Animal-like Protists and Funguslike Protists

Before we begin…some review

• What does the term “eukaryotic” mean?• What does the term “heterotroph” mean?• What does the term “autotroph” mean?• What is the difference between “unicellular”

and “multicellular”?

What is a Protist?

• Diverse kingdom – sometimes called “junk drawer kingdom”

• Are all eukaryotes• All live in moist environments• Mix of unicellular and multicellular • Mix of autotrophs and heterotrophs• Most have contractile vaculoes – pump water

out of the organism

Example Protists

The Amoeba The Paramecium

Algae

Grouping Protists

• Protists are classified into three groups:– Animal-like protists– Funguslike protists– Plant-like protists

Animal-like Protists

• Also called protozoans• All heterotrophs• All unicellular

• Divided into four groups– Protozoans with Pseudopods– Protozoans with Cilia– Protozoans with Flagella– Others

Protozoans with Pseudopods

• These protists are called sarcodines.• They all have pseudopds that allow them to

move and trap food.– Pseudopod – “false foot”; temporary bulge of the

cell membrane that fills with cytoplasm

• Example – Our old friend, the amoeba

The Amoeba

Protozoans with Cilia

• These protists are called ciliates.• They all have cilia that allow them to move,

obtain food, and sense the environment.– Cilia – hairlike projections from a cell that move in

a wavelike pattern.

• Example – paramecium

Paramecium

Protozoans with Flagella

• These protists are called zooflagellates.• They all have flagella that help them move.– Flagella – long, whiplike tail

• Many live in symbiosis in other organisms.– Symbiosis – interaction between two species

• Example - Giardia

Giardia

Other Protozoans

• These are called sporozoans.• They are all parasites that feed on the cells

and body fluids of their hosts.

• Example – Plasmodium, causes malaria

Funguslike Protists

• Have cell walls• Use spores to reproduce• Are heterotrophs

• Three types:– Water molds– Downy mildews– Slime molds

Water Molds and Downy Mildews

• Live in water and moist places• Grow as tiny threads that look fuzzy

• Can also attack food crops– Water mold destroyed potato crops in 1845-1846

and caused the Irish Potato Famine that killed over a million people!

Water Molds and Downy Mildew

Water mold growing on a fish.It is a parasite that will eventually kill the fish. Downy mildew growing on lettuce.

Slime Molds

• Live in moist soil and on decaying plants and trees

• Can form pseudopods and eat bacteria