UnificationUnification of of ItalyItaly

What ‘s in Name?1.Based upon the following nickname, identify

what qualities each of these people would possess:

a) The Soulb) The Brainc) The Sword

2. Create a nickname that is representative of who you are as a person.2. Create a nickname that is representative of who you are as a person.

Risorgimento Risorgimento (Italian Resurgence)(Italian Resurgence)

Risorgimento Risorgimento (Italian Resurgence)(Italian Resurgence)

Italy was divided into Italy was divided into many small many small states.states.

Napoleon controlled Napoleon controlled the region as a the region as a unified state.unified state.

Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna re-divided Italy and re-divided Italy and put much of it under put much of it under AustrianAustrian or or PapalPapal control. control.

Italy was completely Italy was completely fragmented.fragmented.

Obstacles of UnificationObstacles of UnificationObstacles of UnificationObstacles of Unification

Austria ruled Northern Italy and wanted Italy divided and weak

Pope Pius IX and the Catholic Church controlled central Italy, called the Papal States.

                                                    

            

Giuseppe Giuseppe MazziniMazzini

Giuseppe Giuseppe MazziniMazzini

1805-18721805-1872 A rebelA rebel Founds Founds Young ItalyYoung Italy, a secret , a secret

nationalist societynationalist society Spends years in exile for his Spends years in exile for his

views.views. Writings and speeches Writings and speeches

provide inspiration to the provide inspiration to the nationalistnationalist movement movement

Nickname the Nickname the “Soul”“Soul”

““The secret of being able to do The secret of being able to do something lies in wanting to do it” something lies in wanting to do it”

Camillo Camillo CavourCavourCamillo Camillo CavourCavour

1810-18611810-1861 A A statesmanstatesman Prime minister of SardinaPrime minister of Sardina Strengthens the Strengthens the

economy, form foreign economy, form foreign alliancesalliances

Launches wars to gain Launches wars to gain lands and build power.lands and build power.

Used Used diplomacydiplomacy and war and war to drive Austrian power to drive Austrian power from Italyfrom Italy

The The “Brain”“Brain”

“I have discovered the art of deceiving diplomats. I tell them the truth and they never

believe me.”

Giuseppe GarabaldiGiuseppe GarabaldiGiuseppe GarabaldiGiuseppe Garabaldi

1807-1882.1807-1882. A soldier.A soldier. Member of young Italy.Member of young Italy. Leads a volunteer army Leads a volunteer army

know as the know as the red shirts.red shirts. Spends many years in Spends many years in

exile.exile. Won control of Won control of southernsouthern

Italy and help to unite it Italy and help to unite it with the with the north.north.

The The “sword.”“sword.”

“I offer neither pay, nor quarters, nor food; I offer only hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles and death. Let him who loves his country with his heart, and not merely with his lips, follow me.”

Garibaldi Conquers the South and Enters Naples!Garibaldi Conquers the South and Enters Naples!

Garibaldi’s army moved north and Cavour sent troops south! By 1861, The two armies overran all Italian states but Venetia and Rome.

By 1871, all Austrian control had ended and the pope could not fight off Italian troops who seized Rome.

Rome became the capital of the unified nation of Italy!

"Right Leg in the Boot at Last" "Right Leg in the Boot at Last"

Who is the man putting the boot on King Victor Emmanuel? How do you know?

What is the significance of the King wearing the boot? Explain.

Create a title for this cartoon:

Before and after Italian Before and after Italian UnificationUnification

                           

                                       

German UnificationGerman Unification“The great questions of our day,

cannot be settled by speeches and majority votes, but by blood and iron.”

Otto Von Bismarck1. Describe the meaning of this

quote.

2. What methods would Bismarck use to create a united Germany?

German UnificationGerman Unification

German Confederati

on was formed after the defeat

of Napoleon in 1815.

Austria considered itself the leader – Organized centralized government and

strong military

German UnificationGerman Unification1862 – King of Prussia

appointed Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister

Bismarck began to build up the military and followed a policy

known as “Blood and Iron,” the use of war to unite the German

states under one rule… not Austrian, but Prussian rule!

“Blood and Iron”

Three Wars of UnificationThree Wars of Unification

In 1864 a short war with Denmark broke out. Prussia and Austria won, and no

other foreign powers intervened. It was decided that Schleswig was to be under

Prussian control and Holstein under Austrian control.

Bismarck wasn’t finished in his endeavor to create a united Germany yet. In 1866, He

provoked a war with Austria to completely annex Schleswig and

Holstein to Prussia, or at least have indirect control over the

government.

Prussian-Danish War

Austro-Prussian War

Bismarck would not be satisfied until all the German states were united under Prussian rule. He

decided to rally them against a common

enemy… the French. However, Bismarck

needed the French to declare war on the Germans. How was he going to make

that happen?

Needed Common EnemyNeeded Common Enemy

The public release of the Ems Dispatch, which played up alleged insults between the Prussian king and the French ambassador, inflamed public opinion on both sides. France mobilized, and

declared war on Prussia only, but the other German states quickly joined on Prussia's side.

Franco-Prussian Franco-Prussian WarWar

"The Ems Telegram should have the desired effect of waving a red cape in front of the face

of the Gallic [French] Bull.“ - Bismarck

Franco Prussian WarFranco Prussian WarThe Germans

defeated the French and at the end of

the war, all German states joined with Prussia to form a united German

Nation.

German NationGerman NationGermans accepted rule by a

single person, Kaiser Wilhelm I. Otto von Bismarck was named

Chancellor and had total power. There was no

legislature.

Kaiser Wilhelm I

Bismarck used policy of “Realpolitik” to govern. He acted with little regard to

ethics, morals or legalities to do what he thought was best for the nation. His goal was to strengthen the military and industrialize Germany,

Blood and Iron!

Realpolitik

Will it all fit Will it all fit under one under one

hat?hat?What did the

German helmet come to symbolize?

What is the name of the policy for building up a

nation’s military called?

Militarism

Military Threat