Anatomy of Chest & Neck Final

ANATOMY OF CHEST& NECK,

Bifurcation of carotid arteries

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C.C.I.C.E.C.V.A.B.A.

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PATHOLOGY

PNEUMONIA

EMPHYSEMAEmphysema is defined as abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of the walls and without obvious fibrosis. The 3 described morphological types of emphysema are centriacinar, panacinar, and paraseptal

EMPHYSEMA

PULMONARY EDEMA

PNEUMOTHORAX

A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, occurs when all or part of a lung collapses or caves inward. This occurs when air gets in the area between the lung and chest wall. When this happens the lung cannot fill up with air, breathing becomes hard, and the body gets less oxygen. A collapsed lung can occur spontaneously in a healthy person or in someone who has lungs compromised by trauma, asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema.

PNEUMOTHORAX

HEMOTHORAX

TUBERCULOSISTuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial disease that primarily involves the lungs. Like the common cold, it spreads through the air. Only people who are sick with TB in their lungs are infectious. When infectious people cough, sneeze, talk or spit, they propel TB germs, known as bacilli, into the air. A person needs only to inhale a small number of these to be infected. TB can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, the kidneys or the spine.

TUBERCULOSIS

SARCOIDOSIS

What is sarcoidosis? Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the lungs and lymph glands. In patients with sarcoidosis, abnormal masses or nodules (called granulomas) consisting of inflamed tissues form in certain organs of the body. These granulomas may alter the normal structure and possibly the function of the affected organ(s).

SARCOIDOSIS

PULMONARY FIBROSIS

Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease where scar tissue develops in the lungs following many infections and swelling. The scar tissue causes the lungs to become more stiff than normal. This means that the lungs cannot expand like normal, and therefore less air can get in and out of the lungs.

BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

CALCIFIED B. C.

GRANULOMAThe human immune system, which protects us from disease, is made up of a complex network of highly specialized cells and organs. When any part of this network is faulty, it interrupts the smooth functioning of the immune response and can result in an immulogic disorder. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is actually a group of rare, inherited disorders of the immune system that are caused by defects in the immune system cells called phagocytes. These defects leave patients vulnerable to severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and chronic inflammatory conditions such as gingivitis (swollen inflamed gums), enlarged lymph glands, or tumor-like masses called granulomas. While not malignant, granulomas can cause serious problems by obstructing passage of food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines as well as blocking urine flow from the kidneys and bladder

GRANULOMA

INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE

What is interstitial lung disease (ILD) / pulmonary fibrosis?Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a broad category of lung diseases that includes more than 130 disorders characterized by scarring (i.e. fibrosis) and / or inflammation of the lungs. Some of the disorders included under the heading of ILD are:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Sarcoidosis

Eosinophilic granuloma

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

Bronchiolitis obliterans Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

ASBESTOSIS

ASBESTOSIS

A chronic, progressive condition of scar tissue build-up in the lungs resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Shortness of breath, increased risk of lung infection and permanent lung damage are common symptoms of asbestosis.

PAROTID GLAND TUMOR

THYROID CANCER

CAROTID ANEURYSM

NECK ABCESS

PROTOCOLSNECKCHEST

NECK-STANDARDSCOUT: LATERAL

SCANNING MODE: SPIRAL

LANDMARK: OML

SLICE PLANE: AXIAL

I.V. CONTRAST: 100-150 ml

BREATH HOLD: BREATH HOLD: HOLD ON INSPIRATION

SLICE THICKNESS: 5 MM

START LOCATION: SUPERIOR TO BASE OF TONGUE

END LOCATION: LUNG APICES

FILMING: SOFT TISSUE

NECK:VOCAL CORD PARALYSISSCOUT: LATERAL


LANDMARK: OML

SLICE PLANE: AXIAL

I.V. CONTRAST: 1-2 ML/SEC. 125 ML

BREATH HOLD: HOLD ON INSPIRATION

SLICE THICKNESS: 5 MM, 1MM THROUGH VOCAL CORDS

LETTER E PHONATION TO ASSESS MOBILITY OF VOCAL CORDS

START LOCATION: SUPERIOR TO BASE OF TONGUE

END LOCATION: BELOW CARINA ( T4-T5)


AVOIDANCE OF METALLIC ARTIFACTS

NECK AND LARYNX+NASOPHARYNXSCOUT: LATERAL

SCAN MODE: SPIRAL

LANDMARK: OML

SLICE PLANE: AXIAL- NECK HYPEREXTENDED

I.V. CONTRAST: 100ml, 1MML/SEC.

BREATH HOLD: QUIET RESPIRATION

SLICE THICKNESS: 3-5 MM, 1MM THROUGH VOCAL CORDS

START LOCATION: SUPERIOR NASOPHARYNX

END LOCATION: CRICOID CARTILAGE


CHEST ROUTINESCOUT: AP- AZIMUTH 0 DEG.

LANDMARK: STERNAL NOTCH

SLICE PLANE: AXIAL OR SPIRAL

I.V. CONTRAST: 80-150 ml, 1.5-2 MML/SEC., DELAY 60 SEC

BREATH HOLD: SUSPENDED INSPIRATION

SLICE THICKNESS: 8-10 MM OR 5 MM THROUGH HILUM

START LOCATION: STERNAL NOTCH

END LOCATION: TOP OF KIDNEYS (THROUGH ADRENALS)

FILMING: SOFT TISSUE + SHARP LUNG

CT OF CHEST END LOCATIONKIDNEYS-THROUGH ADRENALSBRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMAADRENAL MASS

DISPLAY OF CHEST CT400/401500/ -500

CHEST PESCOUT: AP



SLICE PLANE: AXIAL

I.V. CONTRAST: 100-150 ml, 3 ML-4 ML/SEC., DELAY 15-20 SEC

SCANNING IN CAUDOCRANIAL ORIENTATION IF MOTION SUSPECTED- TO PASS DIPHRAGM FAST


SLICE THICKNESS: 3 MM


END LOCATION: LUNG BASES

FILMING: SOFT TISSUE + SHARP LUNG

3D + MPR RECONSTRUCTION

CHEST HIGH RESOLUTIONSCOUT: AP

SCANNING MODE: AXIAL/ SPIRAL


SLICE PLANE: AXIAL

I.V. CONTRAST: NONE


SLICE THICKNESS: 1-1.5 MM

INDEX: 10 MM


END LOCATION: THROUGH LUNG BASES

FILMING: SHARP LUNG

DISPLAY & FILMING1500/ -500

CHEST HIGH RESOLUTION-ASBESTOSIS (MESOTHELIOMA)SCOUT: AP

PATIENT SCANNED IN SUPINE AND PRONE POSITION FOR INFLATION OF THE LUNG BASES (POSTERIOR ASPECT)

SCANNING MODE: AXIAL/ SPIRAL


SLICE PLANE: AXIAL

I.V. CONTRAST: NONE



INDEX: 10 MM



FILMING: SHARP LUNG + MEDIASTINUM

CHEST HIGH RESOLUTIONAIR TRAPPINGSCOUT: AP

SCANNING MODE: AXIAL


SLICE PLANE: AXIAL

I.V. CONTRAST: NONE

BREATH HOLD: SUSPENDED INSPIRATION + EXPIRATION


INDEX: 10 MM



FILMING: SHARP LUNG ONLY

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION SCAN TO EVALUATE AIR ENTRAPMENTDETECTION OF:EMPHYSEMAASTHMASARCOIDOSISINHALATION OF FOREIGN PARTICLES

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Anatomy of Chest & Neck Final