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Anatomy, Lecture 5, Pleurae & Lungs (slides)
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Thoracic Cavity:
Pleurae & Lungs
Thoracic Cavity
3 parts
2 pulmonary: (lat.)
lungs & pleurae (?)
Mediastinum: (central)
Heart & other str. (??)
Pleura
Fluid filled sac that surrounds the lung
Fxn.:
friction between ?? & ??
* As when you push your fist in fluid filled baloon
Compartments of Pleura
2 continuous memb. &
a cavity in between
- Visceral Pleura:
covers the lungs & follow its curves
- Parietal Pleura:
lines thoracic wall,
mediastinum & ??
- Pleural Cavity:
space between ??
contains fluid (why?)
Pleural Surfaces
- Costal surface
opposite to ribs & intercostal m.
- Mediastinal surface
opposite to mediastinum (med.)
- Diaphragmatic surface
opposite to ??
- Cervical pleura
extends into the neck
(2-3 cm above clavicle)
Pleural ReflectionsCurvatures between pleural surfaces
- Sternal Ref.
Sharp, ant. between ??
- Costal Ref.
Sharp, inf. between ??
- Vertebral
rounded, post. between ??
Pleural Recesses
Recess: Deep space created by pleural reflections
Costodiaphragmatic Recess:
space between costal & diaphragmatic surfaces of the pleura
Costomediastinal Recess:
space between costal & mediastinal surfaces
* larger in Lf. side
Neurovascular Supply to The Pleura
Parietal: (very sensitive)
Follows thoracic wall Intercostal VAN
Diaphragmatic:
musculophrenic a.
Phrenic n.
Visceral: Follows the lung Bronchial a. & V.
* No innervation insensitive
Abnormalities in Pleural Cavity
Pneumothorax: ??? in pleural cavity
from: penetrating wounds (fractured rib)
Hemothorax: ??? In pleural cavity
from: inj. To intercostal vessel
Chylothorax: ??? in pleural cavity
from: inj. To thoracic duct
partial lung collapse & impaired respiration
Rx.: Thoracocentesis
Thoracocentesis
The Lungs
The vital organ of respiration
Fxn.: oxygenation of bld.
Appearance ??
Each lung have:Apex:extends into ??
3 surfaces:costal, mediast., diaphragm.
3 borders:ant., post., inf.
Right Lung
Larger than left lung
Divides into 3 lobes:
sup., middle, inf.
in between lobes 2 fissures:
Oblique fissure:
6th CC (ant.) T2 (post.)
Horizontal fissure:
4th CC (ant.)
oblique fissure at ??
Left Lung
Smaller than Rt. Because ??
2 lobes:
Sup., inf.
1 fissure:
Oblique fissure
Ant. Border:
Cardiac Notch
Lingula
(beneath the notch)
Root & Hilum of The Lung
On Medial Surface
Root:
Str. that enter or leave the lung
Hilum:
site where the root is attached to the lung
Arrangement of Structures In Lung Hilum
Left LungRight Lung
Trachea
Fibrocartilaginous tube
(C6 Sternal angle)
In deep inspiration it reaches the level of ?
~13 cm Length & 2.5 cm Width
Anterolat.:
U-shaped bars of hyaline catilage
Post.:
smooth muscle (trachialis)
Bronchi
1. Main bronchi (1O):One on each side
Extend from ?? To ??
Rt. bronchus:
Wider, shorter & more vertical
Lf. Bronchus:
Narrower, longer &
more horizontal
Relations of lf. Bronchus:
Inf. ? , Ant. ??
2. Lobar bronchi (2O):2 lf. : sup and inf
3 Rt. : sup, middle, and inf
3. Segmental bronchi (3O):Supply the
bronchopulmonary segments
Bronchopulmonary Segments(Read Your Textbook for Complete Details)
Anatomical, Functional, & Surgical units of the lung
- Subdivisions of lung lobes
- Pyramidal in shape:
apex: root, base: pleural surfaces
- Each segment has its own bld. Supply & innervation
- Separated by C.T.
- 10 in each lung
- Diseased segment can be removed surgically
(because it is a structural unit)