Anschluss Why? Hitler wanted all German-speaking nations in Europe to be a part of Germany...
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Anschluss Why? Hitler wanted all German-speaking nations in Europe to be a part of Germany Definition? The unification of Germany and Austria Background?
Anschluss Why? Hitler wanted all German-speaking nations in
Europe to be a part of Germany Definition? The unification of
Germany and Austria Background? Attempted coup in 1934. Dolfuss
bans extremists. Hitler orders chaos, which escalated. Mussolini
livid and opposes Hitler Events? Schusnigg co-operates with Germany
(Austro-German Treaty 1936). Nazi member becomes Minister of
Interior in 1938. Hitler orders chaos (AGAIN!) so he can restore
order. 9 th March Schussnigg calls referendum. Hitler furious and
orders cancellation. Succeeds. 1 1 th march, German troops occupy
Austria. Referendum in April rigged to show German support Outcome?
Britain and France in no position to oppose Hitler. Appeasement the
preferred option. German add 7 million people and 100,000 soldiers.
Steel, Iron and wealth gained. Czechoslovakia now border Germany on
3 fronts Exam Question: Main reason for Anschluss? How responsible
for WW2?
Slide 2
Organisation of the League of Nations The Council 4 permanent
members Britain, France, Italy and Japan, until Italy and Japan
left the league Solved disputes by : Moral condemnation countries
would pressure the aggressor to stop the war Economic sanctions
countries would stop trade with the aggressor, military force
members of the league would eventually fight the aggressor- whose
army? The Assembly Met once a year to discuss issues, such as
solving disputes, or changing treaties. All decisions in the
assembly had to be unanimous Had representatives from each member.
The Permanent Court of Justice Court of 15 judges chosen by the
league Dealt with disputes between countries whilst the assembly
couldnt Had no means of enforcing decisions, and relied on member
states to enforce their decisions Weaknesses of the Structure
Assembly, which had the real power, only met once a year
(Manchuria?) Decisions had to be unanimous, which meant that some
decisions would be hard to agree on, and therefore means that they
may not be able to do much The Permanent court of Justice met more
often than the assembly, however it had no force, and relied on
members to do it if they chose to. Exam Question: Responsible for
failure of League of Nations?
Slide 3
German re-armament and the Rhineland Background? German had
military limitations put on them by the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany joined the League and participated in the 1932 Disarmament
Conference. Withdrew in 1933 Rearmament? In 1935, Hitler introduced
conscription. Europe did nothing, but were concerned Britain and
France split, Russia joined the League. 1934 signed a 10 year
non-aggression pact with Poland, guaranteeing her borders. Hitler
peaceful? 1934 failed Anschluss. German army needs strengthening
1935 Anglo-German Naval agreement (35% of British fleet). Britain
did not consult Italy or France so weakened Stresa Front. By 1938,
rearmament figures were 800,000 soldiers, 47 U-boats and 2000
planes Rhineland? Troops marched in on 7 th March 1936 against
Treaty and Locarno Pact. Hitler agrees 25 year non-aggression pact.
Only Soviet Union in favour of sanctions. Why no action? Abyssinia
and what is the problem with having German troops in Germany?
Significance of Rhineland? Opposed Treaty. Hitler more popular in
Germany, Rome-Berlin Axis signed battle lines for WW2. Britain and
France rearm, the League doomed Exam Question: Main reason for
rearmament and remilitarisation? How responsible for WW2?
Slide 4
Sudeten Crisis and Munich Agreement Why? Unite the 3 million
German speakers, Lebensraum and control of lesser Slavic people
Sudeten crisis Hitler encouraged Sudeten Nazi leader Henlein to
riot in March 1938 Hitler met Chamberlain in Germany and Hitler
outlined his aim of a plebiscite. Chamberlain persuaded the French
to force Benes (Czech leader) to accept. Chamberlain surprised
Hitler on September 22 nd by accepting proposals. Hitler asked to
occupy the Sudetenland immediately. Chamberlain gutted prepare for
war Munich Agreement Germany, France, Italy and Britain met.
Sudetenland German, but not Czechoslovakia. Chamberlain and Hitler
agreed they would never go to war peace in our time Outcome? Czechs
betrayed and vulnerable. Germany gained Sudetenland, a key
industrial area, Britain re-armed as public opinion began to swing
against appeasement. Soviet Union left out and annoyed. PEACE! Exam
Question: Main reason for invasion of Sudetenland? Munich Agreement
a victory or failure? How responsible for WW2?
Slide 5
Yalta (Feb 1945) and Potsdam (July 1945) Conferences Yalta
agreement? Divide Germany into four Berlin too Nazi war criminals
to be hunted down Free elections in East Europe Soviet support in
Japanese War UN set up German reparations But What to do about
Poland? Then what? By Potsdam, Russia occupied Eastern Europe and
liberated Berlin. Germany surrender. Roosevelt died, Churchill
replaced. USA tested an atom bomb on July 16 th So? Huge mistrust,
especially between US and Russia. Division of Germany and hunt for
war criminals confirmed. But, wartime cooperation ends, lack of a
common enemy. Little agreed at Potsdam Exam Question: Success and
failure? Difference between conferences? Responsible for increasing
tensions between East and West?
Slide 6
The Thaw Stalins death Died in 1953. Replaced by Khrushchev,
end of Communist world domination Thaw? Wanted to calm tensions
between East and West both had H-Bomb. USSR helped end Korean War.
Austrian occupation ended in 1955 Peaceful coexistence? First used
by Khrushchev in 1956 describing living in peace with West.
Khrushchev visited Britain and conference held in Geneva in 1955
NATO and Warsaw Pact Why NATO? Formed in April 1949 to respond to
Berlin blockade. All members defended if attacked Problem? Drew a
frontier against USSR. 12 member states, East Germany made in 15.
Allowed US military expansion. Seen as aggression action by USSR,
application rejected Soviet response? After 1955, it became clear
Germany would not be united. Mutual defence pact signed in Warsaw
in 1955 Pol, Cz, Bul, Hun, Rom, E. Ger, Albania Collective Security
Treaty of Friendship allowed Russian dominance. Despite thaw in
Cold War, battle lines were now drawn Exam Question: NATO and
Warsaw increase tension? Successful was peaceful coexistence?