessary sketches, working drawings and specifications^ and the supervision of the work.

'Where the landscape'architect is not otherwise retained consultation fees for professional advice are to he paid in proportion to the importance of the questions involved and the services rendered.

I f , a fter a defin ite scheme has heen approved, changes in drawings, spec ifi­cations, or other documents are required by the clien t the landscape arcni- tect shall he paid fo r such additional services.

Payments to the landscape architect are due as his work progresses. The time when they are due w ill depend upon the method of professional charges adopted and w il l he stated in the terms of the agreement.

A ll necessary traveling expenses of the landscape architect or his representa­tive ; a l l telephone ca lls and telegrams relating to the work; and a l l fees for the advice of specialists, whose services cay he necessary, are to he paid hy the clien t.

The professional fee is the ah cunt paid to the landscape architect fo r his professional services andrdoes not include the salaries of assistants unless so stated.

Professional Cards.

The following forms of professional cards era a l l in very good taste

and as stated before, are a very desirable means of gaining publicity.

The card should contain the arch itect's name, business, and address with­

out going into lengthy details.

I.

Arnold and TrippLandscape ArchitectsCity Planning, Land Subdivisions,City Iferks, Institution Grounds,

Private Estates.Guardian Building, Cleveland, Ohio.

I I .

Louis S. Cole.Landscape Architect 14 E. Jackson Blvd.,Chicago, I llin o is .Specialist in City Planning, Play Grounds, Parks, and Cemeteries.

33.

I I I .Geo. 3. Moulder Landscape Architect Nashville, Term.In charge of the Landscape Division of Nashville 's splendid Park System. A portion of ny time is available by other parties for consultation and drawing plans fo r any kind of ornamental grounds.

IV.

Sheffield A. ArnoldLandscape ArchitectLand SubdivisionsCity Parks, Institution GroundsPrivate Estates50 3ronfield St. Boston, Mass.

V.

William E. CutlerLandscape Architect and DesignerOrnamental Gardening, Beautifying Homes,Sural D istricts, Towns, Schools,Yards, Parks, and Playgrounds.Boulder, Colorado.

VI.

Victor A. Pdgaumont City Planner76-79 Vandergrift Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Municipal Buildings,Parks and Playgrounds,Thoroughfares - -Transportation

VII.

Clark and PikeLandscape Architects and Engineers Willoughby, Ohio.

V III.

Blaney & 3laney,Landscape Architecture and Town PlanningBrattle Building, Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. Parks and Playgrounds, Seal Estate Subdivisions, Cemeteries, Private Estates.

34.

IV.

, Professional Methods

Professional methods of charge vary greatly in d ifferen t lo ca lit ie s of

tne United States. In the East the Landscape Architects adhere very closely

to s tr ic t ly professional methods, while fa r th e r Viest the methods seem to be

more lax, and verge at times onto contracting methods.

Eie following metho s of professional charges have been adopted by

the American Society of Landscape Architects, These methods were drawn up

oy a committee composed of some of the biggest men in the profession.

Methods of Professional Charge

The value of the Landscape Architect’ s services and the amount of his charges

vary with the experience and reputation of the practitioner and also with the

character of the work upon which he is employed.

The American Society of Landscape Architects approves the following methods

of Charge as adapted to d ifferent types of work, and to the withes of d iffe r ­

ent c lien ts :

a. A fixed sum fo r stated pro essional services. By this method a separate

charge may be made fo r each v is i t and plan, or a stated charge made fo r tota l

professional services, including.plans.

b. A per-diem charge fo r the time of the Landscape Architect and of his assist­

ants for v is its and consultations or fo r supervision of work being executed,

(not including charges fo r plans.)

c. A per-acre charge, covering to ta l professional services, fo r development of

large country estates, real estate subdivisions, parks and institu tional

properties, but excluding smaller suburban home grounds and gardens.

35.

d. A percentage charge on the "to ta l cost11* of the work executed, and varying

with the amount of work to be executed within a defin ite period. Except in

large undertakings the rate is higher than fo r the services of architects on

buildings in order to provide adequate compensation to the Landscape Architect

fo r corresponding time and s k ill.

e. A lump-sum fe e to cover tota l professional charges and expenses required for

the execution of a specific problem and to be determined in advance by the

Landscape Architect a fter consultation with the c lien t.

An annual retaining fee or salary adapted to professional services rendered

municipal or other public corporations and to cover charges fo r professional

services in an advisory capacity often essential in the gradual development

and wise maintenance of landscape problems during and following the in it ia l

ex® cut ion of the work.

In any of the foregoing methods except "A Lump Sum Fee” expenses are usually

rendered as additional charges. Such expanses may be defined by individual

agreements. They normally include some or a l l of the following items:

traveling and liv in g expenses of the Landscape Architect and of his assistants

while away from the o ffic e ; long distance telephone calls, telegrams; express

charges, prints and photographs; fees for services of specialists when required

and authorized by the clien t; other special disbursements authorized by the

c lien t; and under methods a, c, and f , a charge fo r time of assistants while

engaged on work authorized by the c lien t; When the work of more than one

c lien t is v is ited on any one trip, traveling and liv in g expenses are propor­

tioned among the works v is ited .

^ charge (determined beforehand, i f desired) may be made fo r a preliminary

v is it , whether or not followed by a report, sketch or plan.

36.

In case of the abandonment or suspension of the work, payment is due the

Landscape Architect in proportion to the services rendered.

Payments are due according to b i l ls rendered either at monthly intervals or

at stages of the work when i t is possible to determine charges fo r professional

services and expenses to date as the work progresses.

♦Hie to ta l cost of the work is to be interpreted as the cost of a l l labor

and materials necessary to complete the work, plus a l l transportation charges,

plu3 contractor's p ro fits and expenses as such cost would be i f a l l materials

were purchased new and a l l labor fu lly paid for at market prices current when

these were ordered.

Contracting Method

Contracting methods are purely commercial and in some lo ca lit ie s seem

to be coming mors and more into use. Cne cause for this change from profess­

ional to contracting methods is due to the competition given the trained land­

scape architect by various nurserymen, gardners, and so called quack Land­

scape Gardners. These men contract a l l of their jobs and in order to suppress

this element in the profession, when opening an o ffice i t is necessary to meet

them on the same terms.

Jobs may be contracted by bids or the lump sum method, and also by

the cost plus method. The percent charged is on the tota l cost of construction

ard the number of percent depends en tirely on the size of the job.

37.

V.

OFFICE SYSmS

F iling Systems.

A suitable system of f i l in g plans is a necessity fo r every landscape

o ffic e .

There are several d ifferen t f i l in g systems fo r the plans and i t depends

on the size and nature of the business which ones to adopt.

Plans that have not been carried out to completion should be f i le d in

such a manner that they can be reached easily and without confusion. This

set of plans upon which work is yet to be done, which we ca ll l iv e ones, should

be f i le d separately from the dead ones or those that have been completed and

in a l l probability w il l not be used for some time.

Pigeon Hole System

An excellent f i l e fo r dead plans is the pigeon hole system. Vertical

or horizontal pigeon holes may be used, but the la tte r affords more room, which

is a very important point to consider, especially when the o ffic e is small

and one is a b it cramped for space. The dead plans are ro lled and wrapped

in a tough wrapping paper. Each ro ll is numbered and f i le d in the pigeon

holes according to the index. 3y referring to the index, one is then able

to locate any plan at any time.

The ro lls may also be placed in an especially constructed pasteboard

cylinder four feet long by three inches in diameter. A cap f i t s over the end

and on this the index number or the legend of the contents may be printed.

This makes a very satisfactory f i l e as a l l of the ro lls then become uniform.

Plans that are s t i l l being used may be rolled, numbered and f i le d on

open shelves or in pigeon holes according to a suitable index.

38.

Vertical Cabinet System

(Beck F ile )

A vertica l f i l in g cabinet is often used and fo r economy of f lo o r space

i t has no equal.

The top of the cabinet opens up and the front fa l ls to an angle of 45°

allowing easy access to the heavy manilla envelopes. These envelopes are

suspended on horizontal rods that f i t in a groove at each side of the cabinet

thus holding the envelop in a vertica l position when the f i l e is closed. When

open the envelopes to be used are removed from the vertica l position and hung

by the rods on small brackets on the door. In this position, the envelop can

be opened and the contents examined with l i t t l e confusion. Bach en\elop is

indexed and the plans are f i le d accordingly. These envelopes are four fee t

long by three fee t wide, thus accomodating fa ir ly large drawings.

This type of f i l in g cabinet is a very good one fo r large plans, and fo r

renderings on heavy paper that are hard to r o l l into a compact r o l l .

Flat System

Sliding shelves about four by three fee t are very convenient fo r f i l in g

plans. This is a very good system fo r a few plans but i f large numbers are

to be f ile d , i t is quite hard to locate a plan when wanted. On each shelf

are placed three or four heavy manila envelopes the size of the shelf, and the

plans are f i le d in these according to shelf and envelop number. This is also

a very desirable f i l e fo r renderings that cannot he ro lled conveniently.

Employment

In an o ffice that is turning out a great deal of work there w il l he an

equal amount of correspondence connected with i t . A competent stenographer

should be employed to do this typing, a3 well as answer ca lls and keep the

books up to date. The bookkeeping system for the landscape o f f ic e is not_____

39.

complicated and as the number of accounts on the hooks at one time i 3 very

small, i t should not take very much of her time.

Women draftsmen in the landscape o ffice are being used more and more

each year, and many of them that are better qualified are opening o ffices and

even superintending construction and planting on large jobs. A few years ago

many of the prominent landscape men of this country would not consider women

as draftsmen in their o ffices , but today they are anxious to get them. Many

women of the profession today are rea l a rtis ts and excellent designers.

Unless the woman is very clever i t is hard fo r her to go on a construction

job and handle a gang or workmen, especially the type that are found doing that

kind of work today.

In the past, men have done most of the drafting in the landscape o ffices .

The greater percent of them are able to superintend construction work and

fo r th i3 reason fewer of them w ill be confined to o ffic e work alone. Moat

of the draftsmen found in landscape o ffices are there fo r few year's experience

so that they cay open an o ffice of their own.

For the lan scape o ffice that does a great amount of work where an accur­

ate survey is needed, i t is real economy to have its own engineer. Thi3 w i l l

assure one of an engineer at any time. I f there is not enough work of this

kind to keep the engineer busy, engineering firms w il l do the work fo r approxi­

mately $10.00 per day and expenses, which is very reasonable. The smaller

surveys and engineering work can be taken care of by the landscape man or any

one of his assistants. The landscape architect is able to make large surveys

and topographical maps, but in view of the fact that he uses the instruments

so l i t t l e , lie is not a3 quick with them as the engineer. This question of a

saving of the arch itect's time is therefore a very important one, and should

be taken into consideration.

40.

VI.

Contracts and Specifications

The following contract and specifications are fo r a complete landscape

job. These have been written up to show just what work comes under the

Landscape Arch itect's supervision and to give a suggestion as to proper forms

of presentation.

CONTRACT AND SPECIFICATION

For work to be done On the estate of__________ _____________ _

in the c ity of ______________________ ____________________________________ .

ARTICLE I.

This Agreement, made and concluded th is _____________ day o f _______________

in the year_____ _ by and between_____ _______________________ __ o f ________________

_________________________________ , party of the f i r s t part, and___ ________________

of _____________________________ _ party of the second part:

Witnesseth, that for and in consideration of the payments and agreements

hereinafter mentioned, to be made and performed by the party of the f i r s t part,

the said party of the second part agrees with the said party of the f i r s t part

a t ______________ own proper cost and expense, to do a l l work and furnish a l l

m ateria ls c a lle d fo r by thi3 agreement, in the manner and under the conditions

hereinafter specified and to the satisfaction of ______________ . Landscape

Architect, of _____________ , ______________

AETICLE I I .

Section 1. Yfork to be Done.

The work to be done consists o f:

Subgrading Driveway (Tarvia)Preparation of planting areas Preparation of lawn areasSpreading topsoil Sodding

41.

(Work to "be done, continued)

Brick walks and steps Stepping stones Gravel Walk Wooden Gate

Section 3. Subgrading;

Extensive subgrading over the entire lo t w il l not be necessary as the

rough grading is to be done by the house reason, but soxae moderate adjustments

of the subgrade w il l probadly be necesaary, together with that fo r the drive,

planting areas and walks. As much of this work as is necessary is to he done

by the contractor fo r the landscape work and included in his estimate. Where

any of this work is necessary i t is to be done in the following manner :-

Where the surface of the ground is to be regraded the subgrade is to be formed

by excavating and f i l l in g to the required grades. A l l f i l l in g material is to

be freed from debris, or any material liab le to decay and so cause a settlement

in the surface, and said f i l l in g material is to be deposited in layers not

over eight (3") inches in depth. Each layer being well compacted to form a

solid f i l l .

The subgrade fo r the d ifferen t areas is to be at the following depths

below the finished grade:-

Lawn areas 4"Planting areas 13"Gravel walk 6"Brick walk 6"Driveway 6"

Section 3. Tarvia Driveway

Construct driveway where shown on Plan #____ and according to these speci­

fica tions. lhe subgrade of the drive shall be six (6 " ) inches below the

finished grade. Before the base course of stone is spread the subgrade of

the road shall be shaped to cross section by excavating and f i l l in g and thor­

oughly ro lled with a steam ro lle r or a heavy horse ro lle r until i t is hard

and smooth and para lle l to the finished surface. Upon this surface is to be

42.

spread a "base course of crushed lime stone four (4” ) inches thick, free from

a l l dust and d irt and which w il l pass thru a three (3") inch ring hut w il l oe

retained hy a one ( l " ) inch ring. This is to he 3pread and thoroughly ro lled

until i t ceases to wave in front of the ro lle r and is thoroughly compactea and

settled and is the required depth. The finished surface of this layer shall

he smooth and free from any irregu larities and two (2 " ) inches oelow tne pro­

posed finished grade of the drive. Upon this course Tarvia X i 3 to oe evenly

spread at the rate of one and one-half gallons (la ) to the square yarn, neated

to a temperature of not less than 200 degrees F. nor more than 300 degrees F.

Upon th i3 surface a layer of two (2") inches thick S ilica Gravel (Furnished hy

the Cleveland Macadam Company, and known as 4 to jg" S ilica Gravel) is to oe

spread and thoroughly ro lled until i t ceaoe3 to wave in front of the ro lle r .

Then Tarvia X at the rate of not less than one half ( f ) gallon to the square

yard and heated to a temperature of not less than 200 degrees F. nor more than

300 degrees F. is to he applied and evenly spread on the surface. Then a thin

covering of S ilica Gravel is to he spread over this surface and ro lled until

i t is thoroughly compacted. A sufficient amount of sand or screenings shall

he le f t upon the surface to protect the drive while i t is setting up. The

stone shall he spread freer, dumping hoards and in no case shall the stone or

gravel he dumped d irectly upon the suhgrade or the layer already spread. A ll

stone and gravel used shall he in quality and every other respect satisfactory

to the Landscape' Architect, and shall he hard, duraole, and free from a l l d irt

and other foreign matter.

A ring ro lle r w ill not he allowed on Mae work.

Section 4. Preparation of Planting Areas .

Prepare planting areas where shown on the plan and in the following manner:

Semovs subsoil to a depth of one (1 ') foot below the finished grade. After

these areas have been brought to the proper aubgrade they are to be f i l l e d in

with good clean topsoil freed from a l l sticks, stones, over two fe” ) inches in

mm r /»r ^

43,

diameter and other ohjectienable material. Upon these areas is to he spread

and well spaded in, a layer of well rotted "barnyard manure at tne rate of

twenty (20) cords to the acre. The heds are to he le f t free from a l l sticks

and stones hut need not he raked.

Tree holes are to he prepared in the same manner as specified io r plant­

ing areas except a hole three fee t in diameter and tnwe fee t deep is to oe

dug and upon the bottom is to he placed a layer of well rotted hariiyard manure

one foot deep, then i t i 3 to he f i l l e d in with good clean loam and manure laixedi

Section 5, Preparation of Lawn Areas.

During the spreading of the topsoil, a l l lawn area3 are to have well rot tec.

harnyard manure spaded in over their whole area at the rate of twenty cor„s to

the acre. A ir slacked lime at the rate of thirty (30) bushels to the acre is

to he spaded into the top-soil at this time also. Then the lawn areas are to

be w ell raked and ro lled to the required grade, and are to he seeded at the

proper time with the following mixture of grass seed scattered at the rate of

50 pounds to the acre.

20 pounds Red Top (relleaned)20 pounds Kentucky Blue Grass (rscleaneu)10 pounds TShite Clover (recleaned)

After the seed is sown the lawn is to he given a fin a l ligh t raking ana rolling,

and any spots where the seed lias fa iled to grow within three weeks a fte r the

completion of the work, are to he reseeded by the Contractor without extra

expense to the Owner.

Section 6 . Spreading Topsoil.

Spread topsoil to the required depth over a l l areas to he in lawn or

planting areas. The so il is to he freed from a l l roots, sticks, stones over

two (2 ") inches in diameter and any other material that w i l l in terfere with

good cultivation. Lawn areas are to he thoroughly raked and freed from a i

stones that can he raked out near the surface. Topsoil is to he spread to

44

su ffic ient depth above proposed grades to allow fo r settlement, so that the

surface w ill not f a l l below the grades shown on the drawings. Any deficiency

of topsoil to give the proper depth is to be made up by the Contractor without

extra charge to the Owner.

Section 7. Sodding.

Lay a strip of good clean pasture sod one (1 ') foot wide around the edges

of a l l planting areas, walks, drives. A l l sod is to be set flush with the

adjacent surface and thoroughly rammed in place.

Section 8 . Brick Walks and Steps.

Construct brick walk and steps where shown on the drawings and according

to these specifications and the deta il drawings. Excavate to the required

subgrade fo r the brick walk and upon the subgrade spread and thoroughly tamp

a layer of cinders two (2” ) inches thick. Upon this lay a foundation of

concrete composed of cement one part, sand two part3, ana stone four parts.

This is to be rammed and tamped until i t is thoroughly compacted and settled,

flhen i t is dry a sand cushion one half ( t " ) inches thick is to be spread and

the bricks are to be la id on this in Portland Cement mortar and in the pattern

shown in the deta il drawing. The bricks are to be la id with wide jo ints be­

tween them to correspond with those in the house walls.

Brick Steps: Construct brick steps on the west side of the house in the

location shown on the plan and according to the deta il drawing and these speci­

fications. The foundation of the steps is to extend into the ground at least

three (3 ' 6 ") fee t and six inches, and is to be bu ilt of fireproofing t i le la id

in cement mortar, to within three (3") inches of the finished grade. Upon

this foundation the 3teps and brick ramps are to be of a kind and quality to

match those used in the house walls and la id in cement mortar with jo in ts to

correspond to those in the house walls. Second grade brick or fireproofing

t i le may be used as a f i l l e r in the ramgss. For a detail of the brick work

45.

on the top of the coping and the steps see drawing #____ .

Chly good sound brick are to be used in the exposed surfaces and no bats nor

irregular bricks w i l l be allowed. Bricks are to be la id in the same bond as

is used in the house walls. A l l work is to be none in a thoroughly .orknan-

like manner and to the satisfaction of the Landscape Architect.

Section 9. Stepping Stones.

The short Stepping stone walk from the small gate at the north end of the

house to the driveway may be made of flagstones. These stone3 are to be appr

ornately of size 18" x 15" set twentysix (26") inches on centers, but i t is de­

sired to have them as irregular as possible; therefore these stones may be

broken and set in an irregular way with wide joints to allow grass to grow be­

tween them. Each stone is to be set on a bed of sand t>3ee (3") inches thick,

and when in place the exposed face is to be flush with the adfacent lawn sur­

face.

Section 10. Wooden Gate.

Construct and erect a wooden gate at position indicated on plan # _____ _

and according to measurements and details on plan #____•

Section 11. Gravel Walk.

It is proposed to build a gravel walk from the foot of the terrace steps

on the west side of the house to the Parkway Walk, but the exact location has

nfct been decided upon as yet. f t i® desired that the Contractor give a

figure per square yard fo r constructing a gravel walk four (4 ') fe e t wide with

a four (4") inch stone foundation and surfaced with two (2") inches of good

binding gravel. The walk w ill probably be about seventy-five fee t long but

this distance is approximately stated only and subject to cnange.

Section 11a. removing Tree.

The cherry tree on north side of the house marked to be cut is to be

removed and the stump ana roots thoroughly grabbed out, the hole f i l l e d and

46.

the surface of the ground le f t at the correct grade.

GENERAL CLAUSES

Section 12. Time of Commencement

The work is to confluence immediately upon the execution of this contract,

and is to he d iligen tly carried on until completion in such order as may be

described by the Landscape Architect.

Section 13. Sanitary Provisions and Regulations.

The Contractor shall provide su ffic ient and suitable sanitary conveniences

where directed by the Landscape Architect. He shall also enforce s tr ic t sani­

tary regulations upon his workmen. These provisions and regulations must be

approved by the Landscape Architect. I f the Contractor fa i ls to carry out

promptly and thoroughly the above provisions the Landscape Architect has the

power to provide the conveniences and enforce the regulations at the expense

of the Contractor; the expense so caused to be deducted from any money that may

be or become due him.

Section 14. Lines and Grades.

The Oner is to employ an Engineer to stake out the principal lines and

grades, but the Contractor is to furnish free of charge a l l temporary structures

as may be necessary fo r making and maintaining points and lines given by the

Engineer fo r building the work, arid is to give him such f a c i l i t i s and materials

fo r giving said lines and points as he may require. I f these lines, grade

stakes, or batters are lost thru the carelessness of the Contractor of any of

his men, such lines, grade stakes or batters shall be replaced at the expense

of the Contractor.

Section 15. Contractor.

The Contractor shall furnish a l l material, labor, transportation, tools,

e tc ., o f every description required fo r the fu l l performance of the work herein

specified, except as otherwise particu larly mentioned. He shall keep a compe-

47

tent foreman on the premises, shall not sublet any part of the work without the

written consent of the landscape Architect, shall obtain a l l necessary permits

to properly carry out his work, paying the lawful fees therefor; shall give to

the proper authorities a l l requisite notices relating to. the work in his charge,

shall a fford the Landscape Architect fa c i l i t ie s fo r inspection, shall be respon­

sible fo r a l l v io lation of the law or damage to persons or property caused by

him or his employees, and shall properly protect his work during progress.j

Whenever the Contractor is not present on any part of the work where i t is

desired to give directions, orders w ill be given by the landscape Architect and

shall be obeyed by the Superintendent or Foreman who may have charge of the

particular work in reference to which the orders are given.

Whenever the word CXmer is u3ed in this contract, i t shall be understood

to mean the Owner of the Estate upon which the work is to be done,_____________

" Whenever the work Landscape Architect is used, i t shall be unuerstood

to mean, ______________ , or his authorized assistants, lim ited by the particular

duties entrusted to them.

Whenever the word Contractor is used, i t shall be uriderstood to mean the

person or persons who have entered into this contract as party of the second

part, or his or their legal representatives.•

Section 16. Drawin s and Plans.

The drawings and plans referred to in these specifications consist o f:

Ho.10-1 SurveyNo.10-3 Grading PlanHo.10-4 Cross SectionsNo.10-5 ProfilesHo.10-5 DetailsHo.10-7 Detail fo r GateHo.10-No. 10-

A ll these drawings are intended to cooperate with and form a part of the

specifications and the accompanying contract. Where figures are given they an

to be followed in preference to the measurements by scale. Anything which is

48.

not shown on the drawings but which! is mentioned in the specifications, orf

vice versa, or anything not expfessly set forth in either, but which is< • ' '

reasonably implied shall be furnished as though specially shown and mentioned

in both. Should anything be omitted from the drawings or specifications v/hich

is necessary to a clear understanding of the work, or should an error appear,C . 4

either in the various instruments furnished in the work done by other contract-

ors, a ffecting the work included in this specification i t shall be the duty of• * ' - . \

the Contractor to notify the Landscape Architect. In the event of the Con­

tractor fa ilin g to give such notice, he shall make good any damage or defect

in his work caused thereby. / •. u

Secti r. 17. Obstruction and Repair.

At any time directed by the landscape Architect, the Contractor shall} ‘

clear out any of his rubbish or material which may constitute an obstruction

to the progress of the work, and at completion shall clear out a l l rubbish

and :surplus material l e f t by him, shall repair any damage to his work, no

matter by whom caused, and leave the premises clean and in perfect' order as

fa r as his work is concerned. / , . '

Section 18. Award.

The Owner reserves the right to accept or re ject any or a l l the proposals

presented.

Section 19« Amount of Y«ork.

The work called fo r bje these plans and specifications may be increased

or diminished, but no extras w il l be allowed unless ordered in writing by

the landscapo Architect and the price agreed upon in Advance, and in event of

work being diminished deductions 3hall be made from the price named herein

fo r the amount sp ec ified -^ the landscape Architect.

Section 30. Payment.

On. the f i r s t day of each month during the progress of the work the Owner

49.shall pay to the Contractor a sum equal to eighty (80^) percent of the value

of the work done and the material furnished during the preceding month, and

the balance th irty days a fter the completion of the work,

.Provided that the Contractor shall obtain a ce rtifica te from the Landscape

Architect, fo r each of these payments, setting forth th it the payment is pro­

perly due. Such ce rtifica te is in no v/ay to lessen the responsibility of the

Contractor nor exempt him from l ia b i l i t y to make good any work or material

afterward found to be defective before the fin a l acceptance of the work. And

the said Contractor further agrees to receive and accept the following prices

as fu l l compensation for furnishing a l l material, and fo r doing a l l the work

contemplated and embraced in this contract. Also for a l l loss and damagev

arising out of the nature of the work aforesaid or from the action of the

elements, or from any unforeseen d iff ic u lt ie s or obstructions which may rise

or be encountered in the prosecution of the work until its acceptance by the

Landscape Architect acting for the Owner. And fo r a l l risks of every descrip­

tion connected with the work also fo r a l l expense encurred by or in consequence

of the suspension or discont 'nuance of the work as herein specified, and fo r

w ell and fa ith fu lly completing the work, and the whole thereof, in the manner

and according to the plans and specifications, and the requirements of the

Landscape Architect under them, to w it:-

For a l l work under this contract and these specifications the sum of

____________________________________ dollars.

And i t is also understood and agreed that, in case of any alterations, so

much of this agreement as is not necessarily affected by such alterations shall

remain in force.

And the said Contractor hereby further agrees that the payment of the

fin a l amount due under this contract, and the adjustment of the b i l l rendered

fo r work done in accordance with any alteration of the same, shall release the

50

s a ia _______________ ___ ____________________________ from any or a l l claims or

l ia b i l i t ie s on account of work performed, under this contract or any a lte ra ti n

thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties to these presents have set their hands

and seals th is ___________ day of ______________ in the yea r____ .

Owner

Contractor

Examined and found to be correct.

Landscape Architect*

51.SPACE REQUIRED FOR OUT DOOR GAMES

To the Landscape Architect data on space required fo r outdoor games is a valuable b it of information to add to his library. I fe y of the followingareas are standard and for the remainder, the most desirable areas are given.

For track and f ie ld events a blue print drawn to scale w il l be found at tire end of this discussion. This shows the size of areas and how to lay them out properly.

BASKETBALL:O ffic ia lly the tota l playing area should not exceed 4000 square fee t.

The ideal size is 50 x 80 fee t playing space with two fee t extra at each end under the baskets.

CRICKET:Is played on f ie ld s of many shapes and sizes. A c irc le , square or broad

oblong is the best. 580 fee t square would be a large fie ld , 420 fe e t square a small f ie ld .

CROQUET:30 x 60 fee t, though a good friend ly game can be played on almost any

f la t lawn.

CURLING:139 fee t 5 inches in length at least (better 150 feet, though games are

played on rinks not over 100 fee t long), 24 fee t in width, though a l i t t l e less is possible.

GOLF:Not less than 40 acres fo r a nine hole course. 100 acres accomodates an

18 hold course very n icely. A nine hole course should not be less than 3000 yards, while an eighteen hole course should range from 6000 to 63000 yards.

EQUESTRIAN POLO:450 by 950 fee t, although games are often played on smaller fie ld s .

FIELD HOCKEY:150 to 180 fee t wide, 300 fee t long, with about a 30 foot space additional

behind goal lines. Can be played on footba ll f ie ld .

ICE HOCKEY:At least 58 by 112 fe e t.

FOOTBALL: (American In tercollegiate)300 fee t be tween goals with at least 30 fee t back of each goal line.

160 fee t wide, preferably with 10 fee t or more beyond each side line.

FOOTBALL: (Soccer)Bradth 150 to 300 fee t; length 300 to 390 fee t. Can be played on a

footba ll f ie ld .

LACROSSE:330 up to 375 fee t in length. width not specified, but 160 fe e t is good.

Needs no more clear space outside of actual playing area. Can be played on footba ll f ie ld .

52

urn BOWLS:120 by 120 would give an ample bowling green. Space fo r one rink should

be 120 fe e t long and from IS to 21 fee t wide.

LAM TENNIS:Actual playing area 73 by 35 feet. An allowance of 3D fee t on each side

and 20 fee t on each end is necessary.

QUOITS:54 fee t between motts; clay c irc le about each mott, 2 feet or more in

diameter. Pitch 10 fee t wide and 10 fee t clear back of motts, more or less according to the s k ill of players.

■ROQUE:30 by 60 feat.

53

VII.

B00E5 FOR OFFICE REFERENCE

"Tien opening an o ffice i t should, he the ambition of every landscape archi­

tect to have a well balanced library.

The following books have been selected as excellent references on the

various subjects that w il l confront tbs practicing landscape architect.

A selection of one or two books from each subject covered may meat the

arch itect's demands, and this raay be added to at his convenience. Quite a

large l i s t of bu lletins not mentioned here are issued by the department of

Agriculture. These bulletins treat various subjects of interest to the

Landscape Architect and i t might be well to add this collection to your

library.

54

BOOKS FOE OFFICE BEFEEENCE

I. Design,

i* M ka. "Hie work of Charles A. P la tt."d. "diaries E liot, Landscape Architect."c. Gardens of Bigland - E. T. Cookd. Some Ita lian Gardens - Jebyll and Elgoode. Country Estates - Jekyllf . The Art and Craft of Garden Making - Mawson

2* ?arks.a. Parks, their design, equipment and use - Burnapb. Civic Art - Mawsonc. Plan of Minneapolis, 1917.

3. Playgroundsa. Civic Art - Mawsonb. A Normal Course in Play - Proceedings of 3rd An. Conf. of

Playground Assn, of America.c. Public Playgrounds of Louisville (Ey) bulletins.d. Beport of the Public Playgrounds Commission of Philadelphia (Pa.)

April 1310.e. Playground technique and Playcraft - Leland.

4. Golf Coursesa. Turf fo r Golf Courses - Piper and Oakleyb. The Book of Golf and Golfers - Hutchinson

5* -SaaaiaEl&aa. Park and Cemetery Magazineb. Small burial grounds - Garden and Forest, 1339c. Cemeteries - Garden and Forest, 1888d. Parks and Gardens of Paris - Bobinson.

6 . Land Subdivisionsa. American Architect, 1909 - Bayberry Point, L. I.b. American Architect, 1912 - Forest H ills Gardensc. American City, 1911 - Hampton Parkd. Ian 'scape Architecture, 1910-11 - A Town Planning Problem, Pope.

7. Gardensa. The art and craft of garden making - Mawsonb. American Gardens - Lowellc. Gardens for small country homes - Jekyll and Weaverd. The Gardens of England - Holme (Studio yearbook)e. Gardens old and new - Ley land (3 vo ls .)f . Ita lian Gardens - Elgoodg. The Art of Garden Design in Ita ly - Trig_3h. How to make a flower garden - Jardeni . Gardencraft in Europe - Triggs.

55

I« resign (continued)

8 . City Planninga. Civic Art - I&wsanb. City Planning - Robinsonc. Town Planning - Triggsd. Town Planning - Cadburye. Modern City Planning and Maintenance - Roasterf . The Garden City - Purdonig. Modem Civic Art - Robinsonh. Garden Cities - Sannetti . City Planning - Rolenj . Town Planning in Practice - Unwink. The Planning of the Modem City - Lewisl. Town Improvement - Evans

II, Engineering

1. Topograph!ca1a* Manual of topographical drawing - Smithb. Plane Surveying - Tracyc. Elements of Surveying - Breed and Hosmerd. American C iv il Engineer's Pocket Book - Mansfield & Merriman

2 , Sanitationa. Sanitation, water supply and sewage disposal of country

houses - Gerhard.b. Sewerage - Polwellc. water supply and sewage disposal - Breed & Hosmar

I I I , Construction1. Grading

a. Earthwork and its cost - G ille tteb. Handbook of Cost Data - G ille tte

2. Drainagea. Irrigation and Drainage - Kingb. Textbook of land drainage - Jeffreyc. The main drainage of towns - Taylord. Engineering for land drainage - E llio t t .

3. Road Constructiona. Roads and pavements - Bakerb. Elements of Highway Engineering - Blanchardc. American Highway Engineer's Hand Book - Blanchardd. Du3t Preventatives and Road Binder - Hubbarde. Laboratory Ifenual of Bituminous Material - Hubbardf . The Modern Asphalt Pavement - Richardsong. Highway Engineer's Handbook - I&rger and Bonneyh. Proceedin g of N at'l Conf. on Concrete Roads Building,

1914-and 1916 - Portland Cement Assn.

IV, Plant Material

1. Treesa. Trees of the Northern United States - Apgar

56

IV. Plant Material (continued)

1. Trees (continued)b. Care of trees in lawn, street and park - Fernow 'c. Standard cyclopedia of Horticulture - Baileyd. Pruning Book - Baileye. Trees of Hew Sigland - Dame and Brooks.

2. Shrubsa. Ornamental shrubs of the United States - Apgarb. Shrubs fo r Bock Gardens - Landscape Architecture, 1911.c. Trees and Shrubs of the British Isles - Cooper & Westelld. Trees and Shrubs in the British Isles - Beane. Manual of Gardening - Baileyf . Plants fo r Landscape Planting - Taylor

3. PerennialsAmerican plants fo r American gardens - Wilder Herbaceous perennials and how to plant them - Garden Lfeaazine

March 1919.c. The Garden month by month - Sedgwick

Color in the flower garden - Jekyll Manual of gardening - Bailey

f . Garden blue book - Hollandg. Book of Garden Plaits - Hamblin

a.b.

d.e.

4. Water Plantsa. Plant3 suitable fo r water planting - Country L ife, 1898b. Making a water garden - Country L ife , 1899c. A water garden - Country L ife, 1904d. Water Gardens - Country L ife, 1899e. Water Gardens - Civic Art, Mawson.

* This is the En|lish edition of Country L ife .

V. Architecture

1. Architectural details and structuresa. The Petit Trianon - Arnott and Wilsonb. Italian v i l la 3 and their gardens - Wharton c« Modern Farm Buildings - Hopkinsd. Tbs Country House - Coopere. The books by the following authors are very valuable fo r their

architectural merit: Mawson, Jebyll, Weaver, Trig .s, and P latt.

57.

VIII.

MISC5LLA5IE0US DATA

The Landscape Architect is continually f i l in g notes, data, and measurements

that may he of value to him during his practice. The following have been

collected as some of the more common notes taken:

1. Fence Posts - 16' apart.

2. Laundry Area - 600 square fe3 t.

3. 43560 squire fee t in one acre; an acre equals SOS' on a side.

4. 160 square rods in an acre

5. Plant street trees not less than 25 feet, usually 40 fee t apart.

6 . Oarage fo r one car, 10 by 20 fee t.

7. Light standards, 25 to 100 ' apart.

8. Area of c irc le equals 3.1416 x Badiu3 squared.

9. Circumference of a c irc le equals 3.1416 x diameter.

10. Allow one acre of park land fo r every 200 persons

11. Playgrounds should be not more than one half mile from each ch ild 's home.

12. City water supply 150 to 200 gallons per capita per day.

13. Minimum fa l l in pipe for Sanitary and Storm Sewers:

Sanitary Storm

8" Pipe .43 in 100 feet*12" ft .23 " ft tt 12" pipe .43 in 100 fee t18" fl .12 « ft n 13" » .25 tt tt tt

24" ft . 0 8 " ft tt 24" " .17 tt tt tt

36" ft . 0 4 5 " ft tt 36" " .12 tt tt tt

14. Estimating shrub material and cost of planting:

a. 10 shrubs fo r every 100 square feet of planting areab. At present prices i t w i l l cost from 10# to 12# each to plant one

chrub.c. Average shrub price unsettled - about 35#

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58.

M H C JffiggIBSMBHTS

1. Turn around. - ,50 to 60 fee t in diameter.

2. Nine fee t each fo r f i r s t two lines of t ra ff ic and eight fee t fo r each

additional line.

3. For car track allow 9 fee t.

4. Service drive width 9 fee t.

5. Street widths:

a. Main thoroughfare - ICO feet minimumV.

b. Secondary " - 30 " »

c. Residential n - 60 " «

d. One Way " - 8 " «

e. Two Way " - 16 " »•

6. Proportioning of Street Widths

a. Residential - 3/5 roadway, l/5 sidewalk, 1/5 parking

b. Business - 4/6 roadway, 2/6 sidewalk